[美语发音视频教程].ProNunciation.Workshop.Training

[美语发音视频教程].ProNunciation.Workshop.Training Session One 1. Consonant R 2. Consonant W R Tips Your mouth and lips come forward, like you are going to kiss. Your tongue moves back in your mouth, NOT forward. R at the beginning of words Rock Rip Reach Road Rain Rich Rome Raise Robe Rice R at the end of words or after a vowel Car Far Star Door Bear Four Air Year Turn Poor R in the middle of words Very Direction Arrange Erase Correct Marry Garage Original Hurry Zero Marine Berry Operation Caring Arrive Everyone R sentence The round rooster rushed into the wrong road. R Blends R is the strongest sound of the blend. When the blend is at the beginning of a word, your mouth prepares for the R, by coming forward before you even say the word. R blends at the beginning of words Training Trust Trip Great Tropical Bring Print President Product Cracker Crawl Break R blends in the middle of words Subtract Waitress Nutrition Australia Introduce Compress Oppression Betray R practice sentences The story he read on the radio was incorrect. Her career in the law firm is permanent. Richard and Brooke took a ride in their brand new Range Rover truck. Everyone will respect the Royal Family when they arrive at the airport. The trip to the Rocky Mountains will be rescheduled on Friday. W Tips Practice first with OO. Then go into OOOOOWAWAWA. Remember, A W is always makes a W sound. It NEVER makes a V sound. W Sentence What will we do? Comparing R and W Rick – Wick Right – White Remember, the W sound is also at the beginning of the words One and Once. W at the beginning of words Why Which When What Wipe Wish Weight Wing W in the middle of words Always Away Beware Rewind Awake Someone Halloween Hollywood W practice sentences The wind from the west was very wet. (Notice very has a /v/ sound) We woke up and washed the white washcloth. We waited for the waitress to give us water. We had a wonderful time in Washington and Wisconsin. Q words (produced as a KW sound) Question Quiet Queen Qualify Quit Quebec Quilt Choir Paragraph Practice Ray was born in Russia. He dreamed of building the perfect roller coaster at the Grand Canyon in Arizona. He had a friend named Fred who lived in Norway. Fred’s profession was designing railroad tracks and his career involved traveling around the world. Ray thought it would be perfect if Fred designed his roller coaster ride. Fred was creative, brilliant and worked well with railroad tracks. He would be the perfect engineer for the project. The ride took two years to construct and was painted red and white. Everyone really wanted to ride the brand-new roller coaster. Session Two 1. Voicing 2. Consonant pairs 3. Consonant S 4. Consonant Z Voicing Voicing is when your vocal cords are vibrating in your throat, creating a buzzing sound. Say Ahhhh. Can you feel the vibrations in your neck? All vowels are voiced. Some consonants are voiced, some are not. Paired Consonants: P&B T&D F&V SH&ZSH K&G S&Z Three rules for S&Z endings Rule 1 If a word ends in a sound that is unvoiced (such as P, T, K, F), you add an unvoiced /S/ Examples: 1 cup, 2 cups (the p in cup is unvoiced, so you just add an unvoiced s) 1 cat, 2 cats (the t in cat is unvoiced, so just add an unvoiced s) I break, he breaks I stop, he stops Rule 2 If a word ends in any of these sounds: s, z, sh, ch, or dg (j), when adding an S ending, add IZZZZZZ Examples: 1 Page 2 Pages 1 Bus 2 Buses 1 Lunch 2 Lunches I Raise, He Raises I Brush, He Brushes I Push, He Pushes Rule 3 If a word ends in a vowel sound (like the word Tree) or a voiced consonant (like the word Game), then when you add an S, continue the voicing throughout the entire word, and it should become a voiced ZZZZ. Examples: 1 Tree, 2 Treezzzz (correctly spelled Trees) 1 Day, 2 Days 1 Shoe, 2 Shoes I Fly, He Flies 1 Game, 2 Games 1 Head, 2 Heads 1 Train, 2 Trains 1 Song, 2 Songs Some common words where S’s are pronounced as Z’s IS HIS AS WAS THESE THOSE EASY BECAUSE Paragraph Practice Notice that all voiced S/Z sounds are underlined. Another zippy, zappy, crazy day comes to a close. As we zoom up to Joe’s snooze zone, Zoe Jones of Zodiac Zoo plays with her zipper. Last week, Jim’s brothers were picked to represent their country in the Olympic Games. Two of the brothers were swimmers, while the other two were long distance runners. All of the brothers wore glasses. These athletes worked hard at qualifying for the games and were hoping to come home with prizes. Since the brothers go to the same university, they often take the same courses. This makes studying easier and gives them more time to do other things. On Thursday, I had a very lazy day. I woke up early and first squeezed oranges into juice. I then got dressed and watched the sunrise come up over the mountains. It was so beautiful that I took many pictures with my camera and I used three rolls of film. After drinking two cups of coffee, I got dressed, left the house, and walked three miles home. Session Three 1. The Unvoiced TH Sound 2. The Voiced TH Sound 3. THR Blends 4. Voicing the T Sound The Unvoiced TH Sound Flat tongue protruding through your teeth. Maintain a steady air stream. Stretch out the TH sound. Example: Think of the word Thumb as having two beats Th . umb 1 2 Unvoiced TH at the beginning of words Thanks Thick Thunder Thursday Think Unvoiced TH at the middle of words Anything Bathmat Toothpick Athletic Mouthwash Unvoiced TH at the end of words Bath North Beneath Fourth South The Voiced TH Sound Voiced TH at the beginning of words The (The book) That (That house) They (They came over) Them (Give them water) There (There it is) This (This is my nose) Those (Those boys are good) These (These are my parents) Voiced TH in the middle of words Clothing Leather Mother Another Weather Northern Voiced TH at the end of words Smooth Bathe Breathe Practice Phrases This and that A tablecloth Winter clothing Athens, Greece That’s the one Her skin is smooth Thirty Day’s notice A famous author Here and there False teeth Thread the needle A thoughtful gift Thunder and lightening Thumbs up Practice Sentences Thelma arrived in town last Thursday. I’m having trouble threading this needle. I need 33 thick thermometers. The thing they like best about Athens is the weather. This thrilling novel was written by a famous author. He will be through with his work at three-thirty. Now and then, she likes to buy new clothing. They thought they were going to Northern Spain. Which tablecloth shall we use for the party? That was the thirty-third theatre to open. THR Blends Thread (thread the needle) Throw (throw the ball) Throat (my throat is sore) Thrill (a thrilling ride) Three (three more days) Threw (he threw the ball) Throne (the king sits on a throne) Paragraph Practice Nurse Thatcher was thankful it was Thursday. She knew that on Thursday she had to deliver 33 boxes of thermometers to the North American Athletic Club. They thought that thermometers were necessary for testing the hydrotherapy baths. This was thought to benefit the athletes with arthritis. The athletic trainers required authorization to provide hydrotherapy to the youthful athletes on the three bulletin boards with thumbtacks throughout the athletic club. Rather than risk the health of the athletes, they thoroughly checked the thousands of thermometers to insure their worthiness; otherwise they needed to be thrown away. TH Exceptions Although the following words are spelled with a ‘TH’, they are pronounced as a T. Thomas Thompson Theresa Thailand Thames Esther Thyme Voicing the T Sound If a T falls within two voiced sounds (usually vowels), the T becomes voiced like a D. Examples: Water Wader (the whole word is voiced) Better Bedder Butter Budder Voiced T Practice Betty bought a bit of better butter. But, said she, this butter’s bitter. If I put it in my batter, it’ll make my batter bitter. Session Four 1. Consonant ‘F’ 2. Consonant ‘V’ 3. The Unvoiced ‘SH’ Sound 4. The Voiced ‘ZSH’ Sound Consonants F and V are produced with contact of your upper teeth and lower lip. Think of it as biting your lower lip. Maintain a steady air stream. They are both identical, except the F is unvoiced, and the V is voiced. Practice Words with ‘F’ Foot Find Finally Family Freedom Laugh Telephone Symphony Rough Practice Sentences Do you feel like a physical wreck? Are you fed up with your feeling of fatigue? Have you had enough of feeling rough? Why don’t you fight fever with Pharaoh’s Friend. A medicine that is tough on Flu. Practice Words with ‘V’ Vote Vine Oven Evaluate Voice Travel River Every Glove Alive Leave Comparing F and V Feel – Veal Safe – Save Fat – Vat Fine – Vine Face – Vase Fan – Van Foul – Vowel Proof – Prove Practice Phrases A famous athlete A food vendor The Foreign Service Summer vacation Vocabulary test Over the rainbow Our first victory Harvard University Husband and wife Very well done Practice Sentences Her promotion in the firm was well deserved. There was only one survivor on the island. Steve noticed that the olive juice must have stained his sleeve. The street vendor was selling souvenirs to tourists. Dave gave me his car so that I could drive on New Year’s Eve. There were several dents in the rear fender. Tom placed several tomatoes from the vine into a basket. NOT OF. BUT OV. The Unvoiced SH Sound To make the Unvoiced SH sound, bring your mouth and lips forward, teeth should be slightly apart. Produce air stream. Words beginning with SH begin with this sound. (So are the words Sugar, Sure, Chef and Chicago.) SH practice words Beginning She Sugar Sure Shadow Sheep Shirt Shoe Shape Chicago Chef Middle Nation Motion Mission Special Reputation Official Machine Fishing Insurance Sunshine Ocean Tissue Addition Subtraction End Rush Dish Establish Splash Irish Fresh Finish SH Sentences The fishing trip was planned and we left to go to the ocean. Was the chef ashamed to use the precious sugar? Sharon gave a special performance. He will be stationed in Washington, D.C, the nation’s capital. She went to a fashion show after taking a shower. She sells seashells by the seashore. The social club was praised for their cooperation. SH Practice Joe’s weather machine shows a sharp drop in air pressure, especially offshore. Ships in motion on the ocean should be sure to use caution. The Voiced ZSH Sound The Voiced ZSH sound is exactly like the SH except voicing is added. Usual(Uzshual) ZSH practice words Middle Usual Unusual Usually Vision Visual Conclusion Asia Version Division Casual Television End Beige Massage Prestige Practice Sentences It’s not unusual for people to study division in Asia. I usually use a measuring cup to measure erosion. The beige walls were the usual color in the treasury building. List things that are appropriate for each column. Then say them out loud in full sentences for practice. Example: It’s usually hot in the summer. It’s unusual for me to be late for an appointment. Usually Unusual Hot in the summer Late for appointments Session Five 1. Consonant L L Tips: Your bottom jaw should be as wide open as possible. Your tongue should RISE UP (independently of your jaw) and touch right behind your top teeth. Produce the ‘L’ sound by dropping and relaxing your tongue. Practice “LA, LA, LA”, keeping your bottom jaw lowered and open while only raising your tongue. L at the beginning of words Lunch Local London Learn Large Life Lobby Library Lucky Lift Laugh Long L in the middle of words Inflation Believe Volume Glue Elevator Solve Pulling Flood Delete Elect Alive Color L at the end of a word To produce an L at the end of a word, remember to slowly raise your tongue upward, towards your upper teeth, while keeping your bottom jaw as open as possible. The L sound comes from the tongue movement, not from the placement. (Using your finger to push down on your bottom teeth to keep your jaw open, may be helpful for practicing.) Practice words Will Ball Tall Call Small Control Bowl Apple Miracle Powerful Control Financial People L Sentences The lollipop fell into the cool water. Her driver’s license was pulled out of the blue golf bag. Blake’s bowling ball fell under his tools. Carl could not locate the lemons or the limes. The school was a mile away from the hill. The golf club was made of steel. Al’s goal was to play baseball with Carol. A certified letter was delivered for the enrollment list. It was revealing to look at the smiling lawyer. FL Blend Poem A flea and a fly, flew up in a flue. Said the flea, “Let us fly!” Said the fly, “Let us flee!” So they flew through a flaw in the flue. Practice using Will Will you empty the garbage? Will you ask her to clean the kitchen? Will you prepare a meal for the children? When will you begin your studies at college? When will she purchase the dress for her wedding? Why will he ask them to stay late at work? Why will she bring her baby to the meeting? How will they know if our flight is delayed? Where will the child be going next year? Where will they put all of the pillows? What will she do with the millions of dollars she won? Comparing R and L Red - Led Rick - Lick Reef - Leaf Rear - Lear Rest - Less Grass - Glass Crime - Climb Free - Flee L and R Combinations Seal ring Toll road Already Civil rights Railroad Rivalry Coral reef Jewelry Schoolroom Gravel road Session Six 1.Word Endings Make sure that the final sounds in your words come through clearly and fully. Don’t drop off or shorten the endings! P endings I hope the group will sleep on the ship. The soda pop spilled out of the cup, over the map and onto her lap. Was the Egg Drop Soup cheap? B endings We cleaned the cobweb from the doorknob in the bathtub. Rob broke his golf club when he slipped on the ice cube. The crab was under the cement slab at the yacht club. The ticket stub was found in the taxicab. T endings Kate left her cat on the mat as she flew a kite. The sailboat came into the port to join the fleet. What bait will make the fish bite? A cricket or a piece of meat? D endings Fred will decide which sled should be painted red. David tried to send a refund back to England. He could not hide his report card behind the chalk board. Three rules for ED endings Many verbs that are in the past tense end in ED. (Example: Today I walk, yesterday I walked) Rule 1 If a word ends in an unvoiced consonant, when adding ED, just add an Unvoiced T Example: Today I jump, yesterday I jumped. (pronounced jump T) Today I walk, yesterday I walked. (pronounced walk T) Rule 2 If a word ends in a voiced consonant, add a Voiced D Example: Today I rub, yesterday I rubbed. (pronounced rub-D) I cleaned the kitchen. I poured the milk. I scrubbed the floor. I tagged the clothing. I spilled some juice. I trimmed the tree. I moved to California. The clock buzzed all night. Rule 3 If a word ends in a T or a D sound, we add a Voiced ED Example: Today, I lift the ball. Yesterday, I lifted the ball. I heated up my dinner. He voted this morning. He handed me his report. I traded in my old car. She added some information. All voiced D endings are underlined to help you remember to add voicing. Bob raked the leaves and then started to wash his car. He then loaded up the dishwasher and finished washing his dishes. Susan spilled her drink on the spotted rug. She cleaned it up with a napkin, which wasted a lot of time. He thanked me and offered me money, if I picked up the used equipment. Three Nasal Sounds: M N NG Practice Ng endings Ring Sing Thing Bring Practice sentences I have a feeling that she is working too much. She has been wearing a hearing aid so that she could sing. He is looking forward to speaking at the Thanksgiving celebration. Session Seven 1. CH sound 2. The American J sound (DG) 3. Consonant H CH Unvoiced as in Ch-ur-ch American J Voiced as in J-u-dge Ch at the beginning of words China Cherry Charge Chocolate Challenge Cheese Chunk Chairman Ch in the middle of words Key chain Lunch box Richard Picture Teacher Fortune Nature Beach ball Ch at the end of words Detach Teach Porch March Patch Wrench Coach Approach Ch exercise Chop-chop, children, it’s Charlie’s Kitchen adventure! Today, Chuck will be teaching future champion cooks how to make a chocolate cheesecake. American J at the beginning of words Juice Jump Juggle Jury Japan Giant Genetic Junior Generate German American J in the middle of words Algebra Legend Magic Subject Digest Rejoice Objective Majesty Educate Suggestion American J at the end of words Age College Postage Stage Pledge Village Average Page Courage Knowledge American J exercise A German judge and jury have charged and jailed a strange giant, who sat on the edge of a bridge throwing jelly onto large barges. Consonant H When an H is at the beginning of a word it is pronounced with a strong, loud air-stream. Practice: Ha... Ha… Ha. H at the beginning of words Hand Hide Hope Hair House Harvard Honey Happy Who Whole H word pairs Old- Hold Is- His It- Hit At- Hat Arm- Harm Ill- Hill Ate- Hate As- Has H in the middle of words Ahead Behave Anyhow Inhale Downhill Dehydrate Wholehearted Overhaul H exercise He thought that he should…. Wash the car. Thank his teacher. Watch television. Use the telephone. Shut the door. Breathe deeply. (Voiced TH) Tell the truth. Henry the hungry hippo, who hogged a huge heap of one hundred hamburgers, has had hiccups for one whole week. Session Eight 1. American English Vowels 2. Vowel EE 3. Vowel I The best way to learn American vowels is by Ear Training. Listen carefully and repeat. Front Vowels: (From high to low) EE as in Heat I as in Hit AE as in Hate EH as in Het (nonsense word) A as in Hat Back Vowels: (From high to low) OO as in Boot U as in Book OW as in Boat AW as in Bought AH as in Bot (nonsense word) Comparing Heat (EE) and Hit (I) Remember: Heat is high. Hit is lower. Heat – Hit Keen – Kin Deal – Dill Seek – Sick Seen – Sin Reap – Rip Teal - Till Bean –Been (Bean is high. I ate a bean. Been is low. I have been here.) EE Vowel Sound Remember, smile and think high. See Me Each Even Key Green Tree Very Happy Softly Mary Busy Finally Country EE Practice Speeding on the Freeway Happily eating cheese He and She Skiing very Rapidly She sees a monkey eating honey. We see a pony stealing money. Who can he see? It must be me! I Vowel Sound Bit Bill Lift Fizz Kitchen Build Bigger Chimp Fifth Listen Business Fist Display Filming Live Fish Discuss Fig Fifty Been EE and I Practice (All EE sounds are underlined.) The beans have been cooking since six o’clock. Sit in that seat by the window. We ate our meal, by the mill. The seal will live in the ocean. Tim’s team grinned after seeing the green field. Pip and Pete shipped the sheep cheaply. Those bins are for Bill’s beans. Does Jim still steal Jill’s jeans? The girls put concrete on Jill’s sneakers. Pick cherries at their peak or you will eat the pits. Session Nine 1. Vowel OW 2. Vowel AE Vowel O The Hidden W: OWE, OWE, OWE, OWE, OWE O Vowel Sound Open Oatmeal Blown Bold Owner Phone Cold Robe Coach Rotate Loan Slow Road Roam O Practice How did you know that? I don’t know where the hole is on the coat. Does Joe know how to drive on the road? I need to blow my nose when I have a cold. Has it ever snowed in Rhode Island? Cold winds will slowly blow snow over most of Ohio. This low is no joke. So folks, don’t go out without coats! Woke and Wont Practice: WOWOWOWOWO Woke = WOW + K Won’t = WOW + ‘NT I want the ball. I won’t give you the ball. She wants to sleep. She woke up. He wants to buy a car. He won’t buy a car. They want to speak with you. He won’t speak with you. Vowel AE Age Aid Eight Able Chain Date Eighteen Fake Lazy Made Baby Gain Change Gave Nation Day Paper Angel Basic Face AE Practice The ape gave the trainer a cane. David began shaving when he was eighteen. The rainbow appeared when daylight changed. The baby snake lived in a painted cage. My neighbors basement was changed from blue to beige. Hey, take away the strain! Weigh the gains of a great break with Lazy Day Vacations. Lines are open eight till late. They aim to make your day! The 50 United States (Stressed sounds are in bold) Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming Session Ten 1. Vowel OO 2. Vowel UH 3. Vowel EH OO Vowel Sound Blue Booth News Juice Loosen Ruler Food Choose Mood Moving Loop Knew Tooth Smooth Pool Moon Shoes Zoo Grew Room OO Practice The room in the school was very cool. Tuesday at noon in the studio. Viewing the moon on June nights. Do you remember the woman who lived in a shoe? She hadn’t a clue what to do when her family grew. Well, through your help, they are moving in June into two big boots. Double OO words that are pronounced as UH Food has a high vowel (OO) Foot has a lower vowel (UH) UH Vowel Sound (that are spelled with OO) Foot Took Cook Shook Stood Good Look Book Wool Swoosh Lower vowel (Uh) Wood Would you help me? Hollywood, California UH Practice (All OO sounds are in boldface, all UH sounds are underlined.) He took a good look under the hood and found a flute. Julie enjoys good books after school. He put his foot in the new boot. She took her students to the brook to wash their shoes. We pulled him out of the swimming pool. The fool ate until he was full. EH Vowel Sounds Egg Get Friend Next Entrance Better Healthy Lettuce Wrench Spread Best Ready Every Red Exit Check Fence Headset Necklace Wealth EH Practice Resting on the edge of the bed. Ten letters from the enemy. Dennis will enter the festival. The message was given to the chef. Hello again, friends! Let’s do a weather check. Well, whoever said temperatures are getting better, better get ready to spend a wet weekend in Tennessee. Session Eleven 1. Vowel AU as in Out 2. Vowel AH as in Top 3. Vowel A as in Hat A Vowel Sound Back Dad Fax Value Sat Hatch Jacket Taxi Apple Catch Rabbit Tack A Practice The fat cat wore a jacket. Pack your sack and bring your magnet. He sang about an actor named Jack. AU Vowel Sound This is an important sound! If mispronounced, it can often make you misunderstood. Begin this sound with the A sound as in hat… Then, slide your mouth forward to form a small W sound. Example: Downtown. DA – wn…TA – wn AU Practice Now House Round Loud Gown Sound Ouch Out Found South Ounce Rebound Mouth Bounce Flower Thousand Spout Count The brown couch is downstairs. Her house is on the South side of the mountain. I was proud of the sounds that came out of my mouth. Are VS Our Are (Close with strong R sound, tongue retracts back.) Are you going? Our (Begin with the AU sound (A as in Hat), Then close your mouth and say Were.) Think of the word Our as having two syllables. Pronounced as AU-WERE (The word Hour is also pronounced the same way). Are/Our Practice Sentences Are you going to our house? Sales are down, but our projections for next year are very good. Our plans will be changing in the next hour. Are you sure that our meeting will be an hour late? AH Vowel Sound O words that are pronounced with AH Hot Top Stop Probably Follow Not Blob Sock Mop Product Solve Problem AH Practice (AH sounds are underlined) Bob opened the box and followed the instructions. Tom put some cotton, rocks and a doorknob in his locker. His mom made a concrete model of a hockey rink. Session Twelve 1. Tongue Twisters F, W, Voiced Z Fuzzy Wuzzy was a bear, Fuzzy Wuzzy had no hair. Fuzzy Wuzzy wasn’t fuzzy, was he? Voiced V Vincent vowed vengeance very viciously. P Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers. A peck of pickled peppers Peter Piper picked. If Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers, How many peppers did Peter Piper pick? SH, S and Z She sells seashells by the seashore. The shells she sells are surely seashells. So if she sells shells on the seashore, I’m sure she sells seashore shells. W, CH, and Final Consonants How much wood, would a woodchuck chuck, If a woodchuck could chuck wood? He would chuck, he would, as much as he could, And chuck as much wood as a woodchuck would If a woodchuck could chuck wood. W Which witch, wished which wicked wish? While we were walking, we were watching window washers wash Washington’s windows with warm washing water. If two witches would watch two watches, which witch would watch which watch? R Roberta ran rings around the Roman ruins. B, BR, and BL blends Bradley’s big black bath brush broke. Bradley’s big black bath brush broke. TH Tom threw Tim thirteen thumbtacks. He threw three free throws. There are thirty-three thousand birthdays on the third of every month. The father gathered smooth feathers for Thanksgiving. The sixth graders are enthusiastic about Jonathan’s birthday. GR, and GL blends Green glass globes glow greenly. L, OO vowel Aluminum Linoleum, Won’t I would if I could! But I can’t, so I won’t! Woke I woke, he woke, she woke, they woke. We all woke up. Session Thirteen 1. Phrase Reductions 2. Intonation Phrase Reductions Going to try (gunna try) I’m gunna try to finish this book. Want to eat (wanna eat) Do you wanna eat at seven o’clock? Have to start(hafta start) I hafta start a diet tomorrow. Has to try (hasta try) He hasta try harder. Got to leave (gotta leave) I gotta leave in fifteen minutes. Ought to believe (oughta believe) She oughta believe what he is saying. Out of bed (outa bed) I got outa bed when I heard the alarm clock. Did you go (Didja go) Didja go to the store? Would he help (Woody help) Woody help me move the furniture? Won’t you play (Woncha play) Woncha play one more song on the piano? Didn’t you know (Didincha know) Didincha know that she was coming home tomorrow? Is he (Izzy) Izzy the one that called? What do you want (Whadaya_want) Give it to me (GividaMe) Gividame right away. Intonation Practice Have you ever tried one of Diane’s Donuts? They are so delicious. I have eaten many different kinds of donuts, from all over the country; however, I have never tasted anything, quite like Donuts made by Diane. I have been told that she uses the finest and freshest ingredients that money can buy. The best flour, the best eggs and the best milk. I am sure, that once you taste these incredible donuts, you will run and tell all of your friends. Syllable Stress Generally, two-syllable words have stress on the first syllable. Two-Syllable Words stress 1st syllable Sofa Oven After Finger Station Second Enter Often Uncle Carpet Father Children Walking Jacket Lucky Comment Two-Syllable Words stress 2nd syllable Delete Decline Survive Protect Adopt Advance Below Resolve Advice Acquit Control Arrive Involve Massage Disease Relate Generally, three-syllable words have stress on the second syllable. Three-Syllable Words stress 2nd syllable Reduction Arrangement Audition Companion Detective Ambitious Companion Appliance Discover Unlawful Conclusion Assemble Adjustment Affected Acceptance Ferocious Syllable Stress Practice The pictures are fantastic. He needs permission to find a solution. The party is in honor of his retirement. Her son exhibited bad behavior on their vacation. Comparative Sentences Joe drinks cheap wine. Sue only drinks expensive wine. Don’t forget his birthday. We would never forget his birthday. She’s planning to leave tomorrow. He made plans to leave a month ago. The Teacher’s meeting is at 9:00. The students announced that they will never have a meeting. My telephone isn’t working. The telephone needs to work by lunchtime. He’s painting his house blue and green. Your house would look terrible if it were green. Session Fourteen 1. Putting it all together – Part I 2. The 10 Key steps towards Improvement Photo album Keeping a family photograph album is a good way to save family memories for yourself and future generations of your family. Very old pictures can be taken to a photo shop and reprinted so that they can be placed in an album. Be sure to write on the back of the picture any information you remember about the people in it. Also, write the date if you remember it. Looking at photo albums is a relaxing way to spend the day and it is a fun activity to share with family and friends. Your children, grandchildren and their children will appreciate your efforts too. The Public Library Your library card can be your ticket to entertainment, current events and new ideas. Almost every city has a public library and there is no charge for a library card. Libraries have books about many subjects, but there are also other things at the library. These include books on cassette tape, videotapes, large print books, CD’s, DVD’s and magazines. Many have free programs in the afternoon or evening about travel, hobbies or other topics of interest. Some cities also have a bookmobile or traveling library, which brings the library right into your neighborhood. John D. Rockefeller John D. Rockefeller did three amazing things. First, he acquired probably the greatest fortune in all history. He started out in life digging potatoes under the hot sun for four cents an hour. In those days, there were not half a dozen men in all the United States who were worth even one million dollars. Eventually, John D. managed to collect a fortune said to be anywhere from one to two billion dollars. And yet, the first girl he fell in love with refused to marry him. The reason given was because her mother refused to allow her daughter to throw herself away on a man who had such poor prospects. Stars How many stars can you see on a dark, clear night? You can see about 3,000 stars with your eyes alone. But keep in mind that you are viewing only part of the sky. If the whole sky were visible, you could count about 5,000 stars. If you look through a small telescope you might see as many as 600,000 stars. Through the most powerful telescopes, astronomers can spot millions of stars. No one is sure exactly how many stars there are altogether, but astronomers believe there are at least 200 billion, billion stars out in space. The 10 Keys towards Improvement 1. Practice and listen. 2. Do not leave off the endings of words. 3. Make a list of frequently used words. 4. Open your mouth more when you speak English. 5. Don’t be afraid to speak. 6. Read aloud in English for ten to 15 minutes every day. 7. Record your own voice and listen for pronunciation errors. 8. Watch the mouth movements of native speakers and imitate them. 9. Buy books on tape. Read along with the tape - out loud. 10. Be patient. Session Fifteen 1.Putting it all together – Part II A foreign student When a student from another country comes to study in the United States, he has to find out for himself the answers to many questions, and he has many problems to think about. Where should he live? Would it be better living in a dormitory or in a private room off campus? Should he spend all of his time studying, or should he take advantage of the many cultural and social activities that are offered? At first, he may not feel that he fits in with the American culture. He may not feel confident when he speaks. Little by little, however, he learns how to handle himself in various situations. Finally he begins to feel very secure and ‘at home’. Unfortunately, this long-awaited feeling doesn’t develop suddenly. It takes time. Volcanoes Volcanoes are holes in the Earth’s crust which allow molten rock to escape from beneath. The molten rock, or lava, may flow out gently or it may be blasted high in the air with gas and ash in a violent explosion. There are eight hundred and fifty active volcanoes around the world. Do you know where these mountains of fire are found? Three quarters of them are found within a zone called the “Ring of Fire.” One edge of the zone stretches along the west coast of the Americas from Chile to Alaska. The other edge runs along the east coast of Asia from Siberia to New Zealand. Twenty percent of these volcanoes are located in Indonesia. Other big groupings are in Japan, The Aleutian Islands, and Central America. The Chinese Language Chinese is a most unusual language. It differs from English and most other major languages in that it has hundreds of different dialects. A person who lives in one section of the vast country of China, often cannot understand a fellow Chinese who lives in another section. These two major dialects are Cantonese and Mandarin. Cantonese is a southern dialect. Mandarin, a dialect that originated in northern China, is spoken by more Chinese than any other dialect. Non-Chinese people often say that the Chinese seem to “sing” their language. Chinese sounds as though it is sung, because many words are only one-syllable long and because the tone of voice changes for each word. As in English, many words have more than one meaning. The speaker’s tone of voice indicates each word’s specific meaning. Even more fascinating than the variety of spoken sounds is the Chinese written language. It has no alphabet. Instead, it employs signs called “characters.” Each spoken word in the language is represented by a separate character. Originally, the characters were drawings that depicted the meanings of words, but over the years, they have simplified, and most no longer look like the things they represent. The Supercontinent Around 100 to 150 million years ago, there may have been only one continent on our planet. At least that is what some earth scientists have decided after years of research. If you look at the map of the world carefully, you can see that the present-day continents could be thought of as the pieces to a gigantic jigsaw puzzle. In your imagination carefully put the pieces together to form the supercontinent. You will see that if you took away the South Atlantic Ocean and pressed South America and Africa together they would fit very nicely. You could continue removing oceans and seas and put other parts of the world together quite easily until you get to those last two pieces of Australia and Antarctica. Scientists believe that the continents of Australia and Antarctica were once linked together. They may have split slowly off from the supercontinent and then separated from each other as recently as 40 million years ago. The 50 Most Mispronounced Words in English Accounting Argue Actually Available Arrangements Basically Business Calls Complete Continue Contribute Corporation Differences Directly Exactly Educational Every Exceptional Familiar Financial Frustrating General Immediately Inconvenience Introduce Irrational Justice Likeable Loosen Measurements Middle Multiple National Original Outrageous Particular Partnership Problem Prohibit Quality Question Referring Regardless Request Similar Specific Value Visualize Vulnerable Working