比较句型

比较的句型 比较的句型 ●the same … as…表示同一类; the same … that…表示同一个;这里as和that都是关系代 词。该句型中尽量使用as和that,虽有时可用who(先行词为人)甚至where(先行词为地点) He used the same book as you do.他使用和你相同的书。 This is the same watch as I lost.这个手表和我遗失的相同(即同型号)。 He is the same man who(=that) was here yesterday.他就是昨天到这里来的同一个人。 但注意以下例句中的区别: I am the same age as you are. 我和你同一年龄。 We drove out of the town by the same road as we had entered. 我们又沿原先进来的路驶出该城市。 Peter suffers from the same handicap that you and I have. 皮特也有我和你都有的缺陷 若是使用as,后面从句中的动词可以省略。而that则不能省。 He uses the same book as you (do). He uses the same book that you do. ●as…as 第一个as为副词,其后通常接形容词/副词(原级),第二个as可用作介词(后接名词或代词)或连词(后接从句等)。as…as可用于肯定与否定句中。否定句中可以用not so/as…as. “as+adj./adv.+as”“as+adj.+a/an+可数名词+as” “as many/few+复数名词+as”“a s much/little+不可数名词+as” He is as handsome as his brother (is)。他和他哥哥一样英俊。 Old John goes to sleep as easily as a baby does. 老约翰像婴儿一样容易入睡。 The girls are as busy with their work as bees. 这些女孩子就跟蜜蜂一样忙着工作。 He is as nice a boy as Peter (is)。他和彼得一样都是好男孩。 She has as many friends as Mary (does)。她和玛丽一样有许多朋友。 You’ve made as many mistakes as I have. 你犯的错误和我犯的一样多。 He has as much money as John (does)。他和约翰一样有很多钱。 I haven’t got as much money as I thought. 我不像原来想像的有那么多钱。 He is as clever as (he is)handsome. 他不但英俊而且聪明。 It is not as/so popular as other foods. 它不像其它食物那样受欢迎。 He does not study as/so hard as John. 他不像约翰那样用功。 The winters are not so cold or so long as they used to be. = The winters are neither so cold nor so long as they used to be. She is as good a cook as her mother. =She is a cook as good as her mother. 但不说:She is as a good cook as her mother. 或They are as good cooks as us. 1 第二个as后接从句时,该as常为连词,但充当其后从句的主语或宾语时该as为关系代词,引导的从句是定语从句。作为关系代词时so…as可以用于肯定句中。 I gave him as much as he could eat. 他能吃多少,我就给了他多少。 We’ve got food for as many people as want it. 我们的食物,无论多少人吃都够了。 与such…as 的转换: He spoke in such(=so) easy English as(=that) everybody could understand. 他用每人都能听懂的英语讲。 Don’t read such books as will defile your mind.不要阅读会污染你心灵的书。 这种用法较老,常用those…that/w hich来替代。若指人则用those(…)who来代替。如: Do not read those books which you can’t understand. He is as diligent a man as ever lived.他是未曾有过的下功夫的人。 =He is one of the most diligent men that ever lived. 以上例句的as都有先行词,但是先行词有时也可以是一个句子,如: He was late for school, as(=which) was usual with him.他又像平常一样迟到了。 He was not an English man, as(=which) I knew from his accent. 他不是一个英国人,这一点我听他的口音就知道。 注:若第二个as用作连词引导一个表示将来意义的从句,则该从句可用现在时表示将来,也可直接使用将来时态。如:We’ll get there as soon as you do/will. 你一到,我们就到。 该结构根据情况可使用以下修饰语:(not) nearly, almost, just, nothing like, exactly, not quite, half, one-ten, twice, three times, 30 per cent等,并且这些修饰语必须置于第一个as之前,而不能置于其后。 He doesn’t play half as well as his sister. 他演奏的水平不及他姐姐的一半。 This dress is twice as expensive as that. 这件连衣裙比那件贵一倍。 在非正式场合(尤其是美国英语中),有时可以省略第一个as。如: When over forty, he married a woman poor as himself. 另外,若意思明确,有时可省略第二个as及其后的相关词语。如: The pianos in that shop will be cheaper, but not as good. 那家商店的收音机会便宜些,但质量没那么好。 as many/much+名词…此句型意为“同数(量)的…;一样多” He was tired enough to make ten errors in as many (=in ten)pages. 他疲倦得十页中犯了十个错误。 Mike read five books in as many (=in five)months. 麦克在五个月内看了五本书。 I didn't expect that he should have committed three robberies in as many days. 没想到(老实的)他居然在三天内犯了三次抢劫罪。 ●as many/much as+数字+复数名词/不可数名词“多达…” 此类词组还有:as long as+数字+<名词>(长达…),as wide as+数字+<名词>(宽达…), as high as+数字+<名词>(高达…),as early as+数字+<名词>(早在…),as late as+数字+<名词>(迟在…)等。 She has as many as seven sisters. 她的姊妹有七人之多。 As many as 100 people were killed in the air crash. 这次空难中多达一百人丧生。 I gave the beggar as much as 1,000 yen(日元). 我给了这乞丐整整一千元。 I have been learning English (for)as long as 15 years. 我学英文已有十五年之久。 He came home as late as two in the morning. 他迟至清晨两点才回家。 The river is as wide as 100 meters. 这条河宽达一百公尺。 I mailed the letter as early as Friday. 我早在星期五就把信寄了。 ●主词+be+as+much+名词+as+(be)+主词“…和…同样…” Comets are just as much members of the sun's family as (are)the other planets. 彗星和其它的行星同样是太阳家族的成员。 T o eat too much is as much a bad thing as to eat nothing.吃太多和什么都不吃同样是坏事。 ●as far as+名词“到…之远;到…的程度”。而“as far as+<主词>+<动词>”则表示“只要…, 在…范围内的话…”。 Swallows from England go as far as South Africa. 英国来的燕子飞到南非那样远的地方。 We drove as far south as Kaohsiung. 我们往南开车一直到高雄。 He went as far as Yokohama to meet his friend from England.他远至横滨去迎接由英国来的朋友。 I swam as far as I could. 我尽可能地游远。 ●主词+动词+just as+形容词/副词+as+(代)名词/动名词 若<主词>之后不是be <动词>,则as 之后不用<形容词>,而要用<副词>. Being a good pedestrian is just as important as being a good driver. 做一个好的行人就像做一个好的司机一样重要。 He wrote just as carefully as Tom. 他就像汤姆一样小心地写。 ●…as+形容词/副词/名词+as one can“尽可能…”,相当于“as …… as possible”。 T ake as much exercise as you can. 尽可能多做运动。 Our teacher explained the lesson to us as clearly as he could. 我们的老师尽可能清楚地为我们解释这一课。 She needed to soften her request to make it as polite and courteous as she could. 她需要使请求语气柔婉,以便尽可能把它变成有礼貌与客气。 You should be as careful as you can in making friends. 在交朋友方面,你应该尽可能小心。 We had better learn by heart as many sentence patterns as we can. 我们最好尽可能多背句型。 I looked down the road as far as I could. 我尽可能遥望这条路。 ●…… as …… as …… can be“极…,不亚于任何人…” 常用的此类词组有:as plain as plain can be(再明白不过了),as white as white can be(白得不能再白了),as wrong as wrong can be(错得太离谱)等。 He is as handsome as (handsome)can be. 他潇洒极了。 He may not be so clever as Peter,but he is as industrious as can be. 他也许不如彼得聪明,但却用功极了。 You are as wrong as wrong can be.你是大错特错了。 (=extremely/absolutely wrong 或as wrong as possible) ●as … as need be…;尽量是,绝对是;和as…as can be结构和意义基本相同,但通常用于指 过去。其中need为助动词 Peter was as clear as need be.皮特是绝对清白的。 Adam was as fine a chap(家伙,小伙子) as need be.亚当确是一条好汉。 ●as …… as ever“与往常一样…” He is as happy as ever.不还是老样子,不知人生之忧愁。(和as…as before相同,依然是。。。) Be as quick as ever as you can.尽量快些。(ever用来加强语气) He works as hard as ever. 他和往常一样努力工作。 He is as brave a man as ever lived (breathed).他是古今无双的勇者。 For miles and miles around, the prospect(美景) extended over as fair(美丽的) a land as ever rejoiced(使高兴) the sight of man.周围不知有几许英里,美丽的景色尽是伸展在人目所曾眺望过的最美丽的土地上。(以上两个例句表示“古今无双的”) ●…… times as …… as ……“是…的几倍”。“两倍” twice,三倍以上常用times. This line is four times as long as that one. 这条线是那条线的四倍长。 She studies three times as hard as I. 她用功的程度是我的三倍。 He earns twice as much as he used to. 他比往常多赚二倍的钱。 She spent half as much money as you. 她花掉的钱只有你花掉的一半。 ●…… times the/my N …… 倍数词与名词之间一定有the 或所有格.有时可改为“<倍数词>+as+<形容词>” It was over twice the distance of the earth from the sun. 那是地球到太阳的距离的两倍多。 He has three times my money. 他的钱是我的三倍。 He has more than three times my money. 他的钱是我的三倍还不止。 Holland has two-thirds the inhabitants of the state of New York,which is four times the size of Holland. 荷兰的居民是纽约州的三分之二,而纽约州却是荷兰的四倍大。 ●more than …… as …… as“是…的几倍还不止” He is more than three times as rich as I. (=He is three times richer than I.) 他的财富是我的三倍还不止。 He studies more than three times as hard as I. 他用功的程度是我的三倍还不止。 He has collected more than three times as many stamps as I (have)。 他搜集的邮票是我的三倍还不止。 ●…… times ……er than ……“比…大几倍” This street is four times shorter than that one. 这条街道比那条短四倍。 The mother elephant is one hundred times heavier than the baby elephant. 这只母象比小象重一百倍。 It is ten times louder than another. 它比另外一个的声音大十倍。 This street is three times wider than that one. 这条街比那条街宽三倍。 ●not so adj. as adj.“与其说是…倒不如说是…” She is not so beautiful as charming. (=She is charming rather than beautiful.) 与其说她美倒不如说她迷人。 She is not so kind as simple. 与其说她善良不如说她单纯。 ●not so much + N as + N“与其说是…倒不如说是…” He is not so much a writer as a scholar. 与其说他是作家倒不如说他是学者。 He is not so much a genius as a hard worker. 他的努力胜于天份。 The Apollo program was not so much a scientific achievement as a technical accomplishment. 阿波罗计划与其说是一项科学成果,不如说是一项技术成就。 ●not so much …… as ……“与其说是…倒不如说是…” Happiness hinges not so much on wealth as on health. (hinge on取决于…,以…为转移)快乐与其说在于财富倒不如说在于健康。 One's greatness lies not so much in his wealth as in his character. 一个人的伟大与其说是由他的财富来判断,倒不如说是由他的品德来判断。 I lay down not so much to sleep as to think.我躺下来与其说是要睡觉,倒不如说是要思考。 It is not so helpful to give someone some bread as to teach him how to make a living. 与其说给人面包很有帮助,倒不如说教导他如何谋生才重要。 Our success was attributed not so much to your help as to our cooperation. 我们的成功与其归功于您的帮忙,不如归功于我们的合作。 The oceans do not so much divide the world as unite it. (=The oceans do not divide the world so much as unite it.)与其说是海洋分割这个世界,不如说是统一这个世界。 ●not so much as ……“甚至都不…”相当于“not even …”(要置于助动词后) He cannot so much as write his own name. (=He cannot even write his own name.) 他甚至连自己的名字都不会写。 He did not so much as thank me. 他甚至都没谢我。 He is so stupid that he can't so much as eat. 他蠢得甚至连吃饭都不会。 ●the more ……,the more …… The more you soften a request,the more polite it becomes. 你愈使请求柔婉,请求就愈变为客气。 The more I learn,the less I feel I know. 学而后知不足。 The closer you stay to nature,the more you will appreciate her beauty. 你愈接近大自然,就愈能了解它的美。 The more leisure he has,the less he stays at home. 愈是有空,他愈不肯待在家里。 The more haste,the less speed. 欲速则不达。 The more noble,the more humble(谦逊的,简陋的,低声下气的). 结实愈丰者,其穗愈低。 More profit and less honor. 舍名逐利。 The more you beat iron the harder it grows. 铁不炼不成钢,玉不琢不成器。 The sooner you do it, the better it will be.(= The sooner the better)越早越好。 The smaller the room or the more people in it, the faster the air becomes bad. 房间越小或里边的人越多,里边的空气就越快地变坏。 Others will suspect us the more, the more we suspect them.我们越怀疑别人,别人越怀疑我们。其它转化换的句型: He worked all the harder, because his master praised him.他因主人称赞他而工作得更加努力了。 ●more and more …… The noise of traffic grows louder and louder. 交通的噪音变得愈来愈大。 The girl became more and more beautiful. 这女孩变得愈来愈漂亮了。 With the rapid economical development,China's position on the international stage is getting more and more important.随着经济迅速发展,中国在国际舞台上的地位变得愈来愈重要了。 ●…… more …… than ……“…是…而不是…” You may also find that reading has become more fun than work! 你或许也会发现阅读已经变成是有趣的事,而不是工作。 It is more a made-up story than a real occurrence.那是杜撰的故事,而不是真实发生的事情。 I was more disappointed than discouraged. 我是失望,而不是泄气。 He seems more like a military officer than a business executive. 他似乎比较像一个军官,而不像一个商业行政主管。 He is more a sprinter than a swimmer. 他是短跑健将,而不是游泳选手。 The computer is more expensive than the typewriter. 这部计算机比这部打字机更贵。 People in the country are happier than people in the city.乡下的人们比城市的人们更快乐。 ●N1 more …… than N2“比…更为…的…” People have to live on something more nourishing than hope. 人们必须依赖比希望更滋养的东西来过活。 I have never seen a girl more beautiful than Mary. 我从未见过比玛丽更为美丽的女孩子。 ●more N than + adj./V-ed“比…来得更多的…” Some people give higher priced gifts than necessary for the situation. 有些人给了比情况所必要来得更高价的礼物。 I did more work than required. 我做了比所被 要求 对教师党员的评价套管和固井爆破片与爆破装置仓库管理基本要求三甲医院都需要复审吗 的来得更多的工作。 We were given more money than necessary for the project. 我们被给了比计划所要求来得更多的钱。 ●It is better to V1 than V2“…比…更…”。than 之后的to 可以省略。 It is better to laugh than (to)weep. 笑比哭好。 It is more comfortable to lie on a lawn than (to)sit in the office. 躺在草坪上比坐在办公室里舒服。 It is harder to teach than (to)study. 教书比读书辛苦。 ●make …… more …… of ……“…使…更加…” Darkness would make him more appreciative of sight. 黑暗会使他更加珍惜视力。 Their sudden attack made us more aware of the danger around us. 他们突然的攻击使我们更加注意我们周围的危险。 Your encouragement made me more confident of my future. 你的鼓励使我对我的未来更加有信心。 ●all the more for ……“因为…反而更加…”。可写成“all the+比较级+because-子句” You will enjoy stories all the more for having understood the characters in them. 你会因为已经了解小说中的角色,而更加喜欢小说。 He studied all the harder because he had failed (=for his failure)。 因为他失败了,他反而更用功念书了。 She is all the more beautiful for her shabby clothing (=because her clothing is shabby)。 即使她衣衫褴褛,却显得更美丽了。 ●none the ……er for ……“即使…却一点也不…”。=“none the+比较级+because-子句” His health is none the better for his exercise (=because he takes exercise)。 即使他运动,他的健康状况却一点也不好。 She is none the more beautiful because she wears a fancy dress. 即使她身穿时髦洋装,却一点也不漂亮。 He is none the happier for his great wealth. 即使他有钱,却一点也不快乐。 ●none the less …… for ……“即使…却仍然”=none the less+adj./adv.+because从句 I love him none the less because he is poor. 即使他穷,我还是爱他。 She is none the less beautiful for her shabby clothing. 即使她衣衫褴褛,却仍然美丽。 He studied none the less hard because he had failed. 即使他失败了,却仍然用功念书。●…… no more …… than ……“正如不…一样,也不…”表示否定; =“not …… any more than”。若than之后的词类与前面的词类相同,可省略;若不同,不可省。 A whale is no more a fish than a horse is. 鲸鱼不是鱼正如马不是鱼一样。 A home without love is no more a home than a body without a soul is a man. 没有爱的家不是家,就如同没有灵魂的身体不是人一样。 He is no more able to speak English than I am (able to speak English)。 和我不会说英语一样,他也不会说英语。 He is no more considerate(体贴的)of others than his brother is. 他不体谅别人,就跟他弟弟一样。 He can no more sing than I can dance. 他不会唱歌正如我不会跳舞一样。 We can no more live without sleep than (we can)without water. 我们没有睡眠不能活,正如我们没有水就不能活一样。 I am no more out of my mind than you are (out of your mind)。你我两人都没有疯狂。 He is no better/no more good at English than I am. 他的英文不好,就像我一样。 He is no more diligent than you are.正如你不勤奋一样,他也不勤奋。 He is not more diligent than you are.他不比你更勤奋。 He is not diligent any more than you are. ●…… no less …… than ……“A 是B 和C 是D 一样”。等于“as …… as” A whale is no less a mammal than a horse is. 鲸鱼和马一样都是哺乳动物。 He is no less clever than his elder brother. 他和他的大哥一样聪明。 His parents are no less happy over his engagement than he is (happy over his engagement)。他的双亲对他订婚的高兴并不亚于他自己。 He studies no less hard than John. 他和约翰一样用功。 Associating with good friends is no less important to us than choosing good books. 交益友与选择好书对我们同样重要。 Sports wears,no less than suits,are very much saleable.运动服和西服套一样,非常畅销。 ●not more …… than ……“没有比…更多;最多只是和…一样”。=at best as …… as She is not more beautiful than Mary. 她不比玛丽美丽——顶多只是和玛丽一样美。 I was not more surprised than he (was)。我不像他那样惊讶。 ●not less …… than“至少与…一样”。=at least as …… as She is not less beautiful than Mary. 她至少和玛丽一样美丽。 He is not less interested in composing music than Jane. 他至少跟珍一样对谱曲很感兴趣。●n o more than ……“仅仅…”。=“only+<名词>”,强调稀少 It is no more than ten minutes' walk from the station. 由车站走到这里只有十分钟的路程。 I had no more than 2 or 3 mistakes on my English assignment.我的英文作业中只有两三处错误。 ●no less than ……“多达…;足足有…之多”。=“as many/much as ……”,强调多 I received no less than ten thousand yen for my work. 我的工资多达一万元。 The audience was no less than five thousand. 听众有五千人之多。 No less than ten students flunked the exam. 足有十位学生在这次考试中不及格。 ●not more than ……“最多不超过…”。等于“at most+<数词>+<名词>”。 It is not more than ten minutes' walk from the station. 由车站走到这里最多十分钟的路程。 For safety's sake,don't drive more than 30 kilometers per hour in the city. 为了安全起见,在市内开车时速不要超过三十公里。 ●not less than ……“至少…”。等于“at least+<数词>+<名词>”。 The audience was not less than five thousand. 听众至少也有五千人。 I'll stay here not less than three days. 我将待在这里至少三天。 Though they think it takes no more than three days to fulfill the mission,I believe it takes not less than six days. 虽然他们认为完成这任务只需三天,但我却认为至少需要六天。 ●at best + N“充其量…;只不过是…”。等于“nothing but ……”。 Don't expect much of him;he is at best a student. 不要对他期望过高;他只不过是个学生。 She is at best a second-rate singer. 她充其量是个二流歌手。 Don't scold him too much;he is at best a child. 不要太责骂他;他只不过是个孩子。 ●much more /much less ……“更不用说…”。 “much more ……”等于“let alone ……”或“still more ……”,只用于肯定句; “much less ……”等于“still less ……”,只用于<否定句>. She can speak English,much more/let alone/still more write it. 她会说英语,更不用说写英文了。 She cannot speak English,much less/still less write it. 她不会说英语,更不用说写英文了。 You have a right to your property,much more to your ideas. 你有处理自己财产的权利,更有支配自己思想的权利。 I enjoy singing,much more listening to music. 我喜欢唱歌,更不用说听音乐了。 She cannot buy daily necessities,much less luxuries. 她连生活必需品都不能买,更不用说奢侈品。 That father can't discipline himself,much less set a good example for his children to follow. 那位父亲不能以身作则,更不用说做孩子的榜样了。 ●…… more than any other N“比其它任何…都还…”=“比较级+than+all the other+复数名词 John is more diligent than any other student in his class. 约翰比班上其它的同学用功。 John is more diligent than all the other students in his class. 约翰比班上其它的同学用功。 Autumn is better for reading than any other season. 秋天比任何季节都适合读书。●…… more than anyone else“比其它任何…都还…”。.anyone else 指人;anything else 指物。 John is more diligent than anyone else in his class. 约翰比班上其它的同学用功。 Time is more precious than anything else in the world. 时间比世上任何东西都宝贵。 We pay less attention to time than to anything else.我们对时间的不重视超过其它任何事物。 ●nothing is ……er than ……“没有如此…者” Nothing is more valuable than time,but nothing is less valued. 没有比时间更贵重的东西,但也没有比它更受轻视的东西。 No place is better than one's home. 没有任何地方比得上自己的家。 Nothing is more pleasant than staying home listening to music. 没有一件事比待在家里听音乐更愉快的了。 Nothing gives him more pleasure than helping someone in trouble. 没有一件事要比帮助陷入困境的人带给他更大的快乐。 There is nothing to which we pay less attention than time and air. 我们对时间和空气的不重视超过其它任何事物。 ●…… nothing more than N“…只不过…”。“nothing more than”等于“nothing but”。 Others are dismissed as nothing more than entertainment. 有些只不过是被当做娱乐而不予考虑。 It is nothing more than a made-up story. 它只不过是杜撰的故事而已。 She wishes to be treated as nothing more than a common girl. 她希望被对待得只不过像一般的女孩子。 ●the very same/opposite/reverse(very只是加强语气,没别的意思) He used the very same words as I did.他使用了和我完全相同的字。 He said the very opposite of what I expected.他说了和我预期的完全相反的话 His character is the very reverse/opposite to mine.他的性格和我的完全相反。 ●such as; such … as Birds of prey1(猛禽), such as(=like) the eagle and the hawk, do not lay many eggs. 猛禽如老鹰和飞鹰,通常不下很多蛋。 Her illness is not such(=so serious) as to cause anxiety. 她的病没有严重到可以引起担忧的程度。 1prey vi.捕食;掠夺;折磨n. 捕食;牺牲者;被捕食的动物 ●such that; such … that… His behaviour was such that everyone disliked him.他的态度这样恶劣,以至于大家都讨厌他。 句中such是指示代词,that是连接代词,引导的从句作形容词修饰such. There was such a crowd that we couldn’t even get to the door. 因为人山人海所以我们甚至都无法挤到门口去。 such (a) 是形容词,that从句是状语从句,修饰such,表示程度或结果等。 以上两句若改为so…that,则so 是副词,后接形容词,第二个例句不能改成so a great crowd. ●比较级。。。。+than + V…. 所表示的整个作为名词看 Children should not have more money than (is) needed.小孩儿不可以带有比需要更多的钱。The house cost much more than I could afford.那幢房子比我能付得起的更贵。 这里的than 当成关系代词更好理解。 ●(more)… than… ; than为连词,注意连接的对等性与省略 You are brighter than he (is bright).你比他聪明。 He can run faster than I (can run).他跑得比我更快。 He is trying much more vigorously than ever before. 注意than之后用主格与宾格的区别: You love her more than I (love her).你比我更爱她。 You love her more than (you love) me. 你爱她更甚过爱我。 指一个人、物的两重性时,与rather than相同: His mother is more kind than intelligent.他的母亲与其说是聪明,不如说是仁慈。 =His mother is kind rather than intelligent. 如果表示一个人、物的长宽高等特性,则如下: This window is much wider than it is high.这个窗户的宽度比高度大得多。 He paid more than was demanded.他比要求付出了更多的代价。 这句话中,有的认为是than后省略了it,有些人认为可看成是短语,根本不必插入it. 同样的还有如more valuable than is supposed. ●more of a … than a …; 等于rather than,表示同一人/物的两种性质 He is more of a fool than a knave(无赖,恶棍). (na?ve天真的,幼稚的) =He is a fool rather than a knave. 与其说他是恶汉不如说他是一个笨蛋。 She is more of a woman than a girl. =She is a woman rather than a girl. 与其说她像一个女孩,不如说她更像一个妇女。 ●more…than…can…; more than…can…; He has more money than he can spend.他有花不完的钱。=He cannot spend all his money. That is more than I can tell.那是超越我所能告诉的。=I cannot tell that. 以下是否定命令: Don’t tell him more than you can help.不要告诉他超越了你所必须说的。(不必要的不必告诉他) Don’t be longer than you can help.不要超越比必须更长久的时间。(尽量不要太迟) ●no more than …when 刚要做。。。时就。。。;等于no sooner …than… He had no more than run a few steps when he was shot.他跑了几步就被子弹射中了。 ●as …as any +名词…; 如同。。。一样 He was as brave as any man alive(or in the world).他是一个稀世的勇者。 She was always singing as merily as any lark. 她经常都像百灵鸟那样唱着歌。 ●less…than…; 是more…than…的相反说法。(less是little的比较级) You know less than you think you know.你所知道的比你自己认为知道的更少。 I regard him less as my teacher than as my friend.与其说我认他是老师,不如说我把它认为是朋友。下面三句中,第一句为文言句法,普通会话常用后两句: I was less hurt than (I was) surprised.与其说我受了伤不如说我受了惊吓。 = I was more surprised than hurt. = I was not so much hurt as surprised. ●in proportion as…; according as…; 依照。。。;随。。。 We gain skill in proportion as we practice.我们随练习而获得技巧。(熟能生巧) He is drunk or sober(未醉的,清醒的) according as he wins or loses. 他是醉是醒,完全要看他是赢是输。 You may go or stay, according as you decide.你可以随你的决定或去或留。 以上两个皆为短语介词,后面要接名词或名词从句: We got our payment in proportion as how well we did our work. =We got our payment in proportion to work done.我们依据工作情况而获得报酬。 He will succeed or fail according as he fares(运气,遭遇,经历). =He will succeed or fail according to his luck.他的成功或失败完全要看他的运气。 但在间接疑问句里,可以互换: A sound is often different according to whether it is strongly stressed or not. 声音常因是否有强调而常有差异。 ● A is to B as C is to D Two is to three as four is to six. (2:3=4:6) Reading is to the mind as food is to the body.读书之于精神犹如食物之于身体。 as为连接词,可以被what代替: Two is to three what four is to six. ●As…, so…; 正如。。。,也。。。;犹如。。。一样 As I would not be a slave, so I would not be a master.正如我不愿当奴隶一样,我也不愿当奴隶的主人。As you sow(播种), so you must reap(收获,得到). 种瓜得瓜,种豆得豆。 As our speech, so we are. 我们的人品如何,由言谈可知。 As lungs are to the animal, so are leaves to the plant.肺之作用对于动物犹如叶的作用对于植物一样。 这一句型属文言文法,常用于格言中。日常用语常用just as 来代替。例句4也可改为: Leaves are to the plant as/what lungs are to the animal. ●主句+as+ 从句 He did as he was told. 他按指示做了。 Leave it as it is.照本来的样子放着。 At Rome we must do as the Romans.入乡随俗。(=In Rome do as the Romans do) as 在此为从属连词,引导状词从句,从句和主句的时态可以自由配合: He did as you do.他做了如你通常做的事。 He will do as you did.他将做如你曾做过的事。 He is doing as you did.他正在做如你曾做过的事。 在省略句中有时和like意思相同:He cried as a child (does). He cried like a child. ●主句+as follows/regards/concerns; 可看成as后省了it形式主语,所以as后的三个词均为 动词,且为单数,要加s。as follows列举如下;as regards 关于/至于;as concerns关于/涉及 The terms(条款,术语) are as follows.条件如下。 She is lax(宽松的) as regards allowing her daughters to meet young men. 她放任着她的女儿们和年青的男人们去约会,她实在太宽松了。 ●主句+ as is often the case或as is usual with him 或as is expected; He was absent from school, as is often the case.像常有的情形一样,他缺席了。 He was late for school, as was usual with him.像通常一样他迟到了。 He performed the task with success, as was expected. 如所期望的,他成功地完成了该工作。 注意:as is usual with him可以灵活应用: as is usual/the custom with one/him/her/them/me等;表示“像通常一样” as is expected/supposed/anticipated等;如所期望的那样。 有两种理解:一是把主句看成先行词,as 为关系代词,等于which. He was late for school, as(=which) was usual with him. 二是as 表示manner 的连接词,在as 之后省略了it. He was late for school, as (it) was usual with him. 本句型的短语也可以放在句首: As is often the case, she was absent this morning. 在现在英语中,常按第二种理解方式,it常省略,甚至动词也常省略:as usual, as now, as always, as ever, as before, as elsewhere. He drinks as usual. John, as always, went to the movies alone. ●主句+ as if (= as though)…; (日常用语中as though用得更多一些,都要用虚拟语气) He chatters as if he were a woman.他像女人一样喋喋不休。 as if 从句中常可以把主语和谓语省略: She rushed out of the room as if (she were) in anger with me. She rushed out of the room as if (she were) angry with me. She opened her lips as if (she were going) to speak. The girl listened as if (she were) turned to stone. She smiled as if (she was) dreaming a sweet dream. 从上五例句看出,as if后省略以后可以是:介词短语,形容词,不定式,过去分词和现在分词等。其中,以不定式的省略最为常见,甚至把as if to do sth.看成一个固定短语。(注意,as if 后有时虽是虚拟语气,但单数主语后却不用were,但不要效仿,暂且认为这是错误的) ●like + 从句 Do like I tell you, Handsome! 按我说的做,汉斯。 They don’t marry like we do. 他们不像我们这样子结婚。 like常用介词,很少用连词代替as。这种用法在日常生活中也很常见。 ●(Just)as…, so… Just as some people are born artists, so some are born sportsmen. 正如一些人天生是艺术家一样,一些人是天生的运动员。 just是副词,常可省略 As he made his bed, so he must lie.人是自作自受。