定语从句复习讲义-高考英语复习

定语从句定语从句在复合句中作定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名次或代词即现行词。定语从句通常出现在现行词之后，由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。关系代词有：which、lhat、who、whom、whose关系副词有：when、where>why定语从句的引导词既起引导从句的作用，同时又担任从句的主语、宾语、定语(whose)、和状语，在限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词可以省略，在非限制性定从中不可省。一、由whichsthat引导的定从，在从句中作主语、宾语，指物Thebuildingwhich/thatstandsneartheriverisourschool.Ilostthebook(which/that)yougaveme.二、由who、whom、that、whose在从句中主语、宾语、定语Thisisthemanwho/thathelpedme.Idon'tknowtheman(who/whom/that)youtalkedwith.Nobodywantsthehouse「whoseroofhasfallenin.theroofofwhichhasfallenin.Iofwhichtheroofhasfallenin.三、使用关系副词应注意下向几点：1.关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词+which结构：when=on(in,at,during...)+whichwhere=in(at,on...)+whichwhy=forwhichIwasinBeijingonthedaywhen(=onwhich)hearrived.Theofficewhere(=inwhich)heworksisonthethirdfloor.Thisisthechiefreasonwhy(=fbrwhich)wedidit.2.当先行词是 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 时间和表地点的词时，一定要注意分析从句的结构，如果缺少主语或宾语时，关系词应该用which或that;缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用when或where,rilneverforgetthedaywhenmyhometownwasliberated.rilneverforgetthedayswhich/thatwespenttogetherlastsummer.Hisfatherworksinafactorywhereradiopartsaremade.Hisfatherworksinafactorywhich/[hatmakesradioparts.3.when和where既可以引导限制性定语从句,也可以引导非限制性定语从句。而why只能引导限制性定语从句。四、只用that的情形先行词是不定代词all,(a)litlle,few.much,none,everything,something,anything,nothing,等All(hatcanbedonehasbeendone.InthisfactoryIsawlittle/muchthatwasdifferentfromours.1.先行词被all,any»no,much,little,few,every等限定词所修饰时。Wcheardclearlyeverywordthathesaid先行词被形容词的最高级修饰时Thisisthebestfilm(that)Ihaveeverseen.2.先行词被序数词修饰时ThefirstEnglishnovel(that)IreadwasATaleofTwoCities.This(rainisthelastthatwillgo(oSuzhou.3.先行词被(heonly,thevery修饰时Theonlythingthatwecandoistogiveyousomemoney.Thisistheverybook(that)I'vebeenlookingfbr.4.先行词既有人又有物时Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyarctalkingabout?5.当特殊疑问词由who或which引导时，为避免重复，常用that代替who或whichWhoisthemanthatisstandingbythedoor?Whichis(hedictionary(lhal)youboughtyesterday?6.当先行词在主句中做表语，而关系代词也在从句中作表语Shanghaiisnolongerthecitythatitusedtobe..五、"介词+which/whom”引导的定语从句当介词放在关系代词的前面时，介词宾语只用which或whom,关系代词不能省略ThisisthehouseinwhichShakespeareusedtolive.Inthedarkstreet,therewasirlsinglepersontowhnmshecouldturntbrhelp.RecentlyIboughtanancientvase,the-riceofwhichwasveryreasonable.1.“复合介词短语+关系代词which”引导的定语从句，这种结构常与先行词用逗号分开,定语从句常用倒装语序Helivedinabighouse,infrontofwhichistoodabigtalltree.2.介词+which/whom+不定式结构inwhichtolive.inwhichhecanlive.tolivein.,takecareof...)，介词不可以提前ThisisthepenwhichI'mlookingfor.六、关系代词as,which引导定宙从句时的区别As与which都可以代指主句中的一部分或整个句子，有时可以互换，但是，当非限制性定语从句放在主句前面时，只能用as,不能用which。Asisknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.=Itisknowntoeverybodythatthemoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.=Whatisknowntoeverybodyisthatthemoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.1.当as在从句中作主语时，后面常接动词的被动语态。如：beknown,besaid,bereported,beannounced等。如从句中行为动词是主动语态，…般用which作主语。Shehasbeenabsentagain,asisexpected.Tomhasmaderapidprogress,whichmakesmeveryhappy.2.as常用在as(it)seemslikely,as(it}oftenhappens,as(it)waspointedout,as(it)wassaidearlier,asIremember(it),asIunderstand(it),as(it)appears等结丰勾中。Jackhaswonthefirstprize,asitoftenhappen.(像往常•样)Asispointedout,thisisgrammarproblem.3.当非限制性定语从句的谓语是一个复合结构时，只能用whichBettyalwaystellsalie,whichherparentsfindstrange.七、定语从句中的谓语动词与先行词保持一致oneof+复数名词+关系代词+复数动词TheGreatWallisoneoftheworld-famousbuildingsthathavedrawlotsofvisitors.1.the(only)oneof+复数名词+关系代词+单数动词TheGreatWallistheonly(one)ofthebuildingsontheearththatisseenfromthemoon.注意:nottheonlyoneof...=onlyoneof...Tomisn'ttheonlyoneoftheboyswhohavepassedtheexam.2.as/which引导非限制性定从，修饰*标)容时，目.作主语，从句的谓语动词用单数GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChina,asjsknowntoall.Hehaspassedthecollageentranceexamination,whichmakeshisparentsquitehappy.八、几种较为复杂的定语认句1.way后面的定.语从句Theway[hat/which/Xheexplainedtouswasquitesimple.Thewaythat/inwhich/Xheexplainedthesentencetouswasnotdifficulttounderstand.1.time若表示"次数”用that,若表示“一段时间”用when或at/during+whichThisisthesecondtimethatthePresidenthasvisitedthecountry.Thiswasatatimewhen/duringwhichtherewerenoradios,notelephonesornoTVsets.3.j^uch+名词+as...像...一样的，像...之类\thesame+名词+as...和...同样的Heissuchacleverboyaseveryonelikes.(定从)Heissuchacleverboythateveryonelikeshim.(结果状从)但先行词被thesame修饰时，that也可引导定从，但意义有所不同。Thisisthesamewatchas_Ilost.(指同样或同类的)ThisisthesamewatchthatIlost.（指同一个）