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(3)Lawsaregenerallyfoundtobenetsofsuchatexture,asthelittlecreepthrough,thegreatbreakthrough,andthemiddle-sizedarealoneentangledin.WilliamShensto,Britishpoet人们通常会发现，法律就是这样的一种网，触犯法律的人，小的可以穿网而过，大的可以破网而出，只有中等的才会坠入网中。英国诗人申斯通W2/8/20202法律英语BackgroundAdministrativelawisbrokenintoseveralinterrelatedparts.Theyare:administrativerules,regulationsandproceduresforgovernmentagenciesandbodies;thescopeofagencyauthority,inparticularindividualprivacy;andenforcementpowersofagencies.2/8/20203法律英语Threeconcerns:Theproceduresemployedby“agencies”ineffecting“agencyaction”JudicialreviewofthoseactionsSpecialproceduresrelatingtothehandlingandreleaseofinformationinthegovernment’spossession2/8/20204法律英语Neitheracourtnoralegislaturenoranelectedchiefexecutivecanbean“agency”.法院、立法机构和行政长官都不构成“行政机关”。“Agency”includeseveryadministrativeunitexercisingpublicauthority行使公共权力的行政单位构成行政机关。2/8/20205法律英语AgencyactionAdministrativeprocedurelegislation——relativelyformalproceduresofadjudication,rulemaking正式判决、规章制定Federalagencyaction——grant,denial,orfailuretoactupon……2/8/20206法律英语ModelStateAdministrativeProcedureAct行政行为包括自由地履行或不履行
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、职能和行为2/8/20207法律英语例外传统的刑事诉讼、传统的民事诉讼、严格意义上的政治行为CriminallawproceedingsCivillitigationPoliticalacts2/8/20208法律英语AdministrativelawGrab-bagforallgovernmentactionsaffectingprivatepersons……___thoseofthecriminallawortheordinarycivillawasadministeredbycourts……Canbeconnectedwithpublicadministration2/8/20209法律英语ThecentraltasksofadministrativelawAssuringthecontrolaswellastheeffectivenessofgovernment行政法的主要任务是确保对政府的控制，并保证政府的工作效率。2/8/202010法律英语ParadigmaticproceduresParadigmaticrelationshipwithoverseers标准程序、标准关系Cananddovarytomeettheneedsofparticularsituations标准程序以及与监督机构之间的标准关系并非一成不变。2/8/202011法律英语SketchymodelsFormaladjudication正式裁决Informaladjudication非正式裁决Formalrulemaking正式规章制定Informalrulemaking非正式规章制定Interpretation解释Inspection监督2/8/202012法律英语FormaladjudicationResembleaciviltrialConductbeforeanadministrativelawjudgeoragencyAstrictseparationoffunctionswithinanagencyTheresultsofformaladjudicationaregenerallyreviewedbycourtsHearing——听证会2/8/202013法律英语InformaladjudicationThetakingdecisionsbybureaucraticroutine通过政治程序作出非正式裁决judicialreviewisrelativelypermissive2/8/202014法律英语FormalrulemakingTodetermineastatute-likenormforfutureapplication确定准法律规范的程序Nostrictseparation(differsfromformaladjudication)HearingJudicialreview2/8/202015法律英语InformalrulemakingTheordinaryprocedureforgeneratingstatute-likenorms.……initiatedbyanoticeoftheproposedactionWrittencommentsOralhearings2/8/202016法律英语InformalrulemakingTheagencyexplainitsbasisandpurposeDecisionistakenbureaucraticallyJudicialreviewFullforceofstatutorylaw2/8/202017法律英语InterpretationGeneratingandannouncingagencyinterpretationsofapplicablenormsGeneratedinternallyorinresponsetoarequestNoprocedureisrequiredDonotformallybindpersonsoutsidetheagencyBeregardedaspersuasivebythecourts2/8/202018法律英语
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