八年级下册期中考试英语试卷及答案完整版

HENsystemofficeroom【HEN16H-HENS2AHENS8Q8-HENH1688】八年级下册期中考试英语试卷及答案2016-2017八年级下英语期期中考试Ⅰ.单项选择（每小题1分，共15分）（）1.—What’sthematteryouryoungersister?—Shehasacough.B.atC.withD.on（）hada,soshewenttoseethedentist.A.headacheB.stomachacheD.fever（）3.Shefinishedthenovelandreturnedittomeintime.A.readreadD.Reads（）4.—Iforgottotakemywallet.Canyoumesomemoney?—Noproblem.Hereyouare.A.lend（）5.Yourbedroomisverydirty.Pleaseatonce.A.cleanupititupupthemthemup（）6.Maryissinginganddreamsofbeingasinger.A.angryofinat（）7.—HaveyouheardthatUFOlandedonCenterStreetyesterday?—Ofcourse.AndaliengotoutoftheUFOandvisitedtheTVstation.;the;an;an;an（）8.—Ihavetoomuchhouseworktodoathome.—askyourhusbandforhelp?candon’tnotabout（）9.—Whatareyougoingtodoifittomorrow?—Ihaven’tthoughtaboutit.’train’trainC.doesn’train’training（）teachermymobilephonebecauseIuseditinclass.outawayoffplace（）11.—HowlongcanIthisbook?—Foraweek.（）12.Thegirlicecreaminthesofawhiletheboypaperatthetable.eating;wascuttingeating;cut;wascutting;cut（）13Theythelibrary_______silence.（）14.—Howareyougettingonwithyourwork?—Ican’tdoitanymore.Ineedhelp.（）hadtoputoff____thesportsmeetingbecauseoftheheavyrain.A.havehaveD.hadⅡ　完型填空（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文所给的四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项Childrenaresometimes16__onweekendsthanweekdays17_manyafter-schoolclasses.Manyofthemarelearningexamskills18_getintoagoodhighschoolandlateragooduniversity.Othersarepracticingsportssothattheycancompete19____othersandwin.However,thisdoesn’tonlyhappeninChina.20_TaylorsareatypicalAmericanfamily.LifeofCathyTaylor’sthreechildren21verybusy.“Onmostdaysafterschool,”Cathysays,“Itakeoneofmytwoboystobasketballpracticeandmydaughtertofootballtraining.ThenIhavetotake22sontopianolessons.MaybeIcouldcut23_afewoftheiractivities,butIbelievetheseareimportantformychildren’sfuture.Ireallywantthem24.”However,thetiredchildrendon’tgethomeuntilafter7:00.Theyhaveaquickdinner,andthenit’stimeforhomework.LindaMiller,amotherofthree,knowsallabout25_stress.“Insomefamilies,competitionstartsveryyoungandcontinuesuntilthekidsgetolder,”shesays.“Motherssendtheirsmallkidstoallkindsofclasses.Andtheyarealways26_themwithotherchildren.It’scrazy.Idon’tthinkthatisfair.WhynotlettheirchildrenbekidsPeopleshould’tpushtheirkidssohard.Doctorsays27_pressureisnotgoodforachild’s28_.DrAliceGreensaysalltheseactivitiescancauselotsofstressforchildren.“Kidsshouldhavetimetorelaxandthinkfor29__,too.30__it’snormaltowantsuccessfulkids,it’sevenmoreimportanttohavehappychildrenforparents.”()16.A.busyB.busilyC.busiestD.busier()17.A.becauseofC.so()18.A.sothatB.inordertoC.inorderthatD.for()19.A.toB.atC.with()20.A.aB.MyD.The()21.A.isB.areC.beD.was()22.A.anyotherB.otherC.theotherD.others()23.A.upB.outC.downD.off()24.successfulB.tosuccessfulC.tobesuccessfulD.tosuccess()25.A.soB.asC.forD.such()26.A.comparingcompareC.comparedD.tocompete()27.A.toomanyB.toomuchC.muchtooD.alot()28.A.developedB.developingC.developmentD.develop()29.A.themB.theirC.othersD.themselves()30.A.AlthoughB.butC.becauseD.soⅢ阅读理解（共15小题，计30分）阅读下列短文并做每篇后面的题目。从各题A、B、C、D中选出能正确回答所提问题或完成所给句子的最佳答案。AAmandecidedtotakeoff（动身）earlyfromworkandgodrinking.Hestayedthereuntilthebarclosedatthreeinthemorning,andhewasdrunk(喝醉酒的)atthattime.Afterleavingthebar,hereturnedhomeonfoot.Whenheenteredhishouse,hedidn'twanttowakehiswife,sohetookoffhisshoesandstartedtiptoeing(用脚尖走)upthestairs.Halfwayupthestairs,hefelldown.Thatwouldn'thavebeensobad,buthehadsomeemptybottlesinhisbackpockets,andtheybroke.Thebrokenglasshurthisbackterribly.Hewassodrunkthathedidn'tknowhewashurt.Afewminuteslater,whenhewastakingoffhisclothes,henoticedtheblood,sohelookedhimselfoverinthemirror.Hefoundhisbackwashurtterribly.Herepairedthedamage(受损的)asgoodashecouldandthenhewenttobed.Thenextmorninghisheadwashurting,hisbackwashurting,andhewastryingtothinkupagoodstorywhenhiswifecameintothebedroom.Hetoldhiswifehisstory.“Well,youreallytiedoneonlastnight,”shesaid,“andwheredidyougo”“Iworkedlate,”hesaid,“andIstoppedforacupofbeer.”“AcupofbeerThat’sajoke,”shereplied,“andyouweredrunklastnight.Wheredidyougo”“WhatmakesyousosureIgotdrunklastnight”“Well,”shereplied,“myfirstbigclue(线索)waswhenIgotupthismorning,IfoundmanyBand-Aids(创可贴)onthemirror.”（）mandidn'twanttowakehiswifebecause.A.helovedhiswifeverymuchB.hewasafraidthathewouldbehurtC.hewasafraidhiswifewouldfindhimdrunkD.hiswifelikedhimdoingso（）didthewifefindherhusbandgotdrunkA.Shewasveryclever.B.ShefoundmanyBand-Aidsonthemirror.C.Shefoundsomebrokenbottles.D.Sheknewherhusbandverywell.（）underlinedphrase“tiedoneon”maymean“”.A.摔倒B.躺在地上C.受伤D.喝醉（）34..Whendidthemanfindhimselfhurt?A.Whenhetookoffhisclothestogotobed.B.Whenhefelldowntotheground.C.Atthreeo’clockinthemorning.D.Whenhisheadandbackwerehurting.BTheGrahamfamilyofKansasdidsomethingveryunusuallastyear.MrandMrsGrahamdidnotgotowork,andtheirchildrendidnotgotoschool.Instead,CraigandMarleneGrahamandtheirchildren,Courtney,12,andCollier,4,traveledtogetherinavan(箱式车)anddroveacrossAmericaforawholeyear.First,CraigandMarlenesoldtheirbusiness(生意).Craighadafruitbusiness,andMarleneownedasmallnewspaper.Thentheysoldtheirlargehouse.Finally,Courtneysaidgoodbyetoherclassmates,andtheirdreamtripbegan.TheGrahamfamilystartedtheirtriponJuly4.Theyvisitedbigcitiesandsmalltownsinall50states.TheyalsovisitedthebirthplacesofalltheUnitedStates’Presidents(总统).Theywantedtovisitmanyinterestingplaces,parks,andzoosintheUnitedStates,buttheyalsowantedtomeettheAmericanpeople.TheGrahamshadmanywonderfulexperiences.Manypeoplewereveryfriendlyandhelpfultothem.SomepeopleinvitedtheGrahamfamilytostayintheirhomeswiththem.Everyday,Marlenewrotereportsaboutherfamily’strip.Shedescribedthefamily’sdailyexperiences,wheretheywent,andwhattheydid.Courtneykeptajournalofherlifeontheway.MarleneandCourtneyputtheirwritingontheInternet.SchoolchildrenfromallovertheUnitedStatesfollowedtheGrahamfamily’stripbyusingcomputersathomeandinschool.SomechildrenwroteletterstotheGrahamfamily.AmericannewspaperscarriedstoriesabouttheGrahams,andpeoplemetthefamilyonTVshows.Attheendoftheyear,Craigsaidthattheyallhadawonderfultrip.Courtneysaidthatshemissedherfriendsatschool,butalsoenjoyedthetripverymuch.TheGrahamstraveled54,944miles.Theyreturnedhomeonthesamedatethattheyleft:July4.TheyplantowriteabookabouttheirtravelstodescribeeverythingtheylearnedabouttheircountryandtheAmericanpeople.（）35Tomaketheirtravelpossible,theGrahams___________.A.borrowedsomemoneyfromtheirfriendsB.soldtheirbusinessandlargehouseC.receivedlotsofmoneyfromtheTVstationsD.mademoneybywritingreportstonewspapers（）36.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.TheGrahamsvisitedalltheplacesintheUS.B.TheGrahamsvisitedalltheC.TheGrahamswenttoallthefiftystatesoftheircountry.D.TheGrahamsmetmanyfriendlypeopleduringtheirtravel.（）37.AmericanpeoplecouldlearnsomethingabouttheGrahams’tripwiththehelpof_________.A.newspapersB.TVC.theInternetD.alloftheabove第二部分非选择题(共40分)CⅣ　任务型阅读Todayitisfoundthatmostmiddleschoolstudentspaylittleattentionto’sbecausetheyhavenointerestinmaynotbethefact.　Theyoftensaytheyhaveothermoreimportantthingstodo.WhataretheseimportantthingsExams!Theyusuallyspendovertenhoursadaystudyingforexams.Somanyofthemalmostbecomebookworms.Inthesummerholidaystheycouldhardlydoanythingtheylike.Books①____themfromgoinginfor①____.②因为来自父母和老师的压力,他们不得不更加努力学习.Asforthestudentsthemselves,theywanttogetgoodresultssothattheycangofurtherfortheirstudies.③Theydon’thavetoputalltheireffortintostudyingandgiveupallthesportsandhobbies.Infact,educationcannotgowithoutphysicalexercise,becauseaquickmindhardlygoesalongaweakbody.Allthestudentsshouldremember:Ifyoudon’thaveastrongbody,youcanneverachieveanything,38、在①句的空白处填入适当的词使句意完整，上下文通顺。_________________39、将②句译成英文。_______________________________________________________________40、将③句译成中文_____________________________________________________________________41、找出文中或写出最能 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 达该短文主题的句子。___________________________________________________________DZhangZhaojie,a13-year-oldschoolboyinXiamenenjoyedmanysnacksduringSpringFestival.“Ilovechocolateandchipsverymuch.Theyarehighinsugarandfat.ButIcan’thelpeatingthem,”Zhangsaid.Recently,anonlinelistoffavoritesnacksinChinabecamepopular.Itsaidthatpeanuts,walnutsandchocolatearegoodforourhealth,andjelly,potatochipsandlollipops(棒棒糖)are“bad”.Almosteverykidontheplanetlovessnacks,andtheyseldomcarehowhealthytheyare.Althoughsomesnackslikechocolateandcandyarefoundeverywhere,othersareunique(独特的)toacountryoraculture.InJapan,Matcha(抹茶)isakindofgreenteapowder.It’smadefromtealeavesandcanbeusedwithicecreamorcakes.Infact,MatchaoriginatedinChinabuttookoffinJapan.BiscuitsorcookiescoveredwithchocolatearealsoaJapanesefavorite.PotatochipsandFrenchfriesareverypopularintheUS.Theyarecheapbuttasty.Buttheyarehighincaloriesandeatingtoomuchmaymakeyoufat.Popcornisanothertypicalsnack.Peopleeatitwhentheyarewatchingsportsgamesorvisitingtheamusementpark.MostcinemasalsosellPopcorn.IntheUK,manypeoplesitdownforsnacksataround4.everyday.Theycallit“afternoontea”.Traditionalafternoonteaisbiscuitsandtea.Peoplealsohavescones(烤饼)withjamandcream,whichisprobablythemostclassicEnglishsnack.CountriesSnacksWhatitislikeJapanMatcha★akindofgreenteapowdermadefromJapan★oftenusedwithicecreamorcakesBiscuitsorcookies★usuallyhave42______onthemTheUSPotatochipsandFrenchfries★cheapandtasty43_______★whenwatchingsportsgames★whenvisitingtheamusementparkTheUKBiscuitsand44★thetraditionalafternoonteaScones★eatenwith45____Ⅵ.用所给词的适当形式填空（10分）youplease（clean）yourroomrightnowsureyoucanfinishthework(you)madea(decide)tohelpthehomelesschildrenoftenseesome(understand)theteacher’squestionsaretryingtheirbest(study)Englishwellareallsurprisedtohissudden(die)isdifficult(answer)thisquestionactivitiesaregoodforchildren’s(develop)parentsoftenmakeme(sweep)theflooryoumind(open)thewindows?Ⅶ.根据对话 内容 财务内部控制制度的内容财务内部控制制度的内容人员招聘与配置的内容项目成本控制的内容消防安全演练内容 ，用合适的句子补全对话。(10分)根据对话内容，用合适的句子补全对话A:Howareyoufeelingnow?B:Letmetakeyourtemperature.C;Thankyouverymuch.D:What’sthematterwithyou?E:Didyoueatanythingforbreakfastthismorning?A:Goodmorning,Doctor.B:Goodmorning,myboy!_____61_______(1)A:I’vegotaheadacheandacough.I’msurethere’ssomethingwrongwithme.B:_____62____A:I’mfeelingevenworsenow.B:________63____.Oh,it’sabithigh.I’mafraidyou’vegotacold.Howlonghaveyoubeenlikethis?A:Evensincelastnight.Isitserious,doctor?B:No.Nothingserious..___64A:No,Ididn’tfeellikeeatinganythingthismorning.WhatshouldIdo,doctor?B:Well,don’tworryaboutit.Takethemedicinethreetimesaday.Stayinbedtohaveagoodrestanddrinkmorewater.You’llgetwellsoon.A:___65______,doctor.Goodbye.B:That’sallright.Goodbye.Ⅷ.根据汉语意思完成句子（每小题1分，共5分）我妈妈昨天晚上得了重感冒。Mymotherlastnight.67.我现在习惯住在农村了。NowI’minthecountryside.68.老师要我把这些试卷分发给学生们。Theteacheraskedmepaperstostudents.69.我进来的时候，他们正在谈论天气。TheytheweatherwhenIcamein.70.他太累了，很快就睡着了。Hewastiredthathesoon.Ⅹ. 书 关于书的成语关于读书的排比句社区图书漂流公约怎么写关于读书的小报汉书pdf 面表达（共15分）假设你是菲菲，最近一直不开心，你正在向你的姑姑倾诉你的烦恼：1.我在学校有很多好朋友，我们彼此相得都很好。2.每天我们一起打球，有时候看电影。3.但是有一天，我的一个朋友丢了一百块钱。他认为是我拿了他的钱，而且他还把这件事告诉了其他朋友。4.我很伤心，不知道该怎么办。我需要你的帮助，你能给我建议吗？要求：1）80词左右；2）条理清晰，语句连贯。Dearaunt,答题卷Ⅰ.单项选择（每小题1分，共15分）123456789101112131415CCCABCCCABDACBCⅡ　完型填空（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）161718192021222324252627282930DABCDACBCDABCDAⅢ阅读理解（共15小题，计30分）31323334353637CBDABAD38stopsports39.Becauseoftoomuchpressurefromparentsandteachers,theyhavetoworkharder.40.他们不必把所有的精力都放在学习上，而放弃所有的运动和业余爱好。41.Ifyoudon’thaveastrongbody,youcanneverachieveanything.42chocolate43.Popcorns44tea45.JamandcreamⅥ.用所给词的适当形式填空（10分）51.clean52.yourself53.decision54.tounderstand55.tostudy56.death57.toanswer58.development59.sweep60.openingⅦ.根据对话内容，用合适的句子补全对话。(10分)Ⅷ.根据汉语意思完成句子（每小题2分，共10分）66.hadabadcold67.usedtoliving68.togiveout69.weretalkingabout70.sofellasleep语法讲解：现在分词与动名词的区别2013-10-1514:03分类：学校英语作者：hongmeizxxk阅读：65967在英语教学过程中，不少学生会混淆动名词与现在分词。在遇到动词的-ing形式时，他们比较难区分到底什么时候动词的-ing形式是动名词，什么时候是现在分词。为了区分这两者，首先，我们要从概念上认识它们。动词的-ing形式在起名词作用时，称为动名词；用作形容词时，称为现在分词。其次，我们要从用法方面区分动词的-ing形式是动名词还是现在分词。一、动词的-ing形式用作主语时，其为动名词，现在分词不可以用作主语。1．动名词用作主语。ReadingFrenchiseasierthanspeakingit.阅读法文比讲法语容易。Talkingtohimistalkingtoawall.和他说话等于对牛弹琴。Smokingcancausecancer.吸烟会致癌。Growingrosesisherhobby.种玫瑰是她的爱好。2．有时it作形式主语，把动名词主语放在句子后面。It’sniceseeingyouagain.再次见到你太好了。Itwastiringdrivingfrommorningtillnight.从早到晚开车很累人。It’sawondermeetingyouhere.在这里碰到你真是奇迹。Itwasawasteoftimereadingthatbook.看那本书是浪费时间。3．“Thereis+no”后可以用动名词作主语Therewasnoknowingwhathecoulddo.他能做什么很难说。Therewasnoarguingwithher.没法和她争论。二、动词的-ing形式用作宾语时，其为动名词，现在分词不可以用作宾语。1．有许多动词可接动名词作宾语Isuggestedbringingthemeetingtoanend.我建议结束会议。Soyoupreferlivingabroad这样说你更愿意住在国外Hekeptcomplaining.他不停地抱怨。Ifinishedreadingthebooklastnight.这书我昨晚看完了。2．有许多带介词的动词固定搭配接动名词作宾语Hehasgivenupplayingfootball.他现在不踢足球了。Priceskeeponincreasing.价格不断上涨。三、当动词的-ing形式用作状语时，其为现在分词，动名词不可以用作状语。现在分词及其短语从表意的角度看可以用作状语，表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。其动作可能发生在谓语之前或之后，也可能与谓语动词的动作同时发生。Climbingtothetopofthetower,wesawamagnificentview.我们爬到塔顶后，看到了一片壮丽的景象。（表时间）Livinginthecountry,wehadfewsocialengagements.我们住在乡下，交际的机会很少。（表原因）Apersonstandingatthecenterofoneofthebroadercraterswouldbeunabletoseethecraterwalls.一个人如站在更广阔的火山口的中间，就会看不到火山口壁。（表条件）Knowingallthis,theymademepayforthedamage.尽管他们了解这一切，还是要我赔偿损失。（表让步）Thechildfell,strikinghisheadagainstthedoorandcuttingit.那孩子跌倒了，头碰在门上碰破了。（表结果）Hestoodleaningagainstthewall.他靠墙站着。（表方式或伴随情况）四、动名词与现在分词都可以用作表语，当动词的-ing为名词时，动词的-ing为动名词。动词的-ing为形容词时，动词的-ing为现在分词。1．动名词用作表语Herhobbyispainting.她的爱好是绘画。Herjobwastendingthesheep.她的工作是放羊。Themainthingisgettingthereintime.首要的事是及时到达那里。2．现在分词用作表语Thenewsisencouraging.这消息令人鼓舞。Thisstoryisveryinteresting.这个故事很有趣。Thedaywassocharming.天气真是好极了。Thedifferencewasmoststriking.差别很明显。五、动名词与现在分词都可以用作定语现在分词表示其所修饰的名词的动作，也可以说，现在分词与其所修饰的名词在逻辑上具有主谓关系。动名词则表示其修饰的名词的性质，两者在逻辑上无主谓关系。1．动名词作定语，动名词表性质或用途或功能。swimmingpool游泳池drinkingwater饮用水swimmingsuit游泳衣waitingroom候车室sleepingbag睡袋parkinglot停车场sleepingpill安眠药parkingmeter停车计时writingdesk写字桌sewingmachine缝纫机writingpaper信纸operatingtable手术室divingsuit潜水衣readingroom阅览室divingboard跳板threshingground打谷场washingmachine洗衣机boxingcompetition拳击比赛washingpowder洗衣粉speakingcontest演讲比赛drawingboard绘图板checkingaccount活期账户drawingpin图钉bankingsystem银行系统fishingpole钓鱼杆fishingline钓鱼线2．现在分词作定语与其所修饰的名词在逻辑上具有主谓关系dwindlingprofits日益减少的利润aboomingtown日渐繁荣的城镇growingdoubts越来越大的怀疑increasingdemand日益增长的需求theexistingcondition现有条件diminishingreturns日益减少的效益theremainingdays剩下的岁月theprevailingfashion盛行的时装ashiningexample光辉的榜样lastingpeace持久的和平afallingstar流星theleadingnewspapers主要报纸developingcountries发展中国家therulingclass统治阶级livingthings有生命的东西theageingpopulation日益老化的人口therisinggeneration在成长的一代aresoundingvictory辉煌的胜利六、现在分词可以用作补语，现在分词用作宾语补语时，与前面的宾语构成复合宾语。在复合宾语中，用现在分词作宾补，说明宾语是动作的发出者，形成逻辑上的主谓关系；用过去分词作宾补，表示宾语是动作的承受者，构成逻辑上的动宾关系。　具有这种复合宾语的动词多为表示感觉的动词，如：smell,observe,watch,notice,lookat,listento等。另外，有些使役动词如have,set,get,catch,keep,leave等可以后面接含有现在分词的复合宾语。还有，作为宾语补语的现在分词有时前面可有as，前面的动词多用regard,consider,describe,quote,picture,see,thinkof等。现在分词用作主语补语，多用在被动结构中，与主语构成复合主语。Wefoundhimwaitingtoreceiveus.我们发现他等着欢迎我们。Wekeptthefireburningallthetime.我们使火一直燃烧着。Theydescribedtheyoungmanashavinginitiativeanddrive.他们说这青年积极肯干。Hewasseengoingupstairs.有人看见他上楼。Therewassomuchnoisethatthespeakercouldn'tmakehimselfheard.七.如果－ing形式在句中充当状语和补语，那么它一定是现在分词。如果－ing形式在句中充当主语、宾语、同位语，那么它一定是动名词；如果－ing形式在句中充当定语、表语，那么它有可能是现在分词，也有可能是动名词。1、toomuch“太多，过多”用做形容词或代词，可以修饰不可数名词或用来代替不可数名词。例：Therewastoomuchnoiseinthenextdoor.Youshouldn’thaveeatentoomuch.toomuch也可以放在某些动词之后，做状语，表示程度，这些词有：work，talk，walk，thank等。例：Shedoestalktoomuch,doesn’tshe2、muchtoo“实在，太”用来修饰形容词或副词，其实too就是用来修饰形容词或副词，在它前面加上much则更能表示程度“太”。例：Thedressismuchtoolongforme.Theproblemismuchtoodifficultforustosolve.另外，too+adj./adv之前若想要加强语气，除much之外，还可以使用alittle，alot，far和all等来修饰，但不能使用very或quite。例：Thesoupisalittletoosweetforme.toomuch除做状语外，还可以用做主语、表语、宾语和定语。例：Toomuchwashappeningallatonce.(做主语)Ihavegottoomuchtodo.（做宾语)Jackdranktoomuchwineyesterday.(做定语)Sheisafraidthetripwillbetoomuchforme.(做表语)一、现在分词和动名词在形式上非常的相似，但是，动名词和现在分词在用法上是有区别的。所谓动名词就是名词，不过它仍一方面保留着动词的某些特征，具有动词的某些变化形式，用以表达名词所不能表达的较为复杂的意念，另一方面动名词在句子的用法及功能与名词类同:在句子可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语。它也可以被副词修饰或者用来支配宾语。例如:runintoconstantdiscriminationintryingtofindajoborfriend.在寻找工作和结交朋友方面，他们不断地受到歧视。indigsmeanshavingoneroominsomeone'shouse.寄居的意思是在别人的家里借住一间房间。动名词用法口诀:动名词常泛指，句法作用宾/表/定与主，时态/语态之形式，一般/完成/被动式。Beingdone系被动，不含任何进行意。用作主语请留意，常用it作形式主语，不指未来发生事，表达的信息系已知。用作表语请记清，作用相当一名词，检验方法很简单，主与表换位能成立。用作定语也易辩，表示名词之用途。用作宾语稍复杂，关键留意谓语动词(跟动名词作宾语的常用动词附后)，时态同谓动作比较，先于谓动用完成式，其逻辑主语不固定，在句中/句外均有之。否定式其前加not，复合式其前加物主词，非句首宾格词也可用，尤其口语中更如此。二、现在分词(presentparticiple)相当于形容词，在句中作定语或者状语，所以当-ing形式出现在句中作主语，宾语，同位语时，它肯定动名词，当-ing形式出现在句中作状语时，它肯定是现在分词。三、动名词和现在分词都可以用于系动词之后作表语，区别方法是:1、作表语的动名词与主语指的是同一件事,此时系动词相当于“是”,通常把主语和表语的位置互换,语法和意思不变,例如:Myhobbyisswimming.可改为Swimmingismyhobby.(可将原句中的主语与表语位置互换)2、现在分词作表语主要用以说明主语的性质,不能与主语互换位置,例如:Thestoryisinteresting.不可改为:Interestingisthestory.四、动名词和现在分词都可以用作定语来修饰名词,两者的区别在于:动名词修饰名词时主要表示该名词的用途,而现在分词修饰名词时性质状态或动作等试比较:1、aswimmingboy和aswimmingsuit前者的意思是“一个正在游泳的男孩”，即aboywhoisswimming,现在分词swimming表示被修饰名词boy的动作;而后者的意思是“游泳衣”，即asuitforswimming,动名词swimming表示suit的用途2、asleepingchild和asleepingcar前者的意思是“一个正在睡觉的孩子”，即achildwhoissleeping,现在分词sleeping表示被修饰名词child正处于的状态;而后者的意思是“卧车(被用来睡觉的车厢)”，即acarwhichisusedforsleeping，动名词sleeping表示car的用途