初中英语宾语从句知识点

教学内容宾语从句宾语从句：放在实义动词之后的词，即为宾语。宾语可以由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任。概述考试要点简要分析从句中的语序陈述句语序由that引导由whether,if引导连接词的用法由what，who，whose，which引导由where，when，why，how引导宾语从句否定前移主语是第一人称，谓语动词是think，believe时从句的简化复合句变为简单句主句是现在时，从句时态根据实际情况而定从句中的时态主句是过去时，从句用过去的对应的某种时态从句 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 示客观事实或真理，用一般现在时考点一宾语从句的时态和语序要点归纳：1、宾语从句的时态（1）如果主句是现在的某种时态（包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时），那么，宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。如：a.“Iknowmyparentscareaboutme,”hesays.他说：“我知道我父母关心我。”b.NowinChina,hehasfoundthathisfamily____________atalltreewithlongroots.现在在中国，他已经发现他的家庭就像长有很长树根的一棵大树。c.IamwritingtosaythatIamagainst____________(build)anewzooinourtown.我写信要说的是我反对在我们的镇上建一个新的动物园。d.Irememberthathe_______________________(给了我一本书)yesterday.e.Hehastoldmethathe’llleaveforNewYorktomorrow.他已告诉我明天他要____________纽约了。（2）如果主句是过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时），那么宾语从句要用过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时）。如：a.In1991,Hepburndiscoveredthatshehadcancer.1991年，赫本发现她得了癌症。b.Didyouknowthattea,themostpopulardrinkintheworld(aftertea),wasinventedbyaccident?你知道茶，这个世界上最大众化的饮料（仅次于水），是__________被发明的吗？c.WhenIfirstateinawesternrestaurant,Ididn’tknowwhatIwassupposedtodo.我第一次在西餐厅吃饭时，都不知道_____________________。d.Hetoldmethathe__________(will)takepartinthehighjump.e.SheaskedmeifI_______________(已经拿了)hersoap.（3）如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时。如：a.Hetoldmethattheearth________(go)aroundthesun.b.Didn’tyourteachertellyouthemoon________(be)smallerthanthesun?2、宾语从句的语序宾语从句要用陈述句语序。在把两个独立的句子连成一个含有宾语从句的复合句时，要特别注意从句的语序，即按照主语、谓语的顺序。但要注意，当连接词在从句中作主语时，原问句的语序不变。如：a.WhereisTomfrom?Doyouknow?→DoyouknowwhereTomisfrom?b.Whomadeyouangry?Canyoutellme?→Canyoutellmewhomadeyouangry?c.WhatisthematterwithTom?”Maryaskedme.→MaryaskedmewhatwasthematterwithTom.【小试牛刀】1.—Hi,Bruce.Hereisaletterforyou.—Thanks.Iwonder________.A.whotheletterwasfromB.whowasfromtheletterC.whowastheletterfromD.whofromtheletterwas2.—I’mgoingtobuyacar.Anyadvice,Charlie?—Well,itdependson________.Ifmoneyisn’ttheproblem,youcanbuyaBMW.A.whenyouwillbuyoneB.howmuchyoucanaffordC.whatcoloryoulikeD.whereyouaredriving3.—Canyoutellme________theprize,Tom?—Lastyear.A.whenyougotB.whendidyougetC.whenwillyougetD.whenyouwillget4.—Couldyoutellme________?—YoucantakeNo.16bus.A.howcanwegettotheOlympicParkB.howwecangettotheOlympicParkC.howdidwegettotheOlympicParkD.howwegottotheOlympicPark考点二宾语从句的引导词(连接词)要点归纳：引导词引导词的作用例句本身无意义，只起连接作用，thatHesaid(that)hissisterwasgoodatcooking.口语中可省略what,which，在从句中作一定的成分，Idon’tknowwhatyouaregoingtodo.who,whose,如主语、宾语、定语等Jerryaskedmewhoseschoolbagitwas.whom等when(表时间)，在从句中作状语CouldyoutellmewhereyouwentlastFriday?where(表地点)，Doyouknowhowwecanfindhisnewhome?why(表原因)，Iwonderwhyhewon’tcomeheretomorrow.how(表方式)等连接副词意为“是否”，不作句子成分，Heaskedmeif/whetherLeowasalawyer.if/whether但不能省略Iwonderwhetherhelikesmathsornot.1、当宾语从句是陈述句时，用that引导。如：EventheteacheragreedthatMartinwas____________histime.甚至老师也认同马丁在浪费时间。引导词that用于下列情况时不可省略：a.当宾语从句的主语是that时。如：Hesaysthatthatisausefulbook.b.当从句前有插入语时。如：Itsays,onacard,thatitismadeinItaly.c.当宾语从句中含有主从复合句时。如：Ourteachersbelievethatifwedidthat,wewouldconcentratemoreonourclothesthanourstudies.我们的老师认为如果我们那样做的话，我们会把更多的精力放在衣服上而不是学习上。d.当两个或多个宾语从句由并列连词连接时，除第一个从句中的that可以省略外，其余从句中的that都不可以省略。如：Hesaid(that)thefilmwasveryinterestingandthatheenjoyedseeingitverymuch.他说这部电影非常有趣，并且他非常喜欢看。2、含疑问语气的句子构成宾语从句时用whether或if连接，句尾的标点符号取决于主句。如：DoyoulikewatchingTV?Heaskedme.→Heaskedmeif/whether______________watchingTV.Idon’t_________ifit’ssomethingIdon’tneed.我不介意它是否是我不需要的东西。何时只用whether而不用if？a.直接与ornot连用时，用whether，不用if。例如：Ididn’tsaywhetherornothe’llbe_____________________.我没说她是否呆在家里。Canyoutellmewhetherthetrainhasleftornot?你能否告诉我火车是不是已经开了?b.所引导的从句作介词宾语时，用whether，不用if。例如：IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeelings.我担心是否伤了她的感情。Ihaven’tsettledthequestionofwhetherI’ll__________________.我是否回家还没定。c.引导宾语从句，从句置于句首表示强调时，用whether，不用if。例如：Whetherthisistrue(ornot),Ican’ttell.这是不是真的，我不能_________。Whetheritisadefectornot，Idon’tquiteknow.这是不是个错误，我不知道。d.和动词不定式连用时，用whether，不用if。例如：Idon’tknowwhetherto__________or__________.我不知道是接受还是拒绝。Idon’tknowwhethertoseemydoctortoday.我不知道今天是否去看医生。e.在容易造成歧义的情况下，如表达“是否”的意思时，最好用whether，避免用if。如：Letmeknowwhetheryouarecoming.你来还是不来，通知我一声。如用if，则有两层意思。如：Letmeknowifyouarecoming.可理解为：你来还是不来，通知我一声。也可理解为：你如果来的话，通知我一声。前者是宾语从句，后者则是条件状语从句。f.在discuss后面只能跟whether引导的宾语从句。如：Wediscussedwhetherweshouldclosetheshop.我们讨论了是否该关闭商店。注：doubt用于肯定句时，可用whether或if引导的宾语从句，在否定句或疑问句中则跟that引导的宾语从句。如：Idoubtwhether/ifhewillcome.我怀疑他________________。Idon’tdoubtthat____________________.我不怀疑你是诚实的。Doyoudoubtthathewillwinthematch?你怀疑他能赢得比赛吗？☆宾语从句如果是否定句，一般用if，因为whether引导的宾语从句通常是肯定的。如：Idon’tcareifshedoesn’tcome.我不在乎他是否来。3、连接代词what，who，whom，whose，which引导宾语从句时，连接代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等，不能省略。如：a.Sheknew__________washappeningbecauseshelearntaboutunderwaterearthquakesatschoolonlyafewweeksearlier.她知道发生了什么，因为几周前她在学校学习了水下地震方面的知识。b.Shedoesn’tknow_________thispencilbelongsto.她不知道这个铅笔是谁的。c.Therearethreekindsofcomputershere;Ican’tdecide__________kindIcanchoose.这里有三种类型的电脑，我难以决定可以挑选哪一种。4、连接副词when，where，how，why等引导宾语从句时，连接副词在从句中作状语，表示时间、地点、方式或原因，不能省略。如：a.Doyouknowwhenbasketball____________________(发明)?b.Pleaseexplain__________youarelateagaintoday.解释一下今天又迟到的原因。c.Canyoutellme______________________________(你每天怎么去上学的)?【小试牛刀】1.IwastoldtomeetMr.Whiteattheairport.ButIdon’tknow____hewillarrive.A.whenB.howC.whereD.why2.Iknow________Ipromisedtotakeyoutodinner,butIwon’tfinishworkinguntilteno’clock.A.thatB.ifC.whatD.why3.—Couldyoutellme_____________?—“Romewasnotbuiltinaday.”Youshouldtrytogiveitenoughchancestobecomestrong.A.whyIshoulddotohaveagoodmemoryB.whatIcandotohaveagoodmemoryC.howcanIhaveagoodmemory考点三否定前移和宾语从句的简化要点归纳：1、否定前移在主从复合句中，当主句的主语为第一人称，谓语动词是think，believe等时，要将从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。如：a.Idon’tthinkIcouldliftit.我想我提不起它。b.Idon’tbelievethathewillcomewithyou.我认为他不会和你一起来。2、宾语从句的简化（1）当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是hope,wish,decide,agree,choose等时，从句可简化为不定式结构。如：IhopethatIcanreceiveyoure-mail.=I_____________________youre-mail.（2）当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是know，remember，forget，learn等时，从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。如：Shedoesn’tknowwhatsheshoulddonext.=Shedoesn’tknow__________________next.（3）当主句的谓语动词是ask，tell，show，teach等时，且宾语从句的主语和主句的间接宾语一致时，从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。如：WillyoupleaseshowmehowIcanworkitout?=Willyoupleaseshowme______________________?（4）宾语从句可以简化为名词或名词短语。如：Idon’tbelievewhatTomsaid.=Idon’tbelieveTom’swords.我不相信汤姆的所说的话。1.—Idon’tknow________.—Becausehehastolookafterhismother.A.whyheisleavingB.whyisheleavingC.whetherheisleavingD.whetherisheleaving2.Couldyoutellme________agreatactress?A.howZhaoWeihasbecomeB.howdidZhaoWeibecomeC.howbecameZhaoWeiD.howdoesZhaoWeibecome3.Pleasetellme________toimprovemyEnglish.A.whatIcandoB.whatcanIdoC.howIcandoD.howcanIdo4.—Wouldyouliketotellme________?—Sure.Practicemakesperfect.A.howcanIstudyEnglishwellB.whydoIlearnEnglishwellC.howIcanstudyEnglishwellD.whyIlearnEnglishwell5.—Excuseme,couldyoutellmewhere________?—Sure,sir.Youcantrywww.taobao.com.A.canIjoininthegroup-buyingB.didIjoininthegroup-buyingC.Icanjoininthegroup-buyingD.Ijoinedinthegroup-buying6.—Excuseme.Canyoutellme________?—Atabout8o’clock,sir.A.whattimetheplanewillreachBeijingB.whattimewilltheplanearriveinBeijingC.whattimetheplanewillarriveBeijingD.whattimewilltheplanegettoBeijing7.PeopleinYanchengareproudof________theyhaveachievedinthepastthirtyyears.A.howB.whichC.whatD.when8.Hesaid________hewouldcomebackinaweek.A.whenB.whatC.thatD.why9.Doyouknow________Isawyesterday?Itwasmyfavoritestar,Jackie!A.whomB.whenC.whereD.how10.Therearenowordstodescribe________Imissmyhometown.A.howmuchB.howmanyC.howsoonD.howlong课后作业：一、完成句子1.Iwantedtoknow_______________________________(她在和谁交谈)2.Hesaid_______________________________________(他以前见过我)3.I'msorryfor__________________________________(我所做的事)4.Theteacherasked______________________________(谁能回答这个问题)5.Janesaidthat__________________________________(她将乘飞机去那里)6.Iwantedtoknow_______________________________(她是否有一些钱)7.Wehaven'tdecided____________________________(我们下一步该做什么)8.IthinkthatEnglishis___________________________(没有数学难)9.I'mnotsure___________________________________(昨天天气是否晴朗)10.Heaskedme__________________________________(是如何处理这件事的)11.Doyouknow_________________________________(是否要下雨)12.Iwantedtoknow______________________________(她是否来还是不来)二、句型转换。1.“Doyouwanttotryit?”Tom'smotheraskedhim.(同义句)Tom'smotheraskedhim____________________totryit.2.Ithinkthisisagoodidea.（改为否定句）I_______________this________agoodidea.3.Lucyhasn'tdecidedwhichtrouserstobuy.（改为复合句）Lucyhasn'tdecided________________________________buy.4.Idon'tknowhowIcangettothehospital.（改为简单句）Idon'tknow________________________tothehospital.5.Idon’tsupposetheywillcome,_____________?(改为反意疑问句)三、用所给动词的正确形式填空。1.Wearesurethathe________(go)toschooltomorrow.2.Doyouknowwho______(be)thefirstmantowalkonthemoon?3.Couldyoutellmewherethepostoffice______(is)?4.Ourfathersaidthathe_______(will)buyanewcomputer.5.Ihearthathe_______(swim)intheseayesterday.6.Thelittleboytellsuswherehisfather_______(work).7.Hesaidthathe_________(finish)hisworkalready.8.Theythoughttheycould_______(hike)tothetopofthemountain.9.Hewasgladthatsomanypeople_____(help)him.10.Shedoesn’tknowwhether________(go)orwait.六、选择填空。()1.WhatdidMikesay?Hesaid____________________.A.ifyouarefreethenextweekB.whatcolorwasitC.theweatherisfineD.summercomesafterspring()2.Tomaskedmyfriend________________.A.wherewashefromB.thattheearthisbiggerthanthemoonC.whendidhecomebackD.nottobesoangry()3.Letmetellyou__________________.A.howmuchisthecarB.howmuchdoesthecarcostC.howmuchdidIpayforthecarD.howmuchIspentonthecar()4.Peterknew_______________.A.whetherhehasfinishedreadingthebookB.whytheboyhadsomanyquestionsC.therewere12monthsinayearD.whentheywillleaveforParis()5.Couldyoutellme___________?A.wheredoyouliveB.whoyouarewaitingforC.whowereyouwaitingforD.whereyoulivein()6.Ican'tunderstand______theboyalone.A.whysheleftB.whydidsheleaveC.whyshehadleftD.whyhadsheleft()7.Shetoldmethesun______intheeast.A.riseB.roseC.risesD.hadrisen()8.Idon'tknow________upsoearlylastSunday.A.whydidhegetB.whyhegetsC.whydoeshegetD.whyhegot()9.Themanagercameuptosee__________.A.whatwasthematterB.whatthematterwasC.whatthematterisD.what'sthematter()10.Heaskedhisfather_______.A.whereithappensB.wheredidithappenC.howithappenedD.howdidithappen()11.Noonetellsus______,soweneedyourhelp.A.howweshoulddoB.whatshouldwedoC.howtodoitD.whattodoit()12.Couldyoupleaseteachme_______thecomputer.A.howcheckB.tocheckC.howtocheckD.tohowchecking()13.Theydon'tknow_______theirparentsare.AthatBwhatCwhyDwhich()1.Wewanttoknowshewillcomeback.A.thatB.whoC.whenD.where()2.Couldyoutellusfrom?A.whereareyouB.whereyouareC.wherewereyouD.wheredidyoucome()3.Hewasangrythathewentoutoftheschoolquickly.A.soB.veryC.suchD.quite()4.Sheisgirlthateverybodylikesher.A.suchcleverB.socleverC.suchcleveraD.soclevera()5.—Doyouknow?I’mgoingtoseehim.—Sorry.Idon’tknowA.wheredoesMrLiliveB.wheredidMrLiliveC.whereMrLilivesD.whereMrLilived()6.I’dliketoknowA.whenwillhegivebackthetapeB.whetherhasherelievedhighereducationC.thathehasbeenbusyD.whethershewilljoinourEnglishEvening()7.Couldyoutellme?I’mhisoldfriend.A.wheredoesJimleaveB.whenwillJimcomebackC.whereJimhasgoneD.howisJim()8.—Doyouknow?—Theymovedheresoonaftertheirsonwasborn.A.whenwouldtheGreensmovehereB.whentheGreensmovedhereC.theGreenswouldmovehereD.whentheGreenswouldmovehere()9.Youmustremember.A.whatyourteachersaidB.whatdidyourteachersayC.yourteachersaidwhatD.whathasyourteachersaid()10.Thestudentsarestudyinghard,fortheyknow.A.whataretheystudyingforB.whataretheystudyingC.whattheyarestudyingforD.whytheyarestudyingfor()11.Couldyoutellme?A.whenshallwestartB.whoareyouwaitingforC.wherethebusstationisD.whywereyoulate()12.—Doyouknow?—He’sTom’sfather.A.whoisheB.whatheisC.what’sheD.whoheis()13.—WecanuseMSNtotalkwitheachotherontheInternet.—Really?Willyoupleaseshowmeit?A.whattouseB.howtouseC.howcanIuseD.wherecanIuse()14.—Canyoutellmewhy?—BecauseIwanttohelpthepeoplethere.A.doyougotoTibetB.didyougotoTibetC.areyougoingtoTibetD.youaregoingtoTibet()15.Idon’tknowhestillliveshere.A.whereB.whatC.whenD.whether()16.Helearnedthatthesunalsofast.A.movedB.movingC.movesD.wasmoving()17.MothertoldmethatIbackontime.A.tobesureof,wouldcomeB.tomakesure,willcomeC.tobesure,willcomeD.tomakesure,wouldcome()18.Pleasetellmewhenyoutomorrow.IwillmeetyouatthestationwhenyouA.come,comeB.willcome,willcomeC.willcome,comeD.come,willcome()19.Hetoldusthattheearthround.A.wasB.isC.beD.hasbeen()20.Theteachertoldusthatweafootballmatchtomorrowafternoon.A.haveB.hadC.willhaveD.wouldhave()21.HetoldmethathetoJinanlastmonth.A.goB.wentC.hasgoneD.goes()22.Idon’tknowmuchaboutcomputer,.A.tooB.eitherC.neitherD.also()23.TheYellowRiveristhesecondriverinChina.A.longB.longerC.longestD.mostlong()24.Pleasetellmeshewillcomeornot.A.whetherB.ifC.thatD.why()25.Wearenotsure.A.whenyouwillflytoSydneyB.whenwillyouflytoSydneyC.whenflytoSydneyD.whentoSydneytofly()26.Nooneknowsnext.A.howtodoB.whattodoC.whentodoD.whytodo()27.—Shallwegoscubadivingwithsomeotherboysthisafternoon?—A.Thatsoundsreallycool.B.Whatapity!C.I’msorryforthat.D.Itdoesn’tmatter.()28.—Ihearmosthotelsareveryfullthesedays.—Don’tworry.I’vearoominafive-starhotel.A.boughtB.bookedC.paidD.kept()29.itis!A.WhatimportantinformationB.HowimportantinformationC.WhatanimportantinformationD.Howanimportantinformation()30.Oh,Iyouhere.A.don’tknow;areB.didn’tknow;wereC.didn’tknow;areD.don’tknow;were二、按括号内的要求改写句子1.Wewillvisitthefactory.Ourteachertoldus.(改为宾语从句)Ourteachertoldusthatwetheshoefactory.2.Willshecatchtheearlybus?Sheisafraid.(合并为一句)Sheisafraidshecatchtheearlybus.3.Ithoughtthattheearthisround.(改为否定句)Ithinkthattheearthround.4.Ifyoustopblowing,soonyouwillfindtheglassclearagain.(改为同义句)Nowstopblowing,soonyouwillfindtheglassclearagain.5.“Myownteamisevenbetter.”LinTaosaid(改为宾语从句)LinTaosaidhisownteamevenbetter.6.Hesaysthathewon’tbefreetomorrow.(改为一般疑问句)hethathefreeuntiltomorrow?7.Doeshelikereading?Didyouknow?(改为宾语从句)Didyouknowhereading?8.Hurryup,orwe’llbelate.(改为同义句)we,we’llbelate.9.Allarehere,butJimisn’there.(改为同义句)ishereJim.10.Theteachersaidtome,“Speakmoreslowly.”(改为同义句)Theteachertoldmemoreslowly.11.HasLucycomeback?Doyouknow?(改为宾语从句)DoyouknowLucycomeback?12.Howevercolditis,shealwaysgoesforawalk.(改为同义句)itis,shealwaysgoesforawalk.13.Ihavehadthisradioforthreeyears.(改为同义句)threeyearsIthisradio.14.Whendoeshegetup?Doyouknow?(改为宾语从句)Doyouknow?15.Howwilltheygohiking?Iwantedtoknow.(改为宾语从句)Iwantedtoknowgohiking.16.Where’sthenearestpostoffice?Couldyoutellme?(同上)Couldyoutellme?17.Couldyoutellme(我们打算去哪里度假？)（补全句子）18.Couldyoutellus(我们打算离开多久？)（同上）19.Couldyoutellmethewaytothehospital?(改为同义句)Couldyoutellmegettothehospital?