丹尼尔笛福英文简介

精品文档，仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除【精品文档】第PAGE页丹尼尔笛福英文简介导读：本文是关于丹尼尔笛福英文简介，希望能帮助到您！　　丹尼尔·笛福简介　　DanielDefoe(1660~1731),Britishwriter.BritishEnlightenmenterarealismrichnovelsfounder,knownasthe"fatherofthenovel","thefatherofBritishnovels"and"thefatheroftheBritishnewspaper"andsoon.Hisworksarereadable.BelieveinprotestantWilliamIII.Hisrepresentative"RobinsonCrusoe",optimisticandbraveRobinsonthroughtheefforts,byvirtueofwisdomandcouragetoovercomethedifficulties,theperformanceofthepursuitofadventure,advocatepersonalstruggleofthesocialatmosphere.　　丹尼尔·笛福人物生平　　DanielDefoe(1660~1731),Britishnovelist,founderoftheBritishEnlightenmenteraofrealismnovels,knownasthe"fatherofEuropeannovels."WasbornintheBritishcapitalofLondon,fathercampslaughteringindustry(onethatisoilcandlebusiness),soinsteadchosetodobusiness.Hetravelextensively,operatingunderwearintheearlyyears,tobaccoandalcohol,woolfabric,brickindustry,wenttothemainlandbusiness.　　In1684,Defoemarriedadaughterofawinebusiness,gotthewoman'shomeworth3700poundsofdowry.Hestrokeshisbrotherandbrotherandbrotherasapartnertostartasmalldepartmentstoretrading.Inaddition,itisstilldoingbusinessinEurope,oftenmakingwinetradetoincreaserevenue.However,hefollowedthepuritanprincipleinthe"drunken"business,againstthesaleofginandtheusualspirits.　　In1685DefoeattendedtherebellionoftheDukeofMonmouthagainsttheCatholickings.　　In1688theDutchbelieveinprotestantWilliamledhisarmytolandinEngland,inheritedtheBritishthrone,Defoeparticipatedinhisarmy.　　In1692hewasbankrupt,debtamountedto17,000pounds,andlaterfailed,andthushadtouseavarietyofwaystomakealiving.Hehasactedasasecretintelligenceofficerofthegovernment,designedvariousdevelopmentundertakings,andengagedinwriting.　　In1698hepublished"onthedevelopment",topromotehighwayconstruction,bank,bankruptcylaw,setupcrazyhomes,dowaterandfireinsurance,levyincometax,schoolandsoon.　　In1701hepublishedasatiricalpoem"realBritish",thatthereisnopurebredBritish,againstthearistocraticCatholicforces,fortheforeignfaithinprotestantWilliamIIIdefense.Thissongisprintedwithversion9.　　1702issuedapoliticaltheory"toeliminatethedifferentsectsoftheshortcut",withirony,againstthenationalreligionoppressionofdifferentsects,cleverwriting,begantobeseenisagainstChristians,afterbeingfound,bythefineandjailpunishment,imprisonment6Month,flogthreetimes,butbythepeopleofLondonasahero.IntheprisonheimitatedtheGreekpoetpinarross'ssongtowritea"lie"(1703),satiricallawunfairly.　　In1704,DanielDefoewonthe"Review"magazineforWhig'spartyleaderHarry,whichwassupportedbyHarry'sEngland-Scottishcoalitionpolicy.After11yearshehasbeenbetweenEnglandandScotland,asHarryandhissuccessorTolipieGordorfensecretintelligenceofficer,tocollectpublicopinion.Duringthisperiod,hewroteashorttermimprisonment,butneverterminatedfortheWhigpartyinpowertocollectintelligence,newspaper,writearticles.　　Defoebeganwritingnovelsattheageof59.In1719thefirstnovel,"RobinsonCrusoe"published,popular,hesucceededinshapingtheimageofanidealizedbourgeois,inthehistoryofEuropeannovelsisapioneeringwork.Thesameyearandpublishedasequel.　　1720andwrote"Robinson'spensiveset."Sincethen,hehaswrittenseveralnovels:"CaptainSingleton""MooreFlanders""ColonelJack"andsoon.Inaddition,healsowroteanumberofbiographies,suchas"deafmanCampbell","peterEmperorJi",severaldomesticandforeigntravel,suchas"NewGlobalTravel""RobertsCaptainfourtravel"andsoon.Hisnovelto"RobinsonCrusoe"spreadthemostwidely,isconsideredhismasterpiece.　　ItissaidthatFlutehasbeenassociatedwith26magazines,somepeoplecallhim"thefatherofmodernnewsreports."Hisworks,includingalargenumberofpoliticalbooks,atotalof250species,andbotharetheneedtodevelopthedevelopmentofthebourgeoisie,writethecitymiddleclassinterestedandconcernedabouttheissue.(1722),writtenin1665Londonplague,theoccurrenceoftheplague,thespreadoftheplague,theplagueoftheplague,theplagueoftheplague,Itcausedterrorandpanic,aswellasthenumberofdeaths,thesituationoftheescapewaswrittenasimmersive.AtthattimetheFrenchMarseilleplagueepidemic,causingpeople'sspecialattention,Defoe'sworktomeetthepublic'scuriosityonplague.　　Afterthe"RobinsonCrusoe",hewrotesomeexcellentworks,including"MooreFlanders"and"ColonelJack",whichwereclassifiedasBritishliteraryclassics.　　"RobinsonCrusoe"best-sellingpromptedhimtowrite"RobinsonCrusoesequel",helethisheromadeaglobaltravel,Robinson'smostjourneyisstartingfromBeijing,acrossSiberiatoRussiaHangeersk.HehasnotbeentoChina,butinthesequeltalkedaboutthetimetheEuropeanpeopledonotknowHeilongjiang.　　Defoewastoocomfortableinhislateryears,andwroteafewbooks,somecreditorshavedied,hesoldasmallbrickfactorywithasmallamountofmoneybacktootherpeople'sdebt,stillnotfarfromLondontopurchaseAsuite.However,healsohasupsanddowns,andcreditorsliveinharmony,andcouldnotexpectacreditor'swidowmadeanewlawsuit,thejudicialmachineagainspinup,hewastoavoidthepropertywasconfiscated,thehousingandpropertytransfertohissonTheHissonisacapablejournalist,whowantshimoravillain.Defoewrote:"Iputmyselfinhissubordinateposition,trusthim,entrustedhimtootherchildrenwhohavenolivingsecurity,andhehasnotevencompassionate,torturedthechildren,torturedhimselfTheunfortunatemother,wholivedaveryrichlife.　　Thefluteoftheseventieshadtohidefromthedebt,andhehadrentedroomsinthecenterofLondon'soldtown.　　Onthedayofthe1731day,theLondonCourierreportedthattheeveningoftheevening,thefamousDanielDefoediedinhisownapartmentintheCanakanBoulevard.TheBritishlovetowritetheirownpretense,writtencute,wittyandbrief.Defoealsowrotethathewantedtowriteonhistombstone:"DanielDefoe".Buttheyareanotherconsideration,theywroteonhistombstone:"DanielDefoe:"RobinsonCrusoe"author.　　丹尼尔·笛福人物评价　　Defoelivesintheperiodofcapitalistdevelopment,hebelongstothebourgeoisie,heisthemiddleclassbourgeoisspokesperson.　　Defoelifeismostconcernedaboutthedevelopmentofcapitalism,hestronglypraisedthebourgeoisie,hebelievesthatthecoreissueofacountry'sdevelopmentisthedevelopmentoftrade."Giveustradeistogiveuseverything","tradeistheworld'sprosperouslife",whichishismostfundamentalproposition.Becausehethoughtthattrademadethemanufacturingandmaritimeindustrydevelopment,sothatpeoplehavework,thereareclothingtowear,havefood,materialsandthereforecanmaintainhighprices,andcanmaintainahighrent,sotheuppersocietyalsobenefit.Aslongastherearehard-workingpeopletodeveloptrade,anyplacewillflourish.Allhiseconomicworksandsomepoliticalworkshaveplayedthisproposition,putforwardanumberofspecificrecommendations.Defarge'sideaofdevelopingtheeconomyisconducivetothedevelopmentoftheBritishsociety,butheenthusiasticallysupportsthecolonialsystem,proposestoseizeandoperatethecolonies,proposewaystoexpandtradewithbackwardcountries,andembraceslaves.Allthisshowshisclasslimitations.　　Defoewassodisgustedwiththearistocratswhowereproudofthedoor,andhetriedtocelebratethebourgeoisie,nottheupperclass,andcriticizedthe"gentleman"wholookeddownon"civilians".Hesaidthattheancestorofthepeopleisworking.Hestressedthatbusinessmenareusefulpeople,andgentlemenchangebusinessmen,businessmenchangethegentlemanisareasonablething,andsoon.praisedhisclass,heinthe"Rosanna"wherethereisaparagraphofthemostobvious:　　BaronRobertandmyviewofthebusinessmanisexactlythesame.BaronRobertsaid-Ithinkheisperfectlycorrect-anauthenticbusinessmanisthebestgentlemaninthecountry,bothinknowledge,intheritualorinjudgment,thebusinessmanisstrongerthanmanynobles.Oncetheycontroltheworld,althoughthereisnorealestate,butalsorichthantherealestateofthegentleman.　　Defoe'sattitudetowardstheworkingpeopleistwofold.Hebelievesthattherootofthecrimeispoor,richpeoplearenotguilty.MooreFlandersandRohsanaareembracedbythegloriouspath,becauseofpoverty,soheisalsosympathetictothetwocharacters.Headvocatedthedevelopmentofindustryandcommercetomakethepeoplework.Butontheotherhand,hewastheworkersworkinglongtime,lowwages,underagechildrenwillworkandotherbrutalexploitationofthephenomenonasamatterofcourse.Thisistheemployer'spointofview.　　DefoeacceptedLocke'spoliticalthought,opposesdespotism,andadvocatescivilrights.AtthattimetheBritishparliamentwastheupperechelonofpoliticiansfightinginfightingplaces,bribingandallkindsofdirtymeansofpublic.Workers,peasantsandthepettybourgeoisiearenotrepresentedatall.Defoeadvocatesthatthebasicrightofmanisthatnoone,includingtheking,thecabinet,andthecongress,cannotbeviolated."TheBritishareneitherkingsnorslavesofCongress."Defoeadvocatedfreedomofreligiousbelief,althoughtheBritishdidnotlikeFrance,Spain,asinthereligiousissueofextremeautocracy,butthereligionoutsidetheprotestantdenominationsandCatholicbelieversarealsoavarietyofrestrictions.Heisanon-statereligionprotestant,whoisapettybourgeoisiewhodemandsapoliticalsystemthatisinlinewiththe"revolutionaryprinciple"anddemandsfreedomofbelief.Defoeisthespokesmanforthisfaction.Hearguesthatthepeopleshouldbeeducatedandadvocatedforwomentobeeducated.　　Ingeneral,thethoughtofDefoewasprogressiveatthetime,butthelimitationsofhisthoughtweregreat.Thebourgeoisiewasstillaprogressiveclassandstillstruggledagainstfeudalforces.Conservativearistocrats,landlordsdonotproduce,sithugerentincome,thebourgeoisieorganizedlarge-scaleindustrialandcommercialpromotionofsocialdevelopment.　　Thepettybourgeoisie,ontheonehand,hasthesameplaceasthebigbourgeoisie,andontheother,withtherulingclassbigbourgeoisieandaristocrats,anddemandmoreliberalpolitics.Therefore,Defoe'sviewsonthedevelopmentofcapitalism,againstfeudalforces,againstpoliticalundemocratic,andagainstmonopoliesareallprogressive.Buthewassubjecttotheconstraintsofthetimesandclassprejudiceandcolonialsystemandracialdiscrimination,whichisconsistentwiththebigbourgeoisie,isreactionary.Totheworkingpeople,heisonlyconcernedwithmakingthemworkandproducingwealth,whichcoincideswiththedemandsofcapitalism.Defoethoughtonthisduality,clearlymanifestedinhisliteraryworks.　　Defoeisdeeplyunderstoodbythecharactershedescribes,andheisgoodatwritingindividualstoovercomedifficultiesinanunfavorableenvironment.Hisheroisintelligent,energetic,unbelief,believein"commonsense".plot,structuredoesnotfallaxchiseltrace.Heisparticularlygoodatdescribingtheenvironment,thedetailsofthefidelity,fictionalscenewrittensothatpeopleasimmersive.　　Defoewassodisgustedwiththearistocratswhowereproudofthedoor,andhetriedtocelebratethebourgeoisie,nottheupperclass,andcriticizedthe"gentleman"wholookeddownon"civilians".Hesaidthattheancestorofthepeopleisworking.Hestressedthatbusinessmenareusefulpeople,andgentlemenchangebusinessmen,businessmenchangethegentlemanisareasonablething,andsoon.praisedhisclass,heinthe"Rosanna"wherethereisaparagraphofthemostobvious:　　BaronRobertandmyviewofthebusinessmanisexactlythesame.BaronRobertsaid-Ithinkheisperfectlycorrect-anauthenticbusinessmanisthebestgentlemaninthecountry,bothinknowledge,intheritualorinjudgment,thebusinessmanisstrongerthanmanynobles.Oncetheycontroltheworld,althoughthereisnorealestate,butalsorichthantherealestateofthegentleman.