hspice 教程

hspice 教程 TA: Chien-Nan Liu (Office:ED520 TEL:55551 Email:u8511566@cc.nctu.edu.tw) HSPICE Tutorials 1. Introduction: SPICE -- imulation rogram with ntegrated ircuit mphasis, SPICE, developed by U.C. Berkeley. SPICE simulate your electrical circuit designs, based on circuit level, in , the following domains: -- Steady-state (DC Analysis) -- Time (Transient Analysis) -- Frequency (AC Analysis) 2. Flow Chart of Circuit Analysis with SPICE: Schematic CaptureCOMPOSER(CADENCE),for SPICE NetlistECS, WORKVIEW, etc. Decide Types ofDC, Transient, AC, Noise,Analysis to be DoneDistortion, Fourier, etc. Create SPICE input FilePE2, EDIT(DOS), VI, JOE,Including Control StatementsTEXTEDIT(UNIX), etc. Run SPICE UsingHSPICE, IsSPICE, PSpice,SPICE Input FileSPICE2G.6, SPICE3E, etc. Examine SPICE OutputGSI, HSPLOT, PROBE, etc.File and Results AreNOModified DesignResult OK? YES Analysis Completed /Documentations -- P.1 -- HSPICE Tutorials 3. Basic Netlist Structure: Implicit first line; becomes output file Title heading on each page. Comments to describe the circuit. * or $ Set conditions for simulation. .OPTIONS Analysis & temp.Set analysis type, temperature, or other control commands. Set initial conditions or input state. .IC Set global variables. .GLOBAL Parameterizes input element, source, and .PARAM model data ... etc. Source Voltage or current sources. Netlist Circuit netlist descriptions. Device modelsSpecify characteristics of each semi- conductor device in circuit. Set sub-circuit statement .SUBCKT NetlistSub-circuit definition and description. End statement of sub-circuit description. .ENDS Output formatSet output varaibles and its format. Rerun the circuit with changed netlist. .ALTER NetlistThe changed portion in circuit Terminate the simulation. This line always be .END the last in the input netlist file. 4. An Example of Small Circuit: Rs 50 ohmout12 Vgs =R1RLVsCL10V210 Kohm10 Kohm0.1V100pF 0 -- P.2 -- HSPICE Tutorials The netlist file to simulate above circuit is Small signal model of transitor * Enable output of HSPLOT postprocessor files .OPTION POST NOMOD * Transient analysis over interval 0 to 50ms, * with 100us printing increment. .TRAN 100us 50ms * Set initial condition .IC V(out)=0 * Set parameters .PARAM Load=10K * Input sinusoidal wave with amplitude 0-0.1v, frequency 60Hz Vs 1 0 SIN(0v 0.1v 60 0us 0 0) Egs out 0 2 0 10 Rs 1 2 50 R1 2 0 10K RL out 0 Load CL out 0 100P * Observe value: V(1) , V(out) and I(CL) .PRINT tran V(1) V(out) I(CL) * Measure peak value of output .MEAS tran Omax MAX V(out) * Change output load to 5K and run again .ALTER .PARAM Load=5K .END $ End of file 5. Input Format and Conventions: 1) Fields on a line are seperated by one or more blanks( ), a comma(,), an ::equal sign(=), or a left or right parenthesis( or ); extra spaces are ignored. 2) A line may be continued by entering a plus sign('+') in of the column 1 following line. 3) A name field must begin with a letter (A through Z) and cannot contain any delimiters. The first letter of the element name specifies the element type. 4) Nodes may be designed by either alphabets (up to 16 Char.) or by numbers (0 ... 99999999). 5) The ground node be indicated by either the number , the name must0 , or . GND!GND 6) A number field may be an interger number(e.g. 12, -44), a floating point number(e.g. 3.14159), an interger or floating point number followed by -- P.3 -- HSPICE Tutorials an interger exponent(e.g. 1e-14, 2.65e3) or an interger or floating point number followed by one of the listed as following : scale factors = 1e-15 = 1e-12 = 1e-9 = 1e-6 FPNU = 1e-3 = 1e3 = 25.4e-6 = = 1e6 MKMIMEGX = 1e9 = 1e12 = 20log10 =0.305 GTDBFT(Meters) 7) Any letters that are not and immediately follow an entry scale factors number are ignored, with the exception of or . OI 8) 10=10amps=10V=10Hz, and 1Mamps=1Msec=1Mhenry. 9) Unit => Resistor (ohm), Capacitor (farad), Inductor (Henry), Voltage (volt), Current (ampere), Length (meter), Time (second), Frequency (Hertz), Temperature (degree Centigrade, unless specified as Kelvin). 10) The voltage or current output varaible, outvar, is denoted as V(node) or I(element) respectively. Voltage difference between two nodes is de- noted as V(node1, node2). 11) Current is assumed to flow in the direction of voltage drop for nodal voltage and branch current. 12) Quotation marks must be used to specify an algebraic equation. Both single(' ') and double(" ") quotation marks can be used. J = A+B*C , K = 2*J . ''"" 13) Upper and lower case is ignored except as filenames on UNIX. 14)The input file cannot contain lines with more than 80 columns (72 better). 15) Except first line, , and last line, , the order of the remaining Title.END lines is arbitrary (except, of course, that continuous lines must immedi- ately follow the line being continued). 6. Major Control Statements: 1) options .OPTION options : Cause accounting and run time statistics to be ACCT printed at the end of the run. Stops the transient analysis when all the , AUTOSTOPRISE and specified in the measure FALLDELAYS statements are calculated. Causes an element summary listing of the input LIST data to be printed. Causes a nodal cross-refrence table to be printed. NODE Supresses the printout of model parameters. NOMOD -- P.4 -- HSPICE Tutorials Supresses page ejects for title headings. NOPAGE Enables output of HSPLOT postprocessor files. POST Limits the postprocessor output to just the PROBE // variables. PRINTPLOTMEAS = Search a directory for subcircuits that are refer-SEARCH 'directory' enced in the input netlist file, but are not defiened in the input netlist file. It searches the directory specified for files suffixed with and inserts .inc them into netlist file, if they match. Stops printback of the data file until a BRIEF.OPTION or the statement is encountered. BRIEF=0.END It also resets the options and . LISTNODE Prints table of single plate nodal capacitance for CAPTAB diodes, BJTs, MOSFETs, JFETs and passive capacitors at each operating point. 2) [Any comment] .END Terminates input netlist file. 3) (node1)=val1 [ (node2)=val2 ... ] .ICVV Sets initial values of the nodes. 4) (node1)=val1 [ (node2)=val2 ... ] .NODESETVV Seting the nodes to values that are close to the actual DC operating point solution enhances the convergent properties of simulation. 5) parname=val1 [ parname2=val2 ... ] .PARAM Parameterize input element, source, and model data ... etc. The val can be a algebraic expression. 6) node1 [ node2 ... ] .GLOBAL Assign a common node name to subcircuit nodes. 7) [filepath] filename.ext .INCLUDE'' Includes the named file in the netlist file when the simulation is run. 8) temprature .TEMP Set the enviroment temprature in simulation. -- P.5 -- HSPICE Tutorials 7. Analysis Types: 1) .OP -- Computes and prints operating point. var1 start1 stop1 incr1 [ var2 start2 stop2 incr2 ] 2) .DC -- DC sweep analysis. Examples: .DC Vin 0.25 5.0 0.25 $ Sweep Vin from 0.25v to 5v by 0.25v increments. .DC Vds 0 5 0.1 Vgs 0 5 1 $ Sweep Vds from 0v to 5v by 0.1 incr. at Vgs of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5v. .DC TEMP -55 125 25 $ Sweep TEMP from -55C to 125C in 25 degree C increments. type npoint fstart fstop 3) .AC -- AC small-signal analysis. type : measure frequency increase by decade DEC measure frequency increase by octad OCT measure frequency increase linearly LIN Examples: .AC DEC 10 1K 100MEG $ Freq. sweep 10 points per decade for 1kHz to 100MEGHz. .AC LIN 100 1 100hz $ Linear sweep 100 points from 1Hz to 100Hz. tincr1 tstop1 [ tincr2 tstop2 ... ] [ = val ] 4) .TRANSTART -- Transient analysis. Examples: .TRAN 1ns 100ns $ Transient analysis is made from 0 to 100ns and printed per 1ns. .TRAN 0.1ns 25ns 1ns 40ns START = 10ns $ Calculation is made every 0.1ns for the first 25ns, and then every 1ns until 40ns. The printing and plotting begin at 10ns. -- P.6 -- HSPICE Tutorials 8. Source Statements: 1) string n+ n- [[=] dcval] [tranfun] [[=acmag] acphase] VDCAC -- Independent voltage source. Where n+, n- are the positive and negative output nodes. 2) string n+ n- [[=] dcval] [tranfun] [[=acmag] acphase] IDCAC -- Independent current source. Where n+, n- are the positive and negative output nodes. tranfun: ( V1|I1 V2|I2 [ td [ t1 [ t2 [ pw [ period ] ] ] ] ] ) PULSE -- Pulse periodic waveform. Volt V2 V1 Timetdt1pwt2 period ( t1 v1 [ t2 v2 [ t3 v3 [ ... ] ] ] [ ] ) PWLR -- Piece-wise linear waveform. Where means that the waveform is repeated. 'R' Volt V3 V4 V5 V2 V1 Time t1t2t3t4t5 [ ] ] ] ] ) ( Voffset Vamp [ freq [ td [ SIN,, -- Sinusoidal waveform. Where the function is : 0Voffsetttd,,,,Vt(),,,,()ttd,,VoffsetVampefreqttdtdttstop，,，,,**sin{[*()/]},2360,,, -- P.7 -- HSPICE Tutorials 3) string n+ n- nc+ nc- Vgain [ = val ] [ = val ] EMAXMIN -- Voltage control voltage source (VCVS). Where n+, n- are the positive and negative output nodes; nc+, nc- are the positive and negative nodes of the controlling voltage. 4) string n+ n- Vname Igain [ = val ] [ = val ] FMAXMIN -- Current control current source (CCCS). Where n+, n- are the positive and negative output nodes; Vname is the element whose current is the controlling one. 5) string n+ n- nc+ nc- Ggain [ = val ] [ = val ] GMAXMIN -- Voltage control current source (VCCS). Where n+, n- are the positive and negative output nodes; nc+, nc- are the positive and negative nodes of the controlling voltage. 6) string n+ n- Vname Rgain [ = val ] [ = val ] HMAXMIN -- Current control voltage source (CCVS). Where n+, n- are the positive and negative output nodes; Vname is the element whose current is the controlling one. 9. Element Statements: SPICE allows the following key types of elements : 1) string n+ n- Rval R -- Resistor. 2) string n+ n- Cval [ =Vval ] CIC -- Capacitor. 3) string n+ n- Lval [ =Cval ] LIC -- Inductor. 4) string n+ n- mname [ =val ] [] [ =vd ] [=val] DAREAOFFICM -- Diode. mname: the model name of the diode in library. M=val: the number of device paralleled. 5) string nc nb ne [ns] mname [ =val ] [ =val ] QAREAAREAB +[ =val ] [ =val ] [ =val ] [=val] [] AREACVBEVCEMOFF -- Bipolar junction transistor (BJT). 6) string nd ng ns [nb] mname [ =val ] [ =val ] [ =val ] JLWVDS +[ =val ] [=val] [] VGSMOFF -- Junction field effect transistor (JFET). 7) string nd ng ns [nb] mname [ =val ] [ =val ] [ =val ] MLWAD +[ =val ] [ =val ] [ =val ] [ =vds,vgs,vbs ] [=val] ASPDPSICM -- MOSFET. -- P.8 -- HSPICE Tutorials 10. MODEL Statement: mname type [ parname1=val1 parname=val2 ... ] .MODEL mname The model name reference. Elements must refer to the model by this name. Type Select the model type. Avaliable types are , , , , , RCLDAMP , , , , , and . NPNPNPNMOSPMOSNJFPJF Parnames The parameter names. They must be assigned from the list of parameter names for the appropriate model type. statement defines the semiconductor component's parameters .MODEL needed in simulation. These parameters are often given by the foundry, so that the circuit designers don't have to waste time on measuring these para- meters. Examples: M1 D G S B NCH W=2u L=1u .MODEL NCH NMOS WMIN=1.5u WMAX=3u LMIN=0.8u LMAX=2u 11. Library Statements: 1) Library Call : [filepath] filename.ext entryname .LIB'' 2) Library Definition : entryname1 .LIB Any valid set of HSPICE statements. entryname1 .ENDL entryname2 .LIB Any valid set of HSPICE statements. entryname2 .ENDL (continued) Libraries can be built using the statement in a library file. For each .LIB library macro, the statement begins the library macro, and .LIB the statement ends it. .ENDL -- P.9 -- HSPICE Tutorials 12. Subcircuit/Macro Statements: 1) Subcircuit/Macro Call : string n1 [ n2 ... nN ] subname [ parname=val ... ] X 2) Subcircuit Definition : subname n1 [ n2 ... ] [ parname=val ... ] .SUBCKT subcircuit netlist descriptions [ subname ] .ENDS parname=val --- Set the parameter "parname" to a value. 3) Macro Definition : subname n1 [ n2 ... ] [ parname=val ... ] .MACRO subcircuit netlist descriptions [ subname ] .EOM ◎ In subcircuit, all nodes are except strictly localGROUND NODE (0)and nodes specified in statement. .GLOBAL Examples : .PARAM VCC=5V .GLOBAL VCC X1 1 2 invsub mult=3 ..... .SUBCKT invsub IN OUT MULT=1 M1 OUT IN VCC VCC P W=4u L=2u M=mult $ M gets 3 from Call M2 OUT IN 0 0 N W=4u L=2u M=mult C1 OUT 99 10p $ Node 0 not mentioned in CALL, Node 99 is local. R1 99 0 10 .ENDS $ output variables .PRINT I( X1.M1 ) .PRINT V( X1.99 ) .PRINT V( 1 ) $ Since IN and OUT have been replaced by nodes 1 and 2, respectively. .END -- P.10 -- HSPICE Tutorials 13. ALTER Statement: .ALTER Circuit/analysis/parameter redefinition .ALTER Circuit/analysis/parameter redefinition . . . .END specifies that a simulation be rerun several times using different .ALTER circuit topologies, models, library components, elements, parameter values, test vectors, source stimulus (must parameterize), analysis variables and print/plot commands (must parameterize). 14. Output Format: ◎ The valid output variable, outvar, format has described a little in Section 5. Nodes or element within an subcircuit are indicated with an associ- ated full name such as stringnode. e.g., indicates the node X.X12.9999 in subcircuit . X12 1) outvar1 [ outvar2 ... outvar32 ] .PRINTDC|AC|TRAN -- Prints output variable to output file or line printer. Examples : .PRINT tran V(4) I(vin) par( ' V(out)/V(in) ' ) $ Print results of transient analysis for nodal voltage named 4, current through voltage source named vin, and the ratio of the nodal voltage at node 'out' and 'in'. .PRINT AC VM(4,2) VR(7) VP(8,3) Ii(R1) $ Print AC magnitude of the voltage difference between nodes 4 and 2, real part of the AC voltage between nodes 7 and ground. VP is phase difference between nodes 8 and 3. Ii is the imaginary part of the current through element R1. 2) outvar1 [ outvar2 ... outvar32 ] .PLOTDC|AC|TRAN -- Plots output variable to output file or line printer. -- P.11 -- HSPICE Tutorials 3) measure_name .MEASDC|AC|TRAN + outvar1 =trig_val [=td] [#crosses] TRIGVALTDCROSS= + [=#rises] [=#falls] RISEFALL + outvar2 =trig_val [=td] [=#crosses] TARGVALTDCROSS + [=#rises] [=#falls] RISEFALL -- Measure rise, fall and delay time. Examples : .MEAS TRAN tphl TRIG V(in) VAL=2.5V RISE=1 + TARG V(out) VAL=2.5V FALL=1 .MEAS TRAN tperiod TRIG V(in) VAL=2.5V CROSS=1 + TARG V(in) VAL=2.5V CROSS=3 Volt 5VV(in) 0V 5VV(out) 0VTimetphl tperiod 4) measure_name .MEASDC|TRAN|ACAVG|MAX|MIN|PP|RMS+ outvar [ =value ] [ =value ] FROMTO -- Measure Average, MAX, MIN, Peak to Peak, and RMS value. Examples : .MEAS DC Imax MAX I(RL) $ Measure the maximum current in RL. 5) measure_name .MEASDC|TRAN|AC + [ outvar1] outvar2=val (or outvar3) [=td] FINDWHENTD + [=#crosses] [=#rises] [=#falls] CROSSRISEFALL -- Measure data at some point. Examples : .MEAS DC Iddq FIND I(M1) WHEN V(in)=5v CROSS=1 $ Measure the current in M1(PMOS) when it is off. 6) measure_name .MEASDC|TRAN|AC + =algebraic expression PARAM'' -- Calculate algebraic equation. -- P.12 -- HSPICE Tutorials 15. HSPLOT Postprocessor: 1) After running , filename will be generated with HSPICE.tr0/sw0/ac0 respect to the analysis types . If multiple TRAN/DC/AC.ALTER statement had invoked in netlist file, the additive corresponding files, named filename ... filename., will be gen-.tr1/sw1/ac1trN/swN/acN erated. 2) Before running , make sure that the HSPLOT"setenvDISPLAY Local_ip_address has be executed. (You can type : 0.0""ypcat hosts | hostname" in local station to get your Local_ip_address) grep 3) For transient analysis, type filename then an interactive "hsplot.tr0" menu shows up. 4) After entering graphic mode, type to invoke print command then 'p' select (laser) to generate a filename in PostScript format. '1'.gr0 5) In local station, get the filename file from remote shell by utility, .gr0ftp then type filename(in ED415) to make a hardcopy. If "lpr -Pslw.gr0" your account is in Computer Center, type filename, "lpr -Plaser.gr0" then you can get your graph in the service counter. 6) By the way, a more convenient tool named is avaliable now. You GSI can try to use it. Just type and enjoy it. "gsi" 16. Some Suggestions: 1) In general, the size of files is relatively very large so that the .trx personal disk quotas may not enough to save your files. Conse-.trx quently the limitation may cause HSPICE's work to be blocked. To solve this situation, a solution is to involving the option in PROBE.OPTION statement to efficiently reduce the size of . .trx 2) Use that associates with to speed up your analysis. .ALTER.PARAM 3) If circuit contains any Bi-stable, Mono-stable or Astable subcircuit, use to help the operating point computation converges. .NODESET 4) For easily distinguishing individual curves, change the plot symbol frequency () in the main menu of HSPLOT to get a suitable interval f among symbols. -- P.13 -- HSPICE Tutorials 5) For measuring branch current of appropriate device, insert a dummy voltage source with into branch so that the branch current can be value 0 gotten, on HSPLOT, by measuring the corresponding current flowing through the dummy voltage source. 17. Further Reading: 1) "HSPICE User's Manual H9001", Meta-Software, California, 1990. 2) "HSPICE Training Manual", CIC. 3) Paul W. Tuinenga. "SPICE - A Guide to Circuit Simulation & Analysis Using PSPICE", 2nd Edition, Printice-Hall, New Jersey, 1992. -- P.14 --