非谓语动词

分词现在分词过去分词V-ing(doing)V-ed(done)现在分词的时态和语态一般式完成式主动语态被动语态doinghavingdonebeingdonehavingbeendone现在分词的否定式:notdoing1.作状语2.作定语3.作表语4.作补语现在分词1.作状语2.作定语3.作表语4.作补语过去分词分词做状语Whentheyheardthenews,theygotexcited.Hearingthenews,theygotexcited.(时间)Havingvisitedthecitymanytimes,heofferedtobeourguide.(原因)Becausehehadvisitedthecitymanytimes,heofferedtobeourguide.分词做状语Ifweweregivenmoretime,wewouldbeabletodotheworkbetter.Givenmoretime,wewouldbeabletodotheworkbetter.(条件)Havingbeenbittenbyasnake,shewasfrightenedatit.(原因)Becauseshehadbeenbittenbyasnake,shewasfrightenedatit.Beingdonedoinghavingdonebeingdonehavingbeendone形式意义该动词与句子主语为主动关系；该动词所表达的动作与句中谓语动词所表达的动作同时发生。该动词与句子主语为主动关系；该动词所表达的动作先于句中谓语动词所表达的动作。done该动词与句子主语为被动关系。该动词与句子主语为被动关系；该动词所表达的动作与句中谓语动词所表达的动作同时发生,通常用作原因状语。该动词与句子主语为被动关系；该动词所表达的动作先于句中谓语动词所表达的动作。分词做状语1.____fromspace,theearthlooksblue.2.____fromspace,wecanseetheearthisblue.A.SeenB.SeeingC.HavingseenD.SeeAB3.______fortwohours,hewentaway.A.waitingB.towaitC.waitedD.HavingwaitedD分词做状语5.___manytimes,hestillcouldn’tunderstandit.6.___manytimes,buthestillcouldn’tunderstandit.A.Havingbeentold.B.ToldC.HewastoldD.ThoughhehadbeentoldAC4.Returninghome,____.mywatchwasmissingB.mywatchwasgoneC.mywatchwaslostD.IfoundmywatchmissingD有些分词短语,其形式的选择不受上下文的影响,称作独立成分。常见的有：Generallyspeaking…一般说来Franklyspeaking…坦白地说Judgingfrom…根据……来判断Considering…考虑到……Totellyouthetruth…说实话Comparedto/with…和……相比分词做状语2.____thathewasill,hisworkshouldbedonebyothers.A.ConsideredB.ToconsiderC.ConsideringD.Consider1.____fromhisappearance,heisverystrong.A.JudgingB.BeingjudgedC.TojudgeD.JudgeAC分词做状语fallingleaves正在下落的树叶fallenleaves已经落下的树叶boilingwater沸腾的水boiledwater烧开过的水developingcountries发展中国家developedcountries发达国家分词做定语表所修饰词的性质、特征和状态。Thegirlletoutafrightenedcryatthesightofthesnake.(Thegirlwasfrightened.)看到蛇,女孩尖叫起来。Hisfrighteningshoutscaredtheboys.(Theshoutwasfrighteningandtheboysfeltfrightened.)他大吼一声把那帮男孩给吓跑了。Thehousesbeingbuiltarefortheteachers.(Thehousesisbeingbuilt.)Thehousesbuiltin2000arefortheteachers.(Thehouseshavealreadybeenbuilt.)Theworkersbuildingthehousesarefromcountries.(Theworkersarebuildingthehouses.)分词做定语表动作已经完成;与所修饰的名词是被动关系表动作正在进行;与所修饰的名词是被动关系表动作正在进行;与所修饰的名词是主动关系doingbeingdonedone形式意义Thenewsis__________.(令人鼓舞)Heis_________.(感到惊讶)inspiringsurprised分词做表语anexcitingvoice令人兴奋的声音anexcitedvoice兴奋的声音apuzzlinglook令人迷惑不解的表情apuzzledlook困惑的表情作表语时或定语时,-ingform表示“令人……”,pp表示“感到……”,常见的有下列动词:move,surprise,astonish,delight,comfort,disappoint,puzzle,frighten分词做宾语补语5看(lookat,see,watch,notice,observe);3使(make,let,have);2听(listento,hear);1感觉(feel)。以上动词和find,keep,have等词可用现在分词作宾语补足语,除let,make外。(5+3+2+1-2+3):也可以用过去分词作宾语补足语。如：Ifoundhimcookingsupper.IfoundsuppercookedwhenIgothome.“吾看三室两厅一感觉”Summary意义现在分词过去分词充当的成分表语定语状语宾语补足语与句中主语是主动关系与句中主语是被动关系与所修饰的名词是主动关系与所修饰的名词是被动关系与所修饰的宾语是主动关系与所修饰的宾语是被动关系与句中主语是主动关系与句中主语是被动关系1.Thestudentswentoutoftheclassroom,_______________________.(说说笑笑)(talkandlaugh)2.Heenteredtheroom,___________________________.(后面跟着女朋友)(follow)3.Wesawtheteacher___________________.(做实验)(do)4.I’veneverheardthesong___________________.(用英语唱)(sing)talkingandlaughingdoingtheexperimentsunginEnglishfollowedbyhisgirlfriend