大学英语精读第三版第四册课文及课文翻译

大学英语精读第三版第四册课文及课文翻译 Unit 1 Two college-age boys, unaware that making money usually involves hard work, are tempted by an advertisement that promises them an easy way to earn a lot of money. The boys soon learn that if something seems to good to be true, it probably is. 一大男孩～不楚赚赚需要付出赚苦的赚赚～被一赚赚赚松赚大赚的告吸引了。男孩赚快就个学清份广很 明白～如果事情看起好得不像的～那多半赚不是的。 来真确真 赚赚松松赚大赚BIG BUCKS THE EASY WAY "You ought to look into this," I suggested to our two college-age sons. "It might be a way to avoid the indignity of having to ask for money all the time." I handed them some magazines in a plastic bag someone bad hung on our doorknob. A message printed on the bag offered leisurely, lucrative work ("Big Bucks the Easy Way!") of delivering more such bags. “赚赚看看赚～”我向我赚的赚大的子建赚道。“赚若想避免因赚老是向人赚赚而有你个两个学儿你 失尊赚的赚～赚赚赚是一赚赚法。”我在我赚赚把手上的、在一塑料袋里的本赚志拿赚他赚。塑将挂装个几 料袋上印着一信息赚～需要招聘人投赚赚赚的袋子～赚活赚松又赚赚。;“赚赚松松赚大赚条儿既, !” 我不在乎失不失尊赚～”大子回答赚。 儿"I don't mind the indignity," the older one answered. “ 我可以忍受～”他的弟弟附和道。 "I can live with it," his brother agreed. “ ～"But it pains me," I said"to find that you both have been panhandling so long that it no longer 看到赚赚伸手赚赚赚赚了一点也不感到赚的赚子～使我痛心～”我赚。 你尬真embarrasses you." “ The boys said they would look into the magazine-delivery thing. Pleased, I left town on a business trip. By midnight I was comfortably settled in a hotel room far from home. The phone 孩子赚赚他赚可以考赚考赚投赚赚志rang. It was my wife. She wanted to know how my day had gone. 的事。我了高赚～便城出差去了。午夜赚分～我已赚家赚～在一家旅赚的房赚里舒舒服服听很离离 住了下。赚赚赚了～是妻子打的。想知道我赚一天赚得可好。 来响来她 好了极我赚高采烈地赚。“赚得赚赚你怎"Great!" I enthused. "How was your day?" I inquired. “!”?” 我赚道。 "Super!" She snapped. "Just super! And it's only getting started. Another truck just pulled up out 棒了极她声挖真大苦道。“棒而且赚赚赚赚是赚始。又一赚赚赚在赚前停下。” 个卡front." “!”! 又一赚赚卡"Another truck?" “?” "The third one this evening. The first delivered four thousand Montgomery Wards. The second brought four thousand Sears, Roebucks. I don't know what this one has, but I'm sure it will be four thousand of something. Since you are responsible, I thought you might like to know what's 今赚第三赚了。第一赚了四千蒙哥赚利运来份沃德百赚公司的告～第二赚四千广运来happening. “- 份西赚斯赚伯克百赚公司的告。我不知道赚一赚的赚～但我肯定又是四千什赚的。然赚事是广装份既- 你你促成的～我想或赚想了解事情的赚展。” What I was being blamed for, it turned out, was a newspaper strike which made it necessary to hand-deliver the advertising inserts that normally are included with the Sunday paper. The company had promised our boys $600 for delivering these inserts to 4,000 houses by Sunday 我之所以受到指赚～事情原是赚赚,由于赚生了一起赚赚工人赚工～通常赚在星期日赚赚来morning. 里的告赚～必赚派人直接投送出去。公司答赚赚我赚的孩子六百美金～任赚是赚些告赚在广插将广插 星期天早晨之前投赚到四千赚人家去。 不赚吹灰之力我赚上大的大子道。 学儿嚷"Piece of cake!" our older college son had shouted. “!” 六百赚" Six hundred bucks!" His brother had echoed, "And we can do the job in two hours!" “!” 他的弟弟赚道～“我赚赚点就能干完声两个!” "Both the Sears and Ward ads are four newspaper-size pages," my wife informed me. "There are thirty-two thousand pages of advertising on our porch. Even as we speak, two big guys are 西赚斯和沃德的告通广carrying armloads of paper up the walk. What do we do about all this?" “ 常都是赚赚那赚大的四赚～”妻子告赚我赚～“赚在我赚赚廊上堆着三万二千赚告。就在我赚赚赚的广当 儿两个个捆广来广怎～大子正各抱着一大告走赚。赚赚多告～我赚可赚赚?” "Just tell the boys to get busy," I instructed. "They're college men. They'll do what they have to 你学赚孩子赚快干～”我指示赚。“他赚都是大生了。他赚自己的事得由他赚自己去做。” do." “ At noon the following day I returned to the hotel and found an urgent message to telephone my wife. Her voice was unnaturally high and quavering. There had been several more truckloads of ad inserts. "They're for department stores, dime stores, drugstores, grocery stores, auto stores and so on. Some are whole magazine sections. We have hundreds of thousands, maybe millions, of pages of advertising here! They are crammed wall-to-wall all through the house in stacks taller than your oldest son. There's only enough room for people to walk in, take one each of the eleven inserts, roll them together, slip a rubber band around them and slide them into a plastic bag. We have enough plastic bags to supply every takeout restaurant in America!" Her voice kept rising, as if working its way out of the range of the human ear. "All this must be delivered by seven o'clock 第二天中午～我回到旅赚～看到一赚急留言～要我赚上赚妻子回赚赚。的份她声Sunday morning." 音高得不自然～而且有些赚。家里又到了好赚的告赚。“有百赚公司的～廉价商很抖运几卡广插 店的～赚赚店的～食品店的～汽赚行的～等等。有些像整本赚志那赚厚。我赚赚里有十万赚～赚不定数 是百万赚的告几广我赚家整房子赚赚到西赚～南赚到北赚赚赚堆赚了告～一堆又一堆～比个从从广你! 大子赚要高。赚在只剩下一点点空赚～赚赚一人走赚去～十一赚赚中各取一～卷在一起～儿个从插份 套上橡皮筋～再塞赚一只塑料袋。我赚的塑料袋足赚供赚全美所有的外赚餐赚内她声响越赚音越～!” 几广乎震耳欲赚。“赚赚多的告必赚在星期日早晨七点以前赚赚送出去。” "Well, you had better get those guys banding and sliding as fast as they can, and I'll talk to you 赚～最好赚孩子赚快地袋～等我再赚。我有午餐赚你尽捆扎装会儿跟你个later. Got a lunch date. “ 会。” 我餐后回～妻子又打一只赚急来来When I returned, there was another urgent call from my wife. 赚赚。 "Did you have a nice lunch?" she asked sweetly. I had had a marvelous steak, but knew better by 你吧午餐吃得不赚她悦声极学用耳的音赚道。我吃的牛排好了～但赚次我now than to say so. “?” 乖了～赚是不赚赚妙。 糟透了～”我赚告赚。“一赚什赚酸溜"Awful," I reported. "Some sort of sour fish. Eel, I think." “ 溜的赚～我想大是赚赚。” 概吧 "Good. Your college sons have hired their younger brothers and sisters and a couple of neighborhood children to help for five dollars each. Assembly lines have been set up. In the 不赚。的大生子已赚嘛你学儿雇了他赚的弟弟妹妹language of diplomacy, there is 'movement.'" “ 和三赚两个帮来居的小孩忙～工赚一人五赚～建起了流水作赚赚。用外交赚赚赚～事情‘有赚展’。” 赚赚确令人鼓舞。” "That's encouraging." “ "No, it's not," she corrected. "It's very discouraging. They're been as it for hours. Plastic bags have been filled and piled to the ceiling, but all this hasn't made a dent, not a dent, in the situation! 不～并她非如此～”赚正赚。“相反～It's almost as if the inserts keep reproducing themselves!" “ 非常叫人泄气几个装很。他赚干了好小赚了。好的塑料袋～一直堆到天花板～但一切努力收效 小。赚些告广来宣赚品赚直就像是不停地自行生赚出一赚!” "Another thing," she continued. "Your college sons must learn that one does not get the best out 赚有一件事～”接着赚～“那上大她你学of employees by threatening them with bodily harm. “ 的子必赚明白～儿威赚雇赚～赚要赚他赚～是不可能使他赚赚力的。” Obtaining an audience with son NO. 1, I snarled, "I'll kill you if threaten one of those kids again! Idiot! You should be offering a bonus of a dollar every hour to the worker who fills 我大子一通上赚～便跟儿你你气咆哮道～“如果再威赚那些孩子～我就赚不客the most bags. 了白痴你装励赚赚赚赚金～赚袋最多的工人每小赚赚一赚。”!! 可那要减啦少我赚的利赚～”他提醒道。 "But that would cut into our profit," he suggested. “ "There won't be any profit unless those kids enable you to make all the deliveries on time. If they don't, you two will have to remove all that paper by yourselves. And there will be no 那些孩子不帮你将广你按赚所有的告投送出去～就什eating or sleeping until it is removed." “ 赚利赚也得不到。如果他赚不干～赚赚就得赚手你广它你搬走所有的告。而在把赚搬掉之前～赚吃不 成～也睡不成。” There was a short, thoughtful silence. Then he said, "Dad, you have just worked a profound 赚赚里出赚了短赚的沉爸爸你默～他在思考。接着～他赚～“～赚才使change in my personality." 我深受启迪～令我恍然大悟。” 那就干吧"Do it!" “!” 是～赚下"Yes, sir!" “!” By the following evening, there was much for my wife to report. The bonus program had worked until someone demanded to see the color of cash. Then some activist on the work force claimed that the workers had no business settling for $5 and a few competitive bonuses while the bossed collected hundreds of dollars each. The organizer had declared that all the workers were entitled to 到第二天傍赚～我妻子$5 per hour! They would not work another minute until the bosses agreed. 就有赚多事赚告了。赚金赚行之有划来来效～可后有人赚能否赚赚 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 示赚疑～提出把赚拿出赚大家看看。 接着工人赚伍里的一位活赚家～老声称几决没板每人拿百赚赚～工人赚有理由赚足于每人五赚外加 一点点赚争达性的赚金。赚工赚赚人宣布～所有工人的工赚都赚赚到每小赚五赚赚在老板答赚之前～他赚! 不再干活～一分赚也不干。 儿 The strike lasted less than two hours. In mediation, the parties agreed on $2 per hour. Gradually, 赚工持赚了不到两双达两小赚。通赚赚解～方成赚赚～每小赚赚。赚赚地～the huge stacks began to shrink. 大堆的告赚始广减少。 As it turned out, the job was completed three hours before Sunday's 7 a.m. deadline. By the time I arrived home, the boys had already settled their accounts: $150 in labor costs, $40 for gasoline, and a like amount for gifts—boxes of candy for saintly neighbors who had volunteered station wagons and help in delivery and dozen roses for their mother. This left them with $185 each — about two-thirds the minimum wage for the 91 hours they worked. Still, it was "enough", as one of them put it, to enable them to "avoid indignity" for quite a while. 赚果～全部工作比最后限期星期日早晨七点提前三个小赚完成。等我回到家里～孩子赚已赚赚了赚。 赚赚支出元～汽油赚元～赚有元赚品礼——几盒糖果～送赚赚于助人的赚居～他赚主赚赚150????4040 出自家的赚帮玫瑰助投赚～赚有一打送赚他赚的母赚。除去以上赚支～他赚每人得到元——大赚相185 当于他赚所干的小赚的最低工赚的三分之二。赚然如此～可正如一子所赚～那赚是“足赚”个儿91 他赚花一赚子～使他赚“避免那赚有失尊赚的事。” All went well for some weeks. Then one Saturday morning my attention was drawn to the odd goings-on of our two youngest sons. They kept carrying carton after carton from various corners of the house out the front door to curbside. I assumed their mother had enlisted them to remove 几个很星期赚去了～一切都junk for a trash pickup. Then I overheard them discussing finances. 好。后～一星期六的上午～我赚来个两个儿将个小子的奇怪赚赚引起了我的注意。他赚不停地一 又一的赚个从清箱房屋四赚的角落里搬出～赚赚前赚～送到人行道赚。我以赚他赚的赚赚在指赚他赚除破 赚～好赚赚走。正在赚赚～我赚到他赚在赚赚赚赚赚赚。 垃圾运呢听 赚～我赚赚赚多赚会呢"Geez, we're going to make a lot of money!" “!” 我赚要赚赚啦"We're going to be rich!" “!” 赚赚赚赚赚～他赚正Investigation revealed that they were offering " for sale or rent" our entire library. 在把我赚的全部赚赚“出或出售租”。 不成不成我叫道。“不能把我赚的赚赚了"No! No!" I cried. "You can't sell our books!" “!!”!” 哎爸你它呢赚～～我赚以赚用不着赚了"Geez, Dad, we thought you were done with them!" !” 赚永赚不会用不着的～”我力解赚道。 尽"You're never 'done' with books," I tried to explain. “'' "Sure you are. You read them, and you're done with them. That's it. Then you might as well make 你肯a little money from them. We wanted to avoid the indignity of having to ask you for……" “定用不着了。都看赚了～再也不用了。有赚。然不用～赚不如赚点赚。我赚想避免那赚有失尊赚你没既 的事～不再伸手向要你……” Unit 2 Is there anything we can learn from deer? During the "energy crisis" of 1973-1974 the writer of this essay was living in northern Minnesota and was able to observe how deer survive when winter arrives. The lessons he learns about he way deer conserve energy turn out applicable to our 有什赚是我赚能从学鹿身上到的赚在年的“能源危机”期赚～本文作everyday life. ?1973-1974 者正住在明尼赚北达当来从部～能赚赚察冬天赚赚～鹿如何生存。他鹿赚存能量的方法上得到的赚赚 也能赚用到我赚的日常生活中。运 鹿和能量循赚DEER AND THE ENERGY CYCLE Some persons say that love makes the world go round. Others of a less romantic and more practical turn of mind say that it isn't love; it's money. But the truth is that it is energy that makes the world go round. Energy is the currency of the ecological system and life becomes possible only when food is converted into energy, which in turn is used to seek more food to 有些人赚～赚情赚使世界运赚～grow, to reproduce and to survive. On this cycle all life depends. 另并蒂真况一些不那赚赚曼克而更赚注重赚赚的人赚赚～不是赚情～而是金赚。但赚情是～能量赚使世 界运当来赚。能量是生赚系赚的赚赚～只有食物赚赚赚能量～能量再用赚取更多的食物以供生赚、繁殖 和生存～生命才成赚可能。所有生命都赚系在赚一循赚上。 It is fairly well known that wild animals survive from year to year by eating as much as they can during times of plenty, the summer and fall, storing the excess, usually in the form of fat, and then using these reserves of fat to survive during the hard times in winter when food is scarce. But it is probably less well known that even with their stored fat, wild animals spend 差不多所众周知～野生赚物得以年赚一年地生存less energy to live in winter than in summer. 下去～主要依靠尽将来在夏秋生赚旺季量多吃～通常多余的部分以脂肪的形式赚存起～然后 到了冬天食物稀少的赚赚赚期～就用赚些赚赚的脂肪来很即赚持生命。然而～可能赚赚人知的是～使 有赚赚的脂肪～野生赚物在冬天消耗的能量比夏天要少。 A good case in point is the whiter-tailed deer. Like most wildlife, deer reproduce, grow, and store fat in the summer and fall when there is plenty of nutritious food available. A physically mature 赚孕female deer in good condition who has conceived in November and given birth to two fawns during the end of May or first part of June, must search for food for the necessary energy not only to meet her body's needs but also to produce milk for her fawns. The best milk production occurs at the same time that new plant growth is available. This is good timing, because milk production is an energy consuming process — it requires a lot of food. The cost can not be met unless the 一好的个很与数丰例赚是白尾鹿。大多野生赚物一赚～鹿在赚赚富、region has ample food resources. 食物充足的夏秋季两并壮份～繁殖、生赚赚存脂肪。一只成熟健的母鹿～在十一月赚胎～五月底 或六月初生下只两它找幼鹿～赚赚～必赚赚食物以赚得必要的能量～赚不赚是赚了赚足自身的需要～ 而且也是赚了赚幼鹿生赚乳汁。赚乳的最佳期也正是植物生赚茂盛之赚。赚赚个很机赚赚得好～因赚乳汁 生赚是一个——它区丰消耗能量的赚程需要大量的食物～除非赚地具有富的食物赚源～否赚无法赚 足赚赚消耗。 As the summer progresses and the fawns grow, they become less dependent on their mother's milk and more dependent on growing plants as food sources. The adult males spend the summer growing antlers and getting fat. Both males and females continue to eat high quality food in the fall in order to deposit body fat for the winter. In the case of does and fawns, a great deal of energy is expended either in milk production or in growing, and fat is not accumulated as quickly as it is in full grown males. Fat reserves are like bank accounts to be drawn on in the winter when food 夏季一天天赚去～幼supplies are limited and sometimes difficult to reach because of deep snow. 鹿日赚生赚～赚赚得赚它靠来少依赚母鹿的乳汁～而更加依生赚中的植物赚其食物源。雄性成鹿在夏 天生赚鹿角并体体内赚肥身。在秋天～雄鹿和雌鹿都赚赚赚食高赚量食物～赚存脂肪～以赚赚冬。至于 雌鹿和幼鹿～由于大量的能量用于赚或生赚～奶脂肪的赚累速度不如完全成熟的雄鹿快。脂肪赚 赚如同赚行里的存款～供冬天食物源来不足赚和有赚由于雪深赚以赚得赚～支取使用。 As fall turns into winter, other changes take place. Fawns lose their spotted coat. Hair on all the deer becomes darker and thicker. The change in the hair coats is usually complete by September and maximum hair depths are reached by November or December when the weather becomes 随来会着秋去冬～赚赚生其他赚化幼鹿失去皮毛上的斑赚～所有鹿身上的毛赚厚～赚色赚深。cold. : 毛皮的赚化通常持赚到月。到月或月天赚气冷赚～毛赚得最厚。9??1112 But in addition, nature provides a further safeguard to help deer survive the winter—an internal physiological response which lowers their metabolism, or rate of bodily functioning, and hence slows down their expenditure of energy. The deer become somewhat slow and drowsy. The heart rate drops. Animals that hibernate practice energy conservation to a greater extreme than deer do. Although deer don't hibernate, they do the same thing with their seasonal rhythms in metabolism. Deer spend more energy and store fat in the summer and fall when food is abundant, and spend 此外～大自然赚赚鹿提供赚less energy and use stored fat in the winter when food is less available. 一步的保赚以帮它——体内即助赚度赚冬天生理机能作相赚赚赚～放慢新赚代赚～亦生理活赚的速度～ 从它减而降低能量的消耗。鹿赚得有点赚作赚赚、嗜睡。赚的心率慢。冬眠的赚物保存能量的赚性赚赚鹿。 赚然鹿不冬眠～但他赚随季赚改赚新赚代赚赚奏的赚性赚是一赚的。夏秋赚～食物充裕的赚候～鹿消耗赚 多的能量并它并赚存脂肪。在冬天食物赚乏赚～赚赚消耗赚少的能量使用赚存的脂肪。 When the "energy crisis" first came in 1973-1974, I was living with my family in a cabin on the edge of an area where deer spend the winter in northern Minnesota, observing the deer as their behavior changed from more activity in summer and fall to less as winter progressed, followed by an increase again in the spring as the snow melted. It was interesting and rather amusing to listen to the advice given on the radio: " Drive only when necessary," we were told. "Put on more clothes to stay warm, and turn the thermostat on your furnace down." Meanwhile we watched the deer reduce their activity, grow a winter coat of hair, and reduce their metabolism as they have for thousands of years. It is biologically reasonable for deer to reduce their cost of living to increase 年赚～第一次出赚“能源危机”的赚候～我正家与their chance of surviving in winter. 1973-1974 人住在明尼赚达个州北部一赚鹿群赚冬地方的赚赚地赚。我赚住在一小屋里～赚察鹿的生活赚性～赚察 它随来从状赚是如何着冬季赚夏秋的活赚赚繁赚赚而赚得少赚的～而到春暖雪融赚～他赚的活赚又是如 何增多起的。赚赚来当广播赚台常告赚我赚没并炉有必要不赚赚～”“多穿衣服好保暖～赚赚低赚上:“ 的恒器温听来既与减。”赚些赚起有趣又逗笑。因赚此同赚～我赚一直注赚着鹿少活赚～赚出越冬的 厚毛～赚并减几来减会新赚代赚。千年～他赚一赚如此。鹿少生存所需的能耗以增加越冬生存的机～ 从学来生物角度看是合情合理的。 Not every winter is critical for deer of course. If the winter has light snow, survival and productivity next spring will be high. But if deep snows come and the weather remains cold for several weeks, then the deer must spend more energy to move about, food will be harder to find, and they must then depend more on their fat reserves to pull them through. If such conditions go on for too long some will die, and only the largest and strongest are likely to survive. That is a 当来并个然～赚鹿赚～非每fundamental rule of life for wild, free wandering animal such as deer. 冬天都赚于危赚之中。如果冬天雪下得少～存活率和次年春天的繁殖力就高。但如果雪赚得深～ 天赚赚气数来会它周寒冷～鹿活赚起就得花赚赚多的能量～赚食更赚～赚赚赚赚就得更多地依赚其脂肪赚赚 度赚寒冬。如果赚赚情况体壮持赚太久～有些鹿就要死亡～只有型最大最的～才有可能存活。赚于 像鹿赚赚四赚自由奔走的野生赚物来条赚～赚是一根本的生存赚律。 Yes, life—and death, too -- is a cycle that goes round and round, and when animals die their 的～生确——命赚有bodies become food for other life forms to use by converting them into energy. 死亡周——当体而赚始～循赚不已。赚物死亡的赚候～他赚的尸赚化赚能量～赚成食物～供其他生命形 式使用。如此循赚～永不止息。 And the cycle continues. Unit 3 Can you prove that the earth is round? Go ahead and try! Will you rely on your senses or will you 你能赚明地球是赚的赚来吧你将靠你赚赚看,依自己的智have to draw on the opinions of experts? ? 力赚是不得不引用赚家的赚点呢? 我赚赚什赚相信地球是赚的WHY DO WE BELIEVE THAT THE EARTH IS ROUND?? George Orwell Somewhere or other — I think it is in the preface to saint Joan — Bernard Shaw remarks that we are more gullible and superstitious today than we were in the Middle Ages, and as an example of modern credulity he cites the widespread belief that the earth is round. The average man, says Shaw, can advance not a single reason for thinking that the earth is round. He merely swallows 赚得this theory because there is something about it that appeals to the twentieth-century mentality. 在什赚地方——圣——我想是在《女赚德》序言中肖伯赚赚赚赚～今天我赚比在中世赚赚更加赚信～更加迷 信。而作赚赚代赚信的例赚～他赚出地赚赚赚一赚赚广条来播的信念。肖伯赚赚～普通人赚不出一理由赚明赚 什赚相信地球是赚的。他全赚接受赚一理赚～只是因赚赚一理赚中有一赚迎合世赚心赚的赚西。20 Now, Shaw is exaggerating, but there is something in what he says, and the question is worth following up, for the sake of the light it throws on modern knowledge. Just why do we believe that the earth is round? I am not speaking of the few thousand astronomers, geographers and so forth who could give ocular proof, or have a theoretical knowledge of the proof, but of the ordinary 当夸确然～肖伯赚是大其赚了～但他赚的也赚有些newspaper-reading citizen, such as you or me. 道理～赚一赚赚赚得赚一步探赚～因赚它会帮清真况会助人赚看赚代知赚的赚情。我赚究竟赚什赚相信地球 是赚的呢我赚的不是千数学学位天文家、地理家之赚的人～他赚可以用赚察到的事赚或用理赚上的? 根据来你赚赚赚一点～我指的是如同我之赚的赚赚的普通赚者。 As for the Flat Earth theory, I believe I could refute it. If you stand by the seashore on a clear day, you can see the masts and funnels of invisible ships passing along the horizon. This phenomenon can only be explained by assuming that the earth's surface is curved. But it does not follow that the earth is spherical. Imagine another theory called the Oval Earth theory, which claims that the earth 至于“地平赚”～我相信我能赚加以赚斥。如果你is shaped like an egg. What can I say against it? 在天气你桅囱体晴朗的日子站立海赚～可以看到船和烟沿着地平赚移赚而不赚船本身。只有假赚 地球表面呈曲赚～赚一赚状断另个称象才能得到解赚。但不能由此推地球是球形的。赚想一做“地 球卵形赚”的理赚～赚一赚地吧学声称状呢球形如蛋。赚此～我能赚什赚加以反赚赚? Against the Oval Earth man, the first card I can play is the analogy of the sun and moon. The Oval Earth man promptly answers that I don't know, by my own observation, that those bodies are spherical. I only know that they are round, and they may perfectly well be flat discs. I have no answer to that one. Besides, he goes on, what reason have I for thinking that the earth must be the 面赚“地球卵形赚”者～我能打same shape as the sun and moon? I can't answer that one either. 的第一赚牌是～可以根据太阳来即和月亮赚推。“地球卵形赚”者立回敬道～我无法根据自己 的赚察得知那些天是体它状球形的。我只能得知他赚是赚的～而赚完全可能呈扁平的赚赚。我赚此无 言以答。此外～他赚赚～我什赚会凭与阳状理由赚赚地球一定太和月亮的形相同赚此～我同赚无法? 解答。 My second card is the earth's shadow: When cast on the moon during eclipses, it appears to be the shadow of a round object. But how do I know, demands the Oval Earth man, that eclipses of the moon are caused by the shadow of the earth? The answer is that I don't know, but have taken this 我的第二赚牌是地球piece of information blindly from newspaper articles and science booklets. 的影子月食期赚～地球投在月亮上的影子看上去呈赚形物体状。但“地球卵形赚”者赚上要赚～: 我赚知道怎呢月食是由地球的影子造成的回答是～我不知道～我只是并照搬赚刊文章和科普? 小册子上的赚法而已。 Defeated in the minor exchanges, I now play my queen of trumps: the opinion of the experts. The Astronomer Royal, who ought to know, tells me that the earth is round. The Oval Earth man covers the queen with his king. Have I tested the Astronomer Royal's statement, and would I even know a way of testing it? Here I bring out my ace. Yes, I do know one test. The astronomers can foretell eclipses, and this suggests that their opinions about the solar system are pretty sound. I am, 小小交赚受挫～于是to my delight, justified in accepting their say-so about the shape of the earth. 我打出一赚王牌“赚家的看法。英国格林威治皇家天文台台赚赚赚是赚威了～他告赚我赚地球是Q”: 赚的。“地球卵形赚”者用他的“牌赚倒我的“牌。天文台台赚的赚我赚赚赚有没再赚～我知道K”Q”? 怎个赚赚赚赚法赚赚赚候～我打出我的“赚司”。是的～我赚知道一赚赚确个学方法。天文家能赚赚月食～? 赚一点表明他赚赚于太系阳状的看法是非常可信的。因此～令我高赚的是～我接受他赚赚于地球形 的赚是有道断理的。 If the Oval Earth man answers — what I believe is true — that the ancient Egyptians, who thought the sun goes round the earth, could also predict eclipses, then bang goes my ace. I have only one card left: navigation. People can sail ship round the world, and reach the places they aim at, by calculations which assume that the earth is spherical. I believe that finishes the Oval Earth man, 如果“地球卵形赚”者反赚道我——though even then he may possibly have some kind of counter. 以赚他反赚得有理——阳赚赚太赚地球赚的古代埃及人也能赚言月食～那我的“赚司”牌便立刻化赚赚 有。我只剩下一赚牌航海。人赚可以赚帆赚地球航行而到他赚的达目的地～其航程的赚算～就是以: 地球是球形的假定赚依据的。我相信赚一下可以赚底赚赚“地球卵形赚”者了。不赚便如即此～他赚 可能有某赚回赚的赚法。 It will be seen that my reasons for thinking that the earth is round are rather precarious ones. Yet this is an exceptionally elementary piece of information. On most other questions I should have to fall back on the expert much earlier, and would be less able to test his pronouncements. And much the greater part of our knowledge is at this level. It does not rest on reasoning or on experiment, but on authority. And how can it be otherwise, when the range of knowledge is so vast that the expert himself is an ignoramus as soon as he strays away from his own specialty? Most people, if asked to prove that the earth is round, would not even bother to produce the rather weak arguments I have outlined above. They would start off by saying that "everyone knows" the earth to be round, and if pressed further, would become angry. In a way Shaw is right. This is a credulous age, and the burden of 由此可赚～我赚赚地球是赚的～其knowledge which we now have to carry is partly responsible. 根据是相当靠极数不牢的。然而赚却是一点其基本的知赚。在赚的大多赚赚上～我只得更早地依赚赚 家的理赚～且更少有赚法赚赚他的赚赚了。我赚的知赚～其赚大部分都停留在赚一水平上。不是它靠依 推理或赚赚～而是依赚赚威。可是～不赚赚～又有什赚赚的法子呢知赚的范赚如此广博～一旦越出其赚? 赚范赚～赚家也赚成一会数来概无所知。赚大多人赚～如果要他赚赚明地球是赚的赚～就赚我上面述的赚 些相无当来会力的赚据～他赚也不愿提供出。他赚一赚始就赚赚都知道地球是赚的。要是再加追赚～: 就生了。在会气个某赚程度上赚～肖伯赚是赚赚了～如今是一赚信的赚代。究其赚由～部分在于～我赚 赚今必赚掌握的知赚赚在太多了。 Unit 4 On September 11, 2001, a series of suicide attacks on the United States took place. Foreign hijackers took control of four U.S. airliners. Two were crashed into the World Trade Center. The third aircraft was crashed into the Pentagon. The fourth, intended, it is thought, for another government target, crashed into a field, apparently after passenger resistance. This is the story of 年月日～在美赚生了一国国系列自赚式的赚赚事件。外的劫one of those passengers 2001911 机者控制了四架美的国两冲楼航空公司的赚机～架撞入世界赚易中心～第三架赚五角大～而第 四架据赚原本要赚赚一另政府目赚～但赚然由于遭到乘客的反抗而赚毁于一片田地里。本文赚的便 是其中一位乘客的故事。 第次航班,我所无法理解的事Flight 93:What I never know 93 Sunday, September 9, 2001, was a good day for the three of us. Emmy was just 11 weeks old and we were enjoying her enormously. After three miscarriages in two years, she was doubly precious to us. My husband, Jeremy, who was thinking of changing jobs, had gone on two interviews and felt they went well. Since Sunday was rainy, we just lay around our house in northern New Jersey. 年月日是星期日～赚We laughed a lot, and watched Emmy, and then went to bed early. 200199 我赚三人赚～是美好的日子。个来个埃米赚有周大～我赚极她她两内其喜赚。是我在年赚赚赚赚三11 次流赚后生下的～所以赚我赚更赚珍赚。我的丈夫杰里米当个两赚正考赚赚工作～已赚面赚赚次～自己 感赚赚行得赚赚利。周日那天下雨～我赚就在我赚位于新赚西北部的自家屋内躺赚赚着。我赚嬉笑着～照 看着埃米～后就早早就了。随寝 The next day, September 10, was busy, with Jeremy due to fly from Newark to California on business. I would take Emmy up to my parents’ house in Windham, New York, and he could meet 次日～月日～我赚忙碌起～来将从杰里米赚瓦克赚往加利福尼赚us there when he returned. 910 出差。我赚将温来埃米北上去赚赚州德姆我父母的家中。赚赚～杰里米回赚可以去那里接我赚。 For some reason he particularly wanted to take care of Emmy that morning. So he fed her and bathed and dressed her. He packed up both our cars, made sure Emmy was tucked into her car 那天早晨～不知什赚原因～他特想要seat, and kissed her. Then he stood waving as we drove off. 照料埃米。他赚、赚她喂奶她澡她两装洗、赚穿衣。他把赚赚的行李都好～把埃米在汽赚座椅上安置 妥当并她当离～吻了吻。而后我赚赚赚赚赚他站到一赚赚手告赚。 When I got to Windham, Jeremy called. His flight to San Francisco had been canceled. He didn’t ～” want to take the next available flight and get in at 2 a.m.“Screw ithe said. “I’m going to go home, get a good night’s sleep, and get up early tomorrow.” He would grab the first flight out of 我到德达温来旧姆赚～杰里米打赚赚。他赚往金山的航班被取消了。他Newark. United Flight 93. 不打算搭乘下一班赚机在凌晨点到两达目的地。“赚死～”他赚。“我想回家～美美地睡上一夜 明天早点起身。”他上第一将赶离班航班赚赚瓦克。赚合航空公司的第次航班。 93 Tuesday morning found me in the kitchen, fumbling with the lid of the doughnut box, when I heard my father say something about the World Trade Center. I looked in the living room at the TV, and saw the image of the fire poking through the blackened holes in the tower’s silver skin. The phone rang, and my dad said into it, “Oh, thank God it’s you.” I ran into the living room. He 星期二早晨我正在房里赚法打赚一厨盒炸圈赚held out the phone, his face pale. “Jeremy,” he said. 的盒盖赚～到听瞧屏从父赚在赚什赚世赚中心的事。我向起居室的赚赚去～看赚幕上出赚了世赚中心大 楼响哦你的赚色外赚上被燻黑的洞中赚出的大火。赚赚赚赚了～父赚赚着赚筒赚道～“～感赚上帝～是 啊跑来。”我赚起居室～父赚赚色赚白地把赚筒赚了赚。“是杰里米～”他赚。 我赚赚赚筒～赚道～“杰赚。”I grabbed the phone.“Jer”I said. “～你听好～”他赚。“着～赚机上有Hi”he said.“Listenthere are some bad men on the plane .” “ 几个坏蛋。” “什赚,”What do you mean?” “ “These three guys took over the plane. They put on these red headbands. They said they had a 三家个伙声称控制了赚机。他赚赚上戴着赚色的束赚帶～赚着一赚炸赚。”bomb.” “ 我当即哭了。I was crying now. “我赚～”他赚。你I love you,” he said. “我赚～”我赚。你I love you,” I said. “ “ “只往好赚想”only have good thoughts” “ I was shaking and nauseated, but I also knew I could make myself do whatever was necessary to 我赚身赚～想要赚抖很清尽帮吐～可同赚我楚～我赚是可以一切可能助杰里米的。help Jeremy. “I don’t think I’m going to make it out of here,” he said. And then, “I don’t want to die.” And he 我感到我是无法赚活着出去了～”他赚。后他又赚～“我可不想从儿随咒死。”接着他赚赚cursed. “ 起。来 “You’re not going to die,” I told him. “Jer, put a picture of me and Emmy in your head and only 你会装吧不死的～”我赚他赚。“杰赚～心里就着我和埃米～只往have really good thoughts.” “ 好赚去想。” “好～”他回答道。Yeah,” he answered. “ “不要去想那些糟的事～”我赚。糕Don’t think about anything bad,” I said. “ “You’ve got to promise me you’re going to be happy,” he said. “For Emmy to know how much I 你love her. And that whatever decisions you make in your life, no matter what, I’ll support you.” “得答赚我～要高高赚赚地生活下去～”他赚。“赚必赚你将来她你将来埃米知道我非常赚。不赚作出 什赚定～我都决你支持。” After a pause, Jeremy said to me, “A passenger said they’re crashing planes into the World Trade 稍停片刻～杰里米又赚我赚～“一位乘客赚他赚正在用赚机撞赚世赚中心～赚是Center. Is that true?” 真的赚,” “Are they going to blow the plane up or are they going to crash it into something?” he almost 他赚想要炸毁赚架赚机呢它几声～赚是想用去撞赚什赚赚西,”他乎在赚我大喊叫screamed at me. “ 道。 “他赚不去会撞世赚中心了～”我赚。 They’re not going to the World Trade Center,” I said. “ “因赚整个世赚中心都在燃赚了。”Because the whole thing’s on fire.” “ He said there were maybe 30 or 35 passengers, herded to the back. For some reason, however, no 他赚赚有到位乘客～都被赚到赶客赚的后部～但～不知one was guarding them back there. 3035 怎的～却无人看管他赚。 “那赚赚赚赚赚的情如况What about the pilots?” I asked him. “Has there been any communication?” “ 何,”我赚道。“赚之赚赚赚赚有你没,” “No. These guys just stood up and yelled and ran into the cockpit. After that, we didn’t hear from 没几个伙来冲来没听有。那家就赚赚站了起～喊叫着赚了赚赚赚。后就再也有到有赚赚赚赚赚the pilots.” “ 的情。”况 Just then, we saw something on TV about a plane crashing into the Pentagon, and I thought, thank 正在那赚～我赚赚赚上看到一从楼架赚机撞赚了五角大。心想～上帝保God it isn’t Jeremy’s plane. 佑那不是杰里米的赚机。 When I told him about this new attack, Jeremy cursed again. The Pentagon was probably the jolt that made him see clearly that his fate and that of his fellow passengers in the rear of the plane were completely in their own hands. “Okay, I’m going to take a vote,” he said. “There’s three other guys as big as me and we’re thinking of attacking the guy with the bomb. What do you 我把新赚生的赚次攻赚告 了杰里米～他再次赚起。咒来楼极五角大一事可能使他受到大think?” 震～使他赚他和惊清运待在客赚后面的其他乘客的命完全掌握在他赚自己的手中。“好～我赚就 去赚行表决另个个伙你～”他赚。“外有三身材和我一赚高大的人～我赚打算去赚赚那赚炸赚的家。 看行赚,” “No, I didn’t see guns. I saw knives.” He joked, “I still have my butter knife from breakfast.” There was a pause, and then he said, “I know I could take the guy with the bomb. Do you think it’s 没没有～我有看到赚。我赚到刀子。”他赚玩笑赚～“我赚里赚有早餐用的牛油刀really a bomb?” “ 呢会儿个伙你真。”停了一～他赚～“我想我可以制服那赚炸赚的家。赚得那是一赚的炸赚赚,” 我赚赚不是的真吓你炸赚～那是在赚赚赚。”I don’t think so. I think they’re bluffing you.” “ “行～我赚就去干～”杰赚赚。Okay, I’m going to do it,” Jer said “ “赚赚赚赚的尖叫声”screams in the background” “ “我赚得必赚去你I think you need to do it,” I told him. “You’re strong, you’re brave, I love you.” “干～”我赚他赚。“你壮你身强力～又勇敢～我赚。” “Okay, I’m going to put the phone down, I’m going to leave it here, and I’m going to come right 好～我赚就把赚筒赚下赚赚～我赚上回再拿起赚的～”离儿会来它杰赚赚。我把赚筒赚赚父赚～back to it,” “ 跑盥来赚洗室～在水池上赚吐起赚。 When my father put the phone to his ear, he heard nothing on the line for two or three minutes. Then he heard screams off in the background. And he thought, They’re doing it. It was bound to be noisy. Perhaps a minute and a half later, there was another set of screams, muffled, like people 我父赚把赚筒放到耳赚～有三分赚两听听光景什赚都不到。而后他on a roller coaster. Then silence 到赚赚赚赚的尖叫声会来沉。他想～他赚正干上了。赚必然引起喧赚。隔了赚莫一分半赚～又赚一赚低的 尖叫声声随沉来～就像人赚坐赚山赚赚赚出的叫那赚。后便寂了下。 I sat on the living room couch and all my energy seemed to have deserted me. After a while, I got up and headed for the kitchen and almost collided with my dad, who was coming the other way. He must have just hung up the phone. He was crying. He gave me a hug. I watched him cry, a bit 我坐在起居室的赚沙赚上～赚身乏力。赚了一～我起会儿厨几与从身向房走去～乎dumbfounded. 相反方向走的来挂瞧父赚相撞。他想必赚上赚赚～他在哭泣。他赚抱了我。我着他哭着～我有点麻 木了。 等一等～是不是赚赚他你死了,”我赚。Wait, you think he’s dead?” I said. “ He couldn’t manage anything but to cry harder. I must have asked the same question five times. 。他除了放声来大哭之外再也赚不出赚。And then, when it finally sank in, I collapsed on the floor 我大概当来重赚赚了五次之多。接着～我赚于明白赚之后～我赚倒在地上。 “赚找杰里米”searching for Jeremy” “ Over the next months, I spent a lot of time searching for Jeremy. Often I heard his voice in my head, comforting me when my pain was almost unendurable. I visited the crash site. I hungered to 在接下的几个月里～我花了大量赚赚know what had happened on Flight 93 and why Jeremy died. 赚赚杰里米。每当听声我痛楚万分之赚～我常到他在耳赚安慰我的音。我去了赚机赚毁的地方。我渴 求了解第次航班上赚生的事情以及杰里米赚何而身故。93 Now I find that my viewpoint has changed. Not that I don’t want to know what happened. It’s just that I’m sure I will never really make sense of September 11. Did someone declare war on us for a principle? Because they were jealous? To show how tough they were? Did we in this country somehow overstep, push too hard, tread on ancient sensibilities? The world Jeremy and I knew was never more than the rooms we lived in, a few places we walked, a few friends and family we 如今我赚赚我已改赚了看loved. Now it’s gone, and no one could ever really make sense of why. 法。不是因赚我不想了解到底赚生了什赚～而恰恰是我相信我将真永赚不可能正理解事件。911 是否有人出于某赚原赚性的赚赚向我赚宣赚了,或是他赚出于妒忌,或是他赚想炫耀其强悍,是否 我赚赚家的人越赚了～做得赚分了～赚个国来及了人家自古而的情感,杰里米和我所熟悉的世界 只不赚是我赚所居住的房子、赚几几个散步的地方、朋友以及我赚所赚赚的家人。如今一切全完了～ 但却始赚无人能正真清怎弄赚到底是赚回事。 I think Jeremy always suspected he had a higher purpose. I don’t believe it was an accident that he was on Flight 93. It wasn’t mere luck that an airline passenger with precisely the right physical skills to abort one of the terror missions happened to be on the only plane 我赚得杰里米一直赚赚他生就来hijacked that day where there was an opportunity to do that. 肩赚有崇高使命。我也不赚赚并杰里米乘坐上第次航班是出于偶然。一位具有足赚挫赚恐怖行93 径体个会能的旅客正好搭乘了那天被劫持的赚机中唯一一可以有机赚行反赚劫机者的航班～赚 不赚赚是一赚巧合。 Jeremy was 31 when he died, had been married to me for five years and knew his daughter for barely three months. Yet I consider us blessed. He and I left nothing unsaid or undone, and he managed to give Emmy and me everything we need. And sometimes, when I’m watching and listening, I can still feel him near me, leading me forward into the rest of my 杰里米去世赚赚～和我赚婚了五年～和他的女相儿个赚了三月都不到。可我赚赚我赚是幸福life. 31 的。他我之赚与尽来未留下任何未之言或未竟之事。他赚是努力赚埃米和我赚我赚所需的一切。有赚～ 当听我留神赚察和赚赚～我仍然能感到他就在我的身赚～在我有生之年指引我向前。 Unit 5 Is it ever proper for a medical doctor to lie to his patient? Should he tell a patient he is dying? These questions seem simple enough, but it is not so simple to give a satisfactory answer to them. 医生可以赚病人撒赚赚医肓生赚赚告赚病人他已赚病入膏了赚赚些赚Now a new light is shed on them. ?? 赚看起赚赚～但是要赚出来很并令人赚意的回答却不那赚赚赚。 撒赚赚是不撒赚生的赚赚——医TO LIE OR NOT TOLIE—THE DOCTOR'S DILEMMA Should doctors ever lie to benefit their patients -- to speed recovery or to conceal the approach of death? In medicine as in law, government, and other lines of work, the requirements of honesty often seem dwarfed by greater needs: the need to shelter from brutal news or to uphold a promise 赚了赚病人有好赚赚了——加快病人of secrecy; to expose corruption or to promote the public interest. 康赚或不赚病人知道死亡的赚赚赚赚生到来——医底赚不赚撒赚医与赚行赚法律、政府及其他行赚一赚～往往赚? 得赚赚赚与另怕否的赚赚不那赚看重～要赚的倒是外的一些事情～譬如～赚赚法避免可的消息造成的 打赚～或是赚考赚恪守保密的赚言～或是需要揭露腐赚行赚或促赚公利众益等。 What should doctors say, for example, to a 46-year-old man coming in for a routine physical checkup just before going on vacation with his family who, though he feels in perfect health, is found to have a form of cancer that will cause him to die within six months? Is it best to tell him the truth? If he asks, should the doctors deny that he is ill, or minimize the gravity of the illness? 医怎吧个生赚赚赚赚～赚例赚。一Should they at least conceal the truth until after the family vacation? 赚的男子～在家人外出与体医度假之前赚行常赚格赚赚～赚然他自我感赚良好～但生赚赚他患了46 某赚癌症～个内会医怎呢月就死去。赚赚～生赚赚赚他赚是不是最好赚他赚赚赚要是他赚起赚赚赚果～医6?? 生赚不赚否赚他得了病赚不赚将病情的赚重性赚小到最低限度赚不赚情将真至少赚赚到他全家度假之?? 后? Doctors confront such choices often and urgently. At times, they see important reasons to lie for 医生赚常常面赚the patient's own sake; in their eyes, such lies differ sharply from self-serving ones. 赚赚的非常赚迫的赚赚。他赚不赚赚赚～赚了病人自身的利益～撒赚有必要～在他赚看～赚赚赚言利很来与 己的赚言截然不同。 Studies show that most doctors sincerely believe that the seriously ill do not want to know the truth about their condition, and that informing them risks destroying their hope, so that they may recover more slowly, or deteriorate faster, perhaps even commit suicide. As one physician wrote: "Ours is a profession which traditionally has been guided by a precept that transcends the virtue of 研究赚果表明～大多uttering the truth for truth's sake, and that is 'as far as possible do no harm.'"数医真将真生深信身患重病的人不想知道他赚的赚病情～如果情相告～赚有可能使他赚完全失 去希望～赚果使他赚恢赚得更慢或赚化得更快～甚至会内医写自赚短赚。正如一位科生道,“我赚赚 个条条赚赚～赚赚上恪守一信～那就是,尽可能不造成赚害～赚一信赚赚赚赚赚而赚赚赚的美德”。条真真'' Armed with such a precept, a number of doctors may slip into deceptive practices that they assume will "do no harm" and may well help their patients. They may prescribe innumerable placebos, sound more encouraging than the facts warrant, and distort grave news, especially to the 有了赚赚一指赚原赚～一些生可能赚赚赚赚于采用他赚赚赚赚个医很病人可能incurably ill and the dying. 有益而“无害”的赚人做法。他赚可能赚出无数没气并帖安慰赚～赚一些有事赚根据的打的赚～歪 曲赚重的病情～赚那些患有不治之症和赚赚死亡的病人～赚尤其如此。 But the illusory nature of the benefits such deception is meant to produce is now coming to be documented. Studies show that, contrary to the belief of many physicians, an overwhelming majority of patients do want to be told the truth, even about grave illness, and feel betrayed when they learn that they have been misled. We are also learning that truthful information, humanely conveyed, helps patients cope with illness: helps them tolerate pain better, need less medicine, and 然而～赚在赚始有人提出赚据～赚明赚赚欺赚旨在赚病人赚好赚的赚来even recover faster after surgery. 法是虚研与医数确真况幻的。究赚果表明～赚多生的想法相反～赚大多病人赚想知道赚情～甚至 是赚重的病情。他赚了解到生有赚他赚赚赚的赚当医没真将真候～他赚感到自己被玩弄了。我赚赚赚悉～ 赚情况当帮与争减妥地告赚病人～能助他赚病魔作斗～有助于他赚更好地忍受疼痛～少用赚～甚 至在手赚后更快地康赚。 Not only do lies not provide the "help" hoped for by advocates of benevolent deception; they invade the autonomy of patients and render them unable to make informed choices concerning their own health, including the choice of whether to be patient in the first place. We are becoming increasingly aware of all that can befall patients in the course of their illness when information is 赚言不赚不能提供鼓吹“仁慈”欺赚的人赚所希望的那赚“帮它助”～赚侵犯denied or distorted. 了病人的人自由～使他赚不能赚有赚自己个达医健康的赚赚作出明的赚赚～包括要不要就赚一首要 的赚赚。我赚越越来况会意赚到～病人赚病期赚～在不知病情或未被如赚地告知病情的情下～他赚遭 到什赚赚的不幸。 Dying patients especially -- who are easies to mislead and most often kept in the dark -- can then not make decisions about the end of life: about whether or not they should enter a hospital, or have surgery; about where and with whom they should spend their remaining time; about how they 特赚是赚赚死亡的病人他赚最——会易受赚也最被should bring their affairs to a close and take leave. 人蒙在鼓里因——此而不能作出赚赚前的赚赚有赚抉赚是否要住赚医与院～或赚行手赚～在何赚何人度: 赚所剩下的一点赚赚～以及如何赚理完自己的事赚而后与辞世赚。 Lies also do harm to those who tell them: harm to their integrity and, in the long run, to their credibility. Lies hurt their colleagues as well. The suspicion of deceit undercuts the work of the many doctors who are scrupulously hones with their patients; it contributes to the spiral of 赚lawsuits and of "defensive medicine," and thus it injures, in turn, the entire medical profession. 言也赚害赚赚的人～赚害他赚的赚赚～最赚赚并誉害他赚的信。赚言赚赚害他赚的同事。由于病人赚疑有欺赚 行赚～赚多赚病人十分赚赚布公的生的工医响医作也因此受到影。病人的不信任使赚赚赚案增多～造 成生避免赚赚的“医个医防御性赚治”增多～而赚些又赚而有赚于整赚事赚。 Sharp conflicts are now arising. Patients are learning to press for answers. Patients' bills of rights require that they be informed about their condition and about alternatives for treatment. Many doctors go to great lengths to provide such information. Yet even in hospitals with the most eloquent bill of rights, believers in benevolent deception continue their age-old practices. Colleagues may disapprove but refrain from objecting. Nurses may bitterly resent having to take part, day after day, in deceiving patients, but feel powerless to 赚烈的冲学会真况医突正在出赚。病人赚始催赚赚情。根据病人赚享有的赚利的赚定～生take a stand. 赚将医尽况即病情和可供赚赚的治赚 方案 气瓶 现场处置方案 .pdf气瓶 现场处置方案 .doc见习基地管理方案.doc关于群访事件的化解方案建筑工地扬尘治理专项方案下载 通告病人。赚多生可能向病人提供赚些情。然而～使在赚病 人的赚益考赚得最周到的医医院里～信奉“仁慈”欺赚的生赚赚赚他赚赚赚的古老做法。同事赚也赚不赚 同～但避免公赚表示反赚。赚士赚赚不得不日赚一日地参与欺赚病人的做法也赚深赚痛赚～但要抵制却 感到无能赚力。 There is urgent need to debate this issue openly. Not only in medicine, but in other professions as well, practitioners may find themselves repeatedly in difficulty where serious consequences seem avoidable only through deception. Yet the public has every reason to be wary of professional deception, for such practices are peculiarly likely to become deeply rooted, to spread, and to erode trust. Neither in medicine, nor in law, government, or the social sciences can there be comfort in the old saying, "What you don't know can't hurt 及赚赚赚赚赚赚行公赚赚赚个医从断非常必要。不赚在赚赚～而且在其他行赚～赚者不赚赚～自己常赚you." 于似乎不采用欺赚手段就无法避免赚重后果的困赚赚境。但是公完全有众惕理由赚赚赚性欺赚保持警～ 因赚赚赚做法特赚容易赚得根深蒂并医构会固～蔓延滋赚～赚害信任。无赚赚界、法律界、政府机赚是社 科界学从～都不赚“不知者～不赚所害”赚句老赚中得到赚毫慰藉。 Unit 6 "Don't ever mark in a book!" Thousands of teachers, librarians and parents have so advised. But Mortimer Adler disagrees. He thinks so long as you own the book and needn't preserve its physical appearance, marking it properly will grant you the ownership of the book in 不要在赚上做赚号数教,”无赚、赚赚管理the true sense of the word and make it a part of yourself. “ 赚和家赚都曾赚赚建赚。但是莫蒂默艾德勒并你它不同意。他赚赚只要赚有赚本赚而且不需要保赚的外赚～? 做赚赚正号将会你真并它你意赚上赚有赚本赚且使成赚赚的一部分。 怎号赚在赚上做赚HOW TO MARK A BOOK You know you have to read "between the lines" to get the most out of anything. I want to persuade you to do something equally important in the course of your reading. I want to persuade you to "write between the lines." Unless you do, you are not likely to do the most efficient kind of 你你知道赚赚要“深入字里行赚”～以求最充分的理解。我赚在赚赚赚程中做一件同赚重要reading. 的事情。我想赚“在你写你字里行赚字”。不赚赚做～的赚赚就不可能是最有效的。 You shouldn't mark up a book which isn't yours. Librarians (or your friends) who lend you books expect you to keep them clean, and you should. If you decide that I am right about the usefulness 你你号你不赚赚在不是自己的赚上做赚。借赚赚的赚赚管of marking books, you will have to buy them. 理赚 或的你朋友希望你你你号保持赚的整赚～再赚也赚赚赚赚做。如果赚赚我赚的在赚上做赚赚有益赚赚() 番赚是赚的赚～就得自己赚赚。你 There are two ways in which one can own a book. The first is the property right you establish by paying for it, just as you pay for clothes and furniture. But this act of purchase is only the prelude to possession. Full ownership comes only when you have made it a part of yourself, and the best way to make yourself a part of it is by writing in it. An illustration may make the point clear. You buy a beefsteak and transfer it from the butcher's icebox to your own. But you do not own the beefsteak in the most important sense until you consume it and get it into your bloodstream. I am arguing that books, too, must be absorbed in your 一人赚有赚的个两方法有赚～第一赚是花赚取得赚赚所有赚～就像bloodstream to do you any good. 你它你将它你花赚赚衣服和家具一赚。但花赚赚赚只是占有的前奏。只有在化赚自己的一部分之后～ 你它你写个才完全占有了。而把自己赚赚赚的一部分的最好方法就是在赚中字。打比方也赚可以把 赚一点赚楚。赚下一赚牛排～把清你它从冰你冰从来肉赚的箱里赚移到的箱中。但最重要的意赚上赚～ 你没它你它并将它你赚有占有～除非吃下吸收赚的血液之中。我的赚点是～赚的赚赚也只有在被吸 收赚的你你血液中赚～才能赚有所裨益。 There are three kinds of book owners. The first has all the standard sets and best-sellers -- unread, untouched. (This individual owns wood-pulp and ink, not books.) The second has a great many books -- a few of them read through, most of them dipped into, but all of them as clean and shiny as the day they were bought. (This person would probably like to make books his own, but is restrained by a false respect for their physical appearance.) The third has a few books or many -- every one of them dog-eared and dilapidated, shaken and loosened by continual use, marked and 赚籍赚有者可以分赚三赚。第一赚人藏有全scribbled in from front to back. (This man owns books.) 部赚准的成套赚和赚赚赚有赚赚～也有赚。——既没没碰赚位占有的只是赚赚和油墨～而不是赚。第二赚人() 藏赚多有本赚很——几从浅跟很至尾赚赚～大部分赚赚止～但全都新赚赚一赚整赚光亮。;此君可能想使 赚的赚真裹——断其所有～但因赚赚地赚分赚注赚籍的外赚而足不前。,第三赚人藏赚或多或少因不使用～ 每本赚都弄成赚角卷起～破旧装从画号涂不堪～赚破赚～赚赚松散～全赚扉赚至末赚赚了赚～赚了字句。 ;此人是赚的正赚有真者。, Is it false respect, you may ask, to preserve intact a beautifully printed book, an elegantly bound edition? Of course not. I'd no more scribble all over a first edition of "Paradise Lost" than I'd give my baby a set of crayons and an original Rembrandt! I wouldn't mark up a painting or a statue. Its soul, so to speak, is inseparable from its body. And the beauty of a rare edition or of a richly manufactured volume is like that of painting or a statue. If your respect for magnificent binding or 你会或赚printing gets in the way, buy yourself a cheap edition and pay your respects to the author. 赚～一本印将装当刷精美、赚雅致的赚保存完好～赚道也是不恰的赚当决会然不是。我不在一本? 初版的《失赚园乱涂乱写会蜡笔涂》上～就像我不把一幅赚勃朗的原作赚同一盒交赚我的赚孩任意 抹一赚我不在一决会画画号幅油或一尊塑像上赚。可以赚～赚的它灵与躯体魂其是不可分赚的。! 一部珍本或一本赚赚美的赚的美～装画你装同一幅油或一尊塑像的美是一赚的。如果赚赚美的赚或 印刷的尊重妨碍你将你献赚赚～那就赚一赚便宜的版本～的敬意赚作者。 Why is marking up a book indispensable to reading? First, it keeps you awake. (And I don't mean merely conscious; I mean wide awake.) In the second place, reading, if it is active, is thinking, and thinking tends to express itself in words, spoken or written. The marked book is usually the thought-through book. Finally, writing helps you remember the thoughts you had, or the thoughts 赚什赚在赚上做赚赚赚赚是必不可号呢少的the author expressed. Let me develop these three points. ? 首先～使它会你清它你保持醒。;我不是赚赚指赚清它你神志醒～我的意思是能使赚全神赚注。, 其次～如果赚赚是一赚能赚的行赚～那赚就是它来达思考～而思考常常需借助口赚的或赚面的赚言表。 作了赚的赚～通常是赚号真写帮你你达者赚思考赚的赚。最后～可以助赚住赚赚赚的思想～或作者所表 的思想。赚我赚一步就赚三点赚一赚。 If reading is to accomplish anything more than passing time, it must be active. you can't let your eyes glide across the lines of a book and come up with an understanding of what you have read. Now an ordinary piece of light fiction, like, say, "Gone with the Wind," doesn't require the most active kind of reading. The books you read for pleasure can be read in a state of relaxation, and nothing is lost. But a great book, rich in ideas and beauty, a book that raises and tries to answer great fundamental questions, demands the most active reading of which you are capable. You don't absorb the ideas of John Dewey the way you absorb the crooning of Mr. Vallee. You have to reach 如果赚赚的目的不赚赚是消磨赚赚～那就赚赚是一赚赚for them. That you cannot do while you're asleep. 极你你内当的思赚活赚。赚赚赚的眼睛在赚上赚赚一遍～就不可能赚所赚的容有所理解。然～一部普通 的消遣小赚～譬如赚《赚》～不需要那赚最赚的并极会思赚式的赚赚。作赚消遣的赚～可以赚松地赚而不有 所失。但一本思想丰并你富、文字赚美～赚赚提出赚根本性的重大赚赚加以回答的赚大著作～赚要求 尽极你声学可能地赚行最赚的赚赚。不能像欣赚瓦利先生的低吟唱那赚～到赚翰杜威的思想。得你? 花赚力气方可赚得。漫不赚心是做不到赚一点的。 If, when you've finished reading a book, the pages are filled with your notes, you know that you read actively. The most famous active reader of great books I know is President Hutchins, of the University of Chicago. He also has the hardest schedule of business activities of any man I know. He invariably read with pencil, and sometimes, when he picks up a book and pencil in the evening, he finds himself, instead of making intelligent notes, drawing what he calls " caviar factories" on the margins. When that happens, he puts the book down. He knows he's too tired to 如果赚完一本赚的赚当你写你你你候～赚赚上赚了的批注～就知道read, and he's just wasting time. 的赚赚是赚的了。我所知道的最有极极学名的采用赚方式赚赚赚大著作的人～是芝加哥大的校赚哈赚 斯。他也是我所知道的公赚最繁忙的人。他赚赚赚赚是拿着赚。有赚～他在赚上拿起赚和赚的赚笔当笔候～ 赚赚自己不是在做有意赚的赚～而是在赚赚空白赚些他之赚“赚子赚工”的赚西～一出赚赚赚情笔画称厂 况～他就放下赚本。他知道自己太累～赚不下去了～完全是在浪赚赚赚。 But, you may ask, why is writing necessary? Well, the physical act of writing, with your own hand, brings words and sentences more sharply before your mind and preserves them better in your memory. To set down your reaction to important words and sentences you have read, and the questions they have raised in your mind, is to preserve those reactions and sharpen those questions. You can pick up the book the following week or year, and there are all your points of agreement, disagreement, doubt and inquiry. It's like resuming an interrupted conversation with 但是～或赚赚～有你会写呢何必要要the advantage of being able to pick up where you left off. ? 知道～赚手赚的赚写会你你将你作使赚赚和句子更加赚明地呈赚在的赚海里～更好地赚存在的赚赚中。赚 所赚的重要赚赚和句子的感受下～赚在赚子里引起的赚赚赚下～就可以赚些感受赚写来将它你来将久 保存下～可以使那些赚赚来并确来当你来你更加明起。下周或年重新拿起赚本赚的赚候～的各赚赚 点～同意的、反赚的、赚疑的、赚赚的～赚赚一目了然。赚如同赚赚一度被打～赚在又可以在上次停下断 的地方接着赚下去了。 And that is exactly what reading a book should be: a conversation between you and the author. Presumably he knows more about the subject than you do; naturally you'll have the proper humility as you approach him. But don't let anybody tell you that a reader is supposed to be solely on the receiving end. Understanding is a two-way operation; learning doesn't consist in being an empty receptacle. The learner has to question himself and question the teacher. He even has to argue with the teacher, once he understands what the teacher is saying. And marking a book is 赚赚就赚赚赚literally an expression of your differences, or agreements of opinion, with the author. 个赚法你很你懂你同作者赚赚行赚赚。可能作者在有赚的赚赚上比得多～接近他的赚候表示适度的赚: 恭是自然的。但不要赚信他人～以赚赚很份儿双学并者只有全赚接受的。理解是一赚向活赚。赚赚不是 往空的容器中赚西。生赚向自己也向赚装学当教教内与提赚赚。一旦理解了赚所赚的容～他甚至赚得 教争号达你赚展赚赚。而在赚上做赚～赚赚上就是表赚同或不赚同作者赚点的一赚方式。 There are all kinds of devices for marking a book intelligently and fruitfully. Here's the way I do 在赚上做赚～有各赚各赚好的、行之有号将叙效的方法。赚我的做法述如下it: : 在文字下面划赚划出主要1. Underlining: of major points, of important or forceful statements. 1. : 赚点及重要的或者有力的赚述。 在赚赚空白赚赚赚划强2. Vertical lines at the margin: to emphasize a statement already underlined. 2. : 赚已赚的赚划述部分。 3. Star, asterisk, or other doo-dad at the margin: to be used sparingly, to emphasize the ten or 在赚赚空白赚画号号五星或六星赚～或其他小符twenty most important statements in the book. 3. : 赚赚赚号来宜珍惜着用。可用强赚赚中十赚或二十赚最重要的赚述。 4. Numbers in the margin: to indicate the sequence of points the author makes in developing a 在赚赚空白赚写数字赚明作者展赚一赚个据的各点赚序。single argument. 4. : 5. Number of other pages in the margin: to indicate where else in the book the author made points relevant to the point marked; to tie up the ideas in a book, which, though they may be separated by 在赚赚空赚写其他赚的赚赚赚明作者在本赚其他地方所的本赚点写与many pages, belong together. 5. : 有赚的赚点～也可以通赚赚一赚法赚中赚分将来散各赚～但密切有赚的赚点赚系起。 在赚赚字眼或短赚上赚画圈。6. Circling of key words or phrases. 6. 7. Writing in the margin, or at the top or bottom of the page, for the sake of: recording questions (and perhaps answers) which a passage raise in your mind; reducing a complicated discussion to a simple statement; recording the sequence of major points right through the book. I use the end-papers at the back of the book to make a personal index of the author's points in the order of their 在赚赚空白赚或上下两端加批注其目的是赚下某段文章在赚子里引起的赚赚 你也赚appearance. 7. : ( 赚有 答案 八年级地理上册填图题岩土工程勘察试题省略号的作用及举例应急救援安全知识车间5s试题及答案 ～赚要赚下赚赚的赚述～赚赚赚串全赚的一系列的重要赚点。我利用赚末的赚赚将作者的赚点按出) 赚的先后次序赚成一个索引。 The front end-papers are, to me, the most important. Some people reserve them for a fancy bookplate, I reserve them for fancy thinking. After I have finished reading the book and making my personal index on the back end-papers, I turn to the front and try to outline the book, not page by page, or point by point (I've already done that at the back), but as an integrated structure, with a basic unity and an order of parts. This outline is, to me, the measure of my understanding of the 赚前的赚赚赚我赚是最来将它将它异重要的。有些人赚留作赚花哨的藏赚票用。我赚留作奇思想work. 的天地。在我赚完一本赚在卷并个翻将尾赚赚上做好我的人索引之后～我便到卷首～赚着全赚作一概个个体述～不是逐赚地或逐点地赚行;那我在卷尾已赚做了,～而是作赚一整～基本上前后赚赚～各部分排列有序。赚我赚～赚来个概述表明了我赚赚著作理解的程度。 科技英赚 大赚模研况究赚赚,地球的“健康”每愈下 The report card has arrived from有史以来赚地球赚行的最大赚模的科学分析表明～地球上的赚多生赚系赚都不到赚达准。 The UN-backed由赚合主持国估的《千年生赚系赚赚赚合赚告》指出～由于不可持赚的使用～地球上将来坏气近三分之二的用赚持生命的生赚系赚已赚遭到破～其中包括干赚的水源、赚赚的空～以及赚定的气候。 Humans have caused以上大部分的破坏个都是人赚在赚去的半世赚里造成的。据赚告分析～随极着人赚赚食物、淡水、木材、赚赚以及燃料等赚源的需求日赚激增～赚境赚生了大的赚化～引赚了赚如赚伐森林、化学岌岌将会赚染等赚赚。因此～赚赚告的作者警告赚～照此下去～本已可危的生赚赚境在21世赚的上半急赚赚叶化。 Over 1300 governmental赚赚赚史性的研来究由自世界95个国家的政府部赚以及民赚赚赚的1,300多位科学家共同完成。四年来将～他赚考察了地球上赚多生物的生赚赚境、物赚以及他赚赚系起的生赚来体国划并国研系。赚合赚境赚署赚赚赚告赚行了赚赚整理于昨天在中北京公布了究赚果。 Only by understanding the environment在公布赚赚告的新赚赚布会国上～赚合秘赚赚科菲?安南指出,“只有了解赚境及其作运决赚程～我赚才能制定出必要的策加以保赚。”他赚赚～“只有珍惜所有赚的自然赚宝个来源和人赚赚源～我赚才有希望去建赚一可持赚赚展的未。”Socioeconomic Impact赚社会响赚赚的影 The report paints赚赚告赚自然界的大部分生物多赚性持悲赚赚度～地球上可能有10%30%—的哺乳赚物～赚赚以及两栖赚物赚赚赚赚。 The massive ecological赚次大赚模生赚赚赚是根据安南的《千年赚展目赚》展赚的～赚赚展目赚是由赚合国赚起的～旨在2015年之前大幅度赚解赚赚与极会度赚困等社赚赚赚赚。 The Millennium赚部位于赚赚的赚内国划合赚境赚署赚行主席克赚斯托普弗赚,“从某些方面? 来估并赚～《千年生赚系赚赚赚合赚告》赚我赚首次赚赚到生赚系赚服赚功能的赚赚价赚～使我赚赚尊重和保赚地球生命赚赚系赚有了新的赚解。” Current human usage目前由于人赚社会断赚地球赚境的赚赚利用～食物供赚不增加～然而增赚的速度仍然太慢～赚以完成赚合国制定的在2015年前消除全球一半赚赚的目赚。 The negative effects赚告赚赚～赚度使用生赚系赚的赚面影响赚包括赚赚的衰退～含有大量沉赚物的河口周赚近海“死亡区区气”的出赚～水赚的赚化以及不可赚赚的域性候等。 Deforestation and other此外～森林的赚伐和其他生赚系赚的巨大改赚也加赚了赚如赚疾、霍乱等疾病的赚播～使已有赚并染病分化出新的赚赚。 Changes to water根据赚赚告～水赚源系体会灾的赚化增加毁赚性洪的爆赚赚率和程度。在20 世赚90年代～洪灾数造成的死亡人超赚10万～赚失赚2,430赚美元。 The regions facing目前～世界上赚境破坏区区最赚重的地恰是全球最赚赚的地,撒哈拉沙漠以南之中部非洲地～赚区区洲中部～拉丁美洲的部分地～以及赚洲的南部及赚南部。Call for Radical Change呼吁状赚底改赚赚 The report urges drastic《千年生赚系赚赚赚估吁合赚告》呼在自然赚源利用方面赚目前的政策赚行大幅度的改赚。 From an economic perspective赚研究赚赚～从与赚赚角度看～那些被用于商赚赚赚的生赚系赚相比～多完整生赚很系赚的价赚更高。 For example,citing wetland例如～赚赚告引用地湿况野生赚植物的生境、水赚染赚赚情、水赚源赚存能力以及赚赚价赚等方面的数估国据～算保赚完整的泰赚赚每英赚;0.4公赚,价赚赚1,000美元～而同赚的赚赚～由于赚赚及赚赚赚殖赚的赚赚而遭到了破坏～价赚赚赚每英赚200美元。 The overriding conclusion由45位成赚赚成的研会份声个估究委赚在一明中指出～“赚赚赚赚告最重要的赚赚是～如何在利用地球生赚系赚提升人赚生活水平的同赚～赚解赚系赚所承受的赚力～完全取于人赚决会社。” Achieving this,however,will require radical赚明赚指出,“但是～要到上声达述目的～需要赚底改赚人赚赚待自然的方式～小到各赚决会策的制定～大到政府、商赚和文明社之赚新的合作。警赚已赚敲响来～未掌握在我赚手里。” The board of the 任担估会学《千年生赚系赚赚赚合赚告》委赚主席的是世界赚行的首席科家赚伯特沃森和赚合国学研大高等究所主任A. 海米德扎卡雷。?? 臭氧两的面性 What is Ozone? 什赚是臭氧, Ozone is a gas that occurs臭氧气体氧是一赚同赚存在于地球上空和地面的。臭赚人赚健康和赚境既它气决“有利”也“有害”～赚由在大中所赚的位置定。 How can Ozone be both good and bad? 臭氧两赚什赚具有面性, Ozone occurs in two layers臭氧两气气存在于赚大中。接近地表的大赚是赚流赚～在那里存在着地面臭氧即氧氧气它坏;“有害”臭,。赚赚臭是空赚染物～危害呼吸、破作物、赚木和其他植被的生赚～也是市区来达烟赚的主要成分。一般赚～赚流赚高赚6英里～在那里第二赚空与气;即即氧平流赚,交界。平流赚;“有益”臭赚,赚于 6英里到30英里之赚的高空～它保赚着地球上的生命免受有害紫外赚的赚射。 What is happening to the good Ozone layer? “有益”臭氧赚出了什赚赚赚, Ozone is produced naturally臭氧氧自然形成于平流赚～然而赚赚“有益”臭正逐赚遭到人造化物学坏赚的破。赚些化物学称氧赚被赚臭消耗物赚(ODS)～包括赚氟碳氟碳化合物、赚赚化合物、二二赚氟碳虫气甲赚、赚化甲赚、四赚化和三赚乙赚。赚些物赚赚去常用于冷赚赚、起泡赚、赚火器、溶赚、赚赚和溶胶会氧气推赚赚中～赚在有赚仍使用。臭消耗物赚排放到空中后分解非常赚慢。赚赚上～在穿越赚流赚的数它达它阳年赚赚可以一直完好无赚～直到到平流赚。在平流赚～赚被强烈的太紫外赚分解～赚 放出破坏氧学估个坏“有益”臭的赚分子和赚分子。科家赚一赚原子可以破10万“有个益”臭氧分子。 Even though we have reduced or eliminated赚然我赚赚在减几氧少甚至乎不再使用赚些臭消耗物赚～但是赚去的使用仍然能赚破保坏氧研氧赚性臭赚。究表明“有益”臭赚的消耗在全球范赚正在下内降。通赚赚星赚量探赚到保赚性臭氧赚已赚赚薄～特赚是在地两极区上空。 How does the depletion of good Ozone affect human health and the environment?“有益”臭氧的赚耗是如何影响人赚健康和赚境的, Ozone depletion can cause increased臭氧赚耗会从增加紫外赚赚地球的赚射量～而增加皮赚癌、白内障和免疫系赚障碍等疾病的赚病率。赚多的紫外赚照射被赚赚是黑素瘤增加的原因～而黑素瘤是所有皮赚癌中最致命的一赚。自1990年以～来黑素瘤的赚病赚赚已赚增加了一倍多。 UV can also damage紫外赚赚赚赚如大会坏减学豆等敏感作物～造成赚。有些科赚家赚赚海洋浮游植物;海洋食物赚的基赚,已赚遭到了紫外赚赚射的威赚～赚赚威赚赚人赚会来海洋食物的供赚赚不良后果。 What is being done about the depletion of good Ozone正在采取什赚措施来氧保赚“有益”臭, The United States, along with over 180美国与其他180多家已赚个国氧意赚到臭赚耗所赚来并的后果～于1987年赚赚了名赚《蒙特利赚赚定赚》的赚赚～以逐步取消臭氧消耗物赚的生赚和使用。 EPA has established美赚国境保赚署(EPA)已赚布例条逐步取消臭氧学国赚耗化物在美的使用。所有含有赚氟碳化合物或其他赚似物赚都必赚赚上警示赚赚～而非必要臭氧消耗赚品的使用赚完全被禁止。赚赚及家用空赚或其他赚赚使用的制冷赚赚禁排放到空中。有些气氧臭消耗物的替代品已赚生赚出～来其他的赚在研国国氧制中。如果美和其他家停止臭消耗物的生赚～自然形成的臭氧可使臭氧赚厚度在2050年前后恢赚到正常水平。 What causes bad Ozone? “有害”臭氧怎是赚形成的, Ground-level or bad ozone地面的臭氧即氧并;“有害”臭,非被直接排入大～而气是由氮氧阳学化物和赚赚性有机化合物在光作用下赚生化反赚形成。工赚赚赚、赚器赚赚、机赚赚尾气、汽油赚赚物、化学氮氧来溶赚等都是化物和赚赚性有机化合物的主要源。 At ground level,ozone is a harmful pollutant地面臭氧是一赚有害的赚染物。在夏季～受强光和炎赚天气响氧气影～有害臭在空中大量聚集～赚人赚的呼吸构国成健康赚患。美赚多城市及郊区氧很很的“有害”臭赚度都高～同赚多赚村地也赚受高区氧氧臭赚度之患～因赚臭常常可以赚赚随数散到百英里之外。 How does bad ozone affect human health and the environment?“有害”臭氧赚人赚健康和赚境有什赚危害, Breathing ozone can trigger吸入臭氧可引赚胸痛、咳嗽、喉赚赚炎和充血等一系列健康赚赚～使支气气管炎、肺赚、哮喘等疾病赚一步赚化。“有害”臭氧赚会赚致肺功能减弱和肺膜黏赚赚。赚繁吸入臭氧可赚致肺部赚赚永久赚赚。 Healthy people also experience即触氧会使健康人接臭赚染赚也出赚呼吸困赚等反赚。由于臭 氧容易在炎赚气条候件下形成～因此任何在夏天事赚外活赚的人都可能从受其影响儿～尤其是童、赚外工作者以及赚外体数国区气氧国育赚赚的人。百万美人所居住的地大臭含量都超出了家健康赚准。 Ground-level or bad ozone also damags vegetation and ecosystems.存在于地面的臭氧赚危及植被和生赚系赚～降低赚作物和赚赚林木赚量、降低苗木生赚率和成活率以及它虫赚赚病害及赚劣天候的抵御能力。赚以美赚国例～每年地面臭氧减达造成赚作物赚的赚赚赚失就高5赚美元。此外～臭氧坏它叶响国园它赚破赚木和其植被的枝～影城市、家公、森林以及其游憩赚所的景赚。 What is being done about bad ozone正在采取什赚措施赚赚“有害”臭氧, Under the Clean Air Act,根据《清气赚空法》～赚境保赚署赚布了旨在保赚健康的空气氧臭含量赚准。赚境保赚署、各州和各城市已赚赚赚了多赚化的活赚以到赚些达国健康赚准。此外～赚赚展了全性的赚目～以减氮氧另少赚赚、工赚赚赚和赚器排放的化物和赚赚性有机化合物。赚些活赚的一目赚是通赚重新制定燃料和油漆、赚赚性化学溶赚等相赚消赚品的原料配方少来减励赚染。志愿者赚目也鼓市民采取赚等拼来减措施少有害物的排放。 Avtions you can take 能赚做的事情你 High-altitude good ozone高空“有益”臭氧 Protect yourself against sunburn.避免赚。在晒数很况紫外赚指“赚高”或“高”的情下,上午10点到下午4点之赚的太照阳减射最强～少赚外活赚。出赚前20分赚可能多地尽搽晒防指数赚15以上的赚广晒两个搽搽防霜～每小赚赚一次～游泳出及汗后赚及赚赚。 Use approved refrigerants空赚和制冷赚赚赚使用符合赚准的制冷赚。确保赚修汽赚、家用空赚和冰气箱的技赚人赚持有回收制冷赚的赚可赚。赚空赚添加制冷赚之前赚修漏的地方。 地面的“有害”臭氧 Check the air quality forecast 赚看所在城市的空赚气当气数量赚赚。赚赚的空赚量指(AQI)低于健康水平赚～赚控制赚外活赚。在多地很氧达个方臭下午到傍赚期赚到最高赚～因此在赚赚段赚避免高强度的赚外活赚～或者降低活赚强度。有赚空赚气数当体量指～可赚赚地媒赚道～或登赚www.epa.gov/airnow赚赚。 Help your local electric utilities赚赚能源有助于减当气氧少地赚赚赚的臭赚染。在夏天可以考赚自赚赚将温温器的度赚高一些。你赚可以参当加地其他赚能活赚。 Reduce air pollution from car,正使用确和保赚汽赚、赚、卡园燃油割草机及赚赚赚、船只或其他机械～减气少空赚染。夏天～可以在比赚凉爽的赚赚赚段加油～并来小心不要赚汽油赚赚出。少赚赚～多赚～多使用公拼共交通工具～步行或赚赚 Use household and garden慎园学用和赚化品。使用赚赚性有机化合物含量低的油漆和溶赚。赚赚使用赚明～正使用确赚品和赚理赚弃物。