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2015年北京航空航天大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷

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2015年北京航空航天大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷2015年北京航空航天大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷(总分:98.00,做题时间:90分钟)一、Vocabulary(总题数:30,分数:60.00)1.IhopeyoudonthinkIm______butIvehadtheelectricfireonformostoftheday.(分数:2.00)A.exquisiteB.extravagant√C.exoticD.eccentric解析:解析:句意:我几乎一整天都开着电热炉,希望你不会觉得我很浪费。本题考查形容词辨析。extravagant奢侈的,浪费的。由句意可...

2015年北京航空航天大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷
2015年北京航空航天大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷(总分:98.00,做题时间:90分钟)一、Vocabulary(总题数:30,分数:60.00)1.IhopeyoudonthinkIm______butIvehadtheelectricfireonformostoftheday.(分数:2.00)A.exquisiteB.extravagant√C.exoticD.eccentric解析:解析:句意:我几乎一整天都开着电热炉,希望你不会觉得我很浪费。本题考查形容词辨析。extravagant奢侈的,浪费的。由句意可知,B项正确。exquisite精致的,优美的,高雅的。exotic异国的,外来的。eccentric古怪的,反常的。2.Beenesnewnovelprovesheisnjusta______inthepan.(分数:2.00)A.flareB.glitterC.sparkD.flash√解析:解析:句意:比尼的新小说证明他并不是昙花一现。本题考查固定俗语。aflashinthepan昙花一现(开始的时候 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 现很出色,但很快就默默无闻)。因此本题应选D项。3.Thenewly-builtScienceBuildingseems______enoughtolastahundredyears.(分数:2.00)A.spaciousB.sophisticatedC.substantial√D.steady解析:解析:句意:那栋新建的科学楼看起来很牢固,好像可以屹立一百年不倒。本题考查形容词辨析。substantial牢固的,坚实的。因此C项正确。spacious广阔的,宽敞的。sophisticated复杂的;世故的。steady稳定的,不变的。4.Thereisnothinginphysicalstructure,thebrainortheinternalorgansto______adifference.(分数:2.00)A.displayB.indicate√C.demonstrateD.appear解析:解析:句意:在物理结构、大脑或内部器官上并没有显现出任何差异。本题考查动词辨析。display、indicate、demonstrate均有“表明,显示”的意思。display多指将某物陈列在显眼之处以便发现其优点,侧重有意识地显示。indicate多指某种事实说明什么问题、情况,或者暗示可能发生的事情。demonstrate指用实例、实验推理等手段表演、证明,或论证某一问题,也指明显地表露感情。根据句意,物理结构、大脑或内部器官上没有显现出差异只是在说明事实或者情况,因此需使用indicate,因此选B项.ap—pear是不及物动词,表示“出现,显露”,后面不能直接接宾语。5.Thiskindofmaterialcan______heatandmoisture.(分数:2.00)A.deleteB.compelC.constrain√D.repel解析:解析:句意:这种材质耐热又防潮。本题考查动词辨析。repel排斥,抵制;防,抗。因此本题应选D项。delete消去,删除。compel强迫,迫使。constrain限制,约束。6.Theriverisalready______itsbanksbecauseofexcessiverainfall,andthecityisthreatenedwithalikelyflood.(分数:2.00)A.paralleltoB.levelinC.flatonD.flushwith√解析:解析:句意:由于降雨量过多,这条小河已经和河岸齐平了,这个城市可能要陷入洪水中。本题考查词组辨析。flushwith与……齐平,同高。因此D项正确。parallelto平行于,与……平等。level(in)同等,不相上下。flat表示“平坦的,扁平的”,一般不与介词on搭配。7.Thepoliticalfutureofthepresidentisnowhangingbya______.(分数:2.00)A.thread√B.cordC.stringD.rope解析:解析:句意:这位总统的政治前途岌岌可危。本题考查固定习语。hangbyathread是固定习语,表示“千钧一发,危在旦夕”。因此A项正确。8.Halftheprofitsare______inacorporateaccountthatcanbedrawnononlywithstockholderconsent.(分数:2.00)A.investedB.deposited√C.storedD.saved解析:解析:句意:一半的营收都存在公司账户中,只有经过股东同意才可以使用。本题考查动词辨析。deposit存款,存放。结合account(账户)可知,B项正确。invest投资。store储存,贮存。save挽救;节省。9.Mr.Robinsonknewthatthemosttrivialchorecouldprovetobea______ifapproachedwithenthusiasm.(分数:2.00)A.prizeB.reward√C.refundD.bonus解析:解析:句意:罗宾逊先生知道,如果带着热情去做,最琐碎的家务也能变成一种报偿。本题考查名词辨析。reward报答,报酬,酬谢。因此B项正确。prize奖金,奖品,奖赏。refund退款,偿还。bonus奖金,红利,额外津贴。10.Thespeaker______uswithtalesofexoticlandsandburiedtreasure.(分数:2.00)A.detouredB.offsetC.tantalized√D.ushered解析:解析:句意:发言人用异国故事和埋藏的宝藏吊足了我们的胃口。本题考查动词辨析。tan—talize逗弄,吊胃口,使人干着急。因此C项正确。detour绕道而行。offset抵消,弥补。usher引导,招待,迎接。.11.Governmentloanhavebeenthe______ofseveralshakybusinesscompanies.(分数:2.00)A.tornadoB.salvation√C.delinquencyD.momentum解析:解析:句意:政府贷款拯救了一些摇摇欲坠的商业公司。本题考查名词辨析。salvation拯救,救助。因此本题应选B项。tornado龙卷风,旋风。delinquency违法犯罪,行为不良,失职。momentum势头,动力。12.Afteraperiodofprobationa______becomesanun.(分数:2.00)A.sopranoB.hippie√C.noviceD.monsieur解析:解析:句意:经过一段缓刑期后,嬉皮士都变得清心寡欲。本题考查名词辨析。probation缓刑;实习。nun修女。hippie表示“嬉皮士”,与nun形成对比,符合句意,因此 答案 八年级地理上册填图题岩土工程勘察试题省略号的作用及举例应急救援安全知识车间5s试题及答案 为B项。soprano女高音。novice新手。monsieur先生,绅士。13.Whileshehadthefever,she______forhours.(分数:2.00)A.raved√B.sniggeredC.titteredD.perforated解析:解析:句意:她发烧的时候,说了好几个小时的胡话。本题考查动词辨析。rave胡言乱语,语无伦次。因此A项正确。snigger窃笑,暗笑。titter窃笑,傻笑,嗤笑。perforate穿过,贯穿,穿孔。14.OnAugust18ththepresidentannouncedageneral______forpoliticalexiles.(分数:2.00)A.adoB.yogaC.quartetD.amnesty√解析:解析:句意:8月18日总统宣布大赦政治流亡者。本题考查名词辨析。amnesty大赦,特赦。因此本题应选D项。ado麻烦,纷扰。yoga瑜伽。quartet四重奏;四件套。15.Thescentsoftheflowerswas______tousbythebreeze.(分数:2.00)A.interceptedB.detestedC.saturatedD.wafted√解析:解析:句意:微风送来了花香。本题考查动词辨析。waft(使某物)在空中飘荡。因此D项正确。intercept拦截,截击。detest厌恶,憎恨。saturate浸透,使饱和,使充满。16.Theplumblineisalwaysperpendicular______thehorizontalplane.(分数:2.00)A.withB.fromC.at√D.to解析:解析:句意:铅垂线总是和水平线垂直。本题考查固定搭配。beperpendiculartosth.是固定搭配,表示“与……成直角,与……垂直”。因此D项正确。17.Ifitdoesnrainwithinthenextfewweeks,thecropswillhavetobewaterediftheyare______.(分数:2.00)A.tosurvive√B.tobesurvivedC.beingsurvivedD.surviving解析:解析:句意:如果接下来的几周内不下雨,这些庄稼要存活下来的话,我们就要给它们浇水。本题考查动词不定式。survive没有被动语态,B、C项应排除。betosurvive表示“想,打算”,即“如果要存活下来的话”。因此本题应选A项。D项与题干构成现在进行时,表示“正在存活”,不符合题干语境,故应排除。18.Sherefusedto______thecarkeytoherhusbanduntilhehadpromisedtowearhissafetybelt.(分数:2.00)A.handinB.handoutC.handdownD.handover√解析:解析:句意:她的丈夫 承诺 党员整改承诺书工程质量保证服务承诺书供货时间与服务承诺方案食品安全承诺书我公司的设计优势和服务承诺 系上安全带后,她才把车钥匙交给他。本题考查动词词组辨析。handover表示“交出,移交”。因此本题应选D项。handin表示“上交,呈交”,多用于下级对上级。handout分发,散发,施舍。handdown宣布,传递,代代相传。19.______seenbyanyone,thethiefescaped.(分数:2.00)A.BeingnotB.Notbeing√C.TobeD.Benot解析:解析:句意:没有被任何人看见,这个小偷逃走了。本句是现在分词作伴随状语,逻辑主语是thethief,且thief和see之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,即beingseen。现在分词的否定结构直接在句首加not,因此本题应选B项Notbeing。20.Shekeepsherselftoherself.______,shewouldbebettermarried.(分数:2.00)A.ToconsiderallthingsB.ConsideringallthingsC.Allthingsconsidered√D.Allthingsconsidering解析:解析:句意:她很少与人来往,从各方面情况来看,她都可以嫁得更好。本题考查独立主格结构。此处是一个独立主格结构,things和consider之间是被动关系,因此应用过去分词considered。因此本题应选C项。21.Thefossilizedremainsofatypeofcamel______adoghavebeenfoundintheBadlandsofSouthDakota.(分数:2.00)A.nomorelargerthanB.notlargerthanC.nolargerthan√D.whichnolargerthan解析:解析:句意:在南达科他的荒地中发现了某种和狗一样小的骆驼的化石遗迹。本题考查比较级。no+比较级+than为固定搭配,表示“……和……一样不……”。nolargerthan即相当于assmallas,表表示“……没有……大”,为客观的notlargerthan示“……与……一样小”,有暗示体型之小的意思;描述。骆驼的体型一般来说要比狗大,而发现的这具化石竟然和狗差不多,因此C项更加符合题意。因此选C项。A项中的morelarger为错误表达,D项缺少be动词。22.Wearemakinggoodprogress,butwemustnot______untilwehaveachievedourobjective.(分数:2.00)A.letup√B.giveupC.putupD.drawup解析:解析:句意:我们正在取得良好进展,但是直到我们实现目标之前千万不能松懈。letup放松;减弱。giveup放弃,停止,投降。本题强调在进步的过程中不可“松懈”,而非“放弃”,因此A项为正确答案。putup举起;提高;张贴。drawup起草,草拟。23.AlexanderGrahamBellinvented______telephonein1876.(分数:2.00)A./B.aC.oneD.the√解析:解析:句意:亚历山大·格雷厄姆·贝尔于1876年发明了电话。本题考查冠词用法。the用于单数可数名词前,表示整体或类别。这里指贝尔发明了电话,并不是泛指任何一台电话,也没有强调电话的数量,因此排除B项和C项。24.PerhapsthemostsignificantpostwartrendwasthedecentralizationofcitiesthroughouttheUnitedStates,______whenmassivehighway-buildingprogramspermittedgreatersuburbangrowth.(分数:2.00)A.andacceleratedaphenomenonB.aphenomenonthataccelerated√C.acceleratingaphenomenonwhichD.theaccelerationofwhichphenomenon解析:解析:句意:可能战后最重要的趋势就是美国城市的分散化,当大规模的高速公路建设项目让郊区获得更大发展时,便加速了城市分散化这一现象。本题考查同位语结构。aphenomenon是thedecentralizationofcitiesthroughouttheUnitedStates的同位语。when引导时间状语从句。因此B项正确,thataccelerated定语从句,修饰thephenomenon。A项中and后面的内容与前半句无法构成并列关系,因此A项错误;C项中which后面缺少定语从句;D中phenomenon为多余成分,且ofwhich后缺少定语从句.25.______bytheUnitedStatesgovernmentsBureauofLaborStatistics,theConsumerPriceIndexcomparescurrentcostsofgoodsandserviceswithpastcosts.(分数:2.00)A.ToprepareB.AsitpreparedC.WhenpreparationD.Prepared√解析:解析:由美国政府的劳动统计局筹划,本次居民消费价格指数将当前商品和服务的价格与以前价格做了比较。CPI由劳动统计局安排统计,两者为被动关系,因此D项为正确答案。26.Asthetrainwillnotleaveuntilonehourlater,we______grababiteatthesnackbar.(分数:2.00)A.maywellB.justaswellC.mightaswell√D.aswell解析:解析:句意:火车一个小时以后才会开,我们不如去小吃店吃点东西吧。本题考查固定词组。mightaswell是固定词组,表示“不妨,倒不如”。因此本题应选C项。27.Justasthesoilisapartoftheearth,______theatmosphere.(分数:2.00)A.asitisB.sois√C.thesameasD.andsois解析:解析:句意:正如土壤是地球的一部分一样,大气也是(地球的一部分)。“so+谓语动词+主语”表示“……也一样”。因此本题应选B项。28.Ourcivilizationcannotbethoughtofas______inashortperiodoftime.(分数:2.00)A.tohavebeencreatedB.tobecreatedC.havingbeencreated√D.beingcreated解析:解析:句意:不应把我们的文明看作是短期内创造出来的。bethoughtofas被认为,被看作。as在这里是介词,后面应接名词或动名词,A、B项应排除;“我们创造文明”是到说话时为止已经完成的动作,因此应用现在完成时。因此本题应选C项。29.Theircoachmust______theteamspoorperformance.(分数:2.00)A.answerfor√B.answertoC.answerbackD.answerabout解析:解析:句意:教练必须对球队表现不佳负责。本题考查固定搭配。answerfor是固定搭配,表示“因……而受罚,对……负责”。因此本题应选A项。answerto……的答案;符合,适应。answerback应答,回复;顶嘴。30.JeanWagnersmostenduringcontributiontothestudyofAfro-Americanpoetryishisinsistencethatit______inareligious,aswellasworldly,frameofreference.(分数:2.00)A.istobeanalyzedB.hasbeenanalyzedC.beanalyzed√D.shouldhavebeenanalyzed解析:解析:句意:JeanWagner对于研究美国黑人诗歌作出的最持久的贡献就是他坚持以宗教和世俗为参照标准来分析它。这里的insistence表示“坚持(要求)”,其后的同位语从句要用虚拟语气,即同位语从句中谓语动词应用“(should)+动词原形”。因此本题应选C项。二、ReadingComprehension(总题数:4,分数:36.00)ThetermIceAgemaygiveawrongimpression.TheepochthatgeologistsknowasthePleistoceneandthatspannedthe1.5to2.0millionyearspriortothecurrentgeologicepochwasnotonelongcontinuousglaciation,butaperiodofoscillatingclimatewithiceadvancespunctuatedbytimesofinterglacialclimatenotverydifferentfromtheclimateexperiencednow.IcesheetsthatderivedfromanicecapcenteredonnorthernScandinaviareachedsouthwardtoCentralEurope.Andbeyondthemarginsoftheicesheets,climaticoscillationsaffectedmostoftherestoftheworld;forexample,inthedeserts,periodsofwetterconditions(pluvials)contrastedwithdrier,interpluvialperiods.Althoughthetimeinvolvedissoshort,about0.04percentofthetotalageoftheEarth,theamountofattentiondevotedtothePleistocenehasbeenincrediblylarge,probablybecauseofitsimmediacy,andbecausetheepochlargelycoincideswiththeappearanceonEarthofhumansandtheirimmediateancestors.ThereisnoreliablewayofdatingmuchoftheIceAge.Geologicaldatesareusuallyobtainedbyusingtheratesofdecayofvariousradioactiveelementsfoundinminerals.Someoftheseratesaresuitableforveryoldrocksbutinvolveincreasingerrorswhenusedforyoungrocks;othersaresuitableforveryyoungrocksanderrorsincreaserapidlyinolderrocks.MostoftheIceAgespansaperiodoftimeforwhichnoelementhasanappropriatedecayrate.Nevertheless,researchersofthePleistoceneepochhavedevelopedallsortsofmoreorlessfancifulmodelschemesofhowtheywouldhavearrangedtheIceAgehadtheybeeninchargeofevents.Forexample,anearlyclassificationofAlpineglaciationsuggestedtheexistencethereoffourglaciations,namedtheGunz,Mindel,Piss,andWurm.Thissuccessionwasbasedprimarilyonaseriesofdepositsandeventsnotdirectlyrelatedtoglacialandinterglacialperiods,ratherthanonthemoreusualmodernmethodofstudyingbiologicalremainsfoundininterglacialbedsthemselvesinterstratifiedwithinglacialdeposits.Yetthissuccessionwasforcedwilly-nillyontotheglaciatedpartsofNorthernEurope,wheretherearepartialsuccessionsoftrueglacialgroundmorainesandinterglacialdeposits,withhopesofultimatelypiecingthemtogethertoprovideacompletePleistocenesuccession.EradicationoftheAlpinenomenclatureisstillprovingaHerculeantask.Thereisnoconclusiveevidenceabouttherelativelength,complexity,andtemperaturesofthevariousglacialandinterglacialperiods.Wedonotknowwhetherweliveinapostglacialperiodoraninterglacialperiod.Thechilltruthseemstobethatwearealreadypasttheoptimumclimateofpostglacialtime.Studiesofcertainfossildistributionsandofthepollenofcertaintemperateplantssuggestdecreasesofadegreeortwoinbothsummerandwintertemperaturesand,therefore,thatwemaybeinthedecliningclimaticphaseleadingtoglaciationandextinction.(分数:10.00)(1).Inthepassage,theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith______.(分数:2.00)A.searchingforanaccuratemethodofdatingthePleistoceneepochB.discussingproblemsinvolvedinprovidinganaccuratepictureofthePleistoceneepoch√C.declaringoppositiontotheuseofthetermIceAgeforthePleistoceneepochD.criticizingfancifulschemesaboutwhathappenedinthePleistoceneepoch解析:解析:最后一段第一句为本文的主旨句,提到“没有结论性的证据来确定各个冰川期和间冰期的相对时间长度、复杂性以及温度”,接着又提到“我们尚不确定我们生活在后冰期还是间冰期”。由此可知,本文主要探讨精确描述更新世时期景象上所遇到的问题,因此B项正确。(2).Thewrongimpression(line1.)towhichtheauthorrefersistheideathatthe______.(分数:2.00)A.climateofthePleistoceneepochwasnotverydifferentfromtheclimatewearenowexperiencingB.climateofthePleistoceneepochwascomposedofperiodsofviolentstormsC.Pleistoceneepochconsistedofverywet,coldperiodsmixedwithverydry,hotperiodsD.PleistoceneepochcomprisedoneperiodofcontinuousglaciationduringwhichNorthernEuropewascoveredwithicesheets√解析:解析:文章首段第二句对“wrongimpression”进行了补充说明,认为“地质学家所熟知的先于目前地质时期150万年和200万年的更新世时期并非一段漫长连续的冰蚀,期间温度不断波动,冰块迁移的过程中时不时伴有间冰期的气候,而这种间冰期气候与我们现在的气候相差无几”,由此可知,更新世时期的冰蚀现象并非连续不间断的,“错误印象”即是“更新世时期包含一段漫长连续的冰蚀”。因此,D项为正确答案。A项属于以偏概全,更新世时期除了包括与我们现在相近的气候,还有冰蚀。B、C两项文中没有提及。(3).WhichofthefollowingdoesthepassageimplyabouttheearlyclassificationofAlpineglaciation?(分数:2.00)A.Itshouldnothavebeenappliedaswidelyasitwas.√B.Itrepresentsthebestpossiblescientificpractice,giventhetoolsavailableatthetime.glaciation.ofperiodsfourtheoflengththemeasuringfortime,itsintool,valuableawasC.ItD.Itcouldbeuseful,butonlyasageneralguidetotheeventsofthePleistoceneepoch.解析:解析:由划线处后一句中的“Thissuccessionwasbasedprimarilyon…,ratherthanonthemoreusualmodernmethod…”,再结合最后一句“EradicationoftheAlpinenomenclatureisstillprovingaHerculeantask(彻底找出一个术语来描述阿尔卑斯山采用的 方法 快递客服问题件处理详细方法山木方法pdf计算方法pdf华与华方法下载八字理论方法下载 依然任务艰巨)”,由此可知,阿尔卑斯冰蚀的早期分类方法与常见的方法不同,是种还未正式命名的新方法,因此A项为正确答案。其余三项文中均未提及。(4).Theauthorreferstodesertsprimarilyinorderto______.(分数:2.00)A.supporttheviewthatweareprobablylivinginapostglacialperiodB.illustratetheideathatwhathappenedinthedesertsduringtheIceAgehadfar-reachingeffectsevenontheicesheetsofCentralandNorthernEuropeC.illustratetheideathattheeffectsoftheIceAgesclimaticvariationsextendedbeyondtheareasofice√D.supporttheviewthatduringtheIceAgesheetsoficecoveredsomeofthedesertsoftheworld解析:解析:由关键词deserts可定位至第一段倒数第二句。前半句提到“气候波动的影响超出了冰床的范围,影响了世界上大部分其他地方”,后面通过列举沙漠地区的例子来补充说明,因此c项正确。其余三项皆不符合文意。(5).Theauthorwouldregardtheideathatwearelivinginaninterglacialperiodas______.(分数:2.00)A.unimportantB.unscientificC.self-evidentD.plausible√解析:解析:最后一段倒数第二句提到“残酷的事实似乎是:后冰期的最佳气候已经离我们远去了”,接着在末尾提到“我们可能正处于温度下降时期,这会给我们带来冰蚀或灭亡”,由此可知,我们尚未进入冰川期,可能处于冰川期之间的“间冰期”,因此D项正确。plausible表示“似乎正确的,似有道理的”。Investigatorsofmonkeyssocialbehaviorhavealwaysbeenstruckbymonkeysaggressivepotentialandtheconsequentneedforsocialcontroloftheiraggressivebehavior.Studiesdirectedatdescribingaggressivebehaviorandthesituationsthatelicitit,aswellasthesocialmechanismsthatcontrolit,werethereforeamongthefirstinvestigationsofmonkeyssocialbehavior.Investigatorsinitiallybelievedthatmonkeyswouldcompeteforanyresourceintheenvironment;hungrymonkeyswouldfightoverfood,thirstymonkeyswouldfightoverwater,and,ingeneral,anytimemorethanonemonkeyinagroupsoughtthesameincentivesimultaneously,adisputewouldresultandwouldberesolvedthroughsomeformofaggression.However,themotivatingforceofcompetitionforincentivesbegantobedoubtedwhenexperimentslikeSouthwicksonthereductionofspaceorthewithholdingoffoodfailedtoproducemorethantemporaryincreasesinintra-groupaggression.Indeed,fooddeprivationnotonlyfailedtoincreaseaggressionbutinsomecasesactuallyresultedindecreasedfrequenciesofaggression.Studiesofanimalsinthewildunderconditionsofextremefooddeprivationlikewiserevealedthatstarvingmonkeysdevotedalmostallavailableenergytoforaging,withlittleenergyremainingforaggressiveinteraction.Furthermore,accumulatingevidencefromlaterstudiesofavarietyofprimategroups,forexample,thestudyconductedbyBernstein,indicatesthatoneofthemostpotentstimuliforelicitingaggressionistheintroductionofanintruderintoanorganizedgroup.Suchintroductionsresultinfarmoreseriousaggressionthanthatproducedinanyothertypesofexperimentscontrivedtoproducecompetition.Thesestudiesofintruderssuggestthatadultmembersofthesamespeciesintroducedtooneanotherforthefirsttimeshowconsiderablehostilitybecause,intheabsenceofasocialorder,onemustbeestablishedtocontrolinteranimalrelationships.Whenasinglenewanimalisintroducedintoanexistingsocialorganization,thenewcomermeetsevenmoreseriousaggression.Whereasinthefirstcaseaggressionestablishesasocialorder,inthesecondcaseresidentanimalsmobtheintruder,therebyinitiallyexcludingthenewanimalfromtheexistingsocialunit.Thesimultaneousintroductionofseveralanimalslessenstheeffect,ifonlybecausethegroupdividesitsattentionamongthemultipletargets.If,however,theseveralanimalsintroducedtoagroupconstitutetheirownsocialunit,eachgroupmayfighttheopposinggroupasaunit;but,again,noindividualissubjectedtomassattack,andtheverycohesionofthegroupsprecludesprolongedindividualcombat.Thesubmissionofthedefeatedgroup,ratherthanunleashinguncheckedaggressiononthepartofthevictoriousgroup,reducesboththeintensityandfrequencyoffurtherattack.Monkeygroupsthereforeseetobeorganizedprimarilytomaintaintheirestablishedsocialorderratherthantoengageinhostilitiesperse.(分数:10.00)(1).Theauthorofthepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith______.(分数:2.00)A.advancinganewmethodologyforchangingamonkeyssocialbehaviorB.comparingthemethodsofseveralresearchstudiesonaggressionamongmonkeysC.explainingthereasonsforresearchersinterestinmonkeyssocialbehaviorD.discussingthedevelopmentofinvestigatorstheoriesaboutaggressionamongmonkeys√解析:解析:主旨大意题。通读全文可知,第一段中讲到研究猴子社会行为的研究人员对猴子潜在的好斗性以及随之而来的对它们好斗性行为所需要的社会控制很感兴趣。接下来介绍了科学家们对猴子好斗性研究的新认识和发现(研究人员们起初认为猴子们会为了环境中的任何资源而进行竞争,后来各种研究表明引发好斗性行为的最强有力的刺激因素之一,就是在一个有组织的群体内引人一个人侵者)。即科学家们对猴子好斗性的研究有了新的进展。因此D项“讨论调查人员关于猴子好斗性的理论的进展”正确。(2).Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthefindingsreportedinthepassageabouttheeffectsoffooddeprivationonmonkeysbehavior?(分数:2.00)A.Fooddeprivationhasnoeffectonaggressionamongmonkeys.B.Fooddeprivationincreasesaggressionamongmonkeysbecauseoneofthemostpotentstimuliforelicitingaggressionisthecompetitionforincentives.C.Fooddeprivationmayincreaselong-termaggressionamongmonkeysinalaboratorysetting,butitproducesonlytemporaryincreasesamongmonkeysinthewild.D.Fooddeprivationmaytemporarilyincreaseaggressionamongmonkeys,butitalsoleadstoadecreaseinconflict.√解析:解析:推理判断题。根据题干中的“fooddeprivation”可定位至原文第二段的倒数第一、二句和第三段的首句,由原文第二段中的“…thereductionofspaceorthewithholdingoffoodfailedtoproducemorethantemporaryincreasesinintragroupaggression.Indeed,fooddep—rivationnotonlyfailedtoincreaseaggressionbutinsomecasesactuallyresultedinde—creasedfrequenciesofaggression…”可知,减少空间或不给猴子喂食仅仅只能暂时增加猴子社会群体内部的争斗。事实上,食物缺乏不但不能加剧好斗性,反而在某些情况下实际导致了冲突行为频率的下降。因此D项正确。(3).Thepassagesuggeststhatinvestigatorsofmonkeyssocialbehaviorhavebeenespeciallyinterestedinaggressivebehavioramongmonkeysbecause______.(分数:2.00)A.aggressionisthemostcommonsocialbehavioramongmonkeysB.successfulcompetitionforincentivesdeterminesthesocialorderinamonkeygroupC.situationsthatelicitaggressivebehaviorcanbestudiedinalaboratoryD.mostmonkeysarepotentiallyaggressive,yettheyliveinsocialunitsthatcouldnotfunctionwithoutcontroloftheiraggressiveimpulses√解析:解析:细节理解题。由题干中的“havebeenespeciallyinterestedin…”可定位至原文第一段中的“havealwaysbeenstruckby”。原文第一段中提到“…havealwaysbeenstruckbymonkeys'aggressivepotentialandtheconsequentneedforsocialcontroloftheiraggressivebehavior…aggressivebehaviorandthesituationsthatelicitit,aswellasthesocialmecha—nismsthatcontrolit…”,由此可知,研究猴子社会行为的研究人员对猴子潜在的好斗性以及随之而来的对它们好斗性行为所需要的社会控制很感兴趣。即他们研究这种好斗性行为、引发这种行为的情景以及控制这种行为的社会机制的原因是很多猴子具有潜在的攻击性,且它们生活在不控制好它们的攻项正确。D击性就无法正常运行的社会体系中。因此.(4).Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheestablishmentandpreservationofsocialorderamongagroupofmonkeysisessentialinorderto______.(分数:2.00)A.keepthemonkeysfromstrayingandjoiningothergroupsB.preventaggressivecompetitionforincentivesbetweenthatgroupandanotherC.preventthedominationofthatgroupbyanotherD.protectindividualsseekingtobecomemembersofthatgroupfrommassattack√解析:解析:由原文第四段中的“…intheabsenceofasocialorder,onemustbeestablishedtocontrolinteranimalrelationships.Whenasinglenewanimalisintroducedintoanexistingsocialorganization,thenewcomermeetsevenmoreseriousaggression…residentanimalsmobthein—truder,therebyinitiallyexcludingthenewanimalfromtheexistingsocialunit.”可知,在缺乏某种社会秩序的情况下,为了能控制动物之间的关系,一只猴子必须确立自己的地位。当单独一只新动物被引入到一个已经存在的社会组织中来时,新来者会遭受到更加严重的攻击,已经在群体中居住的动物则会对新来者进行围攻,从而在一开始便将新动物驱逐出现存的社会单元。即在一群猴子中建立某种社会秩序可以让想要加人群体的个体免受围攻。因此D项正确。(5).Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheorganizationofthesecondparagraph?(分数:2.00)A.Ahypothesisisexplainedandcounterevidenceisdescribed.√B.Atheoryisadvancedandspecificevidencesupportingitiscited.C.Fieldobservationsaredescribedandaconclusionabouttheirsignificanceisdrawn.D.Twotheoriesareexplainedandevidencesupportingeachofthemisdetailed.解析:解析:段落结构题。第二段第一句提出了一种假说(研究人员们起初相信,猴子们会为了环境中的任何资源而进行竞争;饥饿的猴子会为了食物而争夺,干渴的猴子会为了饮水而打架,并且,总的说来,每当多于一只猴子同时为了同样的刺激物而争夺时,争执便会发生,并最终以某种形式的斗争而解决。);第二句以Southwick的研究成果为证据(evidence)对第一句提出的假说进行了否定;第三句对新的结论进行了总结。因此本题的正确答案应为A项“解释一种假说并陈述反方的论据”。ItisanunfortunatefactthatmostNorthAmericansknowlittleaboutAmericanIndiancultureandhistory.Scholarshavestudiedsuchmatters,buttheyhavenotsucceededinbroadcastingtheirconclusionswidely.Thus,itisstillnotwidelyknownthatAmericanIndianshaveepics,thattheyperformedplayslongbeforeEuropeansarrived,andthattheypracticedpoliticsandcarriedontrade.OnewaytogainafullerappreciationofthisrichcultureistoexamineAmericanIndianpoetry,forpoetryisinallculturesthemostcentralandarticulateofthearts.ItisespeciallyimportantthatwestudyAmericanIndianpoetryasthispoetrycancreateacontextthatgivescohesiveexpressiontothecrafts,theartifacts,andtheisolatedfactsthatmanyAmericanshavemanagedtonoticewilly-nilly.EvenasurveyofAmericanIndianpoetryrevealsarangeofpoeticthoughtandtechniquethatdefieseasygeneralization.JaroldRamseyhazardsasummary,however,whichservesatleasttogivethe
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