划重点英语四级考试虚拟语气和倒装句语法大全总集

RevisedbyBLUEontheafternoonofDecember12,2020.划重点英语四级考试虚拟语气和倒装句语法大全总集英语四级考试虚拟语气和倒装句语法大全总集语法复习：一、虚拟语气和倒装句知识 总结 初级经济法重点总结下载党员个人总结TXt高中句型全总结.doc高中句型全总结.doc理论力学知识点总结pdf 与归纳：虚拟语气：是一种与事实（包括过去，现在或将来）完全相反的陈述，表示假设，愿望，怀疑，推测或后悔。虚拟语气主要用于条件从句，让步从句和名词性从句。虚拟语气句型中常见的动词形式：1.动词过去式2.haddone3.would/could/should/mightdo4.would/could/should/mighthavedone5.were（一）虚拟语气用在与过去事实相反的假设的条件句中：表示假设，后悔或推测。句型结构：If+主语+hadbeen/done….，主语+should/could/might/would+havedone….1.Iftheillnesshadbeendiagnosedadayearlier,itmighthavemadealldifferent.2.Ifshehadtoldhimaboutthedanger,hewouldnothavegothurt.3.IfIhadknownmoreaboutgivingfirstaid,Icouldhavehelpedhim.（二）虚拟语气用在与现在事实相反的假设的条件句中：句型结构：If+主语+were/动词过去式，主语+should/could/might/would+do1.IfIhadHIV,IwouldknowbecauseIwouldfeelsick.2.IfIwereyou,IwouldgiveanAIDSpatientahug.3.虚拟语气用在与将来的结果相反的假设的条件句中：句型结构：If+主语+weretodo,主语+should/could/might/would+doIf+主语+shoulddoIf+主语+动词过去式（1）Ifweweretopanic,wewouldnotbeabletohelp.（2）Ifthelittlegirlshouldtakepianolessons,shewouldhavelessfreetime.（3）IfIweretolivelongenoughtohaveajob,Iwouldchoosetobeadoctor,helpingtheseAIDSpatients.注意：虚拟条件句的从句中如果有助动词were;had或should可以去掉if以后用倒装句语序。例句：①HadInothelpedhim,hewouldhavefailedinbusiness.②ShouldIbefree,Iwouldcome.③Wereshemydaughter,Icouldsuggestadifferentplan.注意：有时候，主，从句所描述的时间范围不一致，则根据具体语境调整动词的形式。例句：①Ifhehadcaughtthetrain,hewouldbeherebynow.②YouwouldspeakEnglishwellenough,ifyouhadpracticedeveryday.（四）虚拟语气在其他句型中的使用：1.用在与without,butfor,but,otherwise短语连用的句型中：例句：Theshipwouldhavesunkwithallonboardbutforeffortsofthecaptain.Therescuearrivedintime,otherwiseTheywouldhavebeenfrozentodeath.2.用在It’stime句型中：It’stimethat主语+动词过去式……It’stimethatIwenttoschoolandpickedupmydaughter.3.在句型…asif/though+主语+动词过去式/were/haddone……例句：HelookedatmeasifIweremad.“Iwishpeoplewouldfindoutthefacts,”shesays,“andnotactasifIwereabadordangerousperson.”Itlooksasifit’sgoingtorain.4.用在Ifonly句型中：表示：要是……该多好啊！（1）Ifonlyyouhadn’ttoldJackiewhatIsaid,everythingwouldhavebeenallright.（2）Ifonlyyouwouldlistentoreason.5.与“命令，建议，要求,有必要/重要”有关的名词性从句中的谓语动词结构：（1）主动结构：shoulddo（2）被动结构：shouldbedone；（should可以省略）①Isuggestthatheshouldcomeanotherday.②Thesuggestionthatthestudentsshouldlearnsomethingpracticalisworthconsidering.③IthoughitnecessarythatIshouldstayintheroomtillhecameback.（五）情态动词（should/oughtto;could;needn’t;wouldliketo等）+havedone：表示“本来应该/能够/没必要/很愿意”1.Youcouldhavetoldusearlier.2.Ioughttohaveboughtthatdictionarylastweek.3.Yououghtnottohavespentsomuchtimeinreadingnovels.4.Weneednothavebeeninahurrytocatchthetrain.倒装句：倒装句是英语中常见的语法现象，他的使用一是出于语法结构的需要，再就是为了强调句中的某一部分。（1）当否定副词never;hardly;seldom;nor;neither;little;few;not;notonly在句首，后面接助动词/be+主语……的倒装语序。NeverhaveIrealizedthatwaterissoprecious.Seldomhaveweseensuchbigmelons.（2）Only+介词短语/状语从句，后面接助动词/be+主语……的倒装语序。Onlybychangingthewaywelivecanwesavetheearth.（3）Notuntil+时间状语（从句）后面接助动词/be+主语……的倒装语序。Notuntilweknowmorewillwebeabletoimprovethesituation.（4）as/so/neither/nor在句首表示另一个人或另一种情况也是如此。后面接助动词/be+主语……的倒装语序。Withoutinternationalcooperation,developingcountriescannotprosper,norwillsustainabledevelopmentbepossible.Abetterunderstandingoftheenvironmentisnecessary,asisthewillingnesstoact.（5）在以here;there;now;out;in;up;down;away或表示地点的介词短语为句首后面接完全倒装结构（谓语+主语）AmongthespeakerswasChina’sthenPremierZhuRongji,whostressedtheneedforequalityandfairnessintheworld.Onahillinfrontofthemstoodagreatcastle.（6）倒装句在结果状语从句；让步状语从句；时间状语从句中的使用：①so/such….that….（如此……以致于……）将so/such….部分置于句首：Soloudlydidhespeakthatpeopleupstairscouldhearhim.②表示：“虽然……”：名词/形容词，副词/动词+as+主语+谓语……Coldasitwas,wewentout.Bravelyastheyfought,theyhadnochanceofwinning.Childasheis,heknewwhatwastherightthingtodo.③表示：“一……就……”：Nosoonerhad…done…than+陈述句（过去时）Hardlyhad…done…when+陈述句（过去时）Hardlyhadsheenteredthehousewhensheheardthedogbarking.Nosoonerhadwestartedlunchthanthedoorbellrang.【典型例题】1.Youdidn’tletmedrive.Ifwe____inturn,you____sotired.A.drove;didn’tgetB.drove;wouldn’tgetC.weredriving;wouldn’tgetD.haddriven;wouldn’thavegot答案：D分析：本题考查虚拟条件句的运用。题干Youdidn’tletmedrive.告诉我们后面的条件句是一个与过去事实相反的假设，有后悔，埋怨的意思。在这种条件句中主句用wouldhavedone，从句用haddone结构。2.___itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheYangpuBridge.A.WereB.ShouldC.WouldD.Will答案：B分析：本题考查虚拟条件句与倒装句的结合运用。句中时间状语tomorrow以及主句中的would表明该句是对明天天气情况的虚拟假设，表示将来的虚拟条件句的结构为Ifitshould/weretoraintomorrow。但是条件从句可以去掉连词if，从句用倒装句结构，即：Shoulditraintomorrow.3.Thecaptainkeptcalmintheterriblestorm,otherwisetheaccident____.A.couldn’tbepreventedB.mustn’thavepreventedC.wouldn’thavebeenpreventedD.shouldn’tprevent答案：C分析：本句是一个含蓄虚拟条件句。根据句义：船长在暴风雨中非常镇静，不然的话一场事故早就不可避免了。前半句描述了事实，而后半句则与过去的事实相反，虽然这部分没有以条件从句的形式出现，但是其内容包含在由连词but;otherwise连接的陈述句中。4.Whenthepencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlookasifit____.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken答案：C分析：本题考查asif后从句中的虚拟语气的运用。Asif/though后面的从句根据句子的语境可以叙述为真实陈述，也可以是与现在或过去事实相反的虚拟陈述。本句描述的内容是与现在事实相反的虚拟陈述应当用一般过去时。5.Whydidn’tyoutellmetherewasnomeetingtodayI___allthewayherethroughtheheavysnow.A.needn’thavedrivenB.can’thavedrivenC.mustn’thavedrivenD.shouldn’thavedriven答案：A分析：根据句意：你为什么不告诉我今天没有会我本来没必要冒着大雪开车跑这么多路。Needn’thavedone表示本来没必要。6.Iwasreallyanxiousaboutyou.You___homewithoutaword.A.mustn’tleaveB.shouldn’thaveleftC.couldn’thaveleftD.needn’tleave答案：B分析：根据句意：我真的很担心你，你真不应该一句话都不说就离开家。“离开家”已经发生了。Shouldhavedone正好表达了本句的意思。7.Itissuggestedthatadoctorimmediately.A.besentforB.sendforC.issentforD.shouldsendfor答案：A分析：Itissuggested+that从句，从句中谓语动词用shoulddo，或只用动词原形：adoctor与sendfor之间存在被动关系。8.—DoyouknowJimquarreledwithhisbrother—Idon’tknow,____.A.nordon’tIcareB.nordoIcareC.Idon’tcare,neither.D.Idon’tcarealso答案：B分析：not在句首表示另一种情况也是如此，句子要进行部分倒装。NordoIcare“我也不在乎”。9.Notuntilallthefishdiedintheriver____howseriousthepollutionwas.A.didthevillagersrealizeB.thevillagersrealizedC.thevillagesdidrealizeD.didn’tthevillagersrealize答案：A分析：notuntil放在句首时，句子要进行部分倒装。10._canyouexpecttogetapayrise.A.WithhardworkB.AlthoughhardworkC.OnlywithhardworkD.Nowthatheworkshard答案：C分析：从谓语动词canyouexpectto可以看出，它使用了倒装句式，所以要选择能引导倒装的选项。“only+介词短语”引导状语且位于句首时，句子进行部分倒装。一．虚拟语气概念[SubjunctiveMood]中文译作"虚拟语气"。它是一种动词形式，表示说话人的某种假设、愿望、怀疑、猜测、建议等含义。语法结构结构（非真实条件句——表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况）与..事实相反If从句主句过去HaddoneWould*havedone现在Were/didWould*do将来Shoulddo/were/weretodoWould*do例句：Iftherehadn’tbeenmuchraininspring,wewouldhavehadagoodharvestnow.[过去]Ifhesmokedless,hiscoughmightbewellsoon.[现在]Ifthelecturershouldbelate,youwouldhavetomakeaspeechfirst.[将来]备注：（1）上表中’*’，would都可转换为should、could、might。（2)如果为时间错综句的话，左右两栏可互相搭配，排列组合。例句：Hewouldstillbealivetodayifhehadn’ttakenthatdrug.[与现在事实相反][与过去事实相反](3)if可转换为其他形式例句：Withoutyouradvice,ourmeetingwouldn’thavebeensosuccessfully.[过去]（=>可转换为：Iftherehadn’tbeenyouradvice,we…）Yournotesarealmostillegible(难以辨认的).Notestypedoutwouldbealoteasiertoread.[将来](=>可转换为：Ifthenoteshadbeentypedout,itwouldbealoteasiertoread.)IshouldhavegonetoseeDr.Smithandhemighthavecuredmeofthedisease.[过去](=>可转换为：IfhehavegonetoseeDr.Smith,he..)2、wish结构与..事实相反过去Haddone现在Were/did将来Would备注：可转换为其他形式。例句：Hetalksasif(好像)hehaddonealltheworkhimself.[过去]IwishIwereabird.Iwishhehandn'donethat.IwishIwouldberichinthefuture.3、should结构从句中用“should+动词原形”构成。而且should可以省去。用于此结构的动词有：advise,direct,agree,ask,demand,decide,desire,insist,order,prefer,propose,request,suggest,intend等。例句：Theteachersuggesthe(should)readEnglishaloud.注意：当insist表示“坚持认为”、suggest表示“表明，显示”时，不用虚拟语气。例句：ThelookonhisfacesuggestedthathewasquitesatisfiedwithwhatIhaddoneforhim.Heinsistedthathewashonest.4、wouldrather＋从句在这种结构中，从句的谓语动词用过去形式表示虚拟。例句：Iwouldratheryoudidthisinsteadofme.5、主语从句中的虚拟语气1）Itbe+形容词+that．．．（should）．．．用于该句型的形容词是：necessary,good,important,right,wrong,better,natural,proper,funny,strange,surprising．一些名词也可以用于在该结构中。如：apity，nowonder．．．．2）Itbe+过去分词+that．．．（should）．．．．用于该结构中的过去分词是表示“建议、请求、命令”等词的过去分词。如：desired，suggested，requested，ordered，proposed等。3）Itistime（abouttime，hightime）that．．．（过去式动词形式或should＋动词原形）．．．．ItishightimeIwenthomenow.=ItishightimeIshouldgohomenow.6、表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气在suggestion，proposal，order，plan，idea，advice，decision等需要有内涵的名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中，要使用虚拟语气。其谓语动词应用：should＋原形动词。另外连接从句的that不能省略。例：Mysuggestionisthatweshouldgothereatonce.WhatdoyouthinkofhisproposalthatweshouldputonaplayattheEnglishevening三、使用范围及判断1、虚拟语气表示一种不能实现的假设。该语法主要用于if条件状语从句。也可用于、、等。2、if条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。通过句子意思，看假设的条件是否能够实现，能够实现是真实条件句，不能使用虚拟语气；假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气。判断这个假设是与哪个事实相反。通常有三种情况：①与过去事实相反。②与现在事实相反。③与将来事实可能相反。3、“后退一步法”后退一步法是指在准确地判断了该句与哪一事实相反后，按虚拟语气的后退一步法处理从句谓语动词的时态。即：在非真实条件状语从句中，谓语动词按正常情况“后退一步”。也就是：1）与过去事实相反，在从句中用过去完成时形式表示。2）与现在事实相反，在从句中用过去一般时形式表示。3）与将来事实可能相反，在从句中用过去将来时形式表示。主句中则用情态动词would,should,could等加一个与从句一致的动词形式。例：IfIhadcomeheryesterday,Iwouldhaveseenhim.IfIwereateacher,Iwouldbestrictwithmystudents.Ifitshouldsnowtomorrow,theycouldn’tgoout.四、注意事项条件句中如有were,should,had，可以省去if，并使用语序。2、在现代英语中if条件状与从句中的谓语动词如果是be其过去形式一般用were。3、wish后面宾语从句中的虚拟语气，按“后退一步法”处理从句的谓语动词。注意：与哪个事实相反，不能以主句的时态为判断依据，而是根据从句的意义判断。