建筑学毕业设计外文翻译

建筑学毕业设计外文翻译建筑学毕业设计外文翻译PAGE建筑学毕业设计外文翻译本科生毕业设计外文资料翻译专业建筑学　班级092班姓名XXX指导教师XXX　所在学院XXX　附件1.外文资料翻译译文；2.外文原文学校建筑规划设计漫谈在校园内的功能和各种需求亦趋向于多元化，在规划、设计中必须要找出一种合适的方法来适应、符合现在及未来的世界潮流需要。1、学校的功能和秩序学校特别是高等学校的功能相对来说是比较复杂的，在规划设计中要充分考虑到学校中的功能分区和教学的秩序，才能做到有合理的设计和良好的规划。教学区是校园的核心，是校园建设中的最关键的部分。学校中的一切其它功能均是围绕其进行的。教学区的布局主要有组团式与网络式两种主要设计方法。组团式便于院系相对独立地组织教学活动与进行管理，更能适应建校周期较长而分期 施工 文明施工目标施工进度表下载283施工进度表下载施工现场晴雨表下载施工日志模板免费下载 的现实。“院落”是是中国传统的建筑布局形式，由建筑所围成的庭院形成社交性的公共空间，也有利于学校中的交流。网络式的发展规划有利于不同的科系在今后的发展中专业更新与规模调整，并可灵活调节教学用房的使用性质，因此被现代的新型校园规划布局所偏爱，它利于目前国内的大学院校、院系合并和学科调整的教学改革大趋势。学生宿舍生活区是大学校园内又一个重要的组成部分，无论改革后学生生活区社会化管理落实的力度有多大，还是由于扩招形式的“不是数着床板招生”的局面到何种程度，在目前的实际情况下，新建的大学校园仍然需要规划好学生生活区的建设。当然要充分考虑到如何便于社会化的管理，有利于形成独立的管理系统，为以后的发展留有可能性。2、学校的交通组织高等学校交通组织中，首要的是要体现以人为本的思想。根据教师、学生的心理及行为方式研究各种道路组织、形态和层次，创造一个满足校园使用者的物质和精神上要求的校园环境。现代校园要求建筑物之间能联络方便、尽量通畅、便捷。为此，各类建筑物的设计，多采用集中式的布局，建筑群体也多以成团的方式组合，尽量减少楼间的距离几交通路线。各个相对独立的区域之间，也尽量打通分割界限，室内外都设有方便的连廊和通道，使建筑群体在整体上能联络通畅，达到提高和保证交通、交流、传递、沟通之最佳的效率。3、学校的环境和可持续发展环境对于人心理的影响，以及反馈对人情绪的感染，都会产生物质的效应。人在良好的环境中，在使人精神振奋的条件下，无疑会更多的诱发思想的灵感和智慧的火花，这对教学、科研的作用虽是无形的，但肯定是有效的。现代的校园的环境设计，应该立足于创造优美高雅有文化的校园环境，以适应人的精神需要，提高人的修养，陶冶人的情操……。如立体绿化、室外美术、雕塑、以及精心设计的叠石、草坪、流水、花丛、石灯及小建筑等，在这极富高雅格调、传统与现代交融、给人以美之享受的校园中，师生智慧之火花怎能不奔放呢在学校中除了正常的教学、科研工作外，大量的研讨、广泛的交流是十分必要的。各种研讨和交流，可以是有计划、有组织的，也可以是无计划、无组织的，但往往是后者对参与者的作用是巨大的，而且更加有效。为此需要创造一个能适应并满足师生们灵活、自由的交流的空间。如在室内外设置各种适合于师生停留、小憩、谈话的场所、空间、角落，并放置一些桌椅板凳；有条件的地方可以放置自动售货机或小买部、咖啡屋。这种良好的交流机会，有利于各种信息、情报、知识相互的交流、传递、碰撞，到到智慧的升华。现代学校建筑要求个体建筑结构体系和内部空间的划分，更加通用化、模数化，以适应灵活、变化的要求。为适应多功能的需要，教室、研究室、实验室的尺度均较大，可通用、可互换，多采用柱网较大的框架结构体系。教室的种类不多，但适应性较强，以保证其多用途、多功能的各种教研环节的需要。在校园的规划设计中也要注意到对环境的保护和可持续发展的问题。建立即能满足当代人的需要，而又不对将来的发展规律产生破坏的校园。首先要始终如一的保护环境、维持自然的生态平衡。校园中不但要有足够的绿化面积，还要积极的促进生态的良好发展，如校园的生物多样性，水面的净化、保持，以及推进原有山地、湿地的自然发展。创造新的生态平衡，人造自然环境，制造小气候，充分利用阳关、风、雨等自然资源；使人们能够更好地享受自然、回归自然。4、校园建筑的单体设计校园建筑应有校园建筑的特色和品格，探求适应学校的学习生活，反映学生的心理与环境行为的崭新的建筑形式，是建筑师、规划师把握的关键。校园建筑的风格会给人以强烈的第一印象，更是代代已毕业了的学子们的永久回忆。校园建筑虽然有比较多的类型，有其各自的特色风格，但是也要注意加强建筑的群体效应，和谐中求统一，统一中再求变化。在设计时要注重校园建筑的整体性，使其达到和谐统一的良好效果。高校校园由多个部分组成，不大可能在一期内，一气呵成，由一次投资而建成。由于方方面面的资金的制约，校园的建设往往周期很长，在规划设计中要做好分期实施的准备和余地。同时还需考虑到其在建设周期内的合理使用和多种变化的可能性，并且要避免在后期的施工中对正常的教学、科研有过分大的干扰。学校建筑特别是高等学校建筑往往被列为重点工程，学校及地方领导对其中建筑有着很高的期望值，最注重的就是“标志性”。在校园建筑中占有主要地位的教学楼，却由于其功能的限制很难能做到体现标志性这一点。所以相对来说功能限制较小的图书馆和行政楼就要体现标志性的要求。校园建筑整体特色形成该校园建筑独特的标志性，而标志性建筑群体的形成最能突出校园建筑的风貌。主楼则是其标志性建筑群体的主导，占有重要的地位。(文章来源：中国知网)外文原文出处：onarchitecturalplanninganddesignsofschoolbuildingsInthecampus,functionsandvariousdemandstendtobediversified,wemustfindawayintheplanninganddesignsofschoolbuildingstoadaptandmeettheneedsofthepresent,thefutureandeventheworld.ThefunctionsandordersofaschoolTheschool,especiallyhighschool'sfunctionisrelativelycomplex.Inordertoachieveareasonabledesignandgoodplanning,weshouldgivefullconsiderationtothezoningintheschoolandorderofteaching.Teachingareaisthecoreofthecampus,whichisthemostimportantpartofthecampusconstruction.Allotherfunctionsintheschoolarecarriedoutaroundit.Thelayoutofteachingareasismainlyformedwithtwokindsofdesignmethods.Oneisthemethodofclusterandtheotheristhemethodofnetworktype.Themethodofclusterfacilitatesthedepartmentstoorganizetheteachingactivitiesandmanagementindependently,whichcanadapttotherealityoflongperiodandstageconstructionintheschoolbuildings.“Courtyard"isthetraditionalChinesearchitecturallayout.Thecourtyardsurroundedwiththebuildingsformssocialpublicspace,whichishelpfulforthecommunicationofschool.Theplanningdevelopmentofthenetworkisconducivetothefuturedevelopmentofprofessionalupdatingandtheadjustmentofscaleindifferentdepartmentsanditcanbeadjustedflexiblyintheuseeoftherealteaching.Soitisanewcampusplanningandlayoutofthemodernisconducivetothecurrentdomesticuniversitycolleges,combineddepartmentsandsubjectstoadjusttheteachingreformtrend.Dormitoryareaisanimportantpartoftheuniversitycampus.Nomatterhowmuchthesocialreformeffortsarecarriedoutinthemanagementofstudentslivingareas,orthesituationthat"itisnotamatterofcountingthebedplateenrollment"asenrollmentformtowhatextent.Inthecurrentsituation,thenewuniversitycampusstillneedgoodplanningandconstructionsofstudentslivingzone.Ofcourse,weshouldconsiderhowtofacilitatethesocializationofmanagement,whichisconducivetotheformationofanindependentmanagementsystem,andweshouldmakeitpossibleforfuturedevelopment.2、TrafficorganizationintheschoolItisveryimportanttoembodythepeople-orientedideologyinthetrafficorganizationinthehigherschool.Accordingtothepsychologyandbehaviorofteachersandstudents,thearchitectshouldstudyvariousroadsorganization,formandlevelstocreateacampusenvironmentwhichmeetstherequirementsofthematerialandspiritualcampususers.Moderncampusrequiresthedemandsthatitiseasytocontact,smooth,andconvenientbetweenbuildings.Therefore,thedesignofvariousbuildingsadoptscentralizedlayout.Constructiongroupisagglomerateinordertominimizethedistancebetweenthefloorandtrafficrouts.Eachrelativelyindependentregion,triestogetthroughthesegmentationboundaries.Indoorandoutdoorareequippedwithconvenientcorridorandchannel,whichmakethebuildinggroupscontacteasily,improveandguaranteethetraffic,communication,transportcommunicationinthebestefficiencyingeneral.3、TheenvironmentalandsustainabledevelopmentintheschoolsInfluenceofenvironmentonhumanpsychology,andfeedbackoftheinflectionofemotionaleffectwillproduceasubstance.Peoplewhoareinagoodenvironmentandinthespiritofencouragingmindwillinducemorethinkingandinspirationandsparksofwisdom.Althoughitisinvisibleintheroleofteachingandresearch,itiscertainlyeffective.Environmentaldesignofmoderncampusshouldbebasedonthecreationofbeautifulandelegantcultureofthecampusenvironmentinordertomeetthepeople'sspiritualneeds,toimprovethetrainingofpeopleandfosternoblespirits.Suchasthree-dimensionalgreen,outdoorart,sculpture,andcarefuldesignofthestones,grass,water,flowers,stonelampandsmallbuildings.Inthisextremelyelegantstyle,blendingtraditionalandmodern,toenjoythecampus,howcanthewisdomsparkofteachersandstudentscouldnotunrestrained.Intheschool,inadditiontothenormalteachingandscientificresearch,alotofdiscussionandextensivecommunicationisverynecessary.Allkindsofdiscussionandcommunicationcanbeplannedandorganized.Anditcanalsobenoplanandnoorganization.Butthelatterismoreeffectiveontheparticipantsandtheeffectisenormous.Soweneedtocreateafreeandflexiblecommunicationthatcanadapttoandmeettheteachersandstudents.Suchasplacevarioussettingsintheinteriorandexteriorwhichsuitableforteachersandstudentstostayandrest,andsetplacesforconversationofspaceandcorner,andplacetablesandchairs.Avendingmachineorsmallshopsandcoffeehousecanbeplacedintheconditionalplace.Suchagoodopportunityofcommunicationisbeneficialtomutualexchange,transferandcollisionofallkindsofinformation,intelligenceandknowledgeinordertothesublimationofthewisdom.Themodernschoolbuildingrequiresthattheindividualbuildingstructuresystemandinternalspaceshouldbemoreuniversal,modularandflexibleinordertoadapttothechangingrequirements.Tomeettheneedsofmulti-function,thescaleofclassroomandlaboratoryshouldbelarge,andcanbeuniversalandinterchangeablewithlargecolumnframestructuresystem.Thespeciesarenotsomany,buttheyhavethestrongadaptabilitysoastoensuretheneedsofvariousteachinglinkofthemultipurpose.Intheplanninganddesignofcampus,theprotectionoftheenvironmentandsustainabledevelopmentissuesshouldalsobepaidattentionto.Toestablishthecampusthatnotonlycanmeettheneedsofcontemporarypeople,butalsohavenoharmtothefuturedevelopmentofthecampus.Firstofall,protecttheenvironmentandmaintaintheecologicalbalanceofnaturefrombeginningtoend.Thecampusnotonlyhaveadequategreenspace,butalsopromotethegooddevelopmentofecologicalactively.Suchasitisimportanttokeepcampusbiodiversity,keepthewaterclean,andpromotetheoriginalmountain,wetlandnaturaldevelopment.Makefulluseofsunlight,wind,rainandothernaturalresourcestocreateanewecologicalbalanceandartificialnaturalenvironmentsothatpeoplecanbetterenjoythenatureandreturntonature.4、SingledesignofcampusbuildingCampusbuildingsshouldhavethecharacteristicsandqualityofcampusconstructioninordertoadapttoschoollifeandreflectthenewarchitecturalformsofpsychologicalandenvironmentalbehaviorofstudents.Itisthekeyandgraspofarchitectsandplanners.Campusarchitecturalstylecangiveapersonwithastrongfirstimpression,itisapermanentmemoryfromgenerationtogenerationhasgraduatedstudentsAlthoughtherearemanytypesofcampusbuildingwhichhavetheirowncharacteristicstyles,strengtheningthegroupeffectofbuildingsshouldbepaidattentiontoinordertoseektheunityharmony,andthenseekchangesintheunity.Integrityinthedesignsofthecampusbuildingsshouldbepaidattentiontoinordertoachievegoodresultsofharmonyandunity.Thecampusiscomposedofmultipleparts.Itisunlikelytomakesmoothreadinginaperiodandfromaninvestment.Duetotherestrictionofallaspectsofthecapital,thecampusconstructionoftenisverylong.Itisimportanttomakeroomforthepreparationandimplementationintheplanninganddesign.Atthesametime,thepossibilityoftheirrationaluseinconstructionperiodandavarietyofchangesshouldbeconsideredinordertoavoidinthelateconstructioninterferenceinthetoobigtothenormalteaching,scientificresearch.Theschoolbuildingespeciallyhigherschoolbuildingisoftenlistedasthekeyproject,schoolsandlocalleadershipregardthesebuildingswithhighexpectations.Themostimportantoftheattentionsisthesymbolbuilding.Thecampusteachingbuildingoccupymajorposition,butitisdifficulttopresentthepointofsymbolicduetoitsfunctionallimitation.Sorelativelyspeaking,smalllibraryandadministrationbuildingshouldreflecttheiconicrequest.campusarchitecturalfeaturesformtheuniquecampusbuildingsandtheformationofbuildinggroupsrepresentthemostprominentcampusarchitecturalstyle.Themainbuildingisthesymbolofleadingconstructiongroupandoccupiesanimportantposition.（From:ArchitecturalEngineeringandDesignManagement）