高考英语 名词性从句和定语从句区别知识点分析

专题（四）名词性从句和定语从句名词性从句名词性从句的语法功能：在句中充当名词成分,也就是说做主语,宾语, 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 语,同位语.于是就形成了主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句和同位语从句.引导名词性从句的引导词可分为三类：一.引导词本身无词义,在从句中无地位.这类词只有一个,that二.词本身有词义但在从句中无地位,如:whether,if和asif三.词本身有词义且在句中有地位.如:who,whom,whose,what,which,when,where,why,how例句如下:1).Thathesuddenlyfellilllastweekmadeussurprised.上星期他突然病倒使我们都感到吃惊.(that引导主语从句)2).Itdoesn'tmattersomuchwhetheryouwillcomeornot.你是否来关系不太大.(whether引导主语从句,it作形式主语)3).Whowillgoisnotimportant.谁要来不重要.(who引导主语从句)4).Thequestionwaswhocouldgothere.问题是谁能去那儿.(who引导表语从句)5).Hesaid(that)thetextwasveryimportantandthatweshouldlearnitbyheart.他说课文非常重要,我们应当背诵下来.(两个that引导的都是宾语从句)6).Thefactthathehadnotsaidanythingsurprisedeverybody.他什么也没说使大家感到吃惊.(that引导同位语从句)运用名词性从句是应当注意的几个问题:1.whether与if引导名词性从句是略有区别,if不能引导主语从句,不能与ornot连用,不与不定式连用.2.宾语从句应当注意时态的呼应,主句为与动词时过去时,宾语从句也应当是过去时(过去完成时,过去进行时,过去将来时)3.宾语从句否定前移问题:当主句中有:Ithink(suppose,expect,believe,imagine,guess)时.应当否定这些词,其实就是对后面从句的否定,应当注意的是主语必须是"I",其他主语同于一般动词的否定.如:Idon'tthinkyouareright.(我认为你不对.)Idon'tbelievetheywillwinthegame.(我相信他们不会赢得这场比赛.)Shesupposedthatwecouldn'tarrivesoearly.(他认为我们不会到到达如此早.)4.同位语从句一般用that引用,先行词一般为:news,fact,idea,suggestion,promise.当先行词为是可以用其他引导词.如:Everyoneknowsthefacttheearthgoesroundthesun.(众所周知地球围绕太阳转.)Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback.(我不知道他什么时间回来.)练习I.找出各句中的从句并指出是何种从句1.Idon'tifIcandoit.2.Whatheisdoingseemsverydifficult.3.Theimportantthingishowwecanimproveourstudies.4.MrLialwaysthinksofhowhecandomoreforthepeople.5.Thenewsthatshewaspretendingtobesickwaswhisperedfromonetoanother.6.Iwassurprisedatwhathesaid.7.That'swhatyouaregoingtodofirst.8.That'llbedecidedwhoisthemonitorofourclassattheclassmeeting.9.Whenthesportsmeetistobeheldisstillunderdiscussion.10.HerecomesthenewsthatsomeforeignersfromAmericawillvisitourschool. 答案 八年级地理上册填图题岩土工程勘察试题省略号的作用及举例应急救援安全知识车间5s试题及答案 ：1.ifIcandoit宾语从句2Whatheisdoing主语从句3howwecanimproveourstudies表语从句4howhecandomoreforthepeople介词宾语从句5thatshewaspretendingtobesick同位语从句6whathesaid介词宾语从句7whatyouaregoingtodofirst表语从句8whoisthemonitorofourclassattheclassmeeting宾语从句9Whenthesportsmeetistobeheld主语从句10thatsomeforeignersfromAmericawillvisitourschool同位语从句II.把下列各句填入适当的引导词1.---Couldyoutellme_____themanis?---Heismybrother.2.Ididn'tknow_____hewascominguntilyesterday.3.----It'sstillaquestion____weshallhaveoursports.---It'ssaidweshallhaveitnextweek.4.Thenews_____hewaschosenmadeushappy.5.Thedoctorasked____medicineyouhavetaken.6.Thisis_____theysolvedtheproblemsinthecity.7._____ourfootballteamwillwinisuncertainyet.8._____frightenedusmostwas_____twolightsappearedsuddenlyinthedarkness.9.Mymotherasked____wasthematterwithme.10.ThereasonIdidn'tcometothemeetingwas____Igotill.答案：1.who2.that3.when4.that5.what6.how7.Whether8.What9.what10thatIII.翻译下列各句1..肯定他将来参加宴会。2.决定我们什么时候去北京了吗？3.他什么也没说使大家都很奇怪。4.无疑问史密斯先生很健康。5.很清楚你错了。6..这是我们所想要的东西。7.我想你对。8..我想知道他是否能帮助我。9..天气不是昨天那样了。10.问题是我们怎么能完成任务。答案：1.Itissurethathewillcometotheparty.2.IsitdecidedwhenwewillgotoBeijing?3.Thefactthathedidn'tsayanythingsurprisedeveryone.4.ThereisnodoubtthatMrSmithisingoodhealth.5.Itisclearthatyouarewrong.6.Thisiswhatwewant.7.Ithinkyouareright.8.I'liketoknowwhetheryoucanhelpmeornot.9.Theweatherisnotwhatitwasyesterday.10.Theproblemishowwecanfinishthetask.形容词从句形容词从句在句中起形容词作用.形容词的主要功能是作定语,所以,形容词从句又叫定语从句。定语从句所修饰的词叫做先行词,定语从句必须有引导词引导,先行词一定与引导词有关系，引导词应能代替先行词，在从句中做成分，因此,形容词从句又叫关系从句.形容词从句中的引导词尤为重要。一是引导从句，作为从句的重要标志；二是代替先行词;三是在从句中充当成分。由在从句中的地位划分,引导词可分为三类:一.主语,宾语引导词.如:who,whom,what,that,which,as二.状语引导词.如:where,when,why三.定语引导词.如:whose例如:1).Sheisthegirlwhosingsbestofall.她是所有人唱歌最好的那个小女孩.引导词who代替先行词thegirl,在定语从句中作主语.2).Pleasepassmethenotebookwhosecoverisred.给我书皮是红色的那本书.引导词whose代替先行词thenotebook,在从句中作定语.3).Asteelplantisaplacewheresteelismade.钢厂是生产钢的地方.引导词where与先行词theplace有关系,相当于intheplace,在句中作状语,可以理解为:steelismadeintheplace.4).Aseveryoneknows,heishonest.众所周知,她很诚实.引导词as代替先行词heishonest(先行词为一句话),在定语从句中作know的宾语.需要注意的几个问题:1.先行词为"人"时,引导词用who,whom;whose即可代替"人"又可代替"物",that即可指"人"又可指"物";which指"物"或"整句";as前面常有such或thesame.例如:1).Iwon'ttellthemthenews,whichwillmakethemsad.我不愿意告诉他们那个消息,会使他们悲伤的.(which指物)2).Bambooishollow,whichmakesthemverylight.竹子是空的,这会使他们轻.(which代替整句话:bambooishollow)3).HemustbefromAfrica,ascanheseenfromskin.从皮肤上看,他一定来自于非洲.(as指全句:hemustbefromAfrica)4).LiHuawasoneofthegirlswhohavethechances.李华是那些有机会的小女孩之一.(who指人)5).Thatistheboywhosefatherdiedthreeyearsago.那就是三年前他爸爸死的那个小男孩.(whose指人,相当于:theboy's)6).Doyouhaveabottlewhoselidisred?你有瓶盖是红色的瓶子吗?(whose指物)2.that和which都能指物,指物是可以互换,that也能指人.但下列情况必须用that.1)先行词为all,anything,everything,nothing,something等不定代词.2)先行词有序数词或形容词最高级修饰.3)先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast等词修饰.4)先行词既有人也有物.5)以who开头的疑问句例如:Iwatchedalltheglassesthatwereonthetablefalloffontothefloor.我看到了所有桌子上的杯子掉到了地板上.Theparksaretheclearestparksthatyoucanimagine.这些公园是你能想象的最干净的公园.CornwasnottheonlyfoodthatwastakentoEurope.玉米并不是被传往欧洲的唯一食物.Theytalkedaboutthingsandpersonsthattheyremembered.他们谈起所记起的人和事.以下情况时能用which1)前面紧接介词时.2)引导非限定从句时例如:Thisisthebookaboutwhichwearetalkingnow.这是我们正谈的那本书.Tomstudieshardandisreadytohelpothers,whichhisparentsexpect.汤姆努力学习并乐于助人,这正是他父母所盼望的.练习题I.填入适当的引导词1.Pleasepassmethenotebook____coverisyellow.2.LiHuawasoneofthegirls____havethechancetogoabroad.3.HemustbeformAfrica,____canbeseenfromhisskin.4.Air,___webreatheeveryday,isaroundusallthetime.5.1949wastheyear____theNewChinawasborn.6.Idon'tknowthereason____shelooksunhappytoday.7.Thisisthevillage_____myfatherworkedthreeyearsago.8.Istillremembertheday____theoldscientisttookustothelabforthefirsttime.9.Theletter______Ireceivedyesterdayisfrommysister.10.Thewoman_____yousawintheparkisourgeographyteacher.答案：1.whose2.who3.as4.which5.when6.why7.where8.when9.that10.whomII.合并各组句子1.Thefactoryisasmallone.Thefactorystandsneartheriver.2.Haveyouansweredtheletter?Yougotthatlettertwoweeksago.3.I'llneverforgettheday.OnthatdayIjoinedtheLeague.4.Wearenotallowedtodoso.Tellmethereason.5.Theboystudentisveryyoung.Hewonthegame.6.Thetownhasbecomeafamouscity.Hegrewupinthetown.7.IspendmychildhoodinSuzhou.IhaveneverbeenthereagainsinceIleft.8.HeisleavingforWuhantomeethisdaughter.Hehasnotseenthegirlforyears.9.Doyouknowtheman?Hissonisafamousscientist.10.Myuncleboughtthebicyclelastweek.Thebicyclehasbeenstolen.答案：1.Thefactorywhichisasmallonestandsneartheriver.2.Haveyouansweredtheletterthatyoureceivedtwoweeksago?3.I'llneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheLeague.4.Tellmethereasonwhywearenotallowedtodoso.5.Theboywhowonthegameisveryyoung.6.Thetowninwhichhegrewuphasbecomeafamouscity.7.IIhaveneverbeeninSuzhouagainsinceIleft,whereIspentmychildhood.8.HeisleavingforWuhantomeethisdaughterwhomhehasnotseenforyears.9.Doyouknowthemanwhosesonisafamousscientist?10.Thebicyclewhichmyuncleboughtlastweekhasbeenstolen.III.改错1.ThestoryhappenedinNovemberonwhichtheweatherwasverycold.2.Stellaisoneoftheengineerswhoisfitforthetask.3.Evenatthatmomenthedidn'tcometoourhelp,whomadeusdisappointed.4.MrWilliamshastwosons,bothofwhomlookslikehim.5.Whenwepassedtheplacewhichthedeadboylay,eachofussaluted.答案：1.on改为in2.is改为are3.who改为which4.looks改为look5.which改为where