高考英语人物传记类阅读理解

话题五：人物传记类(一)ArthurMiller(1915—2005)isuniversallyrecognizedasoneofthegreatestdramatistsofthe20thcentury.Miller'sfatherhadmovedtotheUSAfromAustria-Hungary,drawnlikesomanyothersbythe“GreatAmericanDream”.However,heexperiencedseverefinancialhardshipwhenhisfamilybusinesswasruinedintheGreatDepressionoftheearly1930s.Miller'smostfamousplay,DeathofaSalesman,isapowerfulattackontheAmericansystem,withitsaggressivewayofdoingbusinessanditsinsistenceonmoneyandsocialstatusasindicatorsofworth.InWillyLoman,theherooftheplay,weseeamanwhohasgotintotroublewiththissystem.Willyis“burntout”andinthecruelworldofbusinessthereisnoroomforsentiment:ifhecan'tdothework,thenheisnogoodtohisemployer,theWagnerCompany,andhemustgo.Willyispainfullyawareofthis,andatalossastowhattodowithhislackofsuccess.Herefusestofacethefactthathehasfailedandkillshimselfintheend.Whenitwasfirststagedin1949,theplaywasgreetedwithenthusiasticreviews,anditwontheTonyAwardforBestPlay,theNewYorkDramaCritics'CircleAward,andthePulitzerPrizeforDrama.Itwasthefirstplaytowinallthreeofthesemajorawards.MillerdiedofheartfailureathishomeinRoxbury,Connecticut,ontheeveningofFebruary10,2005,the56thanniversaryofthefirstperformanceofDeathofaSalesmanonBroadway.1．WhydidArthurMiller'sfathermovetotheUSA?A.Hesufferedfromseverehungerinhishomecountry.B.Hewasattractedbythe“GreatAmericanDream.”C.Hehopedtomakehissonadramatist.D.Hisfamilybusinessfailed2．TheplayDeathofaSalesman________.A.exposesthecrueltyoftheAmericanbusinessworldB.discussesthewaystogetpromotedinacompanyC.talksaboutthebusinesscareerofArthurMillerD.focusesontheskillsindoingbusiness3．WhatcanwelearnaboutWillyLoman?A.Hetreatshisemployerbadly.B.HerunstheWagnerCompany.C.HeisavictimoftheAmericansystem.D.Heisregardedasaherobyhiscolleagues.4．Afteritwasfirststaged,DeathofaSalesman________.A.achievedhugesuccessB.wonthefirstTonyAwardC.waswarmlywelcomedbysalesmenD.wasseverelyattackedbydramatists5．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.ArthurMillerandhisfamily.B.TheawardsArthurMillerwon.C.ThehardshipArthurMillerexperienced.D.ArthurMillerandhisbest-knownplay. 答案 八年级地理上册填图题岩土工程勘察试题省略号的作用及举例应急救援安全知识车间5s试题及答案 与解析1．B　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Miller'sfatherhadmovedtotheUSAfromAustria-Hungary，drawnlikesomanyothersbythe‘GreatAmericanDream’”可知，他父亲移居美国像其他许多人一样是受当年伟大的美国梦吸引。　推理判断题。根据第二段可知，这部戏剧对美国 制度 关于办公室下班关闭电源制度矿山事故隐患举报和奖励制度制度下载人事管理制度doc盘点制度下载 是一个抨击，它 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 现了咄咄逼人的做生意的方式以及坚信金钱和社会地位才是财富的象征。主人公Willy陷入困境，然而生意场上残酷无情：如果他做不了，那么对老板而言，他就一无是处，他必须离开。故此部戏剧揭露了美国职场的残酷。3．C　推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句“Willyispainfullyawareofthis,andatalossastowhattodowithhislackofsuccess.Herefusestofacethefactthathehasfailedandkillshimselfintheend.”可知主人公面对失败无所适从，无法面对现实，从而走向毁灭，成了美国资本主义制度下美国梦的牺牲者。故选C项。　细节理解题。根据第三段可知，这部戏剧自1949第一次搬上银幕就获得了“托尼戏剧音乐奖”、“纽约戏剧评论奖”、“普利策戏剧奖”三项大奖，获得极大的成功。因此A项正确。5．D　主旨大意题。纵观全文不难看出本文主要介绍ArthurMiller以及他的戏剧DeathofaSalesman《推销员之死》。其他选项都不全面，只是文中叙述的一部分。故D项正确。(二)JacquelineBouvierKennedyOnassiswasoneofthemostprivatewomenintheworld,yetwhenshewenttoworkasaneditorinthelasttwodecadesofherlife,sherevealed(展现)herselfasshedidnowhereelse.Afterthedeathofhersecondhusband,Greekshippingmagnate(巨头)AristotleOnassis,Jacqueline'sclosefriendandformerWhiteHousesocialsecretaryLetitiaBaldrigemadeasuggestionthatsheconsideracareer(职业)inconsideration,Jacquelineacceptedshehopedtofindtheresomeideasabouthowtoliveherownbecamenotlessbutmoreinterestedinthelast20yearsofherlife,Jacquelineworkedasapublisher'seditor，firstatViking,thenatDoubleday,pursuing(追求)alate-lifecareerlongerthanhertwomarriagescombined.Duringhertimeinpublishing,shewasresponsibleformanagingandeditingmorethan100successfullymarketedbooks.AmongthefirstbookswereIntheRussianStyleandInventiveParisalsosucceededinpersuadingTVhostsBillMoyersandJosephCampbelltotransformtheirpopulartelevisionconversationsintoabook,ThePowerofbookwentontobecomeaninternationalbest-dealt,too,withMichaelJacksonashepreparedhisautobiography(自传)，Moonwalk.Jacquelinemayhavebeenhiredforhernameandforhersocialrelations,butshesoonprovedherchoices,suggestionsandwidespreadsocialrelationswereofbenefitbothtothepublishingfirmsandtoJacquelinethebookssheselectedforpublication,shebuiltonalifetimeofspendingtimebyherselfasareaderandleftarecordofthegrowthofherbooksaretheautobiographyshenever,_in_the_end,,fewknewthatshehadachievedsomuch.1．WecanlearnfromthepassagethatJacqueline________.A．becamefondofreadingafterworkingasaneditorB．wasinchargeofpublishing100booksC．promotedherbooksthroughsocialrelationsD．gainedalotfromhercareerasaneditor2．Theunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphprobablymeansthat________.A．JacquelineendedupasaneditorratherthanasFirstLadyB．Jacqueline'slifeasFirstLadywasmorecolorfulthanasaneditorC．JacquelinewasmoresuccessfulasaneditorthanasFirstLadyD．Jacqueline'sroleasFirstLadywasmorebrilliantthanasaneditor3．Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A．Jacqueline'stwomarriageslastedmorethan20years.B．Jacqueline'sownpublishingfirmwassetupeventually.C．Jacqueline'sviewsandbeliefswerereflectedinthebookssheedited.D．Jacqueline'sachievementswerewidelyknown.4．Thepassageismainly________.A．anintroductionofJacqueline'slifebothasFirstLadyandasaneditorB．abriefdescriptionofJacqueline'slifelongexperiencesC．abriefaccountofJacqueline'scareerasaneditorinherlast20yearsD．ananalysisofJacqueline'ssocialrelationsinpublishing答案与解析1．D　细节理解题。由短文第一段中的“...shewenttoworkasaneditorinthelasttwodecadesofherlife,sherevealedherselfasshedidnowhereelse”可推出她在自己的编辑事业中获益很大。故选D项。2.C　细节理解题。根据画线句后面的“然而，很少有人知道她取得了这么多成就”可知，画线句的含义是：她作为第一夫人的角色最终在她作为编辑的出色表现前黯然失色。故选C项。3．C　推理判断题。由最后一段倒数第三句“Herbooksaretheautobiographysheneverwrote.”即她编辑的 书 关于书的成语关于读书的排比句社区图书漂流公约怎么写关于读书的小报汉书pdf 籍就是她从来没有写过的自传。由此可知，她的观点和信仰都反映在她所编辑的书籍中。故选C项。4．C　主旨大意题。由短文第一段中“...asaneditorinthelasttwodecadesofherlife...”以及整篇文章的叙述可知，本文主要介绍Jacqueline生命中最后20年的编辑生涯。故选C项。(三)ManypeoplebelieveHenryFordinventedtheautomobile(汽车).ButHenryForddidnotstarttobuildhisfirstcaruntil1896.ThatwaselevenyearsaftertwoGermansdevelopedtheworld'sfirstautomobile.ManypeoplebelieveHenryFordinventedtheproductionlinethatmovedacar'spartstotheworker,insteadofmakingtheworkermovetotheparts.Thatisnottrue,either.ManyfactoryownersusedmethodsofthiskindbeforeFord.WhatHenryForddidwastouseotherpeople'sideasandmakethembetter.Andhemadethewholefactoryamovingproductionline.Intheearlydaysoftheautomobile,almosteverycarmakerracedhiscars.Itwasthebestwayofgainingpublicnotice.HenryForddecidedtobuildaracingcar.Ford'smostfamousracewashisfirstone.Itwasalsothelastraceinwhichhedrovethecarhimself.Theracewasin1901,atafieldnearDetroit.Allofthemostfamouscarshadentered,butonlytwowereleft:theWintonandFord's.TheWintonwasfamousforitsspeed.Mostpeoplethoughttheracewasoverbeforeitbegan.TheWintontookanearlylead.Buthalfwaythroughtherace,itbegantolosepower.Fordstartedtogain.Andneartheendoftherace,hetookthelead.FordwontheraceanddefeatedtheWinton.Hisnameappearedinnewspapersandhebecamewell-knownallovertheUnitedweeksoftherace,HenryFordformedanewautomobilecompany.In1903,adoctorinDetroitboughtthefirstcarfromthecompany.That_salewasthebeginningofHenryFord'ssaid:“Iwillbuildamotorcarforthegreatmassofpeople.Itwillbelargeenoughforthefamily,butsmallenoughforonepersontooperateandcarefor.Itwillbebuiltofthebestmaterials.Itwillbebuiltbythebestmentobeemployed.Anditwillbebuiltwiththesimplestplansthatmodernengineeringcanproduce.Itwillbesolowinpricethatnomanmakinggoodmoneywillbeunabletoownone.”TheModelTwasacarofthatkind.Itonlycost$850.Itwasasimplemachinethatdriverscoulddependon.DoctorsboughttheModelT.Sodidfarmers.Evencriminals.Theyconsidereditthefastestandsurestformoftransportation.AmericanslovedtheModelT.Theywrotestoriesandsongsaboutit.ThousandsofModelT'swerebuiltinthefirstfewyears.1．WhatdoweknowaboutHenryFordfromParagraph1?A.Hemadegooduseofideasfromothers.B.Heproducedthefirstcarintheworld.C.Heknewhowtoimproveautoparts.D.Heinventedtheproductionline.2．WhydidHenryFordtakepartinthe1901carrace?A.Toshowoffhisdrivingskills.B.Todrawpublicattention.C.Tolearnaboutnewtechnology.D.Toraisemoneyforhisnewcompany.3．“Thatsale”inParagraph4refersto________.A.thesellingofFordcarsatreducedpricesB.thesaleofModelTtothemassofpeopleC.thesellingofacartoaDetroitdoctorD.thesalestargetfortheFordCompany4．WhatwasHenryFord'sdreamaccordingtothetext?A.Producingcarsforaveragecustomers.B.Buildingracingcarsofsimpledesign.C.Designingmorecarmodels.D.Startingmorecompanies.答案与解析1．A　细节理解题。根据第一段的“WhatHenryForddidwastouseotherpeople'sideasandmakethembetter”．可知，A项符合题意。2．B　细节理解题。根据第二段的“Intheearlydaysoftheautomobile,almosteverycarmakerracedhiscars.Itwasthebestwayofgainingpublicnotice.HenryForddecidedtobuildaracingcar.Ford'smostfamousracewashisfirstone.”可知，B项符合题意。3．C　词义猜测题。由第四段画线单词前的一句“In1903,adoctorinDetroitboughtthefirstcarfromthecompany.”以及画线单词所在的一句可知，C项符合题意。4．A　推理判断题。根据第四段的ThatsalewasthebeginningofHenryFord'sdream.Fordsaid：“Iwillbuildamotorcarforthegreatmassofpeople...makinggoodmoneywillbeunabletoownone.”可知，A项符合题意。(四)MostpeopleknowthatMarieCuriewasthefirstwomantowintheNobelPrize,andthefirstpersontowinittwice.However,fewpeopleknowthatshewasalsothemotherofaNobelPrizewinner.BorninSeptember,1897,IreneCuriewasthefirstoftheCuries'twodaughters.Alongwithniceotherchildrenwhoseparentswerealsofamousscholars,Irenestudiedintheirownschool,andhermotherwasoneoftheteachers.ShefinishedherhighschooleducationattheCollegeofSévignéinParis.IreneenteredtheUniversityofParisin1914toprepareforadegreeinmathematicsandphysics.WhenWorldWarIbegan,Irenewenttohelphermother,whowasusingX-rayfacilities(设备)tohelpsavethelivesofwoundedsoldiers.IrenecontinuedtheworkbydevelopingX-rayfacilitiesinmilitaryhospitalsinFranceandBelgium.HerserviceswererecognisedintheformofaMilitaryMedalbytheFrenchgovernment.In1918,Irenebecamehermother'sassistantattheCurieInstitute.InDecember1924,FredericJoliotjoinedtheInstitute,andIrenetaughthimthetechniquesrequiredforhiswork.Theysoonfellinloveandweremarriedin1926.TheirdaughterHelenewasbornin1927andtheirsonPierrefiveyearslater.Likehermother,Irenecombinedfamilyandcareer.Likehermother,IrenewasawardedaNobelPrize,alongwithherhusband,in1935.Unfortunately,alsolikehermother,shedevelopedleukemiabecauseofherworkwithradioactivity(辐射能).IreneJoliot-CuriediedfromleukemiaonMarch17,1956.1．WhywasIreneCurieawardedaMilitaryMedal?A.Becauseshereceivedadegreeinmathematics.B.Becauseshecontributedtosavingthewounded.C.BecauseshewontheNobelPrizewithFrederic.D.Becausesheworkedasahelpertohermother.2．WheredidIreneCuriemeetherhusbandFredericJoliot?A.AttheCurieInstitute.　　B.AttheUniversityofParis.C.Atamilitaryhospital.D.AttheCollegeofSévigné.3．WhenwasthesecondchildofIreneCurieandFredericJoliotborn?A.In1932.B.In1927.C.In1897.D.In1926.4．InwhichofthefollowingaspectswasIreneCuriedifferentfromhermother?A.Ireneworkedwithradioactivity.B.Irenecombinedfamilyandcareer.C.IrenewontheNobelPrizeonce.D.Irenediedfromleukemia.答案与解析　细节理解题。根据第三段最后三句可知，居里夫人的女儿艾琳·居里之所以获得军人奖章是因为她在抢救伤员方面做出了很多贡献。　细节理解题。根据第四段前两句可知，艾琳·居里是在居里研究所遇到后来成为她丈夫的弗雷德里克·约里奥。　细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知，他们的第一个孩子出生于1927年，第二个孩子是五年后出生的，也就是1932年。　细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知，艾琳·居里与自己的母亲有很多相似之处，唯一不同的就是，她只获得一次诺贝尔奖，而母亲获得过两次。