高考英语非谓语动词总结改错

FinalrevisiononNovember26,2020高考英语非谓语动词总结改错扶弱资料（六）非谓语动词所谓非谓语动词，就是指它们不能在句子中单独作谓语。但它们又具有动词的特征，即可以有宾语（如果是及物动词的话）、可以有时态和语态的变化、可以有自己的逻辑主语。同时，它们又具有名词的某些特征，即它们可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语和状语。一、动词不定式:动词不定式（时态与语态）：主动式被动式一般式todotobedone完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone进行式tobedoing1.作主语:Tosaysomethingisonething,todoitisanother.2.作表语:Mysuggestionistocarryouttheplanimmediately.3.作宾语:Hedecidedtobuyacomputer.4.作宾语补足语:Mr.Smithwantshissontobecomealawyer.[注]：在let,make,see,notice,hear等动词后面，作宾补的不定式均省去to.如:Hemadeafaceandmadeeverybody___________(laugh).但是，在被动语态中，作主语补足语的不定式则要加上to.如:Wearemade________________(write)acompositioneveryweekbytheteacher.5.作定语:Heusedtohavealotofmeetingtoattend.[注]：当出现thefirst/second/last/only/best时，常跟不定式作定语Hewasthefirstman_____________(get)toschoolthismorning.6.不定式作状语:Toseewhatwouldhappen,westayedthere.二、分词（现在分词和过去分词）（一）V-ing形式（时态与语态）：主动式被动式一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone1.___________(be)poor,hecouldn’tgotoschool.2.Weareinterestedin_____________(play)chess.3.Thequestion_____________________(discuss)nowisimportant.4.Theboywasafraidof____________________(leave)aloneathome.5.____________________(work)inthecountryforthreeyears,heknewhowtogrowvegetables.注：现在分词的完成式表示分词的动作发生在谓语动作之前（二）过去分词（只有一种时态与语态）规则的：V-ed；不规则的（记不规则动词表）1.Theboywenthomewithhishomework_______________(finish).2.___________(see)fromthetop,thestadiumlookslikeabirdnest.现在分词和过去分词在语态和时间方面有较大区别：现在分词表示的意义是主动的，进行的：thegirlgatheringflowers（正在采花的女孩）过去分词表示的意义是被动的，完成的：theflowersgatheredthismorning（早晨采的花）1.作表语:Thenewsisveryexciting./Theyareveryexcitedatthenews.2.作定语:Don’tdisturbthesleepingchild./Thearrestedthiefwillbesentencedsoon.3.作宾补:Helikestositonthebeachandwatchtheseagullsflying./Theworklefteveryoneexhausted.[注]：有些动词如see,hear,feel,notice,watch等既可跟现在分词，也可跟不带to的不定式作复合宾语。它们的区别在于：现在分词着重说明动作正在发生；不定式着重说明动作的全过程Isawtheboysclimbingthewall.我看见孩子在爬墙。Isawtheboysclimbthewall.我看见孩子爬墙了。4.作状语:TheystoodtherewaitingforthebusHearingtheknockonthedoor,theystoppedtalking.Askedtoworkovertimethatevening,Imissedawonderfulfilm.Compare:_______________(follow)theoldman,wewentupstairs2.________________(follow)bytheoldman,wewentupstairs.三、动名词（V-ing）1.作主语和表语动名词做主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作,在口语中也可以表示具体的动作。如：Seeingisbelieving./Myhobbyiscollectingstamps.[注]：在“Itisnouse(good)”等习惯表达法中，常用形式主语“it”Itisnousequarrelingwithher./Isitworthwhiletryingagain作宾语在allow,advise,forbid,permit后直接跟动名词作宾语，如果有名词或代词作宾语，则构成“allow／advise／forbid／permit＋名词／代词＋不定式（宾语补足语）”之形式。如：Wedon'tallow_______________(smoke)here．Wedon'tallowanybody________________(smoke)here3.作介词宾语Haveyougotusedtoworkingonthenightshift（值班）Childrenarefondofreadingdetectivestories.[注]某些习惯用法中，常省略介词，仅保留动名词Heisbusy(in)preparingareport.Theyspentalotoftime(in)makingpreparation.Wehadgreatdifficulty/trouble(in)findinghishouse.非谓语动词需要注意的几个问题:（一）、不定式的逻辑主语一般的结构为for+名词+不定式，如：ItisdifficultforaforeignertolearnChinese.Ifounditimpossible_____himtodothejobalone.但在表示人物性格，特征等的形容词后kind,brave,careful,clever,foolish,honest,kind,polite,rude,stupid,wise，常用of引出不定式的逻辑主语，如：Itwaswiseofhimtodothat.Itwasverybrave________himtocatchthethief.（二）、不定式的主动式还是被动式作定语时，当句中出现的名词或代词是不定式动作的执行者时，用主动式Ihaveameetingtoattend.TheteachergaveJohnabooktoread,若不定式动作执行者不是上述情况，而是其他人，用被动态：Herearetheclothestobewashed（三）、有些动词虽然既可跟不定式又可跟动名词作宾语，但意义差别较大如；a)remembertodo（记住要做某事）,rememberdoing（记得曾做过某事）b)forgettodo（忘记要做某事）,forgetdoing（忘记曾做过某事）c)regrettodo（因要做某事感到不安）,regretdoing（因做了某事感到后悔）（四）、分词做表语有两种情况，一种是现在分词做表语，一种是过去分词做表语，这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说，凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。这类词常见的有：interesting令人感兴趣的--interested感到有趣的；exciting令人激动的--excited感到激动的delighting令人高兴的--delighted感到高兴的；disappointing令人失望的--disappointed感到失望的（五）、admit,advise,avoid,can'thelp,consider,delay,deny,escape,enjoy,finish,feellike,imagine,mind,practise,risk,suggest等动词以及所有带介词的短语动词后面只能跟动名词做宾语。Theboywasluckyenoughtoescapebeingpunished.（六）、lookforwardto,payattentionto,stickto,devote…to,makecontributionsto,get/beusedto,objectto中的to是介词，因而其后接动名词做宾语，不要误用动词不定式。(1)I'mlookingforwardtoseeingyouagain.(2)Mr.Reedmadeuphismindtodevoteallhehadtosettingupsomeschoolsforpoorchildren.（七）、主动形式表示被动意义动词want,need,require后作宾语的动名词的主动形式。这时句中的动名词与句子的主语有逻辑上的动宾关系。例：TheTVsetwants(/needs/requires)fixing.=TheTVsetwants(/needs/requires)tobefixed.②形容词worth后接的v-ing的主动形式。例：Thefilmisworthseeing.③某些作表语的形容词（如easy,difficult,hard等）后接的不定式主动形式。例：Thisquestioniseasytoanswer.（＝Toanswerthisquestioniseasy.）语法填空---高考真题回顾（一）、全国卷：真题再练：在下列各句空白处填入所给词的正确形式，并说明理由。1.(2015卷I·68)Yangshuoisreallybeautiful.Astudyoftravelers___________(conduct)bythewebsiteTripAdvisornamesYangshuoasoneofthetop10destinationsintheworld.2.(2015卷I·70)Abercrombie&Kent,atravelcompanyinHongKong,saysitregularlyarrangesquickgetawayshereforpeople_______(live)inShanghaiandHongKong.3.(2015卷II·61)Theadobedwellings(土坯房)______(build)bythePuebloIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwestareadmiredby…4.(2015卷II·64)Inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty,whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheirabilityto“aircondition”ahousewithout______(use)electricequipment.5.(2015卷II·66)Whenanewdaybreaks,thewallshavegivenuptheirheatandarenowcoldenough_______(cool)thehouseduringthehotday.6.(2014卷I·65)Buttheriverwasn’tchangedinafewdaysorevenafewmonths.Ittookyearsofwork_________(reduce)theindustrialpollutionandcleanthewater.7.(2014卷I·68)Whilethereare________(amaze)storiesofinstanttransformation,formostofusthechangesaregradualandrequirealotofeffortandwork,likecleaningupapollutedriver.8.(2014卷II·41)Onemorning,Iwaswaitingatthebusstop,worriedabout______(be)lateforschool.9.(2014卷II·43)Thereweremanypeoplewaitingatthebusstop,andsomeofthemlookedveryanxiousand______________(disappoint).10.(2014卷II·46)Iheardapassengerbehindmeshoutingtothedriver,butherefused_________(stop)untilwereachedthenextstop.语法填空---强化训练用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空：Weoftenprovideourchildrenwithtoys,footballsorbasketballs,___________(think)thatallchildrenlikethesethings.　　(05全国二)___________(face)withadifficultsituation,Arnolddecidedtoaskhisbossforadvice.　（05北京春招）　Icouldn'tdomyhomeworkwithallthatnoise________________(go)on.　（05北京）　4.Witheverythingheneeded________________(buy),heleftthesupermarket.5.Withtoomuchwork______________(do),Ican’tgooutwithyou.6.Thebuilding________________(build)nowwillbearestaurant.7.Thebuilding_________________(build)nextyearwillbearestaurant.8.Thebuilding_______________(build)lastyearisarestaurant.9.Don'tsitthere____________(do)nothing.Comeandhelpmewiththistable.10.Allthesegiftsmustbemailedimmediatelysoasto__________(receive)intimeforChristmas.11.Lessons___________________(learn)insportscanhelpusinourdealingwithotherpeople.12.Fishingishisfavoritehobby,and________________(collect)coinsalsogiveshimgreatpleasure.13.Eugeneisneverwillingtochangehismind.It'snouse_____________(argue)withhim.14.Hewastheonlyforeigner_________________(get)suchanhonoryesterday.15.Ican'tstand__________(work)withJaneinthesameoffice.Shejustrefuses____________(stop)talkingwhilesheworks.短文错误---高考真题回顾1.(2015新课标卷II)Afterlooksatthetoyforsometime,heturnedaroundandfoundthat……2.(2013新课标卷II)Haveteainthelateafternoonprovidesabridgebetweenlunchanddinner.3.(2012新课标卷)Mypunishmentlastedayear.Meanwhile,Ifoundoutthatwithmorepatience,Icouldmakemytoystolast.Myattitudechangedfromthenon.短文错误---强化训练（1）DavidandIwantedgoofftofindhelpbutBillinsistedonstayingnearthecar.（全国卷）（2）Davidpointedtoapathwhichhethoughtwouldprobablyleadingtoavillage.（全国卷）（3）IwentbacktogetDavidandhelpedhimtostoodup.（全国卷）（4）CharlesandLindaMasondoallofthesethingsaswellasclimbedbuilding.（全国卷）（5）Modernpeopleknowmoreabouthealth,havebetterfood,andtoliveinclearersurroundings.（全国卷）（6）TheWorldHealthOrganizationandotherorganizationsareworkingimprovehealthallovertheworld.（7）…youpaythecostofsendapostcard，thelibrarianwillwritetoyou.（全国卷）（8）…andletyoutoknowwhenthebookyouwanthasreturned（全国卷）（9）Iwanttothankyouagainforhavemeinyourhomeforthesummerholidays.（全国卷）（10）Ihadalwayswantedreturntothevillageaftermovingaway.（全国卷）（11）Itwasverykindofthemtomeetmeattherailwaystationanddrovemetotheirhome.（全国卷）（12）Ilookforwardtohearfromyousoon.（全国卷）（13）Playfootballnotonlymakesusgrowuptallandstrongbutalsogivesusasenseof….（全国卷）（14）Iwasoftenalittletiredafteraday‘sworkandwatchTVdemandsverylittleeffort.（全国卷）（15）I‘dlikeverymuchcomebutIhaveanexaminationonMondaymorning.（北京春季卷）（16）I‘llspendthewholeweekendreadingandprepareforit.（北京春季卷）高中英语辅导---基础篇参考答案一、动词不定式:4.如，laugh如，towrite5.toget二、分词（一）V-ing形式1.Beingpoor2.playing3.beingdisscussed4.beingleft5.Havingworked（二）过去分词finishedSeen4.作状语1.Following2.Followed三、动名词2.smoking;tosmoke需要注意的几个问题:（一）、不定式的逻辑主语for语法填空---高考真题回顾（一）、全国卷：1.conducted2.living3.built4.using5.tocool6.toreduce7.amazing8.being9.disappointed10.tostop语法填空---强化训练用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空：1.thinking2.Faced3.going4.bought5.todo6.beingbuilt7.tobebuilt8.built9.doing10.bereceived11.learnt/learned12.collecting13.arguing14.toget15.working;短文错误---高考真题回顾1.把looks改为looking2.把Have改为Having3.把to去掉短文错误---强化训练（1）（wanted后加to，因为want后要接不定式）（全国卷）（2）（leading改为lead，因为其前有助动词would）（全国卷）（3）（stood改为stand，因为tostandup在此为不定式结构）（全国卷）（4）（climbed改为climb/climbing，若将aswellas视为连词，则将climbed改为climb，因为它与其前的do并列；若将aswellas视为介词，则climbing，因为介词后动词用动名词）（全国卷）（5）（去掉live前的to，因为live与其前的know，have并列）（全国卷）（6）（improve前加to，toimprove…为表目的的不定式短语）（全国卷）（7）（send改为sending，因为介词后接动名词作宾语）（全国卷）（8）（去掉know前的to，因为其前有动词let）（全国卷）（9）（have改为having，因为介词后接动名词作宾语）（全国卷）（10）return前加to，因为want后要接不定式）（全国卷）（11）（drove改为drive，因为drive与其前的tomeet并列，此处的drive为省略to的不定式）（全国卷）（12）（hear改为hearing，因为其前的to是介词）（全国卷）（13）（第一个play改为playing，因为动词原形不能用作主语）（全国卷）（14）（watch改为watching，因为动词原形不能用作主语）（全国卷）（15）（come前加to，因为wouldlike后接不定式）（北京春季卷）（16）（prepare改为preparing，因为它与其前的reading并列，与其前所用的动词spend有关）