高中英语上海高考语法专题：定语从句

学习目标掌握定语从句的概念和运用课前一测：()1.Hedidn’ttellmetheplace_______hewasborn.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where()2.Thisisthemostbeautifulcity______I’veevervisited.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where()3.Doyoustillrememberthechickenfarm____wevisitedthreemonthsago?A.whereBwhenCthatDwhat()4.Lookout!Don’tgettooclosetothehouse______roofisunderrepair.AwhoseBwhichCofwhichDthat()5.Thehotel__________duringourholidaysstandsbytheseaside.A.westayedatB.wherewestayedatC.westayedD.whichwestayedKey:DACAA知识精讲：知识点一【知识梳理】知识点1：定语从句的定义在句中作定语的句子，它修饰一个名词或代词，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句。这个被修饰的名词、代词叫做先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或1关系副词）引出。知识点二【知识梳理】知识点2：定语从句的结构1）被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词或关系副词。限制性关系分句和它的先行项的所指意义有着不可分割的联系2）关系代词或关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，关系代词或关系副词在定语从句中要充当一个成分。关系代词在句中可作主语、宾语或定语，关系副词在句中作状语。如：Iamwaitingfortheboywho/thatiswearingaredcoat.（主语）先行词关系代词我正在等穿着红色外套的那个男孩。Thedictionarythat/whichmysistergavemelastSundayisveryexpensive.（宾语）先行词关系代词我姐姐上周星期天给我的那本字典很贵。ThewomanishismotherwhosenameisLindaBrown.（定语）先行词关系代词那个是他的母亲，名叫琳达·布朗。Thatisthehousewheremyfatherusedtolive.（状语）先行词关系副词2那是我父亲曾经居住过的房子。注意：关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等，绝对没有“what”；关系副词有where,when,why等。（1）关系词常有3个作用：①连接作用，引导定语从句。②代替先行词。③在定语从句中担当一个成分。关系代词在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语；关系副词充当状语。（2）先行词与关系词是等量关系。必须注意两点：①先行词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。Thisistheplacewhichisworthvisiting.②关系词在从句句子中充当了成分，其意思就是先行词的意义，所以在从句中不能重复其意。Therearemanyplaceswecanvisit（them）inChina.知识点三【知识梳理】知识点3：用法详解1．who,whom,that这些词代替指人，who可作主语或者宾语指人；“whom”指作宾语指人（介词后只能用whom不能用who）；“that”既可作主语又可作宾语（作宾语可以省略），可以指人也可以指3物。例如：（1）Ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou?（who/that在从句中作主语，不可省）（2）Heisthemanwhom/who/thatItalkedwithyesterday.（whom/who/that在从句中作介词with的宾语，可省）（3）ThemantowhomyouspokejustnowisourEnglishteacher.(whom在从句中作介词to的宾语，to提前则不能用who或that)2.which用来指物(用作主语、宾语，作宾语时可以省略），例如：（1）Isawthecatthat\whichhaswhitehair.（which/that在从句中作主语,不可省）（2）Ilikethebookswhich\thatyoulenttomeyesterday.（which/that在从句中作宾语，可省）3．whose 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 示谁（可以为人也可以为物）的（东西）,只作定语。注意：whose=the+n+ofwhich\whom例：Achildwhoseparentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.=Achildtheparentsofwhomaredeadiscalledanorphan.双亲都死了的孩子叫做孤儿。（“whose”表示那个孩子的双亲）Helivesinaroomwhosewindowfacessouth.4=Helivesinaroomthewindowofwhichfacessouth.他住的那个房子的窗户是朝南的。（“whose”表示那个房子的窗户）注意：that\which\whom在从句中作宾语可省；但如果充当介词宾语并且介词提前，则不能用that,只能用whom或者which，并且不可省。e.g.Thisisthebook(that\which)youarelookingfor.=Thisisthebookforwhichyouarelooking.4.关系副词when与where、why(1)when指时间=in/at/on/duringwhiche.g.IstillrememberthedaywhenIcametothiscity.=IstillrememberthedayonwhichIcametothiscity.(2)where指地点=in/at/fromwhiche.g.ThisisthevillagewhereIlive.=ThisisthevillageinwhichIlive.\ThisisthevillageinwhichIlive.(3)why指原因=forwhiche.g.ThisisthereasonwhyIamlateforschool.=ThisisthereasonforwhichIamlateforschool.扩展：当先行词为way（方式状语），连接词可用that、inwhich或者不用。Idon’tlikethewaythat/inwhich/×hetalks.当time作先行词时，关系词可以省掉。5Thisisthefirsttime（that）IhavegivenyoualessoninFrench.【例题精讲】题型1：关系代词例1：()Women_______drinkmorethantwocupsofcoffeeadayhaveagreaterchanceofhavingheartdiseasethanthose________don’t.A.who;不填B.不填;whoC.who;whoD.不填;不填解析：先行词Women在句中作主语，而且those后面的关系代词也是做主语，应选【C】例2：()Wesawseveralnativesadvancingtowardsourparty,andoneofthemcameuptous________wegavesomebellsandglasses.A.towhichB.towhomC.withwhomD.withwhich解析：按题意先行词them在句中作givesthtosb结构作介词的宾语,应选【B】。例3：()Isawawomanrunningtowardsmeinthedark.BeforeIcouldrecognizewhoshewas,shehadrunbackinthedirection______shehadcome.A.ofwhichB.bywhichC.inwhichD.fromwhich解析:按题意先行词thedirection用在come(from)后构成(from)thedirection在句中作方式状语，应填fromwhich。【D】例4：(The)man________coatisblackiswaitingatthegate.A.who'sB.whoseC.thatD.ofwhich解析:穿黑色外套的那个男人正在门口等，按照题意，应该选的关系词可以表达“他的”外套，故选【B】6知识点2：关系副词例1：()Thisisthehouse______IwasbornA.whichB.whenC.thatD.where解析:先行词thebouse不能做从句动词born的宾语，所以排除A、C。又根据句意可知为“这是我出生的房子”，所以选地点副词where,排除时间状语when.故选D。例2：()Istillremembertheday_______Ifirstmethim.A.thatB.whenC.whichD.where解析：答案为B。因为宾语从句句子成分不缺乏，可排除A，C，引导词为关系副词做状语，又因为先行词是theday，指时间，故选B。例3：()Thereason________I’mcallingyouistoinviteyoutoaparty.A.whyB.thatC.forthatD.which解析：答案为A。Thereasonwhy…isto/isthat….已成为一种固定句型.先行词用thereason，只能用why引导。【课堂练习】()1.Don’ttalkaboutsuchthingsof__________youarenotsure.A.whichB.whatC.asD.those()2.Isthisthefactory__________youvisitedtheotherday?A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.theone()3.Isthisfactory__________someforeignfriendsvisitedlastFriday?A.thatB.whereC.whichD.theone7()4.Isthisthefactory__________heworkedtenyearsago?A.thatB.whereC.whichD.theone()5.Thewolveshidthemselvesintheplaces__________couldn’tbefound.A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.inthat()6.Thefreezingpointisthetemperature__________waterchangesintoice.A.atwhichB.onthatC.inwhichD.ofwhat()7.Thisbookwillshowyou__________canbeusedinothercontexts.A.howyouhaveobservedB.whatyouhaveobservedC.thatyouhaveobservedD.howthatyouhaveobserved()8.Thereasonis__________heisunabletooperatethemachine.A.becauseB.whyC.thatD.whether()9.I’lltellyou__________hetoldmelastweek.A.allwhichB.thatC.allthatD.which()10.Thattree,__________branchesarealmostbare,isveryold.A.whoseB.ofwhichC.inwhichD.onwhichKeys：1-5AADBA6-10ABCCA专题精讲知识点1：关系代词和关系副词的区分应用先行词是时间或地点时，如果该先行词做了定语从句的主语或宾语时，关系代词用that或which.如果该先行词不作定语从句的主语或宾语时，关系代词用when/where.8例题1：()Icanneverforgettheday_______weworkedtogetherandtheday______wespenttogether.A.when;whichB.which;whenC.what;thatD.onwhich;when解析:【A】两个先行词theday都是表示时间的名词,但第一个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作状语,因此要用关系副词when.第二个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作动词spent的宾语,因此要用关系代词which或that来引导定语从句.例题2：()-Mom,whatdidyourdoctorsay?-Headvisedmetolive______theairisfresher.A.inwhereB.inwhichC.theplacewhereD.where解析:【D】先行词在句中无法找到,故该句型不属定语从句,应为地点状语从句。本题考察了定语从句与地点状语从句的区别。二、专题过关检测题1：关系词填空。1.Theskirt________ismadeofsilkisveryexpensive.Ican’taffordit.2.Twoyearshaspassed,butChinesepeoplestillrememberthoseexcitingdays________theyspentduringtheBeijing2008OlympicGames.3.Theyrushedovertohelptheman__________carhadbrokendown.4.Ihavetoldyoueverything___________Iknowaboutit.95.Pleasepassmethebook_________coverisgreen.6.-DoyouknowYaoMing?-Yes.He’sabasketballplayer________isveryfamousintheworld.7.Thereason_________Iamlateisthatthetrafficisterrible.8.Thefarm_________myparentsworkisverybig.9.Thefactory_________MrWangownslocatesintheeastofthecity.10.Doyouremembertheday_________youmetJackinthestreet?Keys:which\that;which\that\不填;whose;that;whose;who;why;where;that\which\不填;when检测题2：()1.Theman____wasafriendofmine.A.thatyoujusttalkedtoB.whomyoujusttalkedtohimC.whoyoujusttalkedtohimD.whichyoujusttalkedto()2.Thisisthebestfilm____hasbeenshownthisyear.A.whoB.thatC.whichD.when()3.Finally,thethiefhandedeverything____hehadstolentothepolice.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.inwhere()4.Mr.Litoldusthenovelsandwriters____interestedhimA.whatB.whoC.thatD.which()5.Myfatherstillrememberstheday___hejoinedthearmy.10A.whenB.whichC.towhichD.fromwhich()6.I’llneverforgetthesummerholidays____weplaytogether.A.whenB.inwhichC.whichD.how()7.Thisistheplace_____Ihaveevervisited.A.thereB.whenC.whereD.which()8.Theletter_______Ireceivedfromhimyesterdayisveryimportant.A.whoB.whereC.whatD.that()9.Ihatepeople_______talkmuchbutdolittle.A.whoseB.whomC.whichD.who()10.—Whoistheman_______wastalkingtoourEnglishteacher?—Oh!It’sMr.Baker,ourmathsteacher.A.heB.thatC.whomD.whichKeys：1-5ABCCA6-10ADDDB当堂一测：()1.Iknowthemanwith_____youaretalkingonthephone.A.whoB.whichC.thatD.whom()2.GeorgeMallorywasanEnglishschoolteacher_______lovedclimbing.A.whoB.whomC.heD.which()3.—Doestheteacherknoweverybody_______plantedthetrees?11—Yes,hedoes.A.whichB.whoseC.whereD.who()4.Nobodyknowsthereason______shedidn’tcometothemeeting.A.thatB.whichC.whyD.when()5.Themoonisaworld___thereisnolife.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.why()6.Hehasforgottentheday___hearrived.A.onwhenB.whereC.thatD.onwhich()7.Hestillremembersthedays______hestayedwithyourfamily.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.which()8.Mr.White,______carhadbeenstolen,cametothepoliceman.A.whoB.thatC.whoseD.which()9.Hegottothevillagein_______hisfamilyoncelivedbeforeliberation.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where()10.Thisisthehouse______Iwanttobuy.A.inwhichB.thatC.whoseD.where()11.Hedidn’ttellmetheplace_______hewasborn.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where()12.Thisisthemostbeautifulcity______I’veevervisited.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where()13.Doyoustillrememberthechickenfarm____wevisitedthreemonthsago?12A.whereBwhenCthatDwhat()14.Lookout!Don’tgettooclosetothe______roofhouseisunderrepair.AwhoseBwhichCofwhichDthat()15.Thehotel__________duringourholidaysstandsbytheseaside.B.westayedatB.wherewestayedatC.westayedD.whichwestayedKeys:1-5DADCC6-10DACBB11-15DACAA复习精要：定语从句的概念先行词与关联词的关系关系代词：that,which,who,whom,whose关系副词：when,where,why课后巩固：作业1：完形填空。Sheepdogsareveryimportanttofarmers.Sheepdogshelpfarmerstofindtheirlandbringthembacktothefarm.Mike,afarmerfroma2,hasaverycleverandhonestsheepdog3Bobby.Hehasbuiltalittlebut4houseforBobbyandheregardsthedog5afamilymember.Heoftensays,"Bobbyisthebestdogintheworld.Heworkshardand__6mysheepverywell.”Ifthedoghouseis7,MikeknowsBobbymustbewithhissheep.Mike8withBobbythroughwhistles（口哨）．Bobbycanunderstandmanydifferentinstructionsfromthose9.AndBobbycanalso10himselfbybarkingordoingotheractions.13MikelovesBobbyverymuch.Theyaregettingonwellwitheachother.()1.A.villagersB.dogsC.farmersD.sheep()2.A.villageB.cityC.parkD.bank()3.A.agedB.dressedC.calledD.included()4.A.comfortableB.expensiveC.dangerousD.terrible()5.A.byB.onC.ofD.as()6.A.looksoutB.looksafterC.takesbackD.takesaway()7.A.fullB.cleanC.emptyD.dirty()8.A.communicatesB.comparesC.catchesD.checks()9.A.noisesB.talksC.whistlesD.conversations()10.A.explainB.expressC.examineD.excuse【解析】1.D因为是sheepdogs，所以判断“牧羊犬帮助牧民找到他们的羊”。2.A救民farmer生活在村子里。3.C“叫做Bobby的教羊犬”，“called”表示“被叫做”。4.A根据句意知道“小屋虽然小但是很舒服”.5.D考查短语“regard...as”，“把……看做”。6.B救羊犬保护羊。lookout小心；lookafter照顾；takeback带回来；takeaway带走。7.Cempty空的，说明Bobby不在，去看护羊群了。8.AMike通过口哨和牧羊犬交流。149.C上文有提示，Bobby懂得不同口哨的含义。10.BBobby也能通过叫声和动作来袤达自己的意思。作业2：()1.AfterlivinginBeijingforfiftyyearsshereturnedtothevillage___shegrewup.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when()2.Inthenewcitytherewasn’tasingleperson____thepoorboycouldturnforhelp.A.thatB.whoC.fromwhomD.towhom()3.Wevisitedafactory____makesbikesforchildren.A.whereB.whichC.inwhichD.atwhich()4.Hisparentswouldn’tlethimmarryanyonethefamily______waspoor.A.ofwhomB.whomC.whoseD.that()5.Achild___parentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.A.whoB.hisC.whoseD.ofwhomKeys：1-5BDBAC预习思考1516