北京市首都师范大学附属中学2020-2021学年高二下学期期末英语试题（含答案解析）

2021北京首师大附中高二（下）期末英语第一部分：知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节完形填空（共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。Themeasureofaman’srealcharacteriswhathewoulddoifheknewhewouldneverbefoundout.----ThomasMacaulay.Aboutthirtyyearsago,IwasstudyinginapublicschoolinNewYork.Oneday,MrsNanetteO’Neillgaveamathstesttoourclass.Whenthepaperswere____1____shediscoveredthattwelveboyshadmadeexactlythesamemistakesthroughoutthetest.Thereisnothingreallynewabout____2____inexams.PerhapsthatwaswhyMrsO’Neilldidn’tevensayawordaboutit.Sheonlyaskedthetwelveboysto____3____afterclass.Iwasoneofthetwelve.MrsO’Neillaskednoquestions,andshedidn’tscolduseither.Instead,shewroteontheblackboardthe____4____wordsbyThomasMacaulay.Shethenorderedustocopythesewordsintoourexercise-booksonehundredtimes.Idon’tknowabouttheotherelevenboys.SpeakingformyselfIcansayitwasthemostimportantsingle____5____ofmylife.ThirtyyearsafterbeingintroducedtoMacaulay’swords,they____6____seemtomethebestyardstick(准绳),becausetheygiveusawaytomeasureourselvesratherthanothers.____7____ofusareaskedtomakegreatdecisionsaboutnationsgoingtowarorarmiesgoingtobattle.Butallofusarecalled____8____dailytomakeagreatmanypersonaldecisions.Shouldthewallet,foundinthestreet,beputintoapocketor____9____tothepoliceman?Shouldthe_____10_____changereceivedatthestorebeforgottenorreturned?Nobodywillknowexceptyou.Butyouhavetolivewithyourself,anditisalwaysbettertolivewithsomeoneyourespect.1.A.completedB.examinedC.markedD.answered2.A.lyingB.cheatingC.discussingD.guessing3.A.leaveB.apologizeC.comeD.remain4.A.aboveB.commonC.followingD.unusual5.A.lessonB.incidentC.chanceD.memory6.A.stillB.evenC.alwaysD.almost7.A.AllB.FewC.SomeD.None8.A.upB.outC.forD.upon9.A.turnedupB.turnedonC.turnedbackD.turnedover10.A.extraB.smallC.someD.necessary【答案】1.C2.B3.D4.A5.A6.A7.B8.D9.D10.A【解析】【 分析 定性数据统计分析pdf销售业绩分析模板建筑结构震害分析销售进度分析表京东商城竞争战略分析 】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章主要讲述作者的一次数学测验经历，老师让他们抄写ThomasMacaulay的话，而这句话也成为作者衡量自己做事情的准绳。【1题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：批改试卷时，她发现有12个男生在整个考试过程中都犯了一模一样的错误。A.completed完成；B.examined检查；C.marked给……评分；D.answered回答。根据下文“shediscoveredthattwelveboyshadmadeexactlythesamemistakesthroughoutthetest.”可知她在批阅试卷的时候才会发现一模一样的错误，故选C。【2题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：考试作弊并不是什么新鲜事。A.lying说谎；B.cheating欺骗，作弊；C.discussing讨论；D.guessing猜测。根据上文一模一样的错误，可知是考试作弊，故选B。【3题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她只是让那十二个男孩下课后留下来。A.leave离开；B.apologize道歉C.come来；D.remain留下。根据下文老师让这十二个男孩留下来抄写ThomasMacaulay那些话，可知是课后留下来。故选D。【4题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：相反，她在黑板上写了上面托马斯·麦考利的话。A.above上面的；B.common普通的；C.following接来的；D.unusual不平常的。根据文章第一句“Themeasureofaman’srealcharacteriswhathewoulddoifheknewhewouldneverbefoundout.----ThomasMacaulay.”可知老师写下的是上面的话，故选A。【5题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：就我个人而言，我可以说这是我一生中最重要的一课。A.lesson课程；B.incident事件；C.chance机会；D.memory记忆。根据下文“ThirtyyearsafterbeingintroducedtoMacaulay’swords,they____6____seemtomethebestyardstick(准绳),becausetheygiveusawaytomeasureourselvesratherthanothers.”，以及上文老师留我们抄写麦考利的话，可知这成了我三十年后衡量自己的一个准绳，所以说是重要的一课，故选A。【6题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：在我听了麦考利的这句话三十年后，这句话在我看来仍然是最好的准绳，因为这句话给了我们一种衡量自己而不是他人的 方法 快递客服问题件处理详细方法山木方法pdf计算方法pdf华与华方法下载八字理论方法下载 。A.still仍然；B.even甚至；C.always总是；D.almost几乎。根据下文“becausetheygiveusawaytomeasureourselvesratherthanothers.”，可知这一仍然最好的准绳，因为它三十年来一直对作者有影响，故选A。【7题详解】考查代词词义辨析。句意：我们中很少有人被要求做出参与国家战争或军队战争的重大决定。A.All所有；B.Few很少；C.Some一些；D.None没有。根据下文“Butallofusarecalled____8____dailytomakeagreatmanypersonaldecisions.”这里为转折，根据语境可知这里应该是很少，符合语境，故选B。【8题详解】考查固定短语辨析。句意：但是我们每天都需要做很多个人决定。A.(call)up打电话；B.(call)out叫喊；C.(call)for提倡；D.(call)upon号召，要求。callon/uponsb.todosth.可译为”要求某人做某事“，根据上文“____7____ofusareaskedtomakegreatdecisionsaboutnationsgoingtowarorarmiesgoingtobattle.”和下文转折，所以是我们每天也被要求去做一些个人的决定，故选D。【9题详解】考查固定短语辨析。句意：在街上捡到的钱包应该放在口袋里还是交给警察?A.turnedup出现；B.turnedon打开；C.turnedback掉过头来；D.turnedover移交。根据上文“thewallet,foundinthestreet”，可知是交给警察符合语境，故选D。【10题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在商店多收的零钱是应该忘记还是退还?A.extra额外的；B.small小的；C.some一些；D.necessary必要的。根据下文“beforgottenorreturned”，可知是应该是多收的零钱，故选A。第二节语法填空（共10小题：每小题15分，共15分）A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Istillrememberourphysicsteacher____11____gaveusachallengethatinvolvedmakingapaperplaneofanyshape.Theonlyobjectivewastogetittoflyasfaraspossible.Standingatthestartingline,oneofmyclassmatestookapieceofflatpaper,crumpled(把…捏成一团)itup,and____12____(throw)itdowntheway.Hebeattheclasswithease.Someofthestudentsgotmadandsaidthathecheated,butthephysicsteacher____13____(clear)explaineditcouldbeanyshapeandthatapaperballwasindeedashape.【答案】11.who12.threw13.clearly【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。本文简述作者在上物理课时，老师要求学生叠一个能飞的很远的纸飞机，形状不限，有一个同学就将纸捏成一团扔了出去，同学们都很愤怒，但老师认为纸团也是一种形状。【11题详解】考查定语从句。句意：我还记得我们的物理老师给了我们一个挑战，那就是做一个任何形状的纸飞机。分析句子结构可知，此处是定语从句，先行词是teacher，指人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。【12题详解】考查时态。句意：句意：我的一个同学站在开始线那里，拿了一张纸，捏成一团然后扔了出去。此处并列连词and连接并列的谓语，由空前took和crumpled可知，此处应用一般过去时。故填threw。【13题详解】考查副词。句意：有些学生生气了，说他作弊，但我们的物理老师给我们详细地解释道，形状不限，就算是一团纸也是一个形状。此处修饰谓语动词explained，应用副词。故填clearly。B阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Alibabaisn’ttheonlycompany____14____introduceshigh­techhotels.SmartLYZ,aShenzhen­basedcompanywhichfocusedondevelopingAItechnologyandsmarthotels,openedthefirsteverfullyautomated(自动化的)hotelinChengdu,____15____peopleconsidertobeoneofthebestplacestolive.TravelerscanbookaroomthroughSmartLYZ’sWeChatwebsite,checkinthroughafacialrecognitionmachine,unlockthedoorwitha____16____(give)passcodeorthroughitsmobileappandfinally,checkoutbypressingabuttonontheapp.TheAISmartRoomwillundoubtedlybeextremelyattractivetoguests.【答案】14.that15.which16.given【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。阿里巴巴并不是唯一一家推出高科技酒店的公司，总部位于深圳的智能LYZ公司专注于开发人工智能技术和智能酒店，在人们认为最适合居住的地方之一成都开设了首家全自动酒店。文章介绍了这家酒店的入住程序。【14题详解】考查定语从句。句意：阿里巴巴并不是唯一一家推出高科技酒店的公司。此处为限定性定语从句，修饰先行词company，指物，在从句中作主语，且由theonly修饰，只能用关系代词that引导。故填that。【15题详解】考查定语从句。句意：总部位于深圳的智能LYZ公司专注于开发人工智能技术和智能酒店，在人们认为最适合居住的地方之一成都开设了首家全自动酒店。此处为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Chengdu，指物，在从句中作宾语，应用关系代词which引导，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。【16题详解】考查形容词。句意：旅行者可以通过SmartLYZ的微信网站预订房间，通过面部识别机器办理入住，用给定的密码或通过其移动应用程序开门，最后按下应用程序上的一个按钮办理退房。修饰后文名词passcode，表示“给定的”应用形容词given，作定语。故填given。C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Theobjectivesofeducationcanbevarious.Oneis____17____(gain)allkindsofknowledge,thatcangiveusinsightsintohowpeoplethinkandtherightattitudewheninteractingwithpeopleofdifferentcultures.Thesecondistoprepareindividualsforawell-roundedlifeinsociety.Inotherwords,ithelpsindividualsthink____18____(depend),developcriticalthinkingskillsandactbasedonjudgment.Thirdly,educationhelpslearnersunderstand____19____thethingisrightorwrong,learn____20____tointeractwithothers,behavewithintegrity,etc.【答案】17.togain18.independently19.whether20.how【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了教育的三个目标。【17题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：一是获取各种各样的知识，让我们深入了解人们在与不同文化的人交往时的思维方式和正确态度。分析句子结构可知，空处需用非谓语动词作表语，根据后文“Thesecondistoprepareindividuals…”和句意可知，空处需用动词不定式作表语。故填togain。【18题详解】考查副词。句意：换言之，它帮助个人独立思考，发展批判性思维技能，并根据判断采取行动。空处需用副词作状语，根据前一句“Thesecondistoprepareindividualsforawell-roundedlifeinsociety.(二是为个人在社会中的全面生活做好准备)”可知，空处需用depend的副词independently“独立地”，表示独立思考。故填independently。【19题详解】考查宾语从句。句意：第三，教育帮助学习者理解事情是对还是错，学习如何与他人互动，行为正直等。空处需用连接词引导宾语从句，根据空后“…rightorwrong”和句意可知，whether“是否”，引导宾语从句，符合题意。故填whether。【20题详解】考查连接词。句意同上。此处表示“如何与他人互动”，所以空处需用how+动词不定式作动词learn的宾语。故填how。第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。AUSATODAY10Best'sReadersChoiceAwardsarecurrentlyonhold.Weaskedourreaderstovoteforthetopeventsacrosssixcategories:music,generalfood,specialtyfood,film,culturalandemergingindustries(foundedinthepastfiveyears).Thesearesomeofthewinners:KutztownFolkFestivalThenine-dayKutztownFolkFestivalisthenation'soldestcontinuouslyoperatedfolklifefestival,drawingvisitorsfromaroundtheglobe.AcelebrationofPennsylvaniaDutchcultureandheritage,theeventincludesAmerica'slargestquiltsale,200craftsmenandfolkartists,localfoodandfamilyfriendlyentertainment.WaterLanternFestivalTheWaterLanternFestivalisallaboutconnections.MagicalnightsincitiesacrosstheUSincludefood,livemusicandthebeautyofthousandsoflanternsdecoratedwithlettersoflove,hopeanddreamsfloatingonthewater.CarnavalofQuebecTheQuebecCarnavalisa10-dayfestivalofwinter,theworld'slargest,completewithnighlparades(庆祝游行），iceskating,snowsculpturesandatoweringicepalace.Otherhighlighlsincludeicecanoeracing,asugarshackandiconicCariboudrinks.SanFranciscoChineseNewYearParadeSanFranciscohascelebrateditsChineseheritageduringitsannualChineseNewYearFestival&ParadesincejustaftertheGoldRush.Theparaderanksamongthebestintheworld,with100units,fancycostumes,fireworksanda268-footGoldenDragon,whichtakesateamof100menandwomentomarchthroughthestreets.Ithasbecomeoneofthelargesteventsofitskindintheworld,drawingsomethreemillionspectatorsandtelevisionviewers.21.WhatcanyouseeduringKutztownFolkFestival?A.Modernarts.B.Quiltsforsale.C.Traditionalweddings.D.Showsonstage.22.Whichfestivalismeanttopromoteinterpersonalrelationships?A.KutztownFolkFestival.B.CarnavalofQuebec.C.WaterLanternFestival.D.SanFranciscoChineseNewYearParade.23.CarnavalofQuebecandSanFranciscoChineseNewYearParadeboth...A.includespecialfoodB.relatetoparadesC.takeplaceonlyatnightsD.havesculptureexhibitions【答案】21.B22.C23.B【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了《今日美国》评选的十佳读者选择奖，列举了几个榜上有名的重大事件和活动。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“AcelebrationofPennsylvaniaDutchcultureandheritage,theeventincludesAmerica'slargestquiltsale,200craftsmenandfolkartists,localfoodandfamilyfriendlyentertainment.”可知，在这一节庆活动中包括全美最大型的被子展销。故选B项。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“TheWaterLanternFestivalisallaboutconnections.MagicalnightsincitiesacrosstheUSincludefood,livemusicandthebeautyofthousandsoflanternsdecoratedwithlettersoflove,hopeanddreamsfloatingonthewater.”可知，这一节庆活动中，人们可以通过灯笼来传达各种感情，借此增进人与人之间的联系。故选C项。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中“theworld'slargest,completewithnighlparades(庆祝游行）”和第五段中“SanFranciscohascelebrateditsChineseheritageduringitsannualChineseNewYearFestival&Parade”可知，两个事件中都有游行活动。故选B项。BFordecades,Americanshavebeensortingtheirtrashbelievingthatmostplasticcouldberecycled.Butthetruthisthatthevastmajorityofallplasticproducedcan'tbeorwon'tberecycled.In40years,lessthan10%ofplastichasbeenrecycled.AnewsprogrammeFrontline,byNPRandthePBS,foundthatoilandgascompanies-themakersofplastic-haveknownthatallalong,evenastheyspentmillionsofdollarstellingtheAmericanpublictheopposite.Theplasticsindustryofficialssaidtheindustryisprovidingmoneyfornewtechnologythattheybelievewillgetrecyclingplasticuptoscale.Thegoal,theysaid,istorecycle100%oftheplastictheymakein5years.Butthemoreplasticisrecycled,thelessmoneytheindustrywillmakebysellingnewplastic.Andthoseprofitshavebecomeincreasinglyimportant.Companieshavetoldshareholders（股东）thatprofitsfromusingoilandgasfortransportareexpectedtodeclineincomingyearswiththeincreasinguseofelectriccars.Theindustryleadersexpectoilandgasdemandsfromthechemicalindustrywillbemuchgreaterthanthedemandfromthetransportsideinthecomingdecade.Plasticproductionoverallisnowexpectedtorisethreetimesby2050,andonceagain,theindustryisspendingmoneyonadvertisementsandpublicrelationstopromoteplasticrecycling.Plasticisnowmorecommonthanit'severbeenandhardertorecycle.Gaspricesremainathistoriclows,makingnewplasticcheaperthanrecycledplastic.Andtheindustrynowproducesmanymoredifferent-andmorecomplex-kindsofplasticsthataremorecostlytosortandinmanycasescan'tberecycledatall.Effortstoreduceplasticusearemountingnationwide,butanyplantoslowthegrowthofplasticwillfaceanindustrywithbillionsofdollarsoffutureprofitstolose.24Whatdoweknowaboutthegoalof100%plasticrecycling?AIt'smodest.B.It'sachievable.C.It'surgent.D.It'sunreal.25.Howwilltheoilandgascompaniesmakemoreprofitsinthefollowingyears?A.Bysellingelectriccars.B.Byaddingemphasisonrecycling.C.Byincreasingplasticproduction.D.Bymeetingtheneedsoftransport.26.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"mounting"inparagraph4probablymean?A.Increasing.B.Working.C.Failing.D.Decreasing.27.Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?A.ShouldPlasticBeRecycled?B.CanPlasticWasteBeHandled?C.RecyclePlasticorSellMore?D.PlasticProductsorSubstitutes?【答案】24.D25.C26.A27.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。一方面，人们在努力促进塑料的回收利用，减少塑料的使用，一方面石油与天然气如果需要获得更多利润，需要生产更多塑料，而塑料的回收意味着利润的减少。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Butthetruthisthatthevastmajorityofallplasticproducedcan'tbeorwon'tberecycled.In40years,lessthan10%ofplastichasbeenrecycled.”可知但事实是，绝大多数生产的塑料不能或不会被回收利用。在40年里，只有不到10%的塑料被回收。所以百分之百回收塑料的这个目标是不现实的。故选D项。【25题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Butthemoreplasticisrecycled,thelessmoneytheindustrywillmakebysellingnewplastic.Andthoseprofitshavebecomeincreasinglyimportant.Companieshavetoldshareholders（股东）…productionoverallisnowexpectedtorisethreetimesby2050,”可知回收的塑料越多，这个行业通过销售新塑料赚的钱就越少。然而这些利润变得越来越重要。公司对股东说在未来几年随着电动汽车的使用，交通运输业中石油和天然气的需求减少，利润会下降。行业领袖预计，未来10年，化工行业对石油和天然气的需求将远远超过运输行业。由此推断，在交通运输业利润减少的情况下，石油和天然气公司为了获取利润，会生产更多塑料。故选C项。【26题详解】词义猜测题。根据划线词所在句子Effortstoreduceplasticusearemountingnationwide可知减少塑料使用的努力正在全国范围内mounting。根据前文“Theplasticsindustryofficialssaidtheindustryisprovidingmoneyfornewtechnologythattheybelievewillgetrecyclingplasticuptoscale.”和“theindustryisspendingmoneyonadvertisementsandpublicrelationstopromoteplasticrecycling.”可知塑料产业和石油天然气行业都在促进塑料的回收利用，所以由此推断，减少塑料使用的努力正在全国范围内“增加”，mounting与A项（increasing）意思相同，故选A项。【27题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章最后一句话“Effortstoreduceplasticusearemountingnationwide,butanyplantoslowthegrowthofplasticwillfaceanindustrywithbillionsofdollarsoffutureprofitstolose.”可知减少塑料使用的努力正在全国范围内展开，但任何减缓塑料增长的 计划 项目进度计划表范例计划下载计划下载计划下载课程教学计划下载 都将面临某个行业未来会损失数十亿美元利润的局面。而文章也是围绕着这个写的，第一二段着重强调了人们为回收利用塑料所做的努力，第三段提出石油与运输行业利润的减少需要生产更多塑料赚钱，塑料生产的减少意味着利润的损失。第四段 总结 初级经济法重点总结下载党员个人总结TXt高中句型全总结.doc高中句型全总结.doc理论力学知识点总结pdf 全文再次强调是要利润还是减少塑料的这个困境。故C项（回收塑料还是卖更多？）最能够概括文章大意。故选C项。CNewAppHelpsPeopleRememberFacesLargegatheringssuchasweddingsandconferencescanbesociallyoverwhelming.Pressuretolearnpeople’snamesonlyaddstothestress.Anewfacial-recognitionappcouldcometotherescue,butprivacyexpertsrecommendproceedingwithcaution.Theapp,calledSocialRecall,connectsnameswithfacesviasmartphonecamerasandfacialrecognition,potentiallyavoidingtheneedforformalintroductions.“Itbreaksdownthesesocialbarriersweallhavewhenmeetingsomebody,”saysBarrySandrew,whocreatedtheappandtesteditataneventattendedbyabout1,000people.AfterreceivinganinvitationtodownloadSocialRecallfromaneventorganizer,theuserisaskedtotaketwoselfiesandsigninviasocialmedia.Attheevent,theappisactivewithinapreviouslydefinedgeographicalarea.Whenauserpointshisorherphonecameraatanattendee’sface,theappidentifiestheindividual,displaystheperson’sname,andlinkstohisorhersocialmediaprofile.Toprotectprivacy,itrecognizesonlythosewhohaveagreedtoparticipate.Andtheapp'screatorssayitautomaticallydeletesusers’dataafteranevent.AnnCavoukian,aprivacyexpertwhorunsthePrivacybyDesignCenterofExcellencepraisestheapp’screatorsfortheseprotectivemeasures.Shecautions,however,thatwhenpeoplechoosetosharetheirpersonalinformationwiththeapp,theyshouldknowthat“theremaybeunintendedconsequencesdowntheroadwiththatinformationbeingusedinanothercontextthatmightcomebacktobiteyou.”Thestart-uphasalsodevelopedaversionoftheappforindividualswhosufferfromprosopagnosia,or“faceblindness,”aconditionthatpreventspeoplefromrecognizingindividualstheyhavemet.Tousethisapp,apersonfirstacquiresanimageofsomeone’sface,fromeitherthesmartphone’scameraoraphotograph,andthentagsitwithaname.Whenthecameraspotsthatsamefaceinreallife,thepreviouslyenteredinformationisdisplayed.Thecollecteddataarestoredonlyonauser’sphone,accordingtotheteambehindtheapp.28.SocialRecallisusedto________.A.takephotosB.identifypeopleC.organizeeventsD.makefriends29.SocialRecallhelpspeoplewithprosopagnosiaby________.A.givingnamestothephotoskeptintheirsmartphonesB.collectinginformationpreviouslyenteredinthephoneC.providingtheinformationofapersonwhentheyfirstmeetD.showingtheperson’sinformationwhenitspotsastoredface30.WhatcanwelearnaboutSocialRecallfromthepassage?AItmayputpeople’sprivacyatrisk.B.Ithascausedunintendedconsequences.C.Itcanpreventsomecommunicationdisorders.D.Itispraisedbyusersforitsprotectivemeasures.【答案】28.B29.D30.A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍一款新的应用程序帮助人们识别面孔，但也有可能泄露隐私。【28题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Theapp,calledSocialRecall,connectsnameswithfacesviasmartphonecamerasandfacialrecognition,potentiallyavoidingtheneedforformalintroductions.(这款名为SocialRecall的应用软件可以通过智能手机摄像头和面部识别功能将名字和人脸联系起来，从而避免了正式介绍的必要)”可推知，SocialRecall是用来识别人的。故选B。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Tousethisapp,apersonfirstacquiresanimageofsomeone’sface,fromeitherthesmartphone’scameraoraphotograph,andthentagsitwithaname.Whenthecameraspotsthatsamefaceinreallife,thepreviouslyenteredinformationisdisplayed.Thecollecteddataarestoredonlyonauser’sphone,accordingtotheteambehindtheapp.(要使用这款应用程序，用户首先要从智能手机的摄像头或照片上获取某人的面部图像，然后给它贴上一个名字。当摄像头在现实生活中发现同一张脸时，之前输入的信息就会显示出来。该应用程序的研发团队表示，收集到的数据只存储在用户的手机上)”可知，SocialRecall通过在识别人脸时显示此人的信息来帮助脸盲症患者。故选D。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第四段中的“Shecautions,however,thatwhenpeoplechoosetosharetheirpersonalinformationwiththeapp,theyshouldknowthat“theremaybeunintendedconsequencesdowntheroadwiththatinformationbeingusedinanothercontextthatmightcomebacktobiteyou.”(然而，她警告说，当人们选择在这款应用上分享个人信息时，他们应该知道，“这些信息在另一种情况下使用，可能会带来意想不到的后果，最终可能会反过来伤害到你。”)”可推知，SocialRecall这款应用程序可能会危及人们的隐私。故选A。DFollowingtheoutbreakofthenovelcoronaviruspneumonia(NCP),alsonamedCOVID-19byWHO,thereisageneralfearoftheunknownvirusasitsfulleffectsremaintobeseen.Fever,coughing,sorethroat,difficultybreathing—theNCP’ssymptomsaresimilartothecommoncoldortheflu,butit’spotentiallymoredangerous.Virusescouldbedeadly,likeHIVandEbola.Butwhatareviruses?Howcantheycausesomuchtrouble?Virusesarenon-livingorganisms(有机体)approximatelyone-millionthofaninchlong.Unlikehumancellsorbacteria,theycan’treproduceontheirown.Instead,theyinvadethecellsoflivingorganismstoreproduce,spreadandtakeover.Virusescaninfecteverylivingthing–fromplantsandanimalsdowntothesmallestbacteria.Forthisreason,theyalwayshavethepotentialtobedangeroustohumanlife.Sometimesaviruscancauseadiseasesoseriousthatitisfatal.Otherviralinfectionstriggernonoticeablereaction.Virusesliearoundourenvironmentallofthetime,waitingforahostcelltocomealong.Theycanenterourbodiesbythenose,mouth,eyesorbreaksintheskin.Onceinside,theytrytofindahostcelltoinfect.Forexample,HIV,whichcausesAIDS,attackstheT-cellsoftheimmunesystem.Butthebasicquestionis,wheredidvirusesfirstcomefrom?Untilnow,noclearexplanationfortheiroriginexists.“Tracingtheoriginsofvirusesisdifficult”,EdRybicki,avirologist(病毒学家)attheUniversityofCapeTowninSouthAfrica,toldScientificAmerican,“becausevirusesdon’tleavefossilsandbecauseofthetrickstheyusetomakecopiesofthemselveswithinthecellsthey’veinvaded”.However,therearethreemainhypotheses(假说)toexplaintheoriginofviruses.First,virusesstartedasindependentorganisms,thenbecameparasites(寄生者).Second,virusesevolvedfrompiecesofDNAorRNAthat“escaped”fromlargerorganisms.Third,virusesco-evolvedwiththeirhostcells,whichmeanstheyexistedalongsidethesecells.Forthetimebeing,theseareonlytheories.Thetechnologyandevidencewehavetodaycannotbeusedtotestthesetheoriesandidentifythemostplausibleexplanation.Continuingstudiesmayprovideuswithcleareranswers.Orfuturestudiesmayrevealthattheanswerisevenmurkier(含糊不清的)thanitnowappears.31.Whatcanwelearnaboutvirusesfromthetext?A.Viruseshavenothingtodowiththecommoncold.B.Virusesarereallysmalllivingorganisms.C.Virusescan’treproduceunlesstheyfindahostcell.D.Virusesenterourbodiesmainlythroughthemouth,noseandhair.32.Whichofthefollowingmightexplaintheoriginofviruses?A.Theyevolvedfromthefossilsoflargeorganisms.B.Theyevolvedfromparasitesintoindependentorganisms.C.TheyevolvedfromtheT-cellsinanimals.D.Theyevolvedalongwiththeirhostcells.33.Theunderlinedword“plausible”inthelastparagraphprobablymeans________.A.reasonableB.commonC.creativeD.unbelievable34.Whatcanweconcludefromthetext?A.Viruseslivelongerinhumanhostcellsthaninanimals’.B.Viruseswillbecomemorelikebacteriaastheyevolve.C.Itmaytakealongtimetounderstandtheoriginofviruses.D.Theauthorisoptimisticaboutfuturevirusresearch.【答案】31.C32.D33.A34.C【解析】【分析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了关于COVID-19新型冠状病毒肺炎的传播途径、病毒起源的研究情况。研究表明病毒自身无法传播，是通过宿主细胞来感染的；目前关于病毒起源的解释有三种主要的假说，但都还处于理论阶段。【31题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Unlikehumancellsorbacteria,theycan’treproduceontheirown.Instead,theyinvadethecellsoflivingorganismstoreproduce,spreadandtakeover.（ 与人类细胞或细菌不同，它们不能自己繁殖。 相反，它们侵入生物体的细胞来繁殖、传播和接管）”可知，病毒自身不能繁殖，只有找到宿主细胞才能繁殖。故选C项。32题详解】细节理解题。第七段是关于病毒起源的三种假说。其中第三种假说是“Third,virusesco-evolvedwiththeirhostcells,whichmeanstheyexistedalongsidethesecells.”可知，研究认为病毒与宿主细胞共同进化，并且与这些细胞共存。故选D项。【33题详解】词句猜测题。第七段中提到“therearethreemainhypotheses(假说)toexplaintheoriginofviruses.”，以及第八段中“theseareonlytheories”。可知，关于病毒的起源，现在都只是处于理论阶段。现在的技术和数据对于病毒的起源还无法作出“合理的”解释。因此可以猜测plausib