东南大学研究生一年级学术英语教科书答案chapter9

Unit9referencing1.1Pre-readingtasksWhydowehavetoreference?Whenyoureferencecorrectlyyouaredemonstratingthatyouhavereadwidelyonatopic.Youarealsosupportingyourhypothesiswithcommentsfromexpertauthors.Thislendscredibilitytoyourownwork.Also,bycorrectlyreferencing,youallowthemarkerorreadertofollow-upyourreferencesandtocheckthevalidityofyourargumentsforthemselves.Thisisanimportantpartoftheacademicprocessasitleadstostudentaccountability.Howdoweusuallyreference?(In-textcitationandreferencelist)Howdowecreateareferencelist?Whencreatingareferencelist,thesourcesshouldbelistedalphabeticallybyauthor’ssurname,shouldbeleftjustified,andthereferencesshouldneverbeprecededbyabullet-pointornumber.Wheretheauthorisanonymousorunknownforanyonesource,insertthatsourceinthealphabeticallistusingthetitleofthesourceinsteadoftheauthor’sname.Allsourcesshouldbelistedtogether;thereshouldnotbeseparatelistsforbooksversusjournalarticlesversuselectronicsources.Thereferencelistshouldbeonaseparatepagefromtherestoftheassignmentandshouldbesimplytitled‘References’or‘LiteratureCited’andthetitleshouldbeinthesamefontandsizeastheotherheadingsinyourassignment.Howmanyreferencingstylesdoyouknow?(APA,MLAetc)1.3.1DifferencesbetweenScienceandMLAScienceMLABookreferenceorderofpublisherandplace.(publisher,place)Punctuationmark.Informationissegmentedbycomma.Publisher,placeandyearinblanket.Example:J.B.Carroll,Ed.,Language,ThoughtandReality,SelectedWritingsofBenjaminLeeWhorf(MITPress,Cambridge,MA,1956)1.orderofpublisherandplace.(place:publisher)Punctuationmark.Informationissegmentedbyfullstop.Example:McDonagh,Sean.WhyareweDeaftotheCryoftheEarth.Dublin:Veritas,2001.Journalreference1.Orderoffirstnameandlastname:firstname.Lastname2.Orderofyearandpage:Page(year)3.Punctuationmark.4.Example:N.Tang,Ontheequilibriumpartialpressuresofnitricacidandammoniaintheatmosphere.Atmos.Environ.14,819-834(1980).1.Orderoffirstnameandlastname:Lastname,firstname.2.Orderofyearandpage:(year):Page.3.Punctuationmark4.Example:Mann,Susan."MythsofAsianWomanhood."JournalofAsianStudies.59.1(2000):835-62.1.3.2SciencestyleMLAstyle1,3,4,5,102,6,7,8,92.1PleasefillouttheblanksoftheomittedinformationoftheSciencereferenceentry.1)Firstauthorfirstname__lastname_,secondauthor_firstname__lastname,papertitle._jounral_name.issue,_page_(_year_).2)_authorfirstname_lastname_,bookname(__publisher_,NewYork,ed.3,___year_),____page__.[thirdedition]3)_firstname.lastname_,thesis,_universityname_(___year_).2.2Man,GlennK.S."TheThirdMan:PulpFictionandArtFilm."LiteratureFilmQuarterly21.3(1993):171-178.Print.Ferrer,Ada."Cuba1898:RethinkingRace,Nation,andEmpire."RadicalHistoryReview73(1999):22-49.Print.Mumford,Lewis.TheCultureofCities.NewYork:Harcourt,1938.Print.4)Buss,A.H.Self-ConsciousnessandSocialAnxiety.SanFrancisco:Freeman,1991.Print.5)Piper,Andrew.“RethinkingthePrintObject:GoetheandtheBookofEverything.”PMLA121.1(2006):124-38.Print3.1S.Allen,PhDthesis,UniversityCollegeDublin(2009).M.Wang,&K.Koda,CommonalitiesanddifferencesinwordidentificationskillsamongEnglishsecondlanguagelearners.LanguageLearning.55(1),73-100(2005).3.R.Zeelenberg,D.Pecher,Evidenceforlong-termlanguagerepetitionpriminginconceptualimplicitmemorytasks.JournalofMemoryandLanguage.49,80–94(2003).4.R.E.vonStudnitz,D.Green,InterlingualhomographinterferenceinGerman-Englishbilinguals:Itsmodulationandlocusofcontrol.Bilingualism:LanguageandCognition.51,1–23(2002).3.2PleasecreateareferencelistofthefollowingworkinformationaccordingtoMLAstyle.References:Booth,David.Ed.RethinkingSocialDevelopment:Theory,ResearchandPractice.Essex:Longman,1994.Mann,Susan."MythsofAsianWomanhood."JournalofAsianStudies.59.1(2000):835-62.McDonagh,Sean.WhyareweDeaftotheCryoftheEarth.Dublin:Veritas，2001.O’Connor,John."TowardsaGreenerIreland.”DiscoveringOurNaturalSustainableResources:FutureProofing,UniversityCollegeDublin,15–16March2009.Dublin:IrishEnvironmentalInstitute,2009.65–69.Print4.Whenbilingualsreadorlistentowordsintheirsecondlanguage(L2),informationaboutwordsintheirfirstlanguage(L1)isalsoactive(e.g.,1-3).Fromadevelopmentalperspective,findingevidenceforlanguagenonselectivityevenamonghighlyskilledbilingualsissurprising.Onemightthinkthatwithincreasingskill,learnersbecomecapableoffunctioningautonomouslyintheL2(e.g.,4).However,recentevidencethatdemonstratesparallelactivationofwordsinbothlanguagesduringvisualandspokenwordrecognitionsuggeststhatacquiringproficiencyinaL2doesnotimplythattheindividualhasacquiredtheabilitytoswitchofftheinfluenceoftheL1.Furthermore,thesecross-languageinfluencesarenotlimitedtotheeffectsoftheL1ontheL2.EvenwhenproficientbilingualsprocesswordsintheirL1alone—withoutanyreasontobelievethatL2isrelevant—thereareeffectsoftheL2ontheL1(e.g.,5,6).Despitethecompellingevidenceforparallelactivationofbothlanguagesduringlexicalaccessinproficientbilinguals,verylittleresearchhasaddressedtheconsequencesofcross-languageactivityinlessproficientL2processing.Thisquestionisthefocusoftheworkwereporthere:Whatlexicalinformationisactiveinthelearner’sL1duringL2processing?ThepresentstudyinvestigatestheinfluenceoftheL1ontheL2duringlexicalprocessinginalaboratorysetting.References:WilliamR.Harvey,SigneNedergaard,Sodium-independentactivetransportofpotassiumintheisolatedmidgutoftheCecropiasilkworm.Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.51,731-735(1964).1.A.Dijkstra,W.J.B.VanHeuven,Thearchitectureofthebilingualwordrecognitionsystem:Fromidentificationtodecision.Bilingualism:LanguageandCognition.23,175–197(2002).2.D.Jared,J.F.Kroll,Dobilingualsactivatephonologicalrepresentationsinoneorbothoftheirlanguageswhennamingwords?JournalofMemoryandLanguage.44,2–31(2001).3.V.Marian,M.Spivey,Bilingualandmonolingualprocessingofcompetinglexicalitems.AppliedPsycholinguistics.24,173–193(2003).4.N.Segalowitz,J.H.Hulstijn,Automaticityinbilingualismandsecondlanguagelearning.InJ.F.Kroll&A.M.B.DeGroot(Eds).,Handbookofbilingualism:Psycholinguisticapproaches(OxfordUniversityPress,Oxford.2005).5.J.G.VanHell,A.Dijkstra,Foreignlanguageknowledgecaninfluencenativelanguageperformanceinexclusivelynativecontexts.PsychonomicBulletin&Review.9,780–789(2002).6.I.VanWijnendaele,M.Brysbaert,Visualwordrecognitioninbilinguals:Phonologicalprimingfromthesecondtothefirstlanguage.JournalofExperimentalPsychology:HumanPerceptionandPerformance.28,616–627(2002).