曹丕典论论文（汉英）

典论·论文ADiscourseonLiterature 文人相轻。自古而然。傅毅之于班固。伯仲之间耳。而固小之。与弟超 书 关于书的成语关于读书的排比句社区图书漂流公约怎么写关于读书的小报汉书pdf 曰。武仲以能属文为兰台令史。下笔不能自休。Literarymendisparageoneanother-it'salwaysbeenthatway.TherelationbetweenFuYiandBanGuwasnothinglessthantherelationofayoungerbrothertoanelderbrother.YetPanKubelittledhim，writinginalettertohiselderbrotherBanChao:“Wu-zhong[FuYi]becameImperialLibrarianthroughhisfacilityincomposition:wheneverheusedhiswritingbrush,hecouldn'tstophimself."夫人善于自见。而文非一体。鲜能备善。是以各以所长。相轻所短。里语曰。家有獘帚。享之千金。斯不自见之患也。Peoplearegoodat[orfondof]makingthemselvesknown;butsinceliterature(文isnotofoneform(体)alone,fewcanbegoodateverything.7Thuseachpersondisparagesthatinwhichheisweakbythecriterionofthosethingsinwhichheisstrong.Thereisavil1agesaying:“Theworn-outbroomthatbelongstomyownhouseholdisworthathousandingold."Suchistheillconsequenceofalackofself-awareness.今之文人。鲁国孔融文举。广陵陈琳孔璋。山阳王粲仲宣。北海徐干伟长。陈留阮瑀元瑜、汝南应玚德琏。东平刘桢公干。斯七子者。于学无所遗。于辞无所假。咸以自骋骥騄于千里仰齐足而并驰。以此相服。亦良难矣。TheliterarymenofthisdayareKongRong,calledWen-jü,ofthestateofLu;ChenLin,calledKong-zhang,ofGuang-ling;WangCan,calledZhong-xuan,ofShan-yang;XuGan,calledWei-chang,ofBei-hai;RuanYu,calledYüan-yü,ofChen-liu;YingYangcalledDe-lian,ofRu-nan;andLiuZhen,calledGong-Gan,ofDung-ping.Thesesevenmastershaveomittednothingintheirlearning,havenoborrowedcolorsintheirdiction.Yettheyhavefounditmostdifficulttoallgalloptogetherathousandleagues,sidebysidewithequalpaceontheirmightysteeds,andthustopayoneanotherduerespect.盖君子审己以度人。故能免于斯累。Asuperiorperson(君子)examineshimselftomeasureothers;andthusheisabletoavoidsuchentanglements[c.g.，envyandblindnesstotheworthofothers].ThusIhavewrittenadiscourseonliterature.而作论文。王粲长于辞赋。徐干时有齐气。然粲之匹也。如粲之初征、登楼、槐赋、征思。干之元猿、漏卮、员扇、橘赋。虽张蔡不过也。然于他文。未能称是。琳瑀之章 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 书记。今之隽也。WangCanexcelsinpoeticexpositions(赋);eventhoughXuGanattimesshowslanguidqi,stil1heisWangCan'smatch.EvenChangHengandCaiYongdonotsurpassworkslikeWangCan's“BeginningoftheJourney,"“ClimbingaTower,"“TheLocustTree,"or“ThoughtsonTravel";orworkslikeXuGan's"TheBlackGibbon,"“TheSyphon,"“TheCircularFan,"or“TheOrangeTree."Yettheirotherwritingsarenomatchforthese.Inregardtomemorials,letters,andrecords,thoseofCh'enLinandRuanYüarepreeminentinthepresent.应玚和而不壮。刘桢壮而不密。孔融体气高妙。有过人者。然不能持论。理不胜词。至于杂以嘲戏。及其所善。杨班俦也。YingChangisagreeablebutlacksvigor.LiuChenisvigorousbutholdsnothingconcealed[mi;i.e.,inreserve].KongRong’sform(体)andqiareloftyandsubtle，withsomethinginthemthatsurpassesal1theothers;buthecannotsustainanargument,andtheprinciple(理)inhisworkisnotuptothediction(辞)，tothepointthathemixeshiswritingwithplayfulnessandspoofing.AthisbestherivalsYangXiongandBanGu.常人贵远贱近。向声背实。又患闇于自见。谓己为贤。Ordinarypeoplevaluewhatisfarawayandfeelcontemptforwhatiscloseathand.Theyfavorrepute（声）andturntheirbacksonsubstance(实).Moreover,theysuffertheil1consequencesofignoranceinself-awareness,claimingtobemenofgreatworth.夫文本同而末异。盖奏议宜雅。书论宜理。铭诔尚实。诗赋欲丽。此四科不同。故能之者偏也。惟通才能备其体。Literature(文)isthesameattheroot(本)，butdiffersinitsbranches[末,a“branchtip,"thelaterstagesofaprocess].Generallyspeaking,memorialsanddisquisitionsshouldhavedignity(雅);lettersandmemorialsshouldbebasedonnaturalprinciple(理);inscriptionsandeulogyvaluethefacts(实);poetryandpoeticexposition(赋)aspiretobeauty(丽).Eachofthesefourcategoriesisdifferent,sothatawriter'sabi1itywillfavorsomeoverothers.Onlyacomprehensivetalentcanachievethefullcomplement(备)oftheseforms(体).文以气为主。气之清浊有体。不可力强而致。譬诸音乐。曲度虽均。节奏同检。至于引气不齐。巧拙有素。虽在父兄。不能以移子弟。Inliteratureqiisthedominantfactor.Qihasits110rmativeforms—clearandmurky.Itisnottobebroughtbyforce.Compareittomusic:thoughmelodiesbeequalandthoughtherhythmsfollowtherules,whenitcomestoaninequalityindrawingonareserveofqi,wehavegroundstodistinguishskillandclumsiness.Althoughitmayresideinafather,hecannottransferittohis50n;norcananelderbrothertransferittotheyounger.盖文章经国之大业。不朽之盛事。年寿有时而尽。荣乐止乎其身。二者必至之常期。未若文章之无穷。Iwouldsaythatliteraryworks(文章)arethesupremeachievementinthebusinessofstate,asplendorthatdoesnotdecay.Atimewillcomewhenaperson'slifeends;gloryandpleasuregonofurtherthanthisbody.Tocarrybothtoeternity,thereisnothingtocomparewiththeunendingpermanenceoftheliterarywork.是以古之作者。寄身于翰墨。见意于篇籍。不假良史之辞。不托飞驰之势。而声名自传于后。Sowritersofancienttimesentrustedtheirpersonstoinkandthebrush,andlettheirthoughtsbeseenintheircompositions;dependingneitheronagoodhistoriannoronmomentumfromapowerfulpatron,theirreputationswerehandeddowntoposterityontheirownforce.故西伯幽而演易。周旦显而制礼。不。以隐约而弗务。不以康乐而加思。夫然。则古人贱尺璧而重寸阴。惧乎时之过已。而人多不强力。贫贱则慑于饥寒。富贵则流于逸乐。遂营目前之务。而遗千载之功。日月逝于上。体貌衰于下。忽然与万物迁化。斯志士之大痛也。融等已逝。惟干着论成一家言。TheEarloftheWest(latermadeKingWenoftheZhou),whenimprisoned,amplifiedtheBookofChanges;theDukeofZhou,thoughinhisglory,prescribedtheRites.Theformerdidnotignorethis(theimportanceofliterarywork)inspiteofhardship;thelatterwasnotdistractedbyhealthandpleasure.Fromthiswecanweehowtheancientsthoughtnothingoflargejadedisks(marksofwealth),butvaluedeachmoment,fearfullesttheirtimepassthemby.Yetpeopleusuallydonotexertthemselves:inpovertyandlowstationtheyfearthehungerandcold;amidwealthandhonortheydriftwiththedistractionsofpleasure.Theybusythemselveswiththedemandsofwhatliesrightbeforetheireyes,andneglectcanaccomplishmentlastingathousandyears.Overhead,thedayandmonthspassawayfromus;herebelow,faceandbodywasteaway.Suddenlywewillmoveoffintotransformationwithalltheotherthingsoftheworld—thisisthegreatestpainforapersonwithhighaspirations.KongRongandtheothershavealreadypassedaway,andonlythediscoursecomposedbyXuGanarethefullyrealizedworkofanindividualwriter.