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课堂教学札记两则

一、认识同位语及同位语从句

1. 同位语

著名的英语语法大家薄冰说，“当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时，一个句子成分可用来说明或解释另一个句子成分，前者就叫做后者的同位语 （appositive）”。而充当同位语的多为名词或代词，有时也可用数词、形容词、不定式或动名词等充当同位语。

如：We， the Chinese people， are determined to build China into a powerful and prosperous country.

我们中国人民决心将中国建设成一个强大繁荣的国家。

They all wanted to see the film. 他们都想看电影。

Are you two ready？ 你们俩都准备好了吗？

He read all kinds of books， ancient and modern， Chinese and foreign. 他读各种各样的 书 关于书的成语关于读书的排比句社区图书漂流公约怎么写关于读书的小报汉书pdf ， 古今中外的都有。

Our suggestion， to concentrate on primary education， has got many supporters. 我们的集中全力于初等教育的建议得到了很多人的支持。

The first proposal， working at night， was turned down. 第一个建议，“挑灯夜战”，被拒绝了。

2. 同位语从句

1） 同位语从句， 通俗地讲，就是在主从复合句中，用一个从句，放在某些名词后面，用来说明这些名词的具体 内容 财务内部控制制度的内容财务内部控制制度的内容人员招聘与配置的内容项目成本控制的内容消防安全演练内容 。

I heard the news that our team had won.我听到了我们队获胜的消息。

He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not. 他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。

I have no idea when she will come. 我不知道她什么时候来。

2） 后常接同位语从句的名词有news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，words，possibility等。

如：Ive come from Mr. Wang with a message that he wont be able to see you this afternoon. 我从王先生那里带来口信他今天下午不能来看你了。

I have no idea what he said at the meeting. 我不知道他在会上说了些什么。

There is some doubt whether he is the best man for the job. 他是不是担任那项工作的最佳人选，有点疑问。

Is there any possibility that he will be elected chairman？ 他有被选为主席的可能吗？

3） 引导同位语从句的连接词及其功能与特点

连接词功能与特点例句

连接词

that，

whether

同位语从句意义完整，应用that引导同位语从句。

that 在从句中不担任任何成分，仅起连接作用，无语义，不可省略。The general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once.

They were worried over the fact that you were sick.

The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true.

同位语从句意义不完整，需 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 达“是否”的含义，应用whether引导同位语从句。whether 在从句中不担任任何成分，仅起连接作用，但有语义。

（if不能引导同位语从句）Answer my question whether you are coming.

The question whether it is right or wrong depends on the result.

连接代词

who， what， whose， which既起连接作用，又有语意，同时在从句中担任成分（主语、宾语、表语或定语）。The question who should do the work requires consideration.

Have you any idea what time it starts？

We dont understand the problem why this is the best choice.

连接副词

when， where， why， how同位语从句意义不完整，需表达“什么时候”、“什么地点”、“什么方式”等含义，应用when， where， why，how等词引导同位语从句。他们既起连接作用， 又有语义，同时在从句中还担任“状语”成分。I have no idea when he will be back.

I have no idea where I should go.

We dont understand the problem why this is the best choice.

I have no impression how he went home， perhaps by bike.

4） 值得注意的是，在那些表示“建议、命令、 要求 对教师党员的评价套管和固井爆破片与爆破装置仓库管理基本要求三甲医院都需要复审吗 ”等意义的名词（如suggestion，advice，order， demand， requirement等）后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气。

如：There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team. 有一项建议是布朗应该离队。

They expressed the wish that she accept the award. 他们表示希望她接受这笔奖金。

5） 有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面，而被别的词 （谓语或状语部分）隔开。

The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city. 他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了。

The story goes that he often beats his wife. 传说他经常打老婆。

同位语从句巩固练习

1. Theres a feeling in me well never know what a UFO is—not ever.

A. thatB. which

C. of whichD. what

2. There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars road conditions need.

A. that； to be improved

B. which； to be improved

C. where； improving

D. when； improving

3. Do you have any idea is actually going on in the classroom？

A. thatB. which

C. asD. what

4. Danby left word with my secretary he would call again in the afternoon.

A. whoB. that

C. asD. which

5. —Its thirty years since we last met.

—But I still remember the story， believe it or not， we got lost on a rainy night.

A. whichB. what

C. that D. when

6. Tomorrow is Toms birthday. Have you got any idea the party is to be held？

A. thatB. which

C. whatD. where

7. A warm thought suddenly came to me I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mothers birthday.

A. ifB. when

C. thatD. which

8. The fact has worried many scientists the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.

A. whatB. which

C. thatD. though

9. News came from the school office Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University.

A. whichB. what

C. whereD. that

10. —Is there any possibility you could pick me up at the airport？

—No problem.

A. whenB. that

C. whetherD. what

参考 答案 八年级地理上册填图题岩土工程勘察试题省略号的作用及举例应急救援安全知识车间5s试题及答案 ：1—5 AADBC6—10 DCCDB

二、“去枝叶留主干移位置”破解长难句

随着词汇量和阅读量的增加，不少学生本以为阅读应无多大困难，但事实却相反，更会经常遇到许多又长又难以理解的句子。如何破解这一困境：

（一） 了解长难句的成因

一般来说，造成长难句的原因有： （1） 过多的修饰语；（2） 多并列成份； （3） 语言结构层次多。

（二） 掌握破解理解长难句的基本方法

1. 要掌握英语句式的基本结构和基本句式

1） 简单句的五种基本句型：（其他各种句子都可由这些基本句型扩展或变化而成。）

① 主语+系动词+表语如：He is a student.

② 主语+不及物动词如：We work.

③ 主语+及物动词+宾语如：Henry bought a dictionary.

④ 主语+及物动词+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）如：My father bought me a car.

⑤ 主语+及物动词+复合宾语（宾语+宾补）如：Tom made the baby laugh.

2） 句子种类

（1） 按句子的用途可分为四种：

A. 陈述句（肯定、否定）

如：He is six years old.

She didnt hear of you before.

B. 疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）

如： Do they like skating？

How old is he？

Is he six or seven years old？