初中英语反义疑问句的用法归纳[教材]

初中英语反义疑问句的用法归纳[教材] 初中英语反义疑问句的用法归纳 反义疑问句 (1)反意疑问句要点简述 反意疑问句又叫附加疑问句，是在陈述句后，对陈述句所叙述的事实提出的疑问。其基本结构有两种:一是“肯定陈述句，简略否定问句”;二是“否定陈述句，简略肯定问句”。反意疑问句后一部分的主谓与前一部分的主谓要保持人称及助动词等方面的一致。这种疑问句的回答要根据事实，肯定的用“Yes, „”。否定的用“No, „”。如: It looks like rain, doesn’t it? He doesn’t need to work so late, does he? (2)学习反意疑问句，特别要注意的问题 1)陈述部分的主语是this, that时，疑问部分的主语多用it;陈述部分的主语是these, those时，疑问部分的主语多用they。如: This is a dictionary, isn’t it? Those are shelves, aren’t they? 2)陈述句如果是there be结构时，疑问句部分仍用there。如: There once was a man named Saint Nicholas, wasn’t there? 3)在英语口语中，“I am + 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 语结构”，后面的反意疑问句多用aren’t I来体现。如: I am very interested in learning English, aren’t I? 4)陈述句的主语是动词不定式，动词的-ing形式或从句时，疑问部分的主语多用it来体现。如: Taking care of our environment is very important, isn’t it? What he said is right, isn’t it? 5)陈述句中含有not, no, hardly, neither, never, few, little, too „to等否定词或具有否定意义的词时，疑问部分常用肯定形式。 如: Few people knew the news, did they? Tom has never been to England , has he? 但陈述句中如果带有否定意义的前缀和后缀的单词时，整个句 子仍视为肯定句，反意疑问部分多用否定形式。如: She is unhappy, isn’t she? 6)陈述句的主语是nobody, no one, everyone, somebody等不定 代词时，反意疑问部分的主语多用they(当强调全体时)或he(当 强调个体时)。如果陈述句的主语是something, nothing, anything, everything等不定代词时，反意疑问部分的主语多用it。如: No one knows him, do they? Someone is waiting for you, isn’t he? Nobody says a word about the accident, do they? Everything seems all right, doesn’t it? 7)陈述句是主从复合句时，如果主句的谓语动词是think, believe, expect, feel, guess等词，且主语是第一人称I或we时，反意疑 问部分的人称、时态与宾语从句保持一致，同时还要考虑到否定的转 移(否定前移)。如: I believe that the boy can get a ticket for you, can’t he? I don't think he is bright, is he? We believe she can do it better, can't she? 若是第二第三人称的话，反义疑问句应该看主句:She thought it is meaningless，didn't she, 如果是转述的要注意:He said that you were in hospital，weren't you?(这里是对着那个you说的) 8)祈使句的反义疑问句中:let's 的要用shall we;let us 的要用will you;其他形式的都用will you。如:Go and get it for me, won't you?去帮我取个东西，好吗, Let's meet at the airport, shall we ? 我们在机场碰头，行不行, Have a little more wine, will you ? 喝点儿酒，好吗, 9)must的反义疑问句:陈述部分有must 的疑问句，疑问部分根据实际情况而定。 A(must表示“应该”，其疑问部分用mustn't(不应该)，如: You must work hard next term, mustn't you ? 下学期你应该努力学习，对吗, B(must表示“必须”，其疑问部分用needn't(不必)，如: They must finish the work today, needn’t they? 他们今 天必须要完成这项工作，是吗, C(陈述部分含情态动词mustn't，表示禁止时，疑问部分就可以用must或may，如: You mustn’t stop your car here, must you? (may we?) 你不能把车停在这地方，知道吗, D(must表示推测 ，其疑问部分必须与must 后面的主要动词相呼应。如: ?对现在动作或存在的情况的推测 : You must know the answer to the exercise, don't you? 你一定知道这项练习的答案，是不是, That must be your bed, isn't it? 那一定是你的床，是吗, ?对过去发生的动作或存在的情况的推测:句中陈述部分没有表 示过去的时间状语，这时疑问部分中的动词就用现在完成时。(haven’t / hasn’t + 主语) You must have told her about it, haven’t you? 你一定 把这事告诉她了，是吗, 10)have作为动词的反义疑问句: ?have to 的短语，且只充当一般动词的作用，助动词为do,does,和普通的一般疑问句没有任何差别，提问还是用do,does引导。 We have to finish it ,don't we? ?当用have,has做助动词的时候，疑问句才用它们引导,如: She has seen it,hasn't she,这里的助动词就是has ?当陈述部分有had better,或其中的have表示完成时态时，疑问句应用hadn’t等开头: You’d better get up early, hadn’t you? ?其他情况句中有have时疑问句应用don't等开头;如have表示“有”的时候，有两种形式:do或 have He has two sisters,doesn't he? =He has two sisters,hasn't he? He doesn't have any sisters, does he? ?当must+have done表示对过去的情况进行推测(一般句中有明确的过去时间状语)，问句要根据陈述部分谓语的情况用“didn't+主语”或“wasn't/weren't+主语”; 如果强调动作的完成(一般没有明确的过去时间状语)，问句要用“haven't/hasn't+主语”。 She must have read the novel last week,didn't she? 她上星期一定读了这本小说，是吗, You must have told her about it, haven't you?你一定把这事告诉她了，是吗, 11)带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句，疑问部分常用 need (dare ) +主语。 We need not do it again, need we ? He dare not say so, dare you? 当dare, need 为实义动词时，疑问部分用助动词do + 主语。 She doesn't dare to go home alone, does she? 12)感叹句中，疑问部分用be +主语。 What colours, aren't they? What a smell, isn't it? 13)陈述部分由neither„ nor, either„ or 连接的并列主语时，疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。 Neither you nor I am engineer, are we? 14)陈述部分的谓语是wish，疑问部分要用may +主语。 I wish to have a word with you, may I? 15) 含有ought to 的反意疑问句，陈述部分是肯定的，疑问部 分用shouldn't / oughtn't +主语。 He ought to know what to do, oughtn't he? / shouldn't he? 16) 陈述部分的谓语是used to 时，疑问部分用didn't +主语或 usedn't +主语。 He used to take pictures there, didn't he? / usedn't he? 17) 陈述部分有would rather +v.，疑问部分多用 wouldn't + 主语。 He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn't he? 18) 陈述部分有You'd like to +v. 疑问部分用wouldn't +主语。 You'd like to go with me, wouldn't you? 对反意疑问句的回答，无论问题的提法如何，如果事实是肯定的，就用yes，事实是否定的，就要用no。要特别注意陈述句部分是否定结构，反意疑问句部分用肯定式提问时，回答yes或no与汉语正好相反。这种省略回答的yes要译成“不”，no要译成“是”。 例 ---He likes playing football, doesn’t he? 他喜欢踢足球， 是吗, ---Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t. 是的。/ 不是。 ---His sister didn’t attend the meeting, did she? 他妹妹 没有参加会议，是吗, ---Yes, she did. / No, she didn’t. 不，她参加了。/ 是的，她没参加。 ?? ?? ?? ??