中考英语定语从句讲解

Preparedon21November2021中考英语定语从句讲解定语从句请看下面的句子：Iwanttoknowtheboywhoisthetallest.句子做定语修饰boy（一）概念:定语从句：在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子，叫定语从句。先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。定语从句的分类Ⅰ、限定性定语从句：从句不可少，没有它，先行词的意思不明确，主句也不完整。与先行词之间不用逗号。e.g:Thisisthebookthat/whichIwant.Ⅱ、非限定性定语从句：是对先行词的补充 说明 关于失联党员情况说明岗位说明总经理岗位说明书会计岗位说明书行政主管岗位说明书 ，没有它不会影响先行词或主句意思的完整性。从句一般用逗号同主句分开。e.g:Mr.Green，whoiswatchingTV，ismyuncle.（三）(限定性)定语从句的结构Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.先行词关系词定语从句关系代词关系副词which,who,whom,whose,thatwhere,when,why（四）定语从句的实质：二句合一（合并条件：人物先行在句一，又占句二一席地）Maryisagirl.合并为一个句子Shehaslonghair.思路：留（保留先行词）-----舍（舍去与先行词互指的词）----替（用关系词代替舍去部分）Maryisagirlwho/thathaslonghair.请把下列句子二句合一1.Isawtheman.Heclosedthedoor2.Thegirlishappy.Shewontherace3.Themancalledthepolice.Hiswalletwasstolen（五）定语从句关系词的确定:a.先行词的分类b.先行词在从句中充当的成分1.先行词做主语人：who/that物：which/that2.先行词做宾语人：who/whom/that物：which/that3.先行词做定语人：whose物：whose/ofwhich4.先行词做状语：when,where,whywho,whom,whose,that用法区别.who/that作定语从句的主语或宾语.Themanwho/thatisspeakingatthemeetingisaworker.做题思路：先分解——分析——再合并分解Themanisaworker.Themanisspeakingatthemeeting.作主语Whom/that作定语从句的宾语Thewoman（whom/that)theywantedtovisitisateacher.分解Thewomanisateacher.Theywantedtovisitthewoman.作宾语注意:关系代词作动词宾语时可省略.whose作定语从句的定语.Iknowthegirlwhosemotherisateacher.分解Iknowthegirl.Thegirl’smotherisateacher.作定语小结：关系词判断步骤首先，要辨别出先行词。如果先行词是指人,关系词可能就用who,thatwhom,whose。如果先行词指物,关系词可能用which或that然后，要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 先行词主语宾语定语人who,thatwho(m),thatwhose物which,thatwhich,thatwhose,ofwhich巩固练习：用适当代关系词填空1.Ihaveafriend________likeslisteningtoclassicalmusic.2.YesterdayEmilywaswearingthenewdress__________Igaveher.3.Theman______legbrokeinamatchusedtobeafootballplayer.（六）只能用that,不能用which的情况：(1)先行词为all,everything，anything，nothing,something,nothing,few,little,much,theone等不定代词时；(2)先行词被形容词最高级所修饰或被theonly,thevery,thelast,any,few,little,no,all,oneof等修饰时：(3)先行词为数词或被序数词（含last)修饰时。（4）先行词是并列词组既有人又有物时。(5)在以who,which开头的句子中为了避免重复。口诀：不定代词这一伙，全用that准没错先行词前有修饰，千万不能用which.请在以下例句中体会以上规则：1.HereissomethingthatIwilltellyou.2.Wehaven’tgotmuchthatwecanofferyou.3.Isittheonethatyouwant4.ThisisthemostinterestingstorythatIhaveeverheard.5.IcanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepicturesthatIsee.6.Whichisthebikethatyoulost7.Whoisthewomanthatwaspraisedatthemeeting（七）只能使用which的情况1.关系代词前有介词时；2.先行词本身是that时；3.非限定定语从句口诀:要有which别着急，介词提前逗隔离。e.g:1.Thisistheclassroominwhichwestudiedfortwoyear.2.Shehastwodolls，whicharefromherparents单项选择：1.Thisisthebag_____mymotherboughtyesterday.A.thatB.whoC.whomD.this2.Thegirl_____yousawinthestreetisMary.A.thatB.whoseC.which?D.as3.Isthisthefactory_____alotofstudentsvisitedyesterdayA.theoneB.whichC.whoD.whom※4.IsthisfactoryalotofstudentsvisitedA.theoneB.whichC.whoD.who5.Theonlylanguage_____iseasytolearnisthemothertongue.A.whichB.thatC./D.it6.Thegirlhandedeverything_____shehadpickedupinthestreettothepolice.A.whichB.inwhichC.thatD.all※7._____cleanstheblackboardshouldbepraised.A.ThatB.WhoC.TheonewhoD.Thestudentswho注意：①当关系词作定语从句的主语时，从句谓语动词的形式应与先行词的人称和数保持一致。②若句中无先行词，先补出先行词再判断用法。（4,7题）完成下列句子：1.这就是救了那个孩子命的医生.whosavedtheboy’slifeThisisthedoctor2.正在跑步的那个人是我的叔叔.whoisrunningThemanismyuncle.3.我看见一位钱包丢失了的妇女。Isawawomanwhosebagwasstolen/whosebagwaslost.4.住在隔壁的那个小伙的是教师.Theyoungmanisateacher.wholivesnextdoor注意：定语从句的时态不受主句影响。【定语从句中考真题演练】1、Therearelotsofthings______Ineedtopreparebeforethetrip.(河北省卷)A.whoB.thatC.whomD.whose2、Jimdislikespeople_______talkmuchbutneverdoanything.（吉林省通化市）A.whomB.whenC.whoseD.who3、—IhearSamhasgonetoQiandiaoforhisholiday.（江苏省南京市）--Oh,hownice!Doyouknowwhenhe_______A.leftB.wasleavingC.hasleftD.hadleft4、Wearetryingtohelpthosechildren____losttheirparentsinYushu,QinghaiProvince.(浙江省衢州市)A.whichB.whenC.whoD.whose5、Doyouknowthegirl_______issingingintheclassroom(湖南长沙)A.whoB.whichC.when6、—ThevolunteersaredoingagreatjobinYushu.（江苏省扬州市）--Yes.Theyarehelpingthepeople______aresufferingfromtheearthquake.A.whichB.whatC./D.who7、Haveyoufoundtheanswertothequestion______Iaskedyouthismorning（四川省成都市）A.whenB.whatC.that8、Friendsarethose____makeyousmile，alwaysopentheirheartstoyouandencourageyoutosucceed.（河南省）AwhichBwhatCwhomDwho9、IbegantoworkinShanghaiintheyear_____HongKongwasreturnedtoChina.（湖北省十堰市）A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when10、Thisistheschool_______Istudiedthreeyearsago.（山东省菏泽市）A.whereB.whenC.thatD.which11、—Whatdoyouusuallydoinyourleisuretime（黑龙江省哈尔滨市）—Ienjoyreadinginthelibrary____________Ilosemyselfinaworldofgoodbooks.A.whichB.thatC.where12、—Thevillage_________Ivisitedlastyearhaschangedalot.（福建省福州市）--ReallyIhopetogothereonday.A.thatB.whoC.when13、Thisismybeautifulschool_______isnearthefamouslibrary.（广西省桂林市）A.whereB.whichC.whoD.when14、Theoldwoman______iswearingapairofglasses______Mrs.Black.（黑龙江省鸡西市）A.which,areB.who,areC.who,is15、Doyoulikemusic_______makesyourelaxed（广西省定西市）A.itB.whatC.whoD.that