物流中英文词典

Documentnumber【AA80KGB-AA98YT-AAT8CB-2A6UT-A18GG】物流中英文词典LogisticsGlossaryVersionRevisionHistoryDateIssueDescriptionAuthor23/Mar/2001初始创建，参考了Exe（全球领先的仓库管理系统软件供应商）的物流术语表Luke20/Sep/2001增补了国家 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 物流术语GB/T183542001的部分内容LukeTableofContents1.Introduction62.Definitions7AdvancedPlanningandScheduling(APS)7AdvancedShipNotice(ASN)7AutomatedStorageandRetrievalSystem(AS/RS)7BackOrder7BatchPicking(BatchSelection)7BillofLading7Carrier7Cart8Case8CasePack8Code-Dated8Consolidation9Conveyor9CrossDocking9Distribution9DistributionCenter9DistributionChannel10Distributionlogistics10DistributionPlanning10DistributionProcessing10Distributionrequirementplanning（DRP）10Distributionresourceplanning（DRPⅡ）10Distributor10Dock10DockDoor11DryGrocery11Dunnage11ECR(EfficientCustomerResponse)11EDI(ElectronicDataInterchange)11Enterpriseresourceplanning（ERP）11FIFO(FirstInFirstOut)11FixedSlot11FloatingSlot12FloorSlot12FlowThru12ForkLift12ForwardLocation12FreightCharges12FullPalletSelect13Gravity-FlowRack13Handling/carrying13HandlingUnit13HarmonizedTariffCode13HarardousClass/Indicator13Inbound13InnerPack13Inventory14InventoryAdjustment14InventoryControl14InventoryDetail14Invoice14Justintime(JIT)14JITDeliverySystem14Label15LeadTime15LTL(Less-Than-Truckload)15LetDown(Replenishment)15LicensePlate15Loadingandunloading15Logistics15Logisticscenter16LotNumber16Materialrequirementsplanning（MRP）16Manufacturingresourceplanning（MRPⅡ）16MinimumOrderRequirements16MixedLoad16NarrowAisle17NumberingSystem17Orderpicking17OrderSelection17Out-Of-Stock17Outbound17Package/packaging17Pallet17PalletCube18PhysicalInventory18PickRate18ProductionDetail18ProductionID18Productionlogistics18PurchaseOrder18Put-away18Quickresponse（QR）19Rack19RackBay19Receiving19Replenishment19ReplenishmentLevel19RetailUnit19RFUnit19SafetyStock20SalesOrder20ServiceLevel20Shipping20ShippingUnit/ShippingCase20Slot(Location)20Sorting20Split-Case(Broken-Case)21StagingArea21Stereoscopicwarehouse21SKU(StockKeepingUnit)21StorageandReplenishment21Storing21Storage21StraightLoad21Supplier(Vendor)22SupplyChain22SCE(SupplyChainExecution)22SuplyChainInventoryVisibility22SCM(SuplyChainManagement)23SCP(SupplyChainPlanning)23Supplylogistics23Transportation23ThirdPartyLogistics(TPL)24TMS(TransporationManagementSystem)24TransportationPlanningandScheduling24UPC(UniversalProductCode)24Virtuallogistics24VMI(Vendor-ManagedInventory)24Warehouse24WMS(WarehouseManagementSystem)25WarehousePoint25Zero-inventorytechnology252525252525252525262626262626262626LogisticsGlossary1.Introduction本文档定义了物流领域中的一些术语。人们在沟通中出现的很多障碍或误解往往是由于对于一些基本概念没有统一认识而造成的，因此术语的标准化是非常重要的，术语标准化是有效沟通的基础。本文档采用中英文对照的形式，本人依据原文并结合自己的理解进行了意译，期望使用本文档的同事能对文档内容进行勘误和丰富，以便更好的为大家的工作带来方便。.2.Definitions本文档定义了物流领域中的一些术语.AdvancedPlanningandScheduling(APS)高级 计划 项目进度计划表范例计划下载计划下载计划下载课程教学计划下载 和调度Asubcomponentofsupplychainplanning,typicallycontextuallydescribingmanufacturingplanningandscheduling.供应链计划的子模块，典型的包括了制造计划和调度AdvancedShipNotice(ASN)提前到货通知Electronicmessage,includingelectronicdatainterchange(EDI)orExtensibleMarkupLanguage(XML),givingnotificationofproductduepriortoreceipt.以EDI或XML电子报文形式发给仓库的提前到货通知，仓库将据此安排收货计划AutomatedStorageandRetrievalSystem(AS/RS)Computer-drivenhighrisesystemusedtostoreandselectcasesoritemsautomatically.Asystemtypicallyconsistsofhighriseshelving,multi-levelconveyors,andhighriseindustrialtruckequipment.BackOrderTheautomaticadditionoftheout-of-stockslistedononeordertoanothershipmentbeingdeliveredtoaretailstore.Therearetwotypesofbackorders:1)receiving–comingfromasupplierorvendor(thebackorderissentwiththenextorder),and2)shipping–goingtoacustomer(sendthebackorderwiththenextorder).Theprocessacompanyuseswhenacustomerordersanitemthatisnotininventory;thecompanyfillstheorderwhentheitembecomesavailable.BatchPicking(BatchSelection)批量拣货Amethodoforderselectioninwhichseveralordersfordifferentcus-tomers,ora"batch"ofthem,arepickedtogether.Generally,anumberofselectorsworkatthesametimeindifferentsectionsofthefacilitytopickthebatch.拣货的一种方法，具体指同时拣取不同客户的若干张定单或一批定单BillofLading提单Adocumentissuedbyacarrierthatrecordsthereceiptofgoodsforshipmentandthecontractterms.Itisnotaninvoice.由承运人签发给委托方 记录 混凝土 养护记录下载土方回填监理旁站记录免费下载集备记录下载集备记录下载集备记录下载 货物收到及运输 合同 劳动合同范本免费下载装修合同范本免费下载租赁合同免费下载房屋买卖合同下载劳务合同范本下载 条款的单证，提单是有价证券，可转让、抵押，但不是商业发票Carrier承运人Anyindividual,company,orcorporationengagedintransportinggoods.从事货物运输的个人或公司Cart手推车Amanuallypushedorpulledplatformthathasahandleandfourwheels.Itisusedtomovemerchandiseinthefacility.具有把手和四轮可手工推拉的平台，用于在仓库中移动货物Case箱Thestoragecasethatistakeninatreceiving.Thiscanvaryfromaven-dorcasewhenitissplitduringreceiving.Thecolumninatablerepre-sentsthenumberofretailunitsinacase.Example:Product:12oz.ColacansCase:24cansinamastercaseInnerPack:6canstiedtogetherwithplastic(asix-pack)RetailUnit:AsinglecanInthisexample,ifthecustomerordersbysix-packs,theshippingunitwouldbesetto6.Ifthecustomerordersbythecase,theshippingunitwouldbesetto24.Ifthecustomerordersbytheretailunit,theshippingunitwouldbesetto1.Note:Thisisonlyoneexampleofthemanydifferentwaysthataproductcanbesetup.Asingleproduct'sshippingunitcanbesetdifferentlyondifferentproductdetails.收货时的存储容器，因供应商而异，例如：产品：可乐箱：24罐/主箱内包装：6罐用塑料膜捆起来（6罐包）零售单位：1罐在上面的例子中，如果客户按6罐包来定，则发运单位将设置为6，若客户按箱来定，则发运单位设置为24，假如客户按零售单位来定，则发运单位设置为1CasePackThenumberofsellingunitsinashippingcase.Code-Dated日期编码Merchandisebearingadatecodeindicatingwhenaproductwaspack-aged,placedondisplay,orshouldbesold.Codedatesfacilitaterotationandhelppreventthesaleofoff-qualityitems.每件货品给一个日期编码表示何时被包装、展示、应该被销售，应用日期编码可防止销售已经变质的商品Consolidation集货Theactofassemblingless-than-truckload(LTL)shipmentsintotruck-load(TL)shipments.将不够一个整车或整柜的货拼成一个整车或整柜，目前海、陆、空、铁都有集货操作Conveyor传送带Aflexiblebandorbeltusedtotransportcasesorproductsfromoneplaceinafacilitytoanother.仓储中用来传送箱子或产品的带子CrossDocking越库管理Product(usuallyinpalletquantities)isdesignatedforcertaincustomersbeforeoratthetimeofdelivery.Theproductistakendirectlyfromtheinbounddocktotheoutbounddock.Note:Thereceivedquantityisnotaddedintotheinventory.货物从入口站台收货后，直接运到出口站台装车出运（收到的数量不计入库存）Distribution配送、分销Themovementofproductsfromwheretheyaremadetowheretheyareused.Therearefourlevelsoffoodstoredistribution:manufacturing,wholesaling,retailing,andconsuming.在经济合理区域范围内，根据用户要求，对物品进行拣选、加工、包装、分割、组配等作业，并按时送达指定地点的物流活动。（GB/T18354-2001）DistributionCenter配送中心Wholesalefacilityofachain-storecompanyordistributor.（GB/T18354-2001）从事配送业务的物流场所或组织，应符合下列要求：a）主要为特定的用户服务b）配送功能健全c）完善的信息网络d）辐射范围小e）多品种、小批量f）以配送为主，储存为辅DistributionChannel分销渠道Thesellingchannelssupportedbyanenterprise.Thesemayincluderetailsales,distributionpartner.,wholesale)sales,originalequipmentmanufacturer(OEM)sales,Internetexchangeormarketplacesales,andInternetauctionorreverseauctionssales.Distributionlogistics销售物流（GB/T18354-2001）生产企业、流通企业出售商品时，物品在供方与需方之间的实体流动。DistributionPlanning配送计划Theabilitytoassesswhereproductsandservicesshouldbedeployedanddeterminethestock-keepingunit/location-levelreplenishmentplan.决定在多仓库环境下每个仓库的补货计划DistributionProcessing流通加工（GB/T18354-2001）物品在从生产地到使用地的过程中，根据需要施加包装、分割、计量、分拣、刷标志、栓标签、组装等简单作业的总称。Distributionrequirementplanning（DRP）配送需求计划（GB/T18354-2001）一种既保证有效地满足市场需要，又能使得物流资源配置费用最省的计划方法，是MRP原理与方法在物品配送中的运用。Distributionresourceplanning（DRPⅡ）配送资源计划（GB/T18354-2001）一种企业内物品配送计划系统管理模式。是在DRP的基础上提高各环节的物流能力，达到系统优化运行的目的。Distributor分销商Generallyreferstoawholesaler.However,italsoreferstoaspecializedwholesalerwhohandlesonebrandorcategoryofproduct.,appliances,automotives,andglassware).通常指批发商，有时也指经营某一品牌或某一类产品（如汽车、玻璃制品等）的专业批发商Dock码头、站台Acollectionofdockdoorswheretrucksorrailcarsareloaded(shipping)orunloaded(receiving).卡车或火车可进行装卸货作业的场所，有很多门DockDoor站台门Usedtoloadorunloadtrailersorvans.Eachdockdoorisidentifiedindividuallywithinthesystem.用于车辆装卸，在系统中将会标识每一个门DryGrocery干货Non-perishable,unrefrigeratedpackagedproductsfoundinfoodstores非易腐的、非冷冻的包装产品DunnageLoosematerialusedaroundcargotopreventdamage包在货物周围用于防止破损的疏松 材料 关于××同志的政审材料调查表环保先进个人材料国家普通话测试材料农民专业合作社注销四查四问剖析材料 ECR(EfficientCustomerResponse)快速客户反应Aconsumergoods(primarilygrocery)initiativeaimedatreducinginefficientpracticesandwasteinthesupplychainEDI(ElectronicDataInterchange)电子数据交换Acomputersystemdevelopedin1982thatenablescompaniestocommunicateelectronicallyusingUniformCommunicationsStandards(UCS).EDIcanbeusedfororderentry,invoices,andcorrespondencewhicheliminatestheneedfortypewrittendocuments.Enterpriseresourceplanning（ERP）企业资源计划（GB/T18354-2001）在MRPⅡ基础上，通过前馈的物流和反馈的信息流、资金流，把客户需求和企业内部的生产经营活动以及供应商的资源整合在一起，体现完全按用户需求进行经营管理的一种全新的管理方法。FIFO(FirstInFirstOut)先进先出Usingthefirst-in,first-out(FIFO)methodtostockandsellmerchan-dise;theoldestissoldfirsttoensurequalityandfreshness.Rotationisoftenguidedbycode-dating先进先出应用于库存管理和销售中，即先入库的商品应该先出库以保证质量和鲜度FixedSlot固定货槽Apreassignedandpermanentlocationontheselectionlineforaparticularitemorcase(s)ofmerchandise.SeealsoFloatingSlot.FloatingSlot流动货槽Arandomlocationontheselectionlineforaparticularitemorcaseofmerchandise.Inboundpalletsareplacedinthefirstavailableopenslot(orinseveraldifferent,non-adjoiningslots).SeealsoFixedSlot.FloorSlotAlocationontheselectionlinethatconsistsoffloorspaceforthestackingofmerchandiseFlowThruGeneratesshippinginstructionsatthepointofreceipt,whicheliminatestheneedforproducttobeput-awayinthewarehouse.Instead,theproductcanbedirectlytransferredfromaninboundtrailerdirectlytoanoutboundtrailer在收货时即产生了发运指令，货物直接从入口的车辆上转移到发运的车辆上，从而减少了产品入库的需求，类似于CrossDockingForkLift叉车Amechanicaldeviceusedtotransportpalletloadstoorfromstorage.用于装卸卡板的一种机械设备ForwardLocationTheprimarylocationfromwhichthespecifiedproductisselected(temporary,rack,floor,drive-in,flow,shelf,beltpick,orpick-in-reserve).FreightCharges运费Thecostoftransportinggoodsfromtheseller'swarehousetothebuyer'swarehouseorstore.Prepaidusuallymeansfreightcostsarepaidbythesellerwhoforwardsnobilltothecustomer.FullFreightAllowedusuallymeansthatthesellerwillultimatelypayfreightcosts;howeverthesellermayshipgoodscollectandrequirethebuyertopaythefreightbill.Thebuyermaytheneitherinvoicethesellerordeductthefreightchargesfromtheremittancetothesellerforgoodsreceived.FOB(FreeonBoard)specifiespaymentoffreightchargesoneoftwoways.FOBDestinationmeansashipmentismovedfreeonboardtoadestination;thesellerpaysthefreight.FOBFactory(thepointofori-gin)meansashipmentisloadedfreeonboardatthepointoforigin;thebuyerpaysforthefreight.CollectonDelivery(COD)meansthebuyerpaysforthefreightatthetimeofreceipt从卖家仓库运输货物到买家仓库的花费。FullPalletSelect整板选取Afullpalletselectoccurswhentheorderedquantityisthesameasthequantityonafullpallet.Theselectionisusuallyperformedbyafork-lift当定单的定货数量与整板货物数量相同时就叫做整板选取，通常用叉车操作Gravity-FlowRack重力流料架Aseriesofinclinedshelveswithrollersreplenishedfromtherear.Asoneunitisselected,anotherautomaticallymovesforwardHandling/carrying在同一场所内，对物品进行水平移动为主的物流作业。（GB/T18354-2001）HandlingUnit处理单元Goodsoraggregationofgoodsbundledtogetherfordistributionandlogisticspurposes.Mayincludeanindividualiteminacarton,combineditemsonpalletsandskids,oritemstransferredinindependentlyidentifiedcontainers,suchasoceancontainers,railcarsortruckingtrailers处理单元包括了一个纸箱中的单独货品、卡板上的成组货品、在独立的标识容器中运输的货品HarmonizedTariffCodeAcodetonumericallydescribeallarticlesininternationaltrademanagedbytheWorldCustomsOrganization由世界海关组织维护的关于国际贸易货品的编码，也就是通常所说的HSCodeHarardousClass/Indicator危险品分类/标识Indicateswhethertheproductisahazardorsourceofdanger.Thispreventsnonhazardousproductfrombeingmixedwithhazardousproducts.Theclassindicatesthecategoryofhazardousmaterial标识产品是否是危险品，危险品的分类Inbound入口TheflowofproductsintoadistributioncenterpriortoorderselectionInnerPack内包装Aunitthatisamultipleofastoragecase.Normallythisissomeshrink-wrappedorbundledquantityofretailunitswithinacase.Theinnerpackismadeupofoneormanyretailunits.Thisquantityisnotrequiredtoequalthenumberofretailunitsinashippingunit.内包装通常是收缩包缠或零售单元打包，内包装是由一个或多个零售单元组成，发运单位不一定与零售单位相同Inventory库存Allstockonhandatanygiventime,eithervisiblydisplayedorinstockroomsandothersecuredareas.Inventoryalsoreferstocompilinganitemizedlistofallsuchitems指定时刻所有货品的在库量。处于储存状态的物品。广义的库存还包括处于制造状态和运输状态的物品（GB/T18354-2001）InventoryAdjustment库存调整Adjustmentsmadetotheinventorycreatedbythephysicalinventoryandcyclecountingprocesses当盘点出现异动后对库存进行调整InventoryControl存量控制Controlofcurrentstock(shelf,backroom,warehouse,onorder,etc.)sothatmerchandisereceivedconformstosalesdemands,andout-of-stocksorover-stocksareavoided控制当前库存使得收到的货品能满足销售的需求，避免缺货或积压情况的出现InventoryDetail存储细节Apalletofasingleproductlocatedinawarehouselocation.Whenapalletisputaway,theinformationfromthereceiptdetailistransferredtotheinventorydetail.Theinventorydetailisthenassociatedwiththelocation当一板货放置到存储区后，存储细节被更新，存储细节与存储位置相关Invoice发票AbillforgoodsshowingtheamountowedtoacreditorJustintime(JIT)准时制（GB/T18354-2001）在精确测定生产各工艺环节作业效率的前提下按订单准确的计划，消除一切无效作业与浪费为目的标的一种管理模式。JITDeliverySystem即时交货系统Aninventorymanagementsysteminwhichwarehouseinventoryismaintainedatminimumlevelsbecausereplenishmentstockisimmedi-atelyavailablefromsuppliers即时交货系统保证了库存处于最低水平，因为可以立即地从供应商处补货Label标签Apressure-sensitive,adhesive-backedpaper(containingproduct,pric-ing,andotherinformation)affixedtocasesorpalletstoidentifyandtrackthemthroughthedistributionprocess贴在箱或卡板上的纸条，通常包括包含产品信息，用于在整个配送过程中标识和跟踪这批货LeadTimeTotaltimefromreceiptofstoreordertothescheduleddeliverytimeoftheproductatthestore从收到门店的定单开始到货交付到门店所花费的时间LTL(Less-Than-Truckload)Ashipmentweighinglessthantheweightrequiredforatruckloadrate运输重量少于整车的额定重量LetDown(Replenishment)Themovingofinventoryfromreservestoragetotheactivepickingslotsbelow从后备区移动货物到活动拣货区LicensePlateNormallyabarcodeidentifyingapalletorquantityofproduct;canbegenericorsystem-generated用来标识一个卡板或若干货品的条形码Loadingandunloading装卸（GB/T18354-2001）物品在指定地点以人力或机械装入运输设备或卸下。Logistics物流Logisticsisthatpartofthesupplychainprocessthatplans,implements,andcontrolstheefficient,effectiveflowandstorageofgoods,services,andrelatedinformationfromthepointoforigintothepointofconsumptioninordertomeetcustomers'requirements.（DefinitionofCouncilofLogisticsManagement）物品从供应地向接收地的实物流动过程。根据实际需要，将运输、储存、装卸、包装、流通加工、配送、信息处理等基本功能实施有机结合。（GB/T18354-2001）Logisticscenter物流中心（GB/T18354-2001）从事物流活动的场所或组织，应基本符合下列条件：a）主要面向社会服务b）物流功能健全c）完善的信息网络d）辐射范围大e）少品种、大批量f）存储、吞吐能力强g）物流业务统一经营、管理LotNumber批号Theprocessoftrackingproductionwhereunitsareproducedinabatch用于跟踪同一批次产品的编号，批次的编号规则应生产厂商而异例一：某制药企业的批号编码规则：两位年份+四位日期+两位当天生产批次流水号Materialrequirementsplanning（MRP）物料需求计划（GB/T18354-2001）一种工业制造企业内的物资计划管理模式。根据产品结构个层次物品的从属和数量关系，以每个物品为计划对象，以完工日期为时间基准倒排计划，按提前期长短区别各个物品下达计划时间的先后顺序。Manufacturingresourceplanning（MRPⅡ）制造需求计划（GB/T18354-2001）从整体最优的角度出发，运用科学的方法，对企业的各种制造资源和企业生产经营各环节实行合理有效地计划、组织、控制和协调，达到既能连续均衡生产，又能有效地降低各种物品的库存两，进而提高企业经济效益的管理方法。MinimumOrderRequirements最小定单要求Aminimumquantityofgoods(setbythemanufacturerorsupplier)thattheretailerorwholesalermustorderatonetimeinordertoqualifyforadiscount由生产商或供应商设定的最小定货数量，零售商或批发商只有达到这一标准才能获得折扣MixedLoad混合装载Atrailerloadthatincludesmorethanoneproductline.,drygrocer-ies,produce,meat,anddairyproducts).将不同类的产品如杂货、肉、日常用品混装NarrowAisle窄过道Anaislethatrequiresspecialequipmenttopickorstock,normally5–6feetinwidth一种需要特种设备进行上货和拣货的过道，通常5-6英尺宽NumberingSystem编号系统Aguidetoalltheslotlocationsinthefacility,thatisessentialforeffi-cientstorage,replenishment,andselection.Thesystemchosendependsonthefacility'suniqueneeds.Uptotencharacters(alphanumeric)areusedtodesignateaisle,bay,level,andposition.AsectionIDbeforetheaislenumbermayalsobeincluded.编号系统用于在仓库中确定货槽位置，这对于有效率的存储、补货和拣货是很关键的。编号系统因物理设施而异：例一：A11034B表示设施A、Bay11、货架03、第4层、位置BOrderpicking拣选（GB/T18354-2001）按订单或出库单的要求，从储存场所选出物品，并放置在指定地点的作业。OrderSelection定单拣取Oneofthebasicoperatingfunctionsofanydistributioncenter.Productsareselected(picked)fromwarehouseinventorytofillretailstoreorders配送中心的一种基本操作，货品从存储区拣取出来以满足零售店定货的需求Out-Of-Stock缺货Productnotinsupplyinawarehouseorstore.Warehouse"outs"areexpressedasdetailitemsofanorderplacedthatcannotbefilledOutbound出口TheflowofproductsoutofawarehouseafterorderselectionPackage/packaging包装（GB/T18354-2001）为在流通过程中保护产品、方便储运、促进销售，按一定技术方法而采用的容器、材料及辅助物的总称。也指为了达到上述目的而采用的容器、材料及辅助物的过程中施加一定技术方法等的操作活动。Pallet卡板、托盘、栈板、货板Awoodenplatformusedforstackingunitloadsofmerchandise.Stan-dardsizeis40"x48."一种用于堆叠货品单元的平台，便于机械装卸，可以是木、塑料等材质，标准大小是1×米PalletCube卡板容量Theamountofcubicfeetofproductthatisallowedtobeshippedorstoredonapallet一个卡板允许承载的货品体积PhysicalInventory物理库存Anactualcountofallitemson-handatagiventimeinafacility仓库中指定时刻实际在库的货品数量PickRate拣货速度Theamountoftimeittakesaselectortopickadeterminedamountofmerchandise.Forexample,apickratemightbe170piecesperhour拣货速度是衡量配送中心作业效率的一个重要指标ProductionDetail产品明细Specificinformationabouttheproduct,suchasaproductdescription,size,pack,unitsonorder,etc.Note:AproductIDmayhavemultipleproductdetails.Theproductdetailrepresentsauniquepackforaprod-uct.Thesystemtreatseachproductdetailasthoughitwereauniqueproduct.Thedifferentdetailsforasingleproductarekeptindifferentlocationsandprimaryselections,ensuringthattheproductwillnotmixandwillbeselectedseparately有关产品的特别信息如产品描述、大小、包装、定货单位等。一个产品编号可能有多个产品明细，产品明细代表了一种产品的唯一包装，即使是唯一的产品系统也会区分不同的产品明细，同一产品的产品明细将保存在不同的地方以确保不会混淆，在拣货时也可单独拣取ProductionID产品IDAuniquecodeidentifyingaspecificproductProductionlogistics生产物流（GB/T18354-2001）生产过程中，原材料、在制品、半成品、产成品等，在企业内部的实物流动。PurchaseOrder采购单Adocumentgivingavendorauthoritytoshipspecifiedmerchandiseindesignatedquantitiesatanagreed-upontimeandprice客户给供应商的一种单证，内容包括了按约定好的时间和价格发运规定数量的货品Put-away放置Determinesthebestreserveorselectlocationtostoreeachpalletreceived.Putawaytakesintoaccountthestackabilityoftheitem,theheightfromthefloorofareservelocation,whethertheproductiscode-dated,etc放置是将收到的卡板放到合适的位置，放置需要考虑的因素有货品的可堆叠性、货槽高度、产品是否需要鲜度管理等Quickresponse（QR）快速反应（GB/T18354-2001）物流企业面对多品种、小批量的买方市场，不是储备了“产品”，而是准备了各种“要素”，在用户提出需求时，能以最快速度抽取“要素”，及时“组装”，提供所需服务或产品。Rack料架Astructureusedfortheoptimumstorageofpalletizedloads.Adrive-inrackhashorizontalbeamsrunningperpendiculartotheaisle(sotherackcanbedrivenpartwayinto).Adrive-throughrackissimilartoadrive-inrack,exceptthatitcanbedriventhrough.RackBayAsectionofrackseparatedbytheuprightsupports,usuallytwopalletsinwidthReceiving收货Oneofthebasicoperatingfunctionsofthefooddistributioncenterwhereincomingmerchandiseisunloadedfromtrucksorrailcarsandcheckedforconditionandcompleteness配送中心里的一项基本操作，货物从运输工具卸下到检查的过程Replenishment补货Themovingofinventoryfromreservestoragetotheactivepickingslotsbelow将货物从后备区移动到活动拣货区的过程ReplenishmentLevel补货下线Whenthenumberofunitsdropsbelowthisspecifiedamount,theinventorylevelisrefilled当货品库存数量低于某一数量时，开始执行补货操作RetailUnit零售单位ThepiecethatissoldtoaretailcustomeratthecashregisterRFUnit射频单元Aradiofrequencycommunicationsdevicethatismountedonaforklift,carried,orwornonaselector一种便携式的无线电通讯设备SafetyStock安全库存Astockreservetoprotectagainstunexpectedincreasesinproductmovementandtopreventout-of-stocksSalesOrder销售单ServiceLevel服务水准Thein-stockpositionofawarehouseexpressedasthepercentageofretailordersthatcanbefilled(99%isagoodlevelofservice).零售商定单被履约的百分比，这是衡量配送中心服务质量的一个重要指标Shipping发运Theloadinganddelivery(usuallyontrucks)ofordersfromthegrocerydistributioncentertotheretailer从配送中心装货并运输到零售商的过程ShippingUnit/ShippingCase发运单位/发运箱Representsthesingleunitthatawarehouseselectsforastore.Thecol-umninatablerepresentsthenumberofretailunitsinashippingunit.Thenumberofretailunitsinashippingcasemustbeevenlydivisibleintothenumberofretailunitsinacase.Ifthetwonumbersareequal,thenthewarehouseisreceivingandshippinginmastercases.Ifthenumbersarenotequal,thenthewarehouseisre-packing(breakingdown)themastercasesintosmallerunitsbeforeshippingSlot(Location)货槽Thepositionoccupiedbypalletsorcasesofproducts.Therearetwotypesofslots:primary(select)andreserve(storage).由卡板或货箱占据的位置，通常有主货槽和后备货槽两种，主货槽用于拣货，后备货槽用于存储Sorting拣选Theprocessofgroupingproductsbygrade(seealsoGrading).Thismayrefertoseparatingbatch-pickedmerchandiseforshippingtovari-ousretailstores将产品按等级分组的处理，例如将批量拣货来的货品分组以便发运到不同的零售分店分拣（GB/T18354-2001）将物品按品种、出入库先后顺序进行分门别类堆放的作业。Split-Case(Broken-Case)Lessthanafullcaseofmerchandise.ThepickingmethodusingindividualunitsthatareselectedStagingAreaAspaceonwhichthereceivingandshippingdocksusedtogatherandcheckinboundandoutboundloadsStereoscopicwarehouse立体仓库（GB/T18354-2001）利用高层货架配以货箱或托盘储存货物，用巷道堆垛起重机及其他机械进行作业的仓库。SKU(StockKeepingUnit)库存单位Amulti-characteritemthatmustbestoredandaccountedforsepa-rately.Asinglestockkeepingunitmayhavetobestoredindifferentlotsforqualitycontrolormaintainingstockrotation.Itmayalsobenecessarytosplitunitsbetweenreservestorageandpicklinewhentheentirestockcannotbemaintainedintheselectionarea.Auniquealphanumericcodethatsubdividesaproductintomorespecificcategories.Forexample,apenproductcanbesubdividedbycolor,eachcolorhavingitsownSKUcode.Acatalogitemc