口译教程参考答案(雷天放主编)

口译教程参考答案(雷天放主编) 口译教程 CHALLENGING INTERPRETING: A COURSEBOOK OF INTERPRETING SKILLS 编审:林郁如 主编:雷天放 陈 菁 Lesson 2 2(3 Yo-Yo Ma 今天将与我们见面的是我们这个时代最伟大的大提琴家-马友友。作为大提琴演奏家，马友友的职业生涯已经横跨了20多个年头，期间他发布了50多张专辑。他的音乐获得过许多奖项，其中包括令人叹服的14项格莱美大奖。他也曾经在许多重要的场合演奏，如格莱美的颁奖仪式和奥运会的庆典活动。 马友友是出生在法国的华裔，父母都是音乐家，母亲是歌唱家，父亲是作曲家。第一次正式登台演出的时候，马友友只有5岁。随后他随家人迁居到了美国。4年后，年仅9岁的马友友就在纽约极具声望的卡耐基音乐大厅登台演出了。后来马友友进入朱莉亚音乐学院学习提琴演奏。从那儿他转入哈佛大学，并获得人类学学位。他在哈佛的求学经历以及多元的文化背景都造就了今天的马友友。 而今，马友友仍在继续他的音乐之路，并且积极地与来自世界各地的各种流派的音乐家合作。他的音乐灵感受到人和大自然的激发。在马友友看来，大提琴是他声带的延伸。他演奏时最重 要的一点就是全时全情地投入，并且努力将音乐的内容传递给现 场观众。 2(4 CNN interview with Jet Li CNN 记者:祝贺《英雄》所取得的成功。请问您在《英雄》里 扮演的角色是否与你通常演的角色很相似呢, JL: It is a very special part and a very special movie. I think it’s one of the most important action movies in my life. CNN 记者:为什么你会这样说呢,你演过近30部电影，而《英 雄》是如何与其他影片不同的呢, JL: Usually action films have a formula: a child whose parents have been murdered by the bad guys tries hard to learn martial arts and he grows up into an outstanding Kongfu master. He takes revenge and kills the bad guys. But “Hero” has a much broader theme. CNN 记者:就比如很像《卧虎藏龙》, JL: No, it’s totally different. I think Ang Lee is a very talented director. He uses martial arts to talk about love and girls, you know… But Zhang Yimou tries to tell about Chinese culture, Chinese thinking and their hopes through martial arts. CNN 记者:含义的确很深。我们知道您的处女作是1979年拍摄 的〈少林寺〉，那时你还是个十几岁的少年。影片 在亚洲引起了轰动，并且还加拍了两部续集。我想 问的是，您是如何从一位武术冠军成为一名好莱坞 的动作明星的, JL: I think the most important thing is that when I was young, I learnt martial arts, that is my special key. I can use my unique martial arts skills in the film. But after a few years, I really want to do something different… like using martial arts to talk about peace and achieve peace. CNN 记者:这听起来似乎是矛盾的，对吗,您是一个打斗专家， 但您却要谈和平, JL: That’s right, because Chinese culture is not just martial arts. That’s only the physical part. It’s not true that the Chinese people are all Kongfu masters and can just beat up people; and that they have no brains, no thoughts. As a matter of fact, we have a deep, strong and sophisticated philosophy. I feel I have the responsibility to share this information with the worldwide audience. 2.5 美国兴起在线实时信息传递的狂热大约始于五六年前，那时我在上大学。开始我对什么使网上聊天还一无所知，但我很快就明白了， 没多久就对网上聊天着了迷，只要有时间我就上网李傲天当我把越来越多的人加到我的“网友名单”上时，其他人也在做同样的事。网上聊天真是越来越普遍，很快就“人人为之”了。 我的打字技能应归功于长时间的网上聊天。然而令人遗憾的是，当我的打字速度提高后，一切语法规则也丢掉了。要知道，网上聊天的人有他们自己的速记语言，语法并不重要。 渐渐地，网上聊天的狂热在美国降了温，之后我就来到了中国。 在这里，我发现对在线实时信息的狂热不是一种而是两种，第一种就是QQ，它让我回想起当年的痴迷。因此，那个循环又重新开始了。 在QQ之外，还有一种恐怕是更为流行的快速传递信息的潮流，你一定猜到了——手机短信。 我在中国的头几个月没有手机，也就与之没有关联。但最近我买了一个手机，才知道了手机短信时多么有用，以及广为流行的原因。 我承认当我走在外面或坐在地铁里发送短信息时有点不好意思，但有谁不这样做,无论我走到哪儿，都能看到人们在手机 上收发短信。实际上，倒是很少看到谁拿着手机在讲话。 看来，无论我走到世界的什么地方，都无法逃避实时信息传递的狂热。显然，这个潮流不会改变。然而，最终我并不对此抱怨，因为实时信息传递又快又便宜，又简单又非常有趣。再说了，每个人都在这么做啊。 Lesson3 3.3 史蒂夫 福布斯谈《福布斯》 我祖父20世纪初来到美国。他离开英格兰时身上没什么钱。连他在内兄弟姐妹10人，不过他自小就受到很好的教育。像许多人一样，他也是满怀憧憬和理想来到美国的。他创办了《福布斯》杂志，报道那些实干家，那些改变商业社会的人。 我祖父常说，做生意不是堆积百万财富，而是为带来幸福快乐。如今我们讲到公司、经营，文章中会用到许多数字，但焦点一直放在人上面。对公司来说，最重要的是人，而不是资产负债表。以前我祖父是这样看的，我们现在也是这样看的。 当前的世界信息泛滥，足以将人淹没，人们迫切需要一本刊物来解读这些信息，告诉读者哪些重要，哪些不重要。这就是《福布斯》的价值所在。我们提供额外的视角和判断。我们从不停留于表面，总想看看公司到底是如何经营的，正是当今芜杂繁多的信息使得《福布斯》日益重要。 3.4 Introduction to an arts and crafts company Distinguished guests, dear friends, I feel honored to have this opportunity to introduce our company to you through the platform provided by this conference. Founded 15 years ago, we are a company specializing in the design, manufacture and sales of handicrafts. Fifteen years ago our staff numbered 50; now the figure is 1,700. Fifteen years ago we rented a facility covering a floor space of 4,500 square meters; now our own facility covers a floor space of 24,000 square meters. These figures speak loudly and clearly of our success. Our leading products are various architectural exotic European cathedrals, the Empire State Building, the White House, and the Pentagon in the U.S., along with cartoon animal toys and Christmas gifts with a variety of designs. Our designs have become trend setters in the industry. Nowadays, our products are sold worldwide in more than twenty countries including Japan, Singapore, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, America, the UK, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Sweden, and Germany. They are well received by both local importers and customers. For fifteen years our output value has manifested an annual growth rate of 30%. Lesson 4 4.3 西敏斯特大学介绍 非常感谢你们的盛情款待，我们很高兴来到这里。今天很不 巧，校长没法来，我谨代表他介绍一下我校的情况。 西敏斯特大学成立于1838年，是英国第一所工科大学，所以 我们学校有着悠久的历史。我们的主校区位于英国首都伦敦的中 心地带。目前我们的学生来自132个不同国家，人数超过22， 700. 所以西敏斯特大学是全英最受国际学生欢迎的15所大学之 一。 我们有教师700多人，还有来自各国的客座讲师1，000余人。 学校的国际环境为学生日后将要面临的职业生涯打下良好的基 础，我们的目标是提供国内和国际环境下高品质的教育和科研。 我们是一所现代大学，在传播、文化和媒体研究、法律、亚 洲研究、语言学、艺术设计(包括音乐)、电子工程、政治与国 际关系方面占据领先地位，我们的主要学科均获得高度认可。 我们真诚希望与贵校建立交流合作项目。 4.4 Preserve core values of the Lunar New Year To people of Chinese descent around the world, the Lunar New Year (also called Spring Festival) is undoubtedly the most important festival of the year. Dating back 3,000 years, it celebrates the passing of a peaceful year and welcomes a new year. The reunion dinner, eaten on New Year’s Eve, is the most special, with members of the extended family gathering for the most significant meal of the year. Even the absent members will endeavor to return home in time for it. It underscores the supreme importance of the family in Chinese culture, and aims at strengthening the sense of togetherness and cohesion. The way people celebrate the New Year embodies two important core values. The first value is the sense of family togetherness; members of multi-generation families are all there to have a big reunion dinner. Everyone will follow this custom. The female members are always held responsible for preparing the dinner, and some rich families may take on extra hands. The second value lies in the happy visits mutually made between friends and relatives, a good way to strengthen kinship and friendship. However, economic development has resulted in some changes in lifestyles. After a busy year, people are tired of preparing for the reunion dinner, and would rather hold their reunion dinner in posh restaurants, despite the exorbitant costs. The festival door-to door visits have given way to New Year greetings via telephone or text messages. Some families even go to such extremes as to travel and seek temporary refuge in a hotel so as to avoid being visited. Some tradition-minded people regard the reunion dinner and visits to relatives and close friends during the New Year as core values, without which the holiday would lose much of its significance. Some pessimists contend that, as the popularity of western culture grows, Chinese traditional festivals gradually lose their original meaning and degenerate into commercial festivals like Christmas. The Spring Festival is an important part of the Chinese cultural heritage, and it will continue to be celebrated. The modes of celebration may change, but the core value should be sustained: that of respect for kinship and friendship. 4.5 中英教育交流 Q: My question is about educational exchanges. You mentioned in your speech that there are large numbers of Chinese students studying in Britain. As we know, it is extremely difficult to get a scholarship in a British university. But the tuition fees for international students far exceed these for home students. So we can not help wondering about the motivation of British universities in enrolling Chinese students. Is it to promote educational exchanges with China and to liven up campus life in Britain, or just for a commercial purpose? Thank you. A: 这实际上是出于多种考虑。我不否认有商业考虑，办大学也 要花钱，不过教育交流是主要目的。奖学金难申请是因为钱要政 府出，有时候纳税人有意见，说政府应该把奖学金给本国学生而 不是外国学生。所以很困难。 但我们现在已经在扩大奖学金范围。事实上，过去几年，中 国学生来英国留学生人数大大增加了，这说明奖学金难归难，你 们还是有办法来留学的。 我想教育交流在未来会非常重要，我也希望，每一次外国学 生来英国学习，回去时就像是一个英国大使，到他的国家为我们 宣传，不管是在中国，俄罗斯还是哪个国家。所以我们在扩大教 育规模，吸收更多海外留学生。所以你们继续申请奖学金，我们 会尽力帮助的。 Q: Mr. Blair, welcome to Tsinghua University. I was deeply impressed by your support for Sino-British educational exchanges, but I was also sorry to learn that some universities in northeastern Britain have decided to cancel the major of Chinese Culture and Language, among them the University of Durham. Will this affect cultural and educational cooperation between our two countries? If so, what is your solution? A: 讲到学校的课程，既然我听说了这件事，我打算回去看看究 竟，不过大学做出这样的决定原因很多，也许是经济原因，或者 是他们面临某种困难，这也是时有的事。要把想做的事都办成， 钱总是不够的。不过我可以向你保证，我们会一如既往地欢迎中 国学生来英国学习，就算杜伦大学没有合适的专业，其他大学也 肯定有。 Lesson 5 th5.3 Premier Wen’s Speech at the Opening Ceremony of the 15 General Assembly Session of the World Tourism Organization Mr. Francesco Frangialli, Secretary-General of the World Tourism Organization, Ms. Louise Frechette, Deputy Secretary-General of the United Nations, All Delegates, ladies and gentlemen, At this October time when Beijing is offering us its charming thautumn scenery in the fresh air and clearest weather, the 15 General Assembly Session of the World Tourism Organization is officially opened here. On behalf of the Chinese government, I would like to extend our sincere welcome to all the guests here and to express our warm congratulations on the convening of this session.// Tourism is a nice and pleasant activity that combines sightseeing, recreation and health care. Tourism has been developing all thalong with the progress of the times. Since the middle of the 20 century, modern tourism has been growing at a fast pace around the world. The number of tourists has ever been on the rise, the scale of the tourism industry has been in constant expansion, and the position of tourism in the economy has clearly risen. Tourism serves gradually as an important bridge of cultural exchange, friendship and further exchanges, and exerts more and more extensive influence on the human life and social progress among various countries. // As a country with a civilization with a long history, China is also a big oriental country full of modern vitality, not to mention its unique, rich and varied tourism resources. Besides the picturesque natural scenery, profound history and extensive culture, China embodies the different folk customs of 56 nationalities. Currently, there are 29 places that have been listed as World Cultural and Natural Heritage sites. Thanks to the further push by the opening up and reform, China’s modern construction is surging ahead, and the cities and the country are experiencing daily changes. The ancient glory of China and its modern boom add radiance and charm to each other, joining to create most favorable conditions for developing our domestic and international tourism. // The first 20 years of the 21 century represent an important strategic period for China to achieve the all-round construction of a well-off society and to speed up its socialist modernization. It also provides a favorable time for the further development of China’s tourism industry. We shall promote tourism as an important industry in China’s national economy, properly protect and utilize our tourism resources and try to achieve sustainable tourism development. The Chinese government welcomes all international friends to visit China. We shall do our best to protect their health and safety; and at the same time encourages more Chinese people to go abroad for visits. We are ready to develop extensive cooperation with other counties and contribute to global tourism growth.// For many years, the World Tourism Organization has made active and effective efforts for the promotion of tourism prosperity and development around the globe. The World Tourism Organization has become a specialized agency of the United Nations. We would like to offer our sincere congratulations. We believe this WTO General Assembly session will give a major push to the further prosperity and development of tourism in the world.// thFinally, I wish the 15 General Assembly Session of the World Tourism Organization every success. Thank you. 5.4 世界旅游组织简介 世界旅游组织是政府间唯一接纳旅游经营着的组织，它受联 合国委托，在各国旅游业的宣传和发展工作中起着核心的作用。 它成立于1975年，总部设在西班牙首都马德里。 世界旅游组织的宗旨是促进和发展旅游事业，使之有利于经 济发展、国际间相互了解、和平与繁荣以及不分种族、性别、语 言或宗教信仰、尊重人权和人的基本自由，并强调在贯彻这一宗 旨时，要特别注意发展中国家在旅游事业方面的利益。 世界旅游组织的成员分为正式成员、联系成员和附属成员三 类。正式成员是指所有的主权国家。联系成员指的是那些不必负 责外交事务的地区。这些成员需要经过为他们承担外交责任的政 府的批准。 附属成员的范围十分广泛，包括直接从事旅游业或与旅游业 有关的组织和企业，如:航空公司以及其他运输公司、饭店、餐 馆，旅游批发商和零售商、金融界、保险公司、出版界等机构。 到2003年，世界旅游组织有正式成员包括141个国家，7个 联系成员和350个附属成员，它们代表着私营业者、教育机构、 旅游协会以及地方旅游管理机构。 5.5 现代化与文化遗产的保护 主:Welcome to our studio. My first question is : how many years have you been in China? 客:3年多了。我是2002年5月底来的。 主:3 years. I bet you have witnessed a lot of changes in China. Could you tell us your deepest impression of urban development in China? 客:我恐怕只能就我所在的城市谈谈经验，不过从周边城市的所 见所闻，我也会有同样的看法。所有的外国人都非常清楚地看到， 中国和中国的许多城市都正在快速地发展。我想在东部沿海城市 更是如此。到处耸立着崭新的高楼大厦，马路变得更加宽阔。 主:What do think of all these tall buildings and widened roads? 客:这个问题提的好，但是我觉得这是个相当复杂的问题。 主:Why is it complicated? 客:这个问题得从两个不同角度来谈。一方面是我作为一个外国 人所期望的。。。我想看的，我感兴趣的。。。和中国人想看的或者 想让我看的肯定是不一样的。另一方面就是现代化与旧城文化保 护相互冲突的问题。 主:Then let’s see what are the differences between a foreigner’s expectations and what the Chinese would like to see. 客:这个问题看来最好这么来谈。。。。一般情况下，中国朋友带 我们参观城市时，都是带我们去看现代建筑。。。比如机场、大桥、 会展中心。。。等等城市里最新的东西。但是外国人对老城区、小 街小巷、古旧建筑更感兴趣，。。。也就是那些使这个城市有别于 我们所看过的其他城市的东西。一个外国人到过世界上的其他地 方可能比一般中国人多，所见过的机场和桥梁对他们来说没什么 太大的不同，但是西安的庙宇他们就觉得有别与法国的教堂，更 重要的是，中国城市的老房子更有别于英国城市的老房子。 主:That is to say, foreigners are interested in the things unique in China, but there is a contradiction between modernization and preservation, as you mentioned just now from another perspective. The space of a city is limited; the old part of the city should be reconstructed, and in fact the new buildings are symbols of the prosperity of a city. Isn’t this a good thing? 客:当然，繁荣与发展对你们来说是很重要的，对我们来说也是 很重要。问题是当一个国家发展的时候，人民的生活水平也随之 提高，甚至可能提高很快。。。他们需要让别人看到这种变化的事 实。你们似乎忽略了对以前事物保护的需要，不止是保护那些庙 宇或者宫殿。。。而是应该保护人们居住的房屋，保护老城区的原 貌。文化遗产一旦遭到破坏，你们是无法挽回这种损失的。 主:You are quite right. People nowadays are starting to realize the importance of the preservation of heritage. Some local governments are making great efforts to deal with the contradiction between development and preservation. Well, because of the limitation of the time, I’m afraid we have to stop now, thank you ever so much for your coming to discuss this topic with us. We hope you’ll come again. Lesson 6 6.3 每当谈及饮食卫生问题时，你可能会直接联想到青少年，其实， 许多不良饮食习惯开始于孩提时代。 小孩子的不良饮食习惯有许多表现方式，它包括用餐没有规律， 经常吃的过饱或经常饿肚子，有些孩子可能已经开始食用最没有 营养的垃圾食品，专吃某一食品或着不愿吃某一食品。 当你的孩子明显地表现出只想吃花生酱和果冻三明治时，作为家 长就要注意寻找孩子缺乏卫生饮食习惯的原因。 假如家长怀疑他们的孩子有了不良的饮食习惯，他们就该带孩子 看健康方面的专家，比如通科的医生、心理医生或者营养师。 但是在帮助孩子改变态度以及不良习惯的过程中，家长本身也能起到一个重要的作用，因为孩子会仿效他们家长的饮食习惯。比如说，如果家长正在节食，他们应该注意到他们没有让他们的孩子误以为面包和粮食是不好的食品。 家长们对培养健康的饮食习惯应该发挥积极的作用，因为全家都需要健康，改变不良的饮食习惯应该落实到每个家庭成员。孩子们的不良饮食习惯应该尽早就能被发现。 6.4 国际烟草控制公约 女士们、先生们: 首先，我要告诉大家一个好消息。一个以降低死亡与疾病主要原因为目的的公约刚刚生效。这个公约叫《烟草控制框架公约》。它是由世界卫生组织主持达成的第一个国际公共卫生条约。 已经有160个国家在公约上签字，签了约的国家必须在他们的国家批准该公约。迄今为止，已批准了公约的国家接近60个。但是只有40个国家需要批准使之生效。该公约在2005年2月27日生效。 各缔约国必须提高香烟和其他烟草制品的价格和税收，他们必须打击非法的烟草制品贸易，必须采取 措施 《全国民用建筑工程设计技术措施》规划•建筑•景观全国民用建筑工程设计技术措施》规划•建筑•景观软件质量保证措施下载工地伤害及预防措施下载关于贯彻落实的具体措施 减少公共场所被动吸烟等。 公约还禁止烟草广告以及烟草商进行赞助活动。但是这样的限制必须不会冒犯该国的宪法 规定 关于下班后关闭电源的规定党章中关于入党时间的规定公务员考核规定下载规定办法文件下载宁波关于闷顶的规定 。 公约号召各烟草公司为大众生产香烟替代品。健康的警告词不应该包括可能让吸烟者误以为某些香烟的危害程度比其他香烟小的信息。专家说所有的香烟都是不安全的。 缔约国还必须支持开展帮助人们戒烟的活动。应该开展告诫人们不要吸烟的教育活动。 世界卫生组织的研究表明，全球目前有烟民约10亿人。80%多的烟民生活在发展中国家。经常吸烟的人有一半死于吸烟，每年世界上有近500万人因吸烟而死亡，专家指出，按照目前的增长速度，到2020年，这个数字将达到1，000万人。 吸烟导致并增加了患各种疾病的危险。这些疾病包括癌症和心脏病。吸烟的孕妇可能伤害胎儿。最近研究提供了更多的事实，证明孩子从小就吸入烟雾，他们长大后得肺癌的危险性增大。 《烟草控制框架公约》广受世界人们的欢迎，但是补充的 协议 离婚协议模板下载合伙人协议 下载渠道分销协议免费下载敬业协议下载授课协议下载 还需要进一步完善。比如，发展中国家贯彻公约需要资金的支持。对于那些不能实行的国家还没有处罚的条例，不过他们的表现将在联合国大会接受检验。 我的话完了，谢谢大家。 6.5 HIV/AIDS disease prevention A: 王先生，早上好。非常感谢您抽时间接受我们的采访。请您介绍一下中国目前艾滋病传播的情况。 B: Well, in China, HIV/AIDS has become a very serious problem related to social development. There have been cases of people being accidentally infected with HIV/AIDS, through accepting polluted blood from hospitals, babies acquiring the disease from their mothers, having improper sexual relationships. From the time we discovered the first AIDS patient in 1985, our country has entered a period of rapid development in AIDS infections. Experts estimate that more than 900,000 people had been infected with HIV by the end of last year. If we don’t take some efficient measures, this number will double by 2010. A: 您认为增长这么快的原因在哪里, B: First, because of poverty, people lack education and information about the prevention of HIV/AIDS. Second, ignorance. People do not pay much attention to this problem. Third, they lack proper resources, things like training, money and information. According to reports, we still do not have an efficient medicine to cure HIV/AIDS. A: 政府已经采取哪些具体的措施来控制艾滋病在中国的蔓延 呢,有什么国际合作吗, B: We have already got very strong support from the international community, especially on the technical side. And on the domestic front, we recognize that making our people understand and raising their awareness is very important. So, common sense, health education and behavioral changes are the only way for people to avoid HIV infection. A: 贵国政府在发布警报及增强公众对艾滋病传播危险性的认识 方面一直都在怎么做,特别是在农村地区,您认为要解决这个 问题还应该进一步做什么, B: Firstly, I think the government should improve our monitoring system, and secondly, NGOs should try their best to mobilize all the resources we can use to help the people, especially people at the grass roots and the rural areas, to let them know the terrible results of spreading the disease and how to prevent HIV/AIDS. I think we should do more advocacy work among the people. A: 非常感谢您回答我们这么多问题。预祝你们在与艾滋病的斗 争中取得成功。 B: Thank you. Lesson 7 7.4 罗格在雅典奥运会上的致辞 希腊共和国总统先生， 亲爱的希腊朋友， 今晚，全世界向希腊致意三重敬意。 人类感谢你，因为你于2，800年前，在奥林匹亚创立了奥林匹 克运动会。 世界崇敬你，因你在现代奥林匹克运动的奠基人皮埃尔.德.顾拜 的号召下，于1896年就在雅典重新恢复了这项盛事。 最重要的是，今晚全世界为你欢呼致意，感谢你举办这一届奥运会，让奥林匹克运动会回到了它的诞生之地。 感谢所有支持奥林匹克运动会的人，特别要感谢伟大的自愿者们，没有他们的付出，就没有今天的盛会。 所有参赛的运动员，我想对你们说的是，这是你们理应享受的一刻，是你们的所有辛劳和奉献的巅峰时刻。请通过你们的行为——拒绝兴奋剂和奉守公平竞技的原则，让我们相信体育运动正日益变得可信和纯洁。 我们的世界需要和平、宽容和友爱。 来自世界上202个国家的运动员，请向我们展示:体育运动能克服民族、政治、宗教和语言的障碍将人类联合在一起。 愿本届奥运会能真正体现在此制定的奥林匹克休战书的精神，在和平中举行。 感谢雅典～感谢希腊～ 现在，我荣幸地邀请希腊共和国总统宣布第28届现代奥林匹克运动会开幕。 7.5 The Olympic flame illuminates Beijing June 8-9, 2004: history shall forever remember the date. The Olympic Flame came down to China’s Divine Land with mankind’s yearning for peace, friendship, civilization and progress and with the Greek people’s friendship for the Chinese people. rom Travling from Olympia to the Great Wall, the blazing Olympic torch has brought the Olympic spirit to Beijing, and, after illuminating Chinese people’s desire for peace, their wish for participation and their appreciation of the Olympic spirit, the torch has traveled across the five continents to every corner of the earth with the Chinese people’s hearty blessing. With the centennial impressiveness of the Olympics and the millennial civilization of Chinese history, the Olympic Flame has tied closely together Beijing and Athens, the Chinese people and the people of other countries. Wherever the torch went, the TV cameras focused on were like unfolding one by one our beautiful picture rolls of unique traditional eastern culture. Beijing, built more than 3,000 years ago and regarded as the ancient oriental capital for over 850 years, continually radiates its charm, to be found along the wide streets and narrow lanes, between the high buildings and large mansions. Its primitive simplicity and latest modernity, its dignity and vigor reflect Beijing’s greater openness, display the Chinese nation’s progress and civilization, how the people live actively and optimistically, enjoy their lifestyles and yearn for the Olympics, and present the Chinese people’s passionate longing and preparing for the 2008 Beijing Olympic games. Not only in Beijing, but also in Qingdao, the co-host city and sub-site for competition for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, the people, in their own way, express their warm welcome to the Flame, with countless sails plowing through the blue sea and numerous drums sounding loudly together on the sandy beaches. thOn August 29, Beijing will take over the Olympic flag from Athens. From that moment onward, the attention of the whole world will be focused on Beijing and its preparatory work will be arranged according to a new schedule. We will carry out all the preparations to the highest standard, with the highest quality and at the highest level. We will realize far more widely and deeply the ideals of a “Green, Hi-tech, People’s Olympics”. We believe that, with the supports of the IOC, of friends in their countries, of overseas Chinese, of our Party Central Committee and State Council and of the whole Chinese people, we are sure to bring into effect the strategic blueprint of “New Beijing, Great Olympics”, and we are sure to dedicate to the world these Olympic Games which will perfectly embody the Olympic ideal and spirit. May the Olympic Flame blaze forever. We hope to meet in 2008 in Beijing. May the Olympic torch be handed down from generation to generation. May the Olympic spirit be promoted around the world. Lesson 8 8.3 Premier Wen on China ‘s political reform The interview background: On Nov. 21, 2003, Premier Wen had an interview with the Washington Post. During the interview, Wen expounded on the state and target of China’s economic and social development, as well as the Chinese government’s view of China-US relations and major international issues. The following is an excerpt on China’s political reform. A. 中国的经济改革发展迅速，使得中国在短期内取得高速发展。 中国的政治改革是否需要跟上经济改革的步伐, B. China embarked on the road to reform and opening up in 1978. Our reform is a comprehensive one which includes both economic and political restructuring. Precisely as Mr. Deng Xiaoping pointed out, without political reform, economic reform would not be successful. In essence, political restructuring in China aims at integrating the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party, the people’s role as masters of their own affairs, and the rule of law in the conduct of public affairs. At present, it is particularly important to do a good job with regard to the following. First of all, we should develop democracy to safeguard people’s democratic rights and to respect and protect their human rights. Secondly, we should improve the legal system through better legislation, better administration according to the law, greater judicial reform. Thirdly, we should run the country according to the law, making our socialist democracy more institutionalized, standardized and regularized, and in this way we can make sure that it will not change because of changes in the leadership or changes in the views and priorities of leaders. Fourthly, we must strengthen supervision, and we should make sure that the government is placed under the supervision of the people. We have to develop democracy and strength supervision. Only in this way can we make sure the government will not relent in its efforts, and this would help avoid a situation whereby the government would be a failure. China is a big country with 1.3 billion people, so political reform should be pressed ahead in an orderly fashion and in a well-organized manner. Now there exist many misunderstandings. For instance, with regard to freedom of religious belief, freedom of religious belief is clearly written into China’s constitution. China currently has over 100 million religious followers and over 100,000 religious sites. Since the beginning of the reform and opening up, one religious site has been either built or restored every three days. There are quite a number of religious sites around the Zhongnanhai compound. For instance, to the east of Zhongnanhai, there is the Wangfujing Catholic church. To the south, there is the Islamic mosque on Niujie Street. To the north, there is the Yonghe Buddhist Monastery. To the west is the Baiyun Taoist Temple. Nearest to Zhongnanhai is the famous Xishiku Catholic Church, which has a long history in China. If you visit these religious sites, I’m sure you will see people practicing their religious faith. A. 今后中国在政治改革方面还会有什么步骤,比如说现在的 直接选举，是否会从基层推进到乡镇, B. At the moment, we have introduced the practice of self-administration and direct elections in 680,000 villages. This is a great innovation, and it is also very good practice for Chinese farmers. We have also introduced suffrage for the election of people’s deputies at the level of townships, counties and urban cities without districts. Indirect elections are held for the leadership of provinces, and of municipalities with districts, as well as for the central authorities. Why? This is because China is such a huge country with such a large population. It is still underdeveloped, and economic development is uneven between regions, so conditions are not ripe for direct elections at the higher levels. The first hindrance in my view is the inadequate education level of the population. 8.4 《华盛顿邮报》总编谈中国 有人说，《华盛顿邮报》经常把中国描绘成一个“共产主义的专 制国家”，那里的人“没有民主，没有自由”。他们问，为什么 《华盛顿邮报》对这些负面的字眼如此感兴趣呢,对此，我 不能赞同。首先，包括《华盛顿邮报》和《纽约时报》在内， 几乎所有美国大报都不再将中国称为“专制国家”。 《华盛顿 邮报》已经有很长时间不再使用类似这样的字眼了。今天， 我们依然称中国为“共产党国家”，那是因为这是一个事实，中 国的确是由共产党所统治的。 今天，《华盛顿邮报》正在努力尝试去理解中国的复杂性。去 年，本报就发表了好几篇有关中国市民社会的长篇报道。这些报道的主题多种多样，涉及到网络、工人、政府与个体的冲突等等。这些报道全面反映了中国的复杂性。 中国是个大国，每天都在发生很多不同的事情，这些事情很多是自相矛盾的。比如，中国的经济成就在短时间内让成千上万的老百姓脱贫，这是其他国家望尘莫及的。但同时中国也面临很多矛盾。全世界都在拭目以待，看中国领导人如何解决这些矛盾。 我们都应该向中国学习。中国对我们未来生活的影响将会越来越大。在过去50年中，在美国发生的一切影响了全世界众多地方。今天，中国的作用跟美国有异曲同工之妙。作为正在崛起的经济大国，中国将对世界-包括美国-发挥越来越大的影响力，尤其是在经济领域。中国人民将很快接受这样一个现实，那就是中国发生的事将对世界产生巨大的影响。 我到过中国三次。第一次是在1999年.第二次是在2001年3月，期间我有幸采访了中国国家主席江泽民。第三次是2003年11月，期间我又采访了中国国务院总理温家宝。中国有令人难以置信的活力，中国文化也是如此丰富多彩。每次到中国，我都看到和学到了一些新东西。中国的景色无与伦比，发展潜力巨大。我认为，中国如何应对今后的挑战将决定这个星球的未来。 我认为我没有资格来评价中国的领导人。每次当我采访中国 的领导人的时候，我都感到他们准备充分，应答自如，知识 渊博，富有远见，对中国在世界舞台上扮演的角色充满了自 信。中国如此庞大，有这么多的问题需要对付，人们贫富差 距如此之大，世界上恐怕再也找不到比管理中国更复杂的工 作了。这比当美国总统难得多，尽管两者有诸多不同之处。 Lesson 9 9.3 Multivariate family planning policy in China It has been over two decades since China adopted the Family Planning Policy. However, there still exist misunderstandings about this policy. People mistakenly think that China’s Family Planning Policy equals the One Child Policy, which allows one couple to have only one child. Their impression is that this policy is implemented more strictly in urban areas: in cities where people are better-off, one couple can have only one child, while in the poor rural areas, one couple can have two or three children. Furthermore, they think that the One Child Policy is the cause of gender imbalance. I will now clarify these misunderstandings. As a matter of fact, the policy adopted in the early 1980s is a multivariate policy called the Family Planning Policy, or the fertility policy. Its multivariate nature can be proved by two facts. First, the total fertility rate in China now stands at 1.8, which means there is more than one child per family in most areas. For example, there is generally only one child in a family in urban areas, but two in rural areas, and three in ethnic minority areas. In some areas, like Tibet, there are no restrictions at all on the number of children a family can have. We can tell from this fact that China’s Family Planning Policy varies in accordance with the economic and social development level of different areas. Secondly, China is seeing an unbalanced sex ratio at birth at the moment. The sex ratio at birth refers to the number of boys born per 100 girls born. This is not the same concept as the sex ratio of the total population. The unbalance is not entirely the result of the Family Planning Policy. I would like to cite two interesting examples. My first example is the ROK. In 1988, the sex ratio at birth in the ROK was 114, and the ratio now in China is 117. I believe there is no family planning policy in the ROK. My second example is Singapore, whose sex ratio at birth in1984 was 109. Why is it a common problem in Asia? There are two reasons. The first reason is the influence of traditional culture and ideology, that is, a preference for sons, which poses a great problem for the sex ratio at birth. Second, China’s unbalanced birth ratio is attributable to the poor social security in rural areas. The Chinese government has launched a nationwide Girl Care Project to hamper the rising sex ratio at birth. This project aims to educate the general public to abandon their traditional preference for male children and to advocate female children’s status and rights. Secondly, the Chinese government is also making an effort to establish and improve the social security system, particularly in rural areas. Thirdly, the phenomenon of allowing one child for urban families and two to three children for families in poor areas is called reverse selection of population quality. I have two points to make in the regard. The policy in rural areas is made in accordance with the economic situation there. The social security system is being gradually improved in rural areas. If a stringent One Child policy is to be introduced in this process, the household insurance coverage is likely to be reduced for rural families. Therefore, the number of children allowed in rural families is dependent on the economic situation. 9.5 联合国驻华协调代表谈中国的家庭与人口 家庭问题是十分复杂的，与经济、社会和文化等各方面的发展息息相关。世界各地有充分的证据表明，需要仔细地研究和对待经济、社会和文化与家庭的联系，否则老龄化、人口迁移和艾滋病等引起的家庭结构和规模的变化将在经济、社会和文化上对家庭产生负面影响。 中国也是如此。中国是世界人口最多的国家，自20世纪50年代起经历了一个人口快速增长的时期，现在13亿人口以每年700万人的速度在增长。中国政府一贯将关系到每个社会成员衣、食、住、行等的家庭问题作为首要问题来对待。中国的家庭一般三代同堂，近年来有所变化。 中国进行了20多年的改革，拥有强大的体制和勤劳的人民，这些使中国取得了前所未有的成就，使五亿人口成功脱贫，使中国成为世界上最大的贸易国之一，并完成了大部分的联合国千年发展目标，而且其中有些比预期的2015年提前了整整11年。然而，正如去年3月发布的中国千年发展目标进度报告所指出的，中国的快速发展的背后还存在一些新老问题。东部和西部、农村和城市，以及男女两性的发展日益不平均是需要尽快解决的紧迫问题。同时，经济与社会、人类与自然的发展不协调的矛盾日益突出。家庭，尤其是贫困家庭，面临着艾滋病的威胁，缺乏机会， 无法享受资源和服务，生存环境日益恶化。中国政府通过制定出自己的千年发展目标来应对这些挑战，也就是力争到2020年实现全面小康社会。 中国国家人口与 计划 项目进度计划表范例计划下载计划下载计划下载课程教学计划下载 生育委员会以及其他各级政府部门担负着保证家庭问题与国家整体发展进程紧密联系的挑战和责任。帮助完成这一使命符合我们的共同利益。 Lesson 10 10.3 中国与欧盟的关系 女士们、先生们、朋友们: 今天，我很荣幸给大家介绍欧盟的一些情况以及欧盟与中国 的关系。 欧盟全称叫欧洲联盟，是在欧洲共同体基础上有25个独立的 国家组成的，目的是为了加强政治、经济和社会合作。原来 叫“欧共体”或“欧洲经济共同体”。 目前的25个成员国是:奥地利、比利时、丹麦、芬兰、法国、 德国、希腊、爱尔兰、意大利、卢森堡、荷兰、葡萄牙、西 班牙、瑞典、英国、塞浦路斯(希腊部分)、捷克共和国、爱 沙尼亚、匈牙利、拉脱维亚、立陶宛、马耳他、波兰、斯洛 伐克、斯洛文尼亚。 欧盟25国总面积400平方公里，差不多半个中国的面积。总 人口数为4.544亿，排行第三，仅次于中国和印度，约占世界总人口的7%。 欧盟同一货币为欧元，2002年一月正式启用。到目前为止，已经有12个欧盟国家用欧元取代其本国货币。同一货币使旅行和价格比较容易些，它还为欧洲的商业往来、刺激增长和竞争创造了一个稳定的环境。 到目前为止，欧盟的国内生产总值逾10万亿美元。作为一个整体，这个规模与它的主要竞争对手美国差不多。经济总量和贸易总额分别占全球25%和35%。 欧盟与中国的关系十分良好。今年5月欧盟与中国就建交30周年了。去年，欧盟与中国的进出口贸易总额达到2，000亿欧元。德国是中国的最大贸易伙伴，英国、荷兰名列第二和第三。 欧盟正抓住当前这一大好历史机遇-团结曾经分裂的欧洲大陆，创造一个和平、稳定、民主的欧洲。这次欧盟的扩大还将创造一个几乎拥有5亿消费者的大市场，这个市场饱含经济的增长和不断繁荣的极大潜力。 我的话完了，谢谢大家～ 10.4 中国与东盟的关系 A. Excuse me, could you tell me when ASEAN was established? and how many member countries does it have now? B. 东盟于1967年8月成立，目前有10 个成员国，它们是文 莱、柬埔寨、印度尼西亚、老挝、马来西亚、缅甸、菲律宾、 泰国、新加坡和越南。 A. Besides these 10 member countries, ASEAN also always holds the 10+1, 10+3 meetings. Does this mean that ASEAN has some dialog partners? B. 是的，东盟有10 个对话伙伴，它们是澳大利亚、加拿大、 中国、欧盟、印度、日本、俄罗斯、新西兰、韩国和美国。 A. What is the area that ASEAN covers? How many languages are spoken in this region? What is the total population? B. 东盟地区面积大约有450万平方公里，有14种官方语言和 7种主要的宗教信仰。人口总数在2000年一共有5.12亿。 A. 4.5 million square kilometers is about half of China’s territory, such a big regional organization neighboring China. How is the relationship between ASEAN and China? B. 东盟地区不止是范围广阔，而且在经济、政治和科学技术 方面也是举足轻重的地区。所有的东盟成员国都是中国的友 好邻居。自从上世纪90年代起，中国与东盟的关系一直很好， 政治关系更加密切。 A. Could you give me some data? B. 在中国与东盟的关系中，经贸、科技方面的合作是基本的 组成部分。1994年的贸易总额从120亿美元增加到235亿美 元，其中中国的出口是109.2亿美元，进口是125.6亿美元。 双方的相互投资过去几年也不断增加。东盟在劳动力合作和 项目开发方面已经成为中国的重要市场。中国和东盟已经同 意用8年的时间创建世界人口最密集的自由贸易区。 A. The relationship is very good economically, and how about politically? B. 东盟是一个非常活跃的地区性组织，在发展相互了解和互 信、捍卫地区国家间的和平与发展起到非常活跃的作用。中 国与东盟的友好合作证明，国家无论大小、他们可能有不同 的历史背景、社会 制度 关于办公室下班关闭电源制度矿山事故隐患举报和奖励制度制度下载人事管理制度doc盘点制度下载 、发展水平、文化传统以及价值观， 但是只要他们遵守和平共处五项原则，他们一定会和谐共处， 共同发展。 10.5 Diplomatic work for the people It is true that we have been working every effort to serve the purpose of doing diplomatic work for the people. On the international stage, in order to do good and practical things for the people, we have to rely on our friends. In this regard, Chinese leaders have played an exemplary role. They have made many good friends for China in the world. Last year, President Hu Jintao, Chairman Wu Bangguo of the NPC, Premier Wen Jiabao and Chairman Jia Qinghong of the CPPCC visited a total of 34 countries. During their short yet tightly scheduled visits, they conducted extensive activities. Last year alone we received 29 visiting heads of state, 23 heads of government and 42 foreign ministers. In addition, different departments and industries across the country have been engaged in other diplomatic activities so as to make friends for the motherland and do practical things for the people. The inter-parliamentary, party-to-party and military-to-military diplomatic activities between China and other countries are fairly active, and a large number of Chinese NGOs are also active players in the international arena, such as the Chinese Youth League, the All China Women’s Federation and the All China Federation of Trade Unions. Many Chinese cities have also established twin-city relations with their foreign counterparts. At present, China has 235 diplomatic missions abroad staffed with over 5,600 people, of whom 3,200 are from the Foreign Ministry. Ambassador Sun Bigan, who was recently named as one of the top ten figures inspiring China most in 2004, is one of the best representatives of the Foreign Ministry. Recently, I came across a group of figures from a western newspaper. Let’s take a look at them together to see whether the “China threat theory” makes sense or is nothing but ridiculous nonsense. In 2004, the defense expenditure of the US was US$455.9billion, accounting for 3.9% of its GDP, while that of China in the same year was only RMB 211.7billion, making up 1.6% of China’s GDP. The US defense expenditure was 17.8 times that of China. In 2004, the per capita defense expenditure in the US was US$1,540 while that of China was about US$20, with the US figure being 77 times that of China. In 2003, the US defense expenditure accounted for 47% of the global total, exceeding the total of the other 25 countries in the world with the largest defense expenditures. The figure was also 3.5 times the total sum of the defense expenditure of the other four permanent members of the Security Council. China follows the road of peaceful development. To maintain peace is both the starting point and the purpose of Chinese diplomacy. I believe that all those who respect the truth will see China as a staunch force for peace in the world. Lesson 11 11.4 ABC of the WTO A: With the develpment of globalizaion, international economic organizations are playing a more important role. What are the major economic organizations in the world nowadays? Could you please tell me briefly about them, not only about their common characteristics in international trade practice, but also their particular features? B: 三个主要的国际经济组织是世界银行、国际货币基金组织和 世界贸易组织。 世界贸易组织是于1995年从关贸总协定发展而来的，它是一个 在贸易规则基础上进行贸易谈判的论坛，也是一个解决国家之间 贸易争端的世界性组织，其核心作用是处理成员国之间的贸易关 系。 相比之下，世界银行和国际货币基金组织是单独与其成员国打交 道。它们对工业化国家 15.3 Statistics recently released by the General Administration of Customs indicate that China’s foreign trade, on the basis of last year’s rapid growth, has started the year with a bang. In January, the trade volume rose 33.1% year-on-year to US$95.06 billion. Exports hit US$50.77 billion, a 42.2% rise over the same period of the previous year. Imports grew to US$44.29 billion, 24% up year-on-year. The country achieved a trade surplus of US$6.48 billion in January, a record-high single-month surplus in recent years.// According to the Customs’ statistics, in January, exports of general trade skyrocketed while the growth rate of imports slowed down. In processing trade, both exports and imports soared, continuing the strong growth momentum. Foreign-funded enterprises in China continued to maintain their rapid growth, with a 42.4% increase in exports and a 30% rise in imports. Exports and imports of collective-owned, private and other enterprises have also maintained their strong growth momentum, wit a jump of 77.3% in exports and a rise of 33.9% in imports. The growth rate of exports and imports by the state-owned enterprises is much lower than that achieved by the two above-mentioned types of enterprises, with exports increasing by 22.1% and imports by 11.1%.// January also saw a sharp increase of China’s trade with its three major trade partners. Its trade with the European Union, the United States and Japan reached US$ 15.89 billion, US$ 14.33 billion, and US$ 12.86 billion. They represented a respective year-on-year growth of 36.4%, 30.8% and 28.4%. 16.3 A: Mr. Smith, when you were here last time, you visited our 1,000-mu orange orchard and we talked about your ideas about an orange drinks project. After you left, the county government took your advice and built a 12-kilometer road from the county town to the orchard. B: 得知此事我很高兴，这样会使事情好办许多。现在谈谈咱们 的项目吧～这个项目很简单，开始的时候只要一条生产线„„当 然希望以后可以扩大。 A: How much money would be needed totally for a project like this? B: 大约100万美元。 A: I see. B: 这样一个项目，中方准备出资多少,我的意思是说，如果谈 成的话。 A: As a general practice, we lay out 51% of the total investment. This includes, of course, cash, factory buildings, the right to use the site, things like that. B: 那么我们就负责机械设备和其他资本设备论厂房的价值怎么 算法, A: We resolve such matters through joint assessment. Together we get an impartial assessment of property value. Of course, we can also entrust a third party to do the job, such as an assets evaluation firm. B: 在注册资本中，对外国合资者的投资比例，有没有明文规定, A: Generally not less than 25%. The rest can be obtained through bank loans. B: 看来这是合理的。现在咱们再谈谈期限，合营的期限多长, A:How long do you want? B: 这个企业不大，我想建议先定为8年。 A: The contract could be extended if both sides agreed. B: 八年以后我就退休了。您知道吗, A: You retire? I’ll believe it only when I see it. B: 我退下来不当总裁，加入董事会当个顾问。说到董事会，我 倒想问一问，谁来当合资企业的董事长, A:The chairman of the board will be appointed by us, and the vice-chairman by you. B: 董事长任期多长, A: Four years. B: 董事长是企业的法人代表喽, A:Yes. A management office would be established and would be responsible for the day-to-day running of the joint venture. So far as the management is concerned, you might appoint the manager and the chief engineer of the project, and we might appoint their deputies. B: 我们的产品是不是必须全部出口? A: We hope to export some of our products and want them to be able to compete on the world market. It helps us to grow, you see. Most of the products will be sold domestically and that’s for sure. China’s market has great potential and there would be no problems regarding sales as long as our products are competitive in quality and price. B: 当然，当然。 合资企业是怎样办理登记注册的, A: We’ll prepare all the necessary documents and present them to the responsible authorities. B: 这得需要多长时间, A: About a quarter of a year. Three months. B: 我们要干就得趁早动手，对吗, A: Right. If everything goes smoothly, hopefully we can get through all the formalities within two months.