信息的表述

第25讲信息的 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 述*(湖南省长沙市一中2011届高三月考七)AccordingtothesurprisingfindingsofanewstudybyU.S.investigators,chewingsugarlessgumduringclassandwhiledoinghomeworkcanhaveapositiveeffectonacademicperformanceinteenagers.*StudyleaderCraigA.JohnstonoftheChildren'sNutritionResearchCenteratBaylorCollegeofMedicineinHouston,Texas,andhiscolleaguesstudiedmorethan100eighth­gradestudents,52girlsand56boys,agedbetween13and16years,infourmathclasses.Theexpertsrandomly(任意地)assignedteenagersintotwogroups:onegroupwasaskedtochewWrigley'ssugar­freegumduringclass,whiledoinghomework,andalsowhileperformingastandardizedtest.Theychewedatleastonestickofgum86percentofthetimetheywereinmathclassand36percentofthetimetheyweredoinghomework.Theparticipantsoftheothergroupdidnot.*Johnstonandhisteamfoundthat14weekslater,thegumchewershada3percentincreaseintheirmathscoresontheTexasAssessmentofKnowledgeandSkillsachievementtest,asmallbutstatisticallysignificantchange,accordingtoexperts.TherewasnodifferencefoundinmathscoresbetweentheparticipantsinthetwogroupsinanothertestcalledtheWoodcockJohnstonⅢTestsofAchievement.However,theexperimentrevealed(展现)thatgum­chewershadbetterfinalgradesintheclasscomparedtotheirnon­chewingpeers(同龄人).AccordingtoJohnston,chewinggumreducesstressandanxietyaswellasitincreasesarousal(兴奋).*Researcherssaythatthestudiesandresearcharefocusedoninvestigatingtheeffectofchewinggumonfocus,alertness,concentration,situationalstress,weightcontrolandoralhealth.Accordingtothem,thestudyisreallymeaningfulandshouldraiseinterestinparents“whenrelatedtosmallstepsthatcanleadtobetteracademicperformance.”Thenewstudyisbeingbuiltonpreviousresearchthatwasconductedinalaboratorysettingandshowedthatgumchewingcanhelpreducestress,improvealertnessandrelieveanxiety.Thecurrentfindings,forthefirsttime,provideapossibleroleforchewingguminhelpingtoimproveacademicperformanceina“reallife”classroomsetting.*Asurprisingfinding—chewinggumresultsin1.________Ⅰ.Purposeofthestudy:Toinvestigatetheeffectofchewinggumonfocus,alertness,concentration,situationalstress,weightcontroland2.________.*Ⅱ.Theresearch:◆Researchers:CraigA.Johnstonand3.________◆Participants:4.________eighth­gradestudentsagedbetween13and16years◆Contents:*◆Results:●Gum­chewers'mathscoresincreasingby8.________ontheTexasAssessmentofKnowledgeandSkillsachievementtest●9.________intheWoodcockJohnstonIIITestsofAchievementbetweenthetwogroups●Gum­chewershavingbetterfinalgradesⅢ.Researchers'Analysis:◆Chewinggumreduces10.________.◆Chewinggumincreasesarousal.该文为说明文。主要讲述的是科学家发现青少年在上课期间或在做家庭作业时口嚼口香糖对学习成绩提高有积极作用。思路点拨*【答案及解析】1.betteracademicperformance/highermarks　概括改写题。根据全文内容，尤其是第一段内容可推知。2.oralhealth　直接题。根据倒数第二段Researcherssaythatthestudiesandresearcharefocusedoninvestigatingtheeffectofchewinggumonfocus,alertness,concentration,situationalstress,weightcontrolandoralhealth.可得知。*【答案及解析】3.hiscolleagues/team　直接题。根据第二段StudyleaderCraigA.JohnstonoftheChildren'sNutritionResearchCenteratBaylorCollegeofMedicineinHouston,Texas,andhiscolleaguesstudied…可得知。4.over100/morethan100　直接题。根据第二段…morethan100eighth­gradestudents,52girlsand56boys,agedbetween13and16years,infourmathclasses.可得知。*【答案及解析】5.14weeks　直接题。根据第三段Johnstonandhisteamfoundthat14weekslater可得知。6.mathclass(es)　直接题。根据第二段Theychewedatleastonestickofgum86percentofthetimetheywereinmathclassand36percentofthetimetheyweredoinghomework.可得知。*【答案及解析】7.Chewingnogum/Notchewinggum　改写题。根据第三段theexperimentrevealed(展现)thatgum­chewershadbetterfinalgradesintheclasscomparedtotheirnon­chewingpeers(同龄人)可得知。8.3percent　直接题。根据第三段第一句Johnstonandhisteamfoundthat14weekslater,thegumchewershada3percentincreaseintheirmathscores…可得知。*【答案及解析】9.Nodifference/(Almost)thesame　直接题。根据第三段TherewasnodifferencefoundinmathscoresbetweentheparticipantsinthetwogroupsinanothertestcalledtheWoodcockJohnstonⅢTestsofAchievement.可得知。10.stressandanxiety　直接题。根据第三段chewinggumreducesstressandanxiety…理解是前提，而表述是目的和归宿。要正确有效地表述信息要注意以下几点：一、注意文字的简洁性有以下几个规律可循：(1)用名词所有格形式“'s”代替介词of。如Citizens'longerliving就巧妙地运用了名词所有格形式“'s”，如用of,则变成了thelongerlivingofcitizens,在字数上不符合要求。(2)词性转换。如“The‘graying’oftheUnitedStates”，在表达时运用词性转换技巧，将原来的名词gray转换成现在分词时，含有动态意义，表示“逐渐变老”，言简意赅。(3)句子结构转换。主要通过加工压缩信息抓住要点。言简意赅，击中要害。因此怎样加工压缩信息就成了广大考生必备的一种技能。一般的，阅读填空题要掌握以下几种技能：①词形变形能力。主要是看其前后的动词形式再作确认。如果前后都是动词原形那就不变；如果前后是v.­ing形式，那就要随其变形。②删减多余词汇能力。一般主要是删去不影响主要意思表达的修饰词汇。如形容词、副词、冠词等等。如今年湖南高考的第76题删去了creating；第79题去掉了修饰形容词various。③以群体代替个体。如有的将a/an＋n.变为其对应的复数形式。④原意改换能力。或用同义或近义词代替；或用反义词或派生词改换；或用从句改写，或用意思接近的名词短语代替原句较长的句子。如今年高考题第73题。原句是Somecanhelpfindtherightschoolsbasedonone'sinterests.在例举式 表格 关于规范使用各类表格的通知入职表格免费下载关于主播时间做一个表格详细英语字母大小写表格下载简历表格模板下载 中Findtherightschoolsthatone__73__.根据原句basedonone'sinterests可得知答案用同意句改写替换。即：is/becomesinterestedin或shows/takes/hasinterestin；再如短文中的原信息是两个完整的句子：Onelikelydevelopmentwillbeagradualchangeinthefamilyunit.Theotherlikelydevelopmentwillbeachangeintheproportionofthenation'sworkforce.将句子的核心词进行转换，变成“Familyunitchange”和“Workforceproportionchange”，从而达到“每空不超过3个单词”的要求。二、注意表述的概括性概括性是英语阅读填空所考查的重点，要求对阅读信息具有较强的综合归纳能力。在解答这类题时，要找出共性，根据标题词的特点表达，平时注意积累典型的概括性词汇。有时不仅需要记清楚一些概括性词汇，还要熟练掌握该词汇的常用搭配，以便迅速锁定最佳词语。三、注意表述的对称性对称性是英语阅读填空的又一要求。考生必须对试题所在表格中的上下、左右进行研究，挖掘出其表达形式的共性，如名词短语、介词短语、非谓语动词短语及特殊符号等都应该保持一致。四、注意表达的正确性正确表达是英语阅读填空的基本要求。考生在找出相关信息后，必须仔细研究，作出正确的表达。务必要避免时态、人称、单复数形式的错误，更不能出拼写、标点符号等低级错误。