初中英语小课题与研究

初中英语小课题与研究 - 初中英语小课题研究 《初中英语阅读欣赏课》研究 (一)在初中开设阅读欣赏课，是贯彻《英语新课程标准》的要求。 基础教育阶段英语课程的任务是:激发和培养学生学习英语的兴趣，使学生树立自信心，养成良好的学习习惯和形成有效的学习策略，发展自主学习的能力和合作精神;使学生掌握一定的英语基础知识和听、说、读、写技能，形成一定的综合语言运用能力;培养学生的观察、记忆、思维、想象能力和创新精神;帮助学生了解世界和中西方文化的差异，拓展视野，培养爱国主义精神，形成健康的人生观、为他们的终生学习和发展打下良好的基础。阅读，不仅是同学们必须掌握的一种技能，更是他们观察的内容之一，是了解世界和中希望文化差异，拓展视野等的基础手段之一。在《课程标准》的内容标准中，更是明确规定了三、四、五级的阅读目标，其中有一项就是除教材外，课外阅读量应累计达到4万、10万、15万词以上。 (二)在初中开设阅读欣赏课，符合学生的认知规律。 “熟读唐诗三百首，不会作诗也会吟”。众所周知，学语言，语言环境是非常重要的一个因素。有了良好的语言环境，同学们可以 在或主动或被动的情况下，去感知语言，进而理性的学习语言，为听、说、写的技能提高奠定基础。从而才能够在文化意识、情感态度等方面得到提高。 (三)在初中开设阅读欣赏课，顺应素质教育和中、高考改革的需要。 开设阅读欣赏，不仅仅是对阅读能力的培养，也必将促进其他语言应用能力的提高。同时，在阅读中，也可以获取大量信息，陶冶情操，提高综合素质。在目前阶段，无论教育怎么改革，中、高考都是一个不可回避的话题。同样，中、高考也是检验教学效果的一个重要指标。无论中考还是高考，所有题型首先要面对的就是阅读。在近年英语中考试卷中，直接考查学生阅读能力题型的权重不断增加。阅读教学在英语教学中也就愈发重要。 二、 专题研究的主要内容和目标。 研究内容:阅读欣赏课的阅读材料的组织、课堂设计以及阅读任务的设置。 研究目标:摸索、建立一套科学、合理、有效的阅读欣赏课模式。 三、 专题研究的组织。 英语阅读欣赏主题研究的提出得到了我校领导和全体英语教师的重视和认同，英语教研组全员参与。明确课题研究必须从实际从发，发扬务实、创新、高效精神，统一思想，加强学习，勇于实践，广泛开展教学研究，最终促进学生语言综合运用的能力，提高英语中考成绩，从而提高英语教学的整体效果。 四、 课题研究的指导理论及纲要。 贯彻《英语新课程标准》的基本理念，遵循《课标》的课程目标，参照《课标》的实施建议，以《课标》内容标准中语言技能要求为指南，开展教学活动。 1.能正确朗读课文; .-- - 三 2.能理解简短的 书 关于书的成语关于读书的排比句社区图书漂流公约怎么写关于读书的小报汉书pdf 面指令，并根据要求进行学习活动; 3.能读懂简单故事和短文并抓住大意; 级 4.能初步使用简单的工具书; 5.除教材外，课外阅读量应累计达到4万词以上。 1.能连贯、流畅地朗读短文; 2.能读懂说明文等应用文体的材料; 3.能从简单的文章中找出有关信息，理解大意; 4.能根据上、下文猜测生词的意思; 四 5.能理解并解释图 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 提供的信息; 级 6.能理解简易读物中时间发生顺序和人物行为; 7.能读懂简单的个人信件; 8.能使用英汉词典等工具书帮助阅读理解; 9.除教材外，课外阅读量应累计达到10万词以上。 1.能根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词的含义; 2.能理解段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系; 五 3.能找出文章中的主题，理解故事的情节，预测故事情节的发展和可能 的结局; 4.能读懂常见体裁的阅读材料; 级 5.能根据不同的阅读目的运用简单的阅读策略获取信息; 6.能利用字典等工具书进行学习; 7.除教材外，课外阅读量应累计达到15万词以上。 阅读欣赏课题研究分两大块来开展实施: (一)课内。 1. 精读。 2. 阅读理解、完形填空、情景阅读、补全短文等阅读类题型的解题指导。 3. 阅读欣赏课。 (二)课外。 1. 在学校橱窗开辟英语专栏。 2. 在教室黑板报中设立《英语角》专栏。 3. 鼓励学生订阅《英语周报》的英语类报纸杂志。 4. 开展学生自编英语小报活动。 在上列实施活动中，我校研究的重点放在如何开英语阅读欣赏课上。 英语阅读欣赏课研究的过程: (一) 初识阅读欣赏课。 在接触这个课题之初，我们去兄弟学校听了一节阅读欣赏的研究课。教者挑选了五篇短文。在课上，教者显示呈现了一篇短文，然后让同学们通过阅读完成一些教者设计的问题。然后呈现第二篇短文，这样，用同样的程序完成五篇短文。只是每篇短文后所设计的题型有所不同，或是回答问题，或是判断正误，或是选择。在完成了所有短文的任务后，教者进行了总结，归纳出一些阅读技巧。 听完这节课后，我们对这节课进行了讨论。本节课虽然是围绕阅读来进行的。但总的感觉更象是一节阅读理解解题技巧讲解课。通过听课和讨论，我们.-- - 对阅读欣赏课有了初步的认识: 1. 阅读欣赏课应该与阅读理解讲解课有所区别。 既然是阅读欣赏课，就要能在阅读中欣赏，在欣赏中阅读。所以这个课 型的名称就决定了它在形式、内容、方法上要与阅读理解技巧讲解不同。它不 应该是技巧的讲解，而是通过阅读和任务设计，在阅读与欣赏中掌握技巧，运 用技巧在欣赏中阅读。 2. 阅读欣赏课整节课应该是一个有机的整体。 一节阅读欣赏课，应该有一定的容量。那自然应该是好几篇短文。但是 教者需要通过认真的思考和分析，合理设计，使整节课成为一个有机的整体。 如果就是那么读一篇，讲一篇，再读一篇，再讲一篇，那么就会给学生一种为 阅读而阅读的感觉，整节课也就显得比较零散。 (二) 初试阅读欣赏课。 有了基本的看法和认识，我们开始了阅读欣赏课的初步尝试。这次，我们 需要面对的材料依然是五篇短文。字数为1000词左右，面对的是八年级的同学。 五篇短文内容如下: A Sam likes eating fish very much. He often buys fish in the shop and takes them home. One day his wife (妻子) sees the fish and thinks, “Good! No w, I can ask my friends to have lunch and we can eat the fish. They like fish very much. ” When Sam comes home from work in the evening, the fish is not there and his wife says, “Oh, your cat eats it.” And then she gives him some brea d for his supper. Sam is angry(生气). He takes the cat and his wife to a s hop near his house and weighs(称)the cat. Then he turns to his wife and s ays, “My fish weighs one kilo. The cat weighs one kilo, too. My cat is here, you see, then, where is my fish? ” B Mark Twain was asked one day if he could remember the first money he ever earned .He thought a long time before answering, and then said , “Yes, it was at school , I can remember everything about it. Schoolboys in those days didn’t respect their teachers and didn’t take good care of their desks and chairs. They often used knives to cut words or something on them. But if they did so , they would be beaten in front of the whole school, or would have to pay five dollars to the school.” “One day I did such a thing and I had to ask my father what to choose----to be beaten or to pay five dollars. My father said it would be too bad to lose face in front of the whole school, so he decided to give me five dollars to hand over to the teacher. But before giving me the money ,he took me t o his room and gave me a good beating. But as I had one beating and got used to it. I decided I would take another beating at school and keep the five dollars. So that was the first money I ever earned.” C The koala is an Australian animal. It has gray and brown fur(毛皮). And the fur on its belly(腹部) is white. Koalas eat, sleep in eucalyptus trees(桉 .-- - 树). They almost never get down the trees. They are active(活跃的) at night and sleep during the day. People often think that koalas are friendly animals because they look very cute. But they may scratch(乱抓) people if they are n ot happy. They have sharp claws(利爪). So please be friendly to them. In the past(过去), koalas were often hunted(猎获) because of their beautiful, soft an d thick(软而厚实) fur. Now they are a protected species(保护动物) and it's ill egal(非法的) to hunt them. We need koalas and other animals, they are our dear friends! D Dogs are friends of man. They work for us. They hunt with us. They also play with us. But a long time ago, all over the world, dogs were wild. Dogs can go back to the Stone Age. All dogs had the same ancestor (祖先). It is believed that this ancestor was much like a wolf. Other animals, like fox, also came from this ancestor. Thousands of years ago, man began to tame (使 驯服) the wild dogs. When the dogs were tamed, they were trained (训练) w ell. The strong dogs then became working animals. They were trained to pull heavy loads (担子). They learned to keep watching over sheep and other animals. Working dogs could do other things, too. Some dogs were not strong. But they could help man hunt. Other dogs were best at pets. At first, there were only a few kinds of dogs. Today, there are more than 100 kinds. E Bill Gates was born on October 28, 1955. He grew up in Seattle, Washi ngton. Bill Gates was named William Henry after his father and grandfather. He was a very clever boy. His favorite subjects at school were science and math. When people asked him what he wanted to be in the future, he always said, “A scientist.” When he was 13 years old, Bill started to play with computers. At that time, computers were very large machines. Once he was interested in a very old computer. He and some of his friends spent lots of time doing unusual things with it. In the end, they worked out a software program with the old ma chine. Bill sold it for 4,200 dollars when he was only 17. In 1973, Bill went to Harvard University. At Harvard, he developed the BASIC language for the first microcomputer. In his third year, he left Harvard to work for a company called Microsoft. Bill began this company in 1975 with his friend Paul Allen. They thought that the computer would be a very important tool(工具)in every office and in every home, so they began developing software for personal computers. They improved the software to make it easier for people to use computers. In 1999, Bill wrote a book called Business @ the Speed of Thought. In the book he told people how computer technology could solve business problems in new ways. It was one on the best-sellers of the New York Times list. 按照我们对阅读欣赏课的理解，首先要做的第一件事情，就是要把五篇独 立的小短文有机的联系在一起，各篇章之间过渡要自然。通过对短文的认真分 析，我们觉得第一篇短文对于八年级的同学来说，阅读没有什么难度，所以我 .-- - 们对文章进行了挖空，使之成为一篇听力练习。其余四篇文章分成了两组，C和D两篇都是关于动物的，B和E两篇是关于人物的。第一篇短文中，出现了猫。在处理完第一篇短文后，自然的从猫，可以问同学们是否喜欢猫，然后引出狗，自然就过渡到了关于狗和考拉的这两篇文章。处理完这两篇文章后，自然谈到宠物，然后用一个很吸引同学们的问题:“你知道世界上谁养鲸做宠物吗,”又非常自然地引出比尔盖茨和马克吐温这两篇文章上。这样，整个课堂就成为了一个有机的成体。 在阅读任务的设计上，为了区别与考试中的阅读理解。避免同学们对阅读理解的厌烦，甚至逆反，我们避免了采用选择填空、判断正误等题型，力争给同学们以新鲜感，能更轻松地带着欣赏的心情去阅读。由于是阅读欣赏课，第一篇短文在完成听力填空的任务后，我们还是设置了回答问题的任务。由于后面有两篇是关于动物的，两篇是关于人物的。我们就设计了比较阅读的任务。两种动物比较，设计比较 表格 关于规范使用各类表格的通知入职表格免费下载关于主播时间做一个表格详细英语字母大小写表格下载简历表格模板下载 很容易。对于两个人物，碰巧的是，文章中都提到了他们所赚的第一笔钱，我们也就抓住这一点，设计了比较的内容。然后针 对比尔盖茨的这篇文章中比较多的出现了年代，我们设计了一项任务，让同学们画出一条时间线，标出比尔盖茨在不同时间所做的事情。为了了解同学们对文章的理解程度，在每组文章后，我们也都设计了一些回答问题。在本节课的最后，设计了几个问题，让同学们能通过回答问题，写出一篇小短文，突出环保主题。 整节课设计好后，我们在校内选择了一个班进行了尝试。一节课上下来，同学们基本反应还比较好。表现出了相当的兴趣。我们针对课堂设计进行了一定的调整。第一个问题是，一节课中出现了四次回答问题，显得单调重复，有点影响同学们的学习兴趣。我们就把中间的两次回答问题删除了。把本节课所涉及的几篇文章归纳出了一篇小短文，中间空掉了几个词，让同学们把它补全。第二个问题是，关于两个人物的比较。八年级的同学自己总结填写表格，在语言组织上有一定的困难。我们就稍微做了一点调整，把语句给出来，让同学们把它们填到正确的位置。 (三) 探索阅读欣赏课。 在初次尝试中取得的成功，让我们尝到了阅读欣赏课的甜头，也坚定了我们继续阅读欣赏课的决心。通过尝试，我们感觉到阅读欣赏课的课堂整体性是十分必要而有效的。也是我们在以后的阅读欣赏课中必须坚持的。当然，我们也有一些困惑。就是阅读欣赏课中的任务究竟采取什么形式，该如何来设置。就这个问题，我们展开了研讨、学习，并且在平时的日常教学中进行探索，逐步认识到一点。正如我们谈到教学时都明白“教学有法，教无定法”一样，好的任务设置，要把握文章的特点，能够帮助同学们掌握学习策略，理解文章的重点难点。在思路基本清晰之后。我们又在七年级进行了研究探索。这次我们要面对的是四篇短文，字数约600词左右。短文内容如下: A My name is Andrew. I’m a boy. I’m from the UK. I live in China with my parents. I go to No. 8 Middle School in Beijing this term (学期). And now I have some Chinese friends. They are all friendly to me. My favorite te acher is my Chinese teacher, Miss Wang. She’s helpful. I can speak a little Chinese now and I help my friends with English , learn Chinese from them. Now we learn more. My friends and I can talk in English and I can talk in .-- - English , Chinese. We are all happy. B One Sunday afternoon Mr. Green and his child, Mary, are in a big shop. Mr. Green likes Mary and wants to buy a new dress for her. Mary doesn’t like the new dress. She likes something to eat. So her father buys two kilos(公 斤) of apples for her. Mary wants to bu y some picture-books and colored pe ncils, too. There are many things and many people in the shop. They are men and women, old and young. They all want to do shopping there. The people in the shop are very friendly. C Sam likes eating fish very much. He often buys fish in the shop and takes them home. One day his wife (妻子) sees the fish and thinks, “Good! No w, I can ask my friends to have lunch and we can eat the fish. They like fish very much. ” When Sam comes home from work in the evening, the fish is not there and his wife says, “Oh, your cat eats it.” And then she gives him some brea d for his supper. Sam is angry(生气). He takes the cat and his wife to a s hop near his house and weighs(称)the cat. Then he turns to his wife and s ays, “My fish weighs one kilo. The cat weighs one kilo, too. My cat is here, you see, then, where is my fish? ” D Here are two pictures. A man and a boy are in one picture. Who are they? Let me tell you. The man is Mr. White, and the boy’s name is Bill. He’s the man’s son. Now they are in Bill’s bedroom. We can see some Chinese books in the desk. And on the bed is a shirt. It’s Bill’s. His trousers are on it, under his shirt, too. Now let’s look at the other picture. You can see a woman and a girl in it. The woman is Bill’s mother and she’s in her daughter, Ann’s room. You can see a photo of the Whites on the white wall. Between the windows is a desk. A clock is on the desk. It’s eleven. What’s that on the floor? Oh, it’s Ann’s hat, but it looks like a brown hat 有了前面的学习和探索，我们的观念已经有所改变。面对这四篇短文，我 们觉得依然要坚持贯彻在设计上要强调课堂的整体性。对于文章的内容，我们 贯彻“用教材教，而不是教教材”的理念。因此我们对文章的内容进行了适当 的改变。改变后内容如下: A My name is Yaoming. I am a boy. I'm from C________. I live in the U________ with my parents now. I play b________ in NBA this year. And now I have some A________ friends. They are f_________ to me. My favorite teammate(队友) is McGrady.He's helpful(乐于助人的)。I can speak a little E________ now and I help my friends with C________ & learn English from them. Now we learn more.My friends and I can t________ in English and I can talk in English and I can talk in English and Chinese. We are all happ .-- - y. B Here are two pictures. A man and a boy are in one picture. Who are they? Let me tell you. The man is Mr. White, and the boy’s name is Bill. He’s the man’s son. Now they are in Bill’s bedroom. We can see some Chinese books in the desk. And on the bed is a shirt. It’s Bill’s. His trousers are on it, under his shirt, too. Now let’s look at the other picture. You can see a woman and a girl in it. The woman is Bill’s mother and she’s in her daughter, Ann’s room. You can see a photo of the Whites on the white wall. Between the windows is a desk. A clock is on the desk. It’s eleven. What’s that on the floor? Oh, it’s Ann’s hat, but it looks like a brown hat C One Sunday afternoon My wife, Ye Li, and I are in a big shop. I love Y e Li and want to buy a new dress for her. Ye Li doesn’t like the new dress. She likes something to eat. So I buy two kilos(公斤) of apples for her. Ye Li wants to buy some picture-books and colored pencils, too. There are many things and many people in the shop. They are men and women, old and yo ung. They all want to do shopping there. The people in the shop are very friendly. D Sam likes eating fish very much. He often buys fish in the shop and takes them home. One day his wife (妻子) sees the fish and thinks, “Good! No w, I can ask my friends to have lunch and we can eat the fish. They like fish very much. ” When Sam comes home from work in the evening, the fish is not there and his wife says, “Oh, your cat eats it.” And then she gives him some bread for his supper. Sam is angry(生气). He takes the cat and his wife to a sh op near his house and weighs(称)the cat. Then he turns to his wife and sa ys, “My fish weighs one kilo. The cat weighs one kilo, too. My cat is here, you see, then, where is my fish? ” 对文章的内容和顺序进行了调整之后，我们在设计本节课的时候，充分借 助了多媒体 课件 超市陈列培训课件免费下载搭石ppt课件免费下载公安保密教育课件下载病媒生物防治课件 可下载高中数学必修四课件打包下载 。这样不但使得整节课成为了一个有机的整体，也增强了课堂 的趣味性，更有利于同学们在欣赏中阅读。 我们又充分研究每篇文章的重点。根据文章的不同特点设计了针对性的任 务。第一篇短文，我们在阅读中检查同学们的一些基本尝试的了解，以及对语 言的感知和运用能力。第二篇针对文中出现比较多的人物和介词词组，任务重 点考察对人物关系和介词词组的理解和掌握情况。并学会抓主要信息及词语的 学习策略，比较中西方习惯差异。第三篇短文设计的任务侧重培养同学们对文 中出现的信息进行筛除处理的能力。并针对文章比较短的实际，又对文章进行 了一些拓展，利用听力训练的形式进一歩学习对信息进行分析处理的能力。第 .-- - 四篇文章，在以前的阅读欣赏课上，我们已经用过。但当时是八年的同学用的。而这次的对象是七年级的同学。针对七年级同学英语水平和理解能力的实际，我们在阅读本文前设计了一个小游戏，准备了三个相同的盒子，让同学们用不同的办法来判定玩具在哪个盒子里，这样从很大程度上帮助同学们理解了weigh the cat的目的，从而达到对文章的理解。 全面培养同学们听、说、读、写的能力没错。但在一节课中，必须要突出重点。要舍得并敢于放弃一些东西。 (四) 享受阅读欣赏课。 经过学习、探索和实践。让我们真正认识了解了阅读欣赏课。对于同学们来讲，阅读欣赏课不仅是学习英语的机会，也是在欣赏中提高阅读技巧、掌握学习策略、丰富文化知识等等的良好机会。对于教师来说，设计阅读欣赏课富于挑战性，锻炼创新思维能力，是一种创造性的劳动。所以对于教师和同学们来讲，都是一种享受。在享受中，我们也逐步探索出一种更为合理科学的阅读 欣赏课的设计实施模式。那就是:明确主题 明确要培养同学们掌握的技能和策略 挑选(改写或撰写)合适的文章 整体设计课堂环节 设计课堂任务 实施教学 根据这个模式，我们尝试设计了一堂阅读欣赏课。2008年，29届奥运会将在中国北京举行。借助这个主题，我们利用奥运火炬的传递路线来贯彻整节课。在本节课中，我们将培养同学们把握主线、分析处理信息、使用工具书等策略和能力。结 合同 劳动合同范本免费下载装修合同范本免费下载租赁合同免费下载房屋买卖合同下载劳务合同范本下载 学们的兴趣和爱好，挑选了奥运、巴黎旅游小贴士、迪斯尼乐园广告、刘翔介绍等文章。 六、 专题研究的成果。 各级研究课、公开课;教学设计;教后记;多媒体课件等。 七、 质量与效果分析。 研究结果分析: 经过课题组全体成员的共同努力，在《新课标》的指导下，初中阅读欣赏课的基本模式已经形成，并在实践中取得了比较好的效果。扩充了同学们的阅读量，增强了同学们阅读的兴趣。阅读欣赏课的框架模式学校中取得了比较好的反响，并体现了一定的示范、辐射作用。 研究的自我评价: 在我校的课题研究过程中，校领导给予了大力的关心、支持和帮助。课题组成员能不计较个人得失，一切为了英语教育事业，充分发挥了团队的作用。在课题研究中还充分发扬和体现了创新精神，在课堂设计和任务设置上敢于创新，.-- - 敢于尝试，最终形成了自己的特色。但由于课时的限制，也由于自身认识的局限性，在研究过程中还难免有患得患失的思想。对阅读欣赏课尝试的量上还有欠缺。 收获和体会: 通过专题研究，我们自身得到了锻炼和成长。更深刻的学习理解了《新课程标准》。同时我们也体会到了做一名教育工作者，而不是一名教书匠的意义和乐趣。感受到了集体的力量和作用。 九、 进一步要研究的问题。 (一) 在英语组共同努力下形成七、八、九年级系列化阅读主题。 (二) 通过探索形成系统、科学、有效的阅读任务设置模式。 (三) 收集整理，形成阅读欣赏课的校本教材。 .--