2018年高考英语真题分类汇编：记叙文类阅读理解

2018年高考英语真题分类汇编：记叙文类阅读理解2018年高考英语真题分类汇编：记叙文类阅读理解PAGE2018年高考英语真题分类汇编：记叙文类阅读理解2018年高考英语真题分类汇编：记叙文类阅读理解一、阅读理解（共3题；共26分）1.（2018•卷Ⅲ）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。B   Citiesusuallyhaveagoodreasonforbeingwheretheyare,likeanearbyportorriver.Peoplesettleintheseplacesbecausetheyareeasytogettoandnaturallysuitedtocommunicationsandtrade.NewYorkCity,forexample,isnearalargeharbouratthemouthoftheHudsonRiver.Over300yearsitspopulationgrewgraduallyfrom800peopleto8million.Butnotallcitiesdevelopslowlyoveralongperiodoftime.Boomtownsgrowfromnothingalmostovernight.In1896,Dawson,Canada,wasunmappedwilderness(荒野).Butgoldwasdiscoveredtherein1897,andtwoyearslater,itwasoneofthelargestcitiesintheWest,withapopulationof30,000.   DawsondidnothaveanyofthenaturalconveniencesofcitieslikeLondonorParis.Peoplewentthereforgold.Theytravelledoversnow-coveredmountainsandsailedhundredsofmilesupicyrivers.ThepathtoDawsonwascoveredwiththirtyfeetofwetsnowthatcouldfallwithoutwarming.Anavalanche(雪崩)onceclosedthepath,killing63people.FormanywhomadeittoDawson,however,therewardswereworththedifficulttrip.Ofthefirst20,000peoplewhodugforgold,4,000gotrich.About100ofthesestayedrichmenfortherestoftheirlives.   Butnomatterhowrichtheywere,Dawsonwasnevercomfortable.Necessitieslikefoodandwoodwereveryexpensive.Butsoon,thegoldthatDawsondependedonhadallbeenfound.Thecitywascrowdedwithdisappointedpeoplewithnointerestinsettlingdown,andwhentheyheardtherewerenewgolddiscoveriesinAlaska,theyleftDawsonCityasquicklyastheyhadcome.Today,peoplestillcomeandgo—toseewheretheCanadiangoldrushhappened.TourismisnowthechiefindustryofDawsonCity—itspresentpopulationis762.（1）WhatattractedtheearlysettlerstoNewYorkCityA. Itsbusinessculture.                                          B. Itssmallpopulation.C. Itsgeographicalposition.                                D. Itsfavourableclimate.（2）WhatdoweknowaboutthosewhofirstdugforgoldinDawsonA. Two-thirdsofthemstayedthere.                   B. Oneoutoffivepeoplegotrich.C. Almosteveryonegaveup.                               D. Halfofthemdied.（3）WhatwasthemainreasonformanypeopletoleaveDawsonA. Theyfoundthecitytoocrowded.                   B. Theywantedtotrytheirluckelsewhere.C. Theywereunabletostandthewinter.           D. Theywereshortoffood.（4）WhatisthetextmainlyaboutA. Theriseandfallofacity.                                 B. ThegoldrushinCanada.C. Journeysintothewilderness.                          D. TourisminDawson.【答案】（1）C（2）B（3）B（4）A【考点】主旨大意题，细节理解题，社会文化类，记叙文【解析】【 分析 定性数据统计分析pdf销售业绩分析模板建筑结构震害分析销售进度分析表京东商城竞争战略分析 】本文讲述加拿大城市Dawson兴衰的过程。通常一个城市因为它的优越的地理位置而变得越来越繁荣，像纽约，伦敦等，但是也有一些城市能在一夜之间变得拥挤不堪，像加拿大的Dawson，因为金子的发现吸引了上万人来到这里，但是随着金子资源的枯竭人们相继离开了这里，使得这里又变成了一个只有几百人的荒凉之地。（1）细节理解。由题目中的NewYorkCity可以在文章的第一段第二、三句定位：人们在这些地方定居是因为这些地方容易到达，并合适交流和贸易，纽约就是因为在哈德逊河口的一个大海港附近，所以吸引人们去纽约定居的原因是它的地理位置，故答案为C。（2）细节理解。根据题目中的firstdugforgoldinDawson可知答案在第二段最后Ofthefirst20,000peoplewhodugforgold,4,000gotrich，可知在第一批挖金子的2万人中有4千人变富了，也就是五分之一的人致富，故答案为B。（3）细节理解。人们离开Dawson的原因，通过leave在最后一段第四句后半部分 whentheyheardtherewerenewgolddiscoveriesinAlaska,theyleftDawsonCityasquicklyastheyhadcome可知人们离开Dawson的原因是听说阿拉斯加有金子，他们要去哪里碰碰运气，故答案为B。（4）主旨大意。本文首先提到城市兴起的普遍原因，然后话锋一转，在第一段用了Butnotallcitiesdevelopslowlyoveralongperiodoftime，在接下来的文字中讲述加拿大城市Dawson的兴衰过程，可知本文主要是谈论城市的兴衰，故答案为A。【点评】这是一篇记叙文，通过对Dawson的兴衰历程的描写来说明地理位置对于城市的发展是至关重要的。答题时要善于利用题目中的关键词在文章中定位，从而找到符合问题的答案。2.（2018•北京）阅读理解AMyFirstMarathon（马拉松）   Amonthbeforemyfirstmarathon,oneofmyankleswasinjuredandthismeantnotrunningfortwoweeks,leavingmeonlytwoweekstotrain.Yet,Iwasdeterminedtogoahead.   Irememberbacktomy7thyearinschool.Inmyfirst.class,theteacherrequiredustorunlapsandthenhitasoftball.Ididn'tdoeitherwell.HelaterinformedmethatIwas＂notathletic＂.   TheideathatIwas＂notathletic＂stuckwithmeforyears.WhenIstartedrunninginmy30s,Irealizedrunningwasabattleagainstmyself,notaboutcompetitionorwhetherornotIwasathletic.Itwasallaboutthebattleagainstmyownbodyandmind.Atestofwills!   Thenightbeforemymarathon,IdreamtthatIcouldn'tevenfindthefinishline.Iwokeupsweatingandnervous,butreadytoprovesomethingtomyself.   Shortlyaftercrossingthestartline,myshoelaces(鞋带)becameuntied.SoIstoppedtoreadjust.NotthestartIwanted!   Atmile3,Ipassedasign:＂GOFORIT,RUNNERS!＂   Bymile17,Ibecameoutofbreathandtheonceinjuredanklehurtbadly.Despitethepain,Istayedthecoursewalkingabitandthenrunningagain.   Bymile21,Iwasstarving!   AsIapproachedmile23,Icouldseemywifewavingasign.Sheismybiggestfan.Shenevermindedthealarmclocksoundingat4.orquestionedmyexpensesonrunning.   Iwasoneofthefinalrunnerstofinish.ButIfinished!AndIgotamedal.Infact,Igotthesamemedalastheonethattheguywhocameinfirstplacehad.   Determinedtobemyself,moveforward,freeofshameandworldlylabels(世俗标签),Icannowcallmyselfa＂marathonwinner＂.（1）Amonthbeforethemarathon,theauthor____________.A. waswelltrained               B. feltscared               C. madeuphismindtorun               D. losthope（2）Whydidtheauthormentionthe.classinhis7thyear?A. Toacknowledgethesupportofhisteacher.          B. Toamusethereaderswithafunnystory.C. Toshowhewasnottalentedinsports.              D. Toshareapreciousmemory.（3）Howwastheauthor'sfirstmarathonA. Hemadeit.          B. Hequithalfway.          C. Hegotthefirstprize.          D. Hewalkedtotheend.（4）WhatdoesthestorymainlytellusA. Amanoweshissuccesstohisfamilysupport.          B. Awinnerisonewithagreateffortofwill.C. Failureisthemotherofsuccess.                       D. Oneisnevertoooldtolearn.【答案】（1）C（2）C（3）A（4）B【考点】主旨大意题，细节理解题，人物 故事 滥竽充数故事班主任管理故事5分钟二年级语文看图讲故事传统美德小故事50字120个国学经典故事ppt 类，人生百味类，记叙文【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文，作者在参加马拉松前一个月受了伤，训练时间不足，且在初一时就被体育老师说没有运动天赋，但是30多岁的他依然坚持跑完马拉松，突破自我，挑战不可能。⑴细节理解。根据题干中的amonthbeforethemarathon可知答案在第一段，由最后一句Yet,Iwasdeterminedtogoahead可知作者决定参加比赛，故答案为C。⑵细节理解。将题干中的.classinhis7thyear定位在第二段，作者自己在7年纪的时候做得不是很好，后来被老师认为不是一个擅长运动的人，并且第三段提到老师的notathletic一直影响着他，故答案为C。⑶细节理解。从文章倒数第二段Iwasoneofthefinalrunnerstofinish.ButIfinished!AndIgotamedal可知作者坚持到最后，终于做到了，故答案为A。⑷主旨大意。这是一篇记叙文，在最后一段点题：Determinedtobemyself,moveforward,freeofshameandworldlylabels(世俗标签),Icannowcallmyselfa＂marathonwinner＂可知，作者是一个意志坚定，通过不懈努力，最终获得了成功的胜利者，故答案为B。【点评】本文属于励志的故事类阅读，阅读时要通读文章，弄清文章的主旨大意。答题时注意问题中的关键词在文章中的准确定位，根据关键词定位并查找信息，切忌凭感觉做题。3.（2018•天津）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。B   WhenIwas17,IreadamagazinearticleaboutamuseumcalledtheMcNay,oncethehomeofawatercoloristnamedMarianMcNay.Shehadrequestedthecommunitytotumitintoamuseumuponherdeath.OnasunnySaturday,SallyandIdroveovertothemuseum.Sheasked,"Doyouhavetheaddress""No,butI'llrecognizeit,therewasapictureinthemagazine."   "Oh,stop.Thereitis!"   Themuseumwasfree.Weentered,excited.Agroupofpeoplesittinginthehallstoppedtalkingandstaredatus.   "MayIhelpyou"amanasked."No,"Isaid."We'refine."Tourguidesgotonmynerves.Whatiftheytalkedalongtimeaboutapaintingyouweren'tthatinterestedinSallyhadgoneupstairs.Thepeopleinthehallseemedverynosy(爱窥探的),keepingtheireyesonmewithcuriosity.WhatwastheirproblemIsawsomenicesculpturesinoneroom.SuddenlyIsensedamanstandingbehindme."Wheredoyouthinkyouare"heasked.Iturnedsharply."TheMcNayArtMuseum!"Hesmiled,shakinghishead."Sorry,theMcNayisonNewBraunfelsStreet.""What'sthisplace"Iasked,stillconfused."Well,it'sourhome."Myheartjolted(震颤).Iracedtothestaircaseandcalledout,"Sally!Comedownimmediately!"   "There'ssomereallygoodstuff(艺术作品）upthere."Shesteppeddown,lookingconfused.Ipushedhertowardthefrontdoor,wavingatthefamily,saying,"Sorry,pleaseforgiveus,youhaveareallyniceplace."Outside,whenItoldSallywhathappened,shecoveredhermouth,laughing.Shecouldn'tbelievehowlongtheyletuslookaroundwithoutsayinganything.   TherealMcNaywassplendid,butwefeltnervousthewholetimewewerethere.VanGogh,Picasso.Thistime,westayedtogether,incaseanythingelseunusualhappened.   Thirtyyearslater,awomanapproachedmeinapublicplace."Excuseme,didyoueverenteraresidence,longago,thinkingitwastheMcNayMuseum"   "Yes.ButhowdoyouknowWenevertoldanyone."   "Thatwasmyhome.Iwasateenagersittinginthehall.Beforeyoucameover,IneverrealizedwhatabeautifulplaceIlivedin.Ineverfeltluckybefore.Youthoughtitwasamuseum.Myfeelingsaboutmyhomechangedafterthat.I'vealwayswantedtothankyou."（1）WhatdoweknowaboutMarianMcNayA. Shewasapainter.                                            B. Shewasacommunityleader.C. Shewasamuseumdirector.                           D. Shewasajournalist.（2）WhydidtheauthorrefusethehelpfromthemaninthehouseA. Shedislikedpeoplewhowerenosy.               B. Shefeltnervouswhentalkingtostrangers.C. Sheknewmoreaboutartthantheman.         D. Shemistookhimforatourguide.（3）HowdidtheauthorfeelaboutbeingstaredatbythepeopleinthehallA. Puzzled.                       B. Concerned.                       C. Frightened.                       D. Delighted.（4）WhydidtheauthordescribetherealMcNaymuseuminjustafewwordsA. Therealmuseumlackedenoughartworktointeresther.         B. Shewastooupsettospendmuchtimeattherealmuseum.C. TheMcNaywasdisappointingcomparedwiththehouse.         D. Theeventhappeninginthehousewasmoresignificant.（5）WhatcouldwelearnfromthelastparagraphA. Peopleshouldhavegoodtastetoenjoylife.         B. Peopleshouldspendmoretimewiththeirfamily.C. Peopletendtobeblindtothebeautyaroundthem.         D. Peopletendtoeducateteenagersatamuseum.【答案】（1）A（2）D（3）A（4）D（5）C【考点】推理判断题，细节理解题，人物故事类，记叙文【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者和朋友原想参观McNay博物馆，却误将一个私人住宅当成McNay博物馆。30年后，一位女士认出误撞入自己住宅的作者，指出正是因为作者的误撞入才让她意识到自己住的地方有多么美丽。⑴考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“WhenIwas17,IreadamagazinearticleaboutamuseumcalledtheMcNay,oncethehomeofawatercoloristnamedMarianMcNay.”可知，MarianMcNay是一名水彩画家。故选A。⑵考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“‘MayIhelpyou’amanasked.‘No’Isaid.‘We'refine.’Tourguidesgotonmynerves.”可知，导游令作者心烦，作者误认为屋子里的男人是位导游。故选D。⑶考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“Thepeopleinthehallseemedverynosy(爱窥探的),keepingtheireyesonmewithcuriosity.Whatwastheirproblem”大厅的人看起来都非常爱窥探的，眼睛不停的好奇的看着我。他们有什么问题，可以推断出，作者当时感到困惑不解。故选A。⑷考查推理判断。根据全文可知，作者主要在叙述参观误当成McNay博物馆的私人住宅上，这才是文章的重心，所以将真正的McNay博物馆叙述一带而过。故选D。⑸考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Beforeyoucameover,IneverrealizedwhatabeautifulplaceIlivedin.”可知，在作者未造访她家之前，这位女士从未意识到自己住的地方多么美丽，从而可以推断出，人们往往对周围的美而不见。故选C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。