[英语学习]英语句子成分分析及练习

[英语学习]英语句子成分分析及练习 英语语法-句子成分分析及练习 句子是按照一定的语法规律组成的，表达一个完整的意义。一个句子一般由两部分构成，即主语部分和谓语部分，这两部分也叫做句子的主要成分。句子的次要成分包括宾语，定语，状语，表语等。句子成分是句子中起一定功用的组成部分。 1)主语:是一句的主体，是全句述说的对象，常用名词，数词或代词担任，一般放于句首。如: Students study. (学生学习。) We are friends.(我们是朋友) 这两句话中单词students是个名词，we是代词，它们在句中做主语。 2)谓语:是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。如: Students study. (学生学习。) We are friends. (我们是朋友) 这两句话中单词study和are都是动词，study叫做实意动词，are叫做be动词，它们在句中作谓语。 3)宾语:表示行为的对象，常由名词或者代词担任。放在及物动词或者介词之后。如: They are teachers. ( 他们是老师。) I play with him. (我和他一起玩。) 这两句话中单词teachers是名词，单词him是带词，它们在句中作宾语。 4)定语:是用来说明或者限制名词的成分，常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短语或从句担任。形容词放在名词之前，相当于形容词的短语或从句放在名词的后 面。如: This is a red sun.(这是个红太阳.) He is a tall boy.(他是个高个子男孩。) 这两句话中单词red和 tall都是形容词，它们作定语。 ,)状语是用来说明动词，形容词，副词或整个句子的成分。常由副词担任。修饰动词时可以放在动词之前，也可以放在动词之后;修饰形容词或副词时放在它们之前。如: The students study hard. (这些学生学习努力。) I often write to him. (我常给他写信。) The bag is too heavy. (这个 书 关于书的成语关于读书的排比句社区图书漂流公约怎么写关于读书的小报汉书pdf 包太重了。) 这三句话中单词hard 和often修饰的都是动词，第三句话中单词too修饰的是形容词，它们都作状语。 ,)表语:用来说明主语的性质或状态。一般由名词或者形容词担任。如:This table is long. (这个桌子是长的。) 通常情况下,主语和宾语前的成分是定语，谓语前的成分是状语，时间词作状语放在句子后面。句子的成分分布如下: (定语) 主语 (状语) 谓语 (定语) 宾语 (状语) 如:(The tall) boy (often) go (to the big) zoo. (The happy) child --- went (his) home yesterday. 请分析下面句子的结构说出各个成分 1)I have two elder sisters. (我有两个姐姐。) 2) They don't swim very well.(他们游泳不太好。) 3) Do you go to school every day? (你每天去上学吗,) 4) I really want a cup of tea.(我真的想要一杯茶。) 5) Miss Smith teaches English very well.(史密斯先生教英语非常好。) 语法其实并没有一些人想象的那么可怕，其实里面有很多趣味。 第一讲 英语句子成分 WARM-UP:1)The teacher in the classroom. 2)Sang many songs and danced happily. 3)She attracts. 4)Many people living in the country. 5)All the books on the desk over there. 以上这些形式都不能构成英语句子。 英语句子(sentence)=主语+谓语(核心:主动词) 英语句子成分歌 英语句子八呀八大块， 主谓宾表真呀真实在; 补语跟着宾语表语跑， 定语同位(语)专把名词踹。 状语的位置它自由自在， 忽右忽左随心所欲摆。 浑身的毛病真呀真不少， 前后乱窜它还会加塞。(RAP) I(八大成分的概念和构成 1(主语(名词代词形):句子的主体，是谓语陈述，说明的对象。 If you want the rainbow you have to put up with the rain. 不经历风雨，怎么见彩虹。 The secret of success is to start from scratch and keep on scratching. 成功的秘诀在于从磨练开始，并要坚持不断磨练。 充当主语的形式:1)名词2)代词3)名词短语4)名词从句5)数词6)不定式7) -ing形式8)介词短语(少见) 形式主语(名词从句，不定式，动名词)(见第六讲主语和宾语) 2(谓语:表示主语的行为或进行的活动。 I have a dream. You don’t always want what you need, or need what you want. 所需之物未必皆所欲，所欲未必皆所需。 谓语形式:动词(英语句子的灵魂) 3(宾语:行为或活动的对象，接受者或受影响者。 You don’t find opportunities…you make them. 你找不到机会。你得去创造机会。 You probably won’t hear opportunity knock if your television is always on. 如果你常开着电视，你就可能听不到机会的敲门声。 充当宾语形式:1)名词2)代词3)名词短语4)名词从句5)数词6)不定式7)-ing形式 形式宾语(名词从句，不定式，动名词)(见第六讲主语和宾语) 4(表语:说明主语的身份和情况。(跟在系动词后) Time is money. Three o’clock is always too late or too early for anything you want to do. 你想做什么事，三点钟总是太早或太迟。 构成形式:1)名词2)形容词3)代词4)数词5)不定式6)ing形式7)过去分词8)副词9)介词短语10)小品词11)名词从句 5(补语:补充说明。(由动词类别来决定) 构成形式:1)名词2)代词3)形容词4)数词5)不定式6)-ing形式7)过去分词8)介词短语9)副词小品词10)名词从句 主语补语 Tom was made monitor. 宾语补语 I made Tom monitor. 表语补语 I am sure to succeed. 6. 定语:对名词性形式进行范围限定。 7. This is beautiful music. There are only two kinds of music…good and bad. 自古音乐分两种，好的和坏的。 构成形式:1)限定词2)形容词3)名词4)数词5)不定式6)-ing形式7)过去分词8)介词短语9)副词10)关系从句 8. 同位语:对被修饰对象进行补充说明或进一步解释。 Puff, the magic dragon, lived by the sea. 构成形式:1)名词2)代词3)名词短语4)数词5)不定式6)-ing形式7)名词从句 9. 状语:修饰词，短语，从句和整句。位置:自由自在。 1)修饰性状语:修饰动词，形容词，副词等(时间，地点，肯定，否定，程度，频度，方式，伴随，原因，目的，比较等)。 Can you feel the love tonight? Home never looks so good as when you come back from getting away from it. 只有出走又回家时，家才最感亲切。 2)连接性状语:连接上下文(顺序，递进，转折，让步，结果，推论，比较)。 First comes spring, then summer. I’ve never been to America, therefore I don’t know much about it. 3)评述性状语:修饰整个句子，表示说话人的看法或态度。 Frankly speaking, the food is not very good. II(成分关系 1(补语跟着宾语表语跑: 补语跟在宾语和表语的后面构成宾补和表补。把有宾补的句子变成被动语态，则宾补就变成了主补。 To love others makes us happy…to love ourselves makes us lonely.(宾补) We are made happy to love others…we are made lonely to love ourselves.(主补) 爱他人使我们幸福，在自己使我们孤单。 2(定语，同位(语)专把名词踹: 定语，同位语修饰名词性形式 Experience is the best teacher.(被定语所修饰的形式为名词) They are going to Melbourne, the beautiful city in southern Australia.(同位语所修饰的形式为名词) 3(谓语动词由状语修饰 When you reach for the stars, you may not quite get one, but you won’t come up with a handful of sand either. 你想摘下天上的星星，可能一个也摘不下;但也不会一无所获。 1、主语: (1)由名词、代词(人称代词用主格)、动词不定式、动名词等充当,说明动作是―谁‖ 发出的。如:The painter painted a very nice picture. (画家画了一幅漂亮的画。) / They fought against SARS bravely. (他们勇敢地与非典搏斗。) / To see is to believe. (耳听为虚 眼见为实). / Helping animals is to help people. (帮助动物就是帮助人类。) (2)动词不定式或动名词做主语时可用it代替,而不定式或动名词移至表语或宾语 之后。如:It is very comfortable to have a Class A seat during the long journey. (在长途旅行 中能有个甲等座位简直太舒服了。) / Eating too much is bad for your health.(=It is bad for your health eating too much.) (吃得太多对你的身体不利。) (3)口语中常见主语或―主--系‖省略:(It is) nothing. ((那)没有什么。)/ (It) doesn’t matter. ((那)没有关系。) / (I) thank you. ((我)谢谢你。) (4)反意问句的附加问句,主语必须是代词:The man looks worried,doesn’t he? (这个人 看上去很着急不是吗,) / Tigers are dangerous animals, aren’t they? (老虎是危险的动 物不是吗,) (5)祈使句一般省略主语。加主语时往往用来指定某个人。Keep the keyboards clean, children. (孩子们请保持键盘的清洁。) (省略了主语) / You go there and fetch me a glass of water. (你去给我弄一杯水来。) (6)主语一般在句首,但在问句中会处于第二位和句尾;倒装句及there be句型主语 在动词之后。如:Computers are made in this factory. (计算机生产于这家工厂。) / Where are they? (他们在哪儿,) / Does the boy like staying home? (这个男孩喜欢呆在家里 吗,) (7)主语与谓语必须保持单、复数的一致, 而谓语与表语或宾语之间没有这一要求。 Neither Jim nor Rose has passed the exam. (Jim和Rose都没有通过考试。) / The Chinese people are a hardworking and brave people. (中华民族是一个勤劳勇敢的民族。) (8)主语可以由从句充当,详见―主语从句‖。 2、谓语: (1)由―不及物动词‖、―及物动词+宾语‖或―系动词+表语‖等构成,说明主语所表示的人物―干什么‖或―怎么样‖。如: He travelled in space for the first time.(他首次在太空旅行。) / Who teaches you English this year?(今年谁教你们的英语,) / The pizza has gone bad. (那块烤馅饼已经变坏。) / (2)谓语动词必须反映出人称、单复数、时态等信息,谓语动词往往由下列词语依序排列构成:,情态动词,+,时态助动词,+,语态助动词,+,主要动词,(不一定全部出现)。(见动词的时态和语态构成表) 记住:谓语部分第一个动词往往是变形动词。如: I am sorry I am making so much noise but I have to. (对不起我发出了太大的声音但是只能这样。) / He can’t have finished reading the 800-page-long novel. (他不可能读完了那本长达800页的小说。) / Something must be done to stop the fowl flu from spreading out. (该采取 措施 《全国民用建筑工程设计技术措施》规划•建筑•景观全国民用建筑工程设计技术措施》规划•建筑•景观软件质量保证措施下载工地伤害及预防措施下载关于贯彻落实的具体措施 防止 禽流感蔓延。) (3)谓语动词切忌用―行为动词1 + 原形动词‖、―be + 原形动词‖。 记住使用下列正确形式: ?情态动词+原形动词。如:You’d better go over the lesson.(你最好复习这一课。) ?shall/ will/ would+原形动词。如:They should have been there once.(他们应该去过那儿。) ?be+现在分词或者过去分词。如:What are you doing this evening?(今晚你打算做什么,)/ Many trees have been cut down since 1970s.(自从20世纪70年代大批树木被砍伐。) ?have+过去分词。如:Many trees have been cut down since 1970s.(意思同上) ?一般时问句和否定句中:do/does/did+原形动词。如:He does not enjoy himself very much.(他日子过的不好。)/ Did any of you see dinosaur eggs?(你们当中有谁见过恐龙蛋吗,) ?行为动词1+行为动词2 (不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词等形式)。如:He made up his mind to be a vet.(他拿定主意要做个兽医。)/ Feeling good about yourself is essential to feeling good about life.(自尊自爱是享受生活的根本。)/ They wake up the other family members, calling,―Merry Christmas!‖(他们叫醒家庭的其他成员,呼喊着:圣诞快乐～)/ The kings of ancient Egypt had strong tombs built for themselves.(古代的埃及国王让人给他们自己修建坚固的坟墓。) (4)不可用形容词、名词、代词、副词、介词短语等独立作谓语,必须在此之前加连系动词。 (5)谓语动词单复数形式:单数形式的动词有:is,was,has,does以及―动词+s‖;复数形式的动词有:are,were,have以及动词原形。其他动词不分单、复数。 谓语部分第一个动词的形式 单数形式 复数形式 一般现在时be(是)动词; 现在某些时态和语态的助动词be am (单一); are (单二); is (单三); are 一般过去时be(是)动词; 过去某些时态和语态的助动词be was (单一); were (单二); was;(单三) were 一般现在时have(有)动词; 现在完成时态的助动词have have (单一); have (单二); has (单三); have 一般现在时行为动词和助动词do do (单一、单二); does (单三) do 实意动词和连系动词的一般现在时动词(否定和疑问句除外) 原形动词(单一、单二); 动词+s /es (单三) 原形动词 其他各时态语态的谓语动词 单复数形式相同 记住:主语、谓语单复数必须保持一致。(参见―4、名词或代词作主语时和谓语之间的单复数的一致问题:‖) Air and water is necessary to us all.(空气和水对于我们大家是必不可少的。) (6)一般问句和反意问句的回答不使用行为动词,应该使用―是‖动词、情态动词、助 动词(be,will,have,do以及变形)。如:The Olympic Games is held every other year, isn’t it? ----Yes, it is.(奥运会每两年举办一次,是吗,----是的。) 3、宾语: (1) 由名词、代词(人称代词要用宾格)、不定式、动名词、(宾语)从句充当,表示动作的承受者是―谁‖或者是―何物‖。如: The angel also came to Joseph and told him the same thing.(那个天使同样来到约瑟夫面前并且告诉他同样的事情。)(代词和名词充当两个宾语) / He told me that the company could not afford to pay him so much money.(他告诉我说公司付不起他那么多的钱。)(不定式作宾语) / They enjoy watching football games so much that they often forget their lessons.(他们如此喜爱看足球以至于常常忘记了他们的功课。)(动名词作宾语) / I think to be a children’s doctor is very rewarding.(我认为当个儿童医生是很值得的。)(从句作宾语) (2) 只有及物动词或介词才有宾语,不及物动词没有宾语,如果涉及到事物,则必须在不及物动词后面加合适的介词。Listen to the radio. (listen不是及物动词,故加to。) / Can you hear anything exciting?(你能听到什么令人兴奋的消息吗,) (3) 宾语一般放在及物动词或介词的后面,但是在疑问句中,如果宾语是疑问词,则宾语要放在句首。介词的宾语如果是疑问词,则可以放在介词后或句首。如:What did he see? (他看见了什么,) / What does he write a letter with? (他用什么写的信,) / With what does he write a letter? (他用什么写的信,) (4)―动词+副词+宾语‖结构中,如果宾语是代词,则代词必须放在―动‖―副‖之间。如:Please put the shoes away. (请把鞋子收起来。) / Please put away the shoes. (请把鞋子收起来。) / Please put them away. (请把它们收起来。) (5) 动词后面跟双宾语时可以采用两种结构: ?动词+间接宾语(人)+直接宾语(物)。如:He often gives me some help. (他常常帮我。) ?动词+直接宾语+介词+间接宾语。注意,一般情况介词用to,但动词是make, buy, borrow时,介词用for.如: Please make me a kite. (请给我做个风筝。)或Please make a kite for me. (6) 在―动词+宾语+宾补‖结构中,如果宾语是不定式、动名词、宾语从句,则常用it 做形式宾语,而将实际的宾语移到补语后面去。如:I found the job rather difficult. (我 发觉这个工作相当难做。) / I found it rather difficult to do the job. (7) 宾语可以由从句充当,详见―宾语从句‖。 4、表语: (1) 说明主语的身份、性质、状况等含义的成分,通常由形容词、副词、介词短语、 名词、代词等充当。如:He became a doctor after he left high school.(高中毕业他当上 了医生。) / The rubber wheels are over there.(橡胶轮子在那边。) / He does not feel like eating anything today because he has caught a bad cold.(他今天不想吃任何东西因为他 得了重感冒。) / Who is it?(谁呀,) (2) 表语只能放在连系动词(如:be,look,become,turn get,grow,feel,seem) 之后,对表语 进行提问的句子除外。 (3) 代词做表语一般用主格,口语中常用宾。如:It’s I. (It’s me.)是我。 (4) 只能作表语的形容词有:sorry,afraid,alone,asleep,awake,ill,well,sure,interested等等。 He was terribly sorry for his carelessness.(他很为他的粗心而歉疚。) / Please make no noise here; the baby is asleep.(请不要发出响动,婴儿正熟睡呢。) / I am only interested in sitting in a boat and doing nothing at all!(我只是对独坐孤舟无所事事感兴趣。) / I am not alone in thinking so.(并非只有我才这样想的。) (5) 表语也可以由从句充当,详见―表语从句‖。 5、定语: (1) 修饰名词或代词的成分,常由形容词、名词(含所有格)、代词(物主、指示、疑问、不定)、介词短语、不定式(短语)充当,在初三阶段还学习了定语从句做定语的知识。如:Put it in the top drawer.(把它放在最上层的抽屉里。) / France and Switzerland are European countries. (法国和瑞士是欧洲国家。) / His mother and father are both college teachers.(他的父母都是大学教师。) / This is the day that I can never forget in my life.(这是我一辈子难忘的日子。) (2) 单词做定语时一般放在被修饰的名词前面,而且有一定的次序: 冠词/ 物代 年龄/形状/ 大小/温度 色彩 来源 质地/ 材料 目的/ 用途 被修饰的名词(中心词) a the my his … old,young,… red, yellow, blue, … Chinese, English, American, … wooden, woolen, glass, silk, paper … meeting, tennis, sports, reading, swimming, … box, shoes, room, pig … long,short, round, square… big, large, small, little… hot, cold, warm, cool… (3) 时间副词(now,then,today,yesterday,...)、地点副词(here,there,back,in,out,home,... 作定语时放在被修饰的名词后面。如:I could not find my way out, so I stayed there all along. (我找不到出去的路,所以就一直呆在那儿。) (4) 介词短语修饰名词时只能放在名词的后面:The monkey in the cage was caught yesterday. (笼子里的猴子是昨天逮着的。) (5) 形容词修饰复合不定代词时,往往后置。如:He remembered everything unusual. (他记得所有不寻常的事情。) (6) 定语还可以用从句充当,详见 定语从句。 (7) 注意:由于定语属于修饰性的成分,因此它常归入主语、宾语、表语之中,不作为句子的主要成分。 6、状语: (1) 说明动作―何时‖、―何地‖、―如何‖发生,或者说明形容词或副词的程度,一般由副 词、介词短语、不定式、状语从句等充当。如:I was not born yesterday.(我又不是 昨天才出世的娃娃。)/ For many of these families a college education was something new. (对其中的许多家庭来说,大学教育是件新事物。)/ He woke up to find his house on fire.(他醒来发现房子着火了。) / You cannot leave until your work is finished.(在你的工作 被完成以前你不能离开) (2) 副词作状语位置较为灵活;介词短语作状语,位置基本固定;不定式作状语,一般 表示目的、结果;从句作状语. (3) 多个状语相连时,一般先单词、后短语,先地点、后时间,先小概念、后大概 念。如:He went ouf of the room at a quarter to 23:00 last night and then disappeared into the dark.(他昨夜22点3刻从房间里出来,然后消失在黑暗之中。) / (4) 状语还可以用从句来充当,有时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、 目的状语从句、结果状语从句、比较状语从句、让步状语从句、条件状语从句等。 详见―状语从句‖。 (5) 注意:由于状语属于修饰性的成分,常归入谓语,因此不作为句子的主要成 分。 7、宾语补足语: (1) 补充说明宾语的动作、状态的成分为宾语补足语,常由名词、形容词、动词非 谓语形式(不定式、现在分词、过去分词等)、介词短语等充当。如:Call him Jim, please. (请叫他Jim。) / I tried my best to make him happy. (我竭尽所能让他开心。) / Ask her to come to dinner tomorrow. (请他明天来。) / He let the smaller animals bring food to him. (他让 小动物们给他带食物来。) (2) 部分表示位置、方向的副词也可以作宾语补足语。如:Let him in, I tell you! (我 跟你说,让他进来～)/ Please put it away. (请把它收起来。) (3) 不定式或分词作宾语补足语 选校网 www.xuanxiao.com 高考频道 专业大全 历年分数线 上万张大学图片 大 学视频 院校库 选校网 www.xuanxiao.com 高考频道 专业大全 历年分数线 上万张大学图片 大 学视频 院校库 (按ctrl 点击打开) As food is to the body, so is learning to the mind. Our bodies grow and muscles develop with the intake of adequate nutritious food. Likewise, we should keep learning day by day to maintain our keen mental power and expand our intellectual capacity. Constant learning supplies us with inexhaustible fuel for driving us to sharpen our power of reasoning, analysis, and judgment. Learning incessantly is the surest way to keep pace with the times in the information age, and an infallible warrant of success in times of uncertainty. Once learning stops, vegetation sets in. It is a common fallacy to regard school as the only workshop for the acquisition of knowledge. On the contrary, learning should be a never-ending process, from the cradle to the grave. With the world ever changing so fast, the cease from learning for just a few days will make a person lag behind. What's worse, the animalistic instinct dormant deep in our subconsciousness will come to life, weakening our will to pursue our noble ideal, sapping our determination to sweep away obstacles to our success and strangling our desire for the refinement of our character. Lack of learning will inevitably lead to the stagnation of the mind, or even worse, its fossilization, Therefore, to stay mentally young, we have to take learning as a lifelong career. 学习之于心灵，就像食物之于身体一样。摄取了适量的营养食物，我们的身体 得以生长而肌肉得以发达。同样地，我们应该日复一日不断地学习以保持我们敏 锐的心智能力，并扩充我们的智力容量。不断的学习提供我们用不尽的燃料，来 驱使我们磨利我们的推理、分析和判断的能力。持续的学习是在信息时代中跟时 代并驾齐驱的最稳当的 方法 快递客服问题件处理详细方法山木方法pdf计算方法pdf华与华方法下载八字理论方法下载 ，也是在变动的世代中成功的可靠保证。 一旦学习停止，单调贫乏的生活就开始了。视学校为汲取知识的唯一场所是种 常见的谬误。相反地，学习应该是一种无终止的历程，从生到死。由于世界一直 快速地在变动，只要学习停顿数日就将使人落后。更糟的是，蛰伏在我们潜意识 深处的兽性本能就会复活，削弱我们追求高贵理想的意志，弱化我们扫除成功障 碍的决心，而且扼杀我们净化我们人格的欲望。缺少学习将不可避免地导致心灵 的停滞，甚至更糟地，使其僵化。因此，为了保持心理年轻，我们必须将学习当 作一生的事业。 2(heavy schoolwork【课业繁重】 In my opinion, the schoolwork now being assigned to high school students is too heavy. While it is true that students need to study, they need other things as well if they are to grow into healthy and well-rounded adults. High should be allowed more time for play. Playing is not wasting time, as some think. It gives them physical exercise, and also exercise their imagination. Which tends to be stifled by too much study. Finally, the pressure put on high school students by excessive schoolwork can cause serious stress, which is unhealthy physically and mentally. I do not advocate the elimination of schoolwork. I do think, however, that a reduction of the current heavy load would be beneficial to students and to the society as a whole. 我认为目前高中生的课业实在太重了，虽然说学生的确应当念书，但是要想长 大成为健全的人，他门还需要一些其它的东西，所以应该给高中生较多从事娱乐 的时间。娱乐并不如某些人所想的，是在浪费时间，它可以让学生锻炼身体，发 挥被繁重课业扼杀的想象力。此外，繁重的课业加诸在高中生身上的压力可能引 起严重的情绪紧张，这对身心都有害。我并非主张废除学校课业，但是我认为减 轻目前繁重的课业对于学生和整个社会都是有益的。 3(Time【时间】 Lost time is never found again. This is something which I learned very clearly last semester. I spent so much time fooling around that my grades began to suffer. I finally realized that something had to be done. It was time for a change. Now I have a new plan for using my time wisely. I have set my alarm clock ahead half an hour. This will give me a head start on the day. I have also decided to keep a log of what I do and when I do it. Looking back on what I’ve done will give me some ideas on how to reorganize my time. 时光一去不复返，这是我上学期清楚学到的教训。我浪费很多时间四处游荡， 以致于我的成绩开始退步。最后我终于了解到我必须有所作为;该是痛改前非的 时候了。 现在我有一个明智运用时间的新方法。我已将闹钟早拨半小时，这将使我这一 天的作息提前开始。我也决定将我所做的一切及做这些事的时间 记录 混凝土 养护记录下载土方回填监理旁站记录免费下载集备记录下载集备记录下载集备记录下载 下来。回顾 我所做的事情会启发我如何重新安排我的时间。 4(Work and Play【工作与娱乐】 Work and play do not contradict each other; in fact, they complement each other. As the saying goes, "All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy." A life burdened with work leads you nowhere, for you would get tired and bored with your daily routine work. On the other hand, proper recreation will relieve the tension and discomfort of our monotonous life because it offers you various ways to let out your pent-up emotions. What I usually do to relax after school is jogging and seeing movies. Usually I don't spare time for exercise, but I value the physical education class at school. Jogging several rounds in the field certainly relieves the day's pressure. On weekends, I'll catch the morning movie for my visual enjoyment. I feel revived and energetic for another week's work-load. 工作与娱乐并不互相冲突，事实上，它们之间的关系还相辅相成。有句格言说: 「整日工作而没有休闲娱乐，会令人变得沉闷乏味。」被工作重担压得喘不过气 来的生活，将使你一事无成，因为你将对一成不变的例行公事感到厌烦。由另一 方面来说，适度的娱乐活动能提供各种管道，来渲泄你被压抑的情绪，减轻单调 生活中的紧张与不悦。 放学之后，我最常做的休闲活动，便是慢跑与看电影。通常我并不特地拨出时 间来做运动，但是我很重视学校的体育课。在操场上慢跑几圈，无疑地可以减轻 一天的压力。在周末时，我都去看早场电影，享受视觉飨宴。如此一来，我将有 如再生般的充沛活力，去面对下一星期的工作量。 5(My first Job【我的第一份工作】 My first job was at a cramming school. It was three years ago when I just graduated from junior high school and finished the entrance examination. since I had nothing to do that summer, I decided to find a job, tasting the joy of independence. I was responsible for answering the telephone and taking the message. I worked eight hours a day, six days a week. The work was not difficult nor heavy to me and I guess I did well. The most delighted thing was perhaps that I could spend the money I earned all by myself. 我的第一份工作是在一家补习班做事。那是三年前我刚从国中毕业，考完联考 时的事了。既然我那整个夏天都闲着没事，倒不如找份差事，尝尝独立赚钱的快 乐。 我负责接听电话且纪录留言的工作。我一天工作八小时，一星期工作六天。那 份工作对我而言既不困难亦不沉重，所以我想我还满称职的。而最令人快乐的事 大概莫过于花全部由自己赚来的钱了～ 6(My Favorite Sports【我最喜爱的运动】 Sports help everyone to keep healthy, happy, and efficient. So I pay special attention to games, especially table-tennis. Table tennis is my favorite game. I play it almost every day. Table-tennis is an ideal game us because it brings the whole body into action. It strengthens our muscles, expands our lungs, promotes the circulation of the blood, and causes a healthy action of the skin. Besides, it is very amusing and does not cost us much money. Table-tennis is very moderate; it is not so rough as football. It is an indoor game and can be played even on rainy days. Thus, it is my favorite kind of exercise. 运动能帮助每一个人保持健康、快乐和有效率。所以我特别重视运动，特别是 桌球，桌球是我最喜欢的运动。我几乎每天玩。 桌球对我们而言，是一项理想的运动，因为它可以使我们全身运动，它可以增 强我们的肌肉，扩张我们的肺部，促进血液循环，并且使肌肤产生健康作用，此 外，它很有趣而且所费不多。桌球是相当温和适中的，它不像足球那么粗野。它 是一种室内运动，甚至在下雨天也能玩。因此，桌球是我最喜爱的一种运动。 英语语法主谓一致精讲 主谓一致是指:1) 语法形式上要一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致;2) 意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致;3) 就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语。 一般来说，不可数名词用动词单数，可数名词复数用动词复数。 例:There is much water in the thermos. 热水瓶里有很多水。 但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。 例:Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year.去年产碳1万吨。 1. 并列结构作主语时谓语用复数 例:Reading and writing are very important. 读和写非常重要。 注意: 主语由and连结时，如果它表示一个单一的概念，即指同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数，and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。 例:The iron and steel industry is very important to our life. 铁和钢对我们的生活非常重要。 2. 主谓一致中的靠近原则 1)当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。例: a) There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk. 桌上有一只笔，一把刀和几本书。 b) There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class. 班上有20个男生，23个女生。 2)当either… or… 与neither… nor， 连接两个主语时，谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。如果句子是由here, there引导，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常也和 最邻近的主语一致。例: a) Either you or she is to go. 你或她会去。 b) Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you. 这儿有一只笔，一些信封和给你的几张纸。 3. 谓语动词与前面的主语一致 当主语后面跟有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等词引起的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语一致。例: a) The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. 老师正在和一些学生参观工厂。 b) He as well as I wants to go boating. 我和他都想去划船。 4. 谓语需用单数 1) 代词each和由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语，或主语中含有each, every, 谓语需用单数。例: a) Each of us has a tape-recorder. 我们每个人都有一台录音机。 b) There is something wrong with my watch. 我的表出了点儿问题。 2) 当主语是一本书或一条格言时，谓语动词常用单数。例: The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English. <<天方夜谭>>是英语爱好者熟悉的一本好书。 3) 表示金钱，时间，价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语 时，通常把这些名词看作一个整体，谓语一般用单数。(用复数也可，意思不变。)例: a) Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations. 有三周的时间来 做必要的准备。 b) Ten yuan is enough. 10元钱就够了。 5. 指代意义决定谓语的单复数 1) 在代词what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。例: a) All is right. 一切顺利。 b) All are present. 所有人都到齐了。 2) 集体名词作主语时，谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。如family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等词后用复数形式时，意为这个集体中的各个成员，用单数时表示该个集体。例: a) His family isn't very large. 他家不是一个大家庭。 b) His family are music lovers. 他的家人都是音乐爱好者。 但集合名词people, police, cattle, poultry等在任何情况下都用复数形式。 Are there any police around? 周围有警察吗, 3)有些名词，如variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有时看作单数，有时看作复数。A number of +名词复数+复数动词。The number of +名词复数+单数动词。例: a) A number of books have lent out.许多书已经借出去了。 b) The majority of the students like English. 大多数学生都喜欢英语 6. 与后接名词或代词保持一致 1) 用half of, part of, most of, a portion of 等词引起主语时，动词通常与of后面的名 词，代词保持一致。例: a) Most of his money is spent on books. 他的大多数钱都用来买书了。 b) Most of the students are taking an active part in sports. 大多数学生都积极参加体育运动。 2) 在一些短语，如 many a 或 more than one 所修饰的词作主语时，谓语动词多用单数形式。但由more than… of 作主语时，动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致。例: a) Many a person has read the novel. 许多人都读过这本书。 b) More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.百分之六十多的学生都来自这个城市。 英语语法专项练习-主谓一致 主谓一致(Subject- Verb Agreement)，指”人称”和”数方面的一致关系.如: He is going abroad. They are playing football. 可分为:语法一致, 内容一致, 就近一致. (一) 语法一致原则: 即主语为单数,谓语用单数,主语为复数,谓语也用复数. 以下为注意事项: 1. 单数主语即使后面带有with , along with, together with, like(象), but (除了),except, besides, as well as, no less than, rather than(而不是), including, in addition to 引导的短语, 谓语动词仍用单数. 如: Air as well as water is matter. 空气和水都是物质. No one except two servants was late for the dinner. 除了两个仆人外, 没有一个人迟来用餐。 2. 用and连接的并列主语,如果主语是同一个人,同一事,同一概念, 谓语动词用单数, 否则用复数. 如: The poet and writer has come. 那位诗人兼作家来了.(一个人) A hammer and a saw are useful tools. 锤子和锯都是有用的工具. (两样物) 用and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体, 如:bread and butter(黄油抹面包), knife and fork(刀叉)等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。 3. 不定式(短语), 动名词(短语), 或从句作主语时, 谓语动词用单数. 如: Serving the people is my great happiness. 为人民服务是我最大的幸福. When we’ll go out for an outing has been decided. 我们什么时候出去郊游已决定了。 4. 用连接的并列主语被each, every 或no修饰时, 谓语动词用单数. Every boy and every girl likes to go swimming. 每个男孩和每个女孩都喜欢去游泳. No teacher and no student was absent from the meeting. 没有老师也没有学生开会缺席. Each man and (each) woman is asked to help. 每个男人和每个女人都被请去帮忙。 5. each of + 复数代词, 谓语动词用单数. 复数代词+each, 谓语动词用单数.如: Each of us has something to say. 我们每个人都有话要说。 6. 若主语中有more than one 或many a/an , 尽管从意义上看是复数, 但它的谓语动词仍用单数。 但more+复数名词+than one做主语时, 谓语动词仍用复数. 如: Many a boy likes playing basketball. 许多男生都喜欢打篮球. More than one student was late. 不只一个学生迟到 More persons than one come to help us. 不止一个人来帮助我们。 7. none 做主语时,谓语动词可用单数, 也可用复数; 但在代表不可数的东西时总是看作单数,因而谓语动词要用单数. 如: None of us are (is) perfect. 人无完人。 None of this worries me. 这事一点不使我着急。 8. 名词如: trousers, scissors, clothes, goods, glasses 等作主语时, 谓语动词必须用复数. 如: His clothes are good. 但这些名词前若出现 a pair of , 谓语一般用单数.如: A pair of glasses is on the desk. 桌上有一副眼镜。 9. 形复意单名词如:news ; 以ics 结尾的学科名称如: physics, mathematics, economics; 国名如: the United States; 报纸名如: the New Times; 书名如: Arabian Night <天方夜谈>; 以及The United Nations<联合国> 等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。 10. “a +名词+and a half “, “one and a half + 名词”, “the number of + 名词” 等作主语时, 谓语动词要用单数. 如: Only one and a half apples is left on the table. 注意: one or two + 复数名词作主语, 谓语动词用复数形式, 如: One or two places have been visited. 参观了一两个地点。 (二) 内容一致原则: 1.主语中有all, half, most, the rest等, 以及”分数或百分数+名词”做主语时,谓语动词单复数取决于连用的名词.如: The rest of the bikes are on sale today. 剩下的自行车， 今天出售。 60%of the apple was eaten by little boy. 这个苹果的60%都被这个小男孩吃了。 Most of the apples were rotten. 大部分的苹果都是烂的。 Most of the apple was eaten by a rat. 这个苹果的大部分被老鼠吃了。 2. 不定数量的词组, 如:part of , a lot of , lots of , one of , a number of , plenty of等作主语时, 谓语动词的单复数取决于量词后面名词的数.如: A part of the textbooks have arrived. 一小部分教科书已运到。 A part of the apple has been eaten up by the pig. 这个苹果的一部分被猪吃光了。 3. 加减乘除用单数.如: Fifteen minus five is ten . 15减去5等于10。 4. 表示时间, 金钱, 距离, 度量等的名词做主语时, 尽管是复数形式, 它们做为一个单一的概念时, 其谓语动词用单数.如: Ten miles is a good distance. 十英里是一个相当的距离。 5. (1) 通常作复数的集体名词. 包括police , people, cattle 等, 这些集体名词通常用作复数.如: The British police have only very limited powers. (2) 通常作不可数名词的集体名词. 包括equipment, furniture, clothing, luggage 等. (3) 可作单数也可作复数的集体名词. 包括 audience, committee, government, family, enemy, group, party, team, public 等.如: The committee has/have decided to dismiss him. 委员会决定解雇他。 6. the +形容词/过去分词形式”表示一类人或事物, 作主语时, 谓语动词用复数.如: The injured were saved after the fire. (三) 就近原则 1. 由here, there, where 等引导的倒装句中, (有时主语不止一个时)谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致.如: Here comes the bus 公共汽车来了. Here is a pen and some pieces of paper for you. 给你一支钢笔和几张纸。 Where is your wife and children to stay while you are away? 你不在这儿的时候, 你爱人和孩子在哪儿呆呢, 2. 用连词or, either.... or, neither„.nor, not only„.but also 等连接的并列主语, 谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致。 如: Neither the students nor the teacher knows anything about it 学生和老师都不知道这事. He or you have taken my pen. 他或你拿了我的钢笔。 注意: one of +复数名词+who/that/which 引导的定语从句中, 定语从句的动词为复数。如: Mary is one of those people who keep pets. 玛丽是饲养宠物者之一。 The only one of +复数名词+ who/that./which 引导的定语从句中，定语从句的动词应为单数。 Mary is the only one of those people who keeps pets. 玛丽是唯一一个饲养宠物的人。 主谓一致练习 1. About 60 percent of the students _____ from the south, the rest of them _____ from the north and foreign countries. A. are/is B. are/are C. is/are D. are 2. Half of the workers here _____ under 30 _____. A. is/years B. are/year old C. is/years old D. are/years of age 3. Now Tom with his classmates _____ football on the playground. A. play B. are playing C. plays D. is playing 4. The number of pages in this dictionary _____ about two thousand. A. are B. has C. have D. is 5. Thirty dollars _____ too expensive. A. are B. is C. were D. be 6. The audience _____ so large that no seat was left unoccupied in the great hall. A. is B. are C. was D. has 7. The secretary and principal _____ at the meeting now. A. are speaking B. is speaking C. were making a speech D. have a speech 8. "If anybody _____, please put down _____ name," said the teacher to the monitor. A. wants to buy the book/his B. want to buy the book/their C. will buy the book/one's D. wants to have the book bought/her 9. Nothing but one desk and six chairs _____ in the room. A. are B. is stayed C. is D. are left 10. Having arrived at the station, _____. A. it was found that the train had left B. the train had left C. the train was found left D. he found that the train had left 11. Between the two roads _____ a TV tower called "Skyscraper Tower". A. stands B. standing C. which stands D. stand 12. Either of you _____ going there tonight. A. will B. was C. is D. are 13. You as well _____ right. A. I are B. I am C. as I am D. as I are 14. All but Dick _____ in Class Three this term. A. are B. is C. were D. was 15. -- Shall I wait here for three hours? --Yes. Three hours _____ to wait for such a doctor. A. are not very long for you B. is not long enough for you C. was not long enough for you D. will be too long for you 16. Where to get the materials and how to get them _____ at the meeting. A. have not discussed B. have not been discussed C. has not discussed D. has not been discussed 17. I took mathematics and physics because I think that _____ very important for me to make further research in this field. A. what is B. they are C. this D. which are 18. Every student and every teacher _____. A. are going to attend the meeting B. have attended the meeting C. has attended the meeting D. is attended the meeting 19. Three fourths of the bread _____ by Bob, and the rest of the bread _____ left on the table. A. was eaten/were B. were eaten/was C. were eaten/were D. was eaten/was 20. This pair of shoes _____. A. is her B. is hers C. are hers D. are her 21.There ______ no life on the moon. A. is said to have B. are said to have C. is said to be D. are said to be 22.A group of ______ are eating ______ and ______ at the foot of the hill A. sheep; grass; leaves B. sheeps grasses leaves C. sheep; grass leaf D. sheeps grass leafs 23.My family raise a lot of _______, including two______. A. cattles cows B. cows cattle C. cattle cows D. cow, cattles 24.What he says and what he does_______. A. does not agree B. do not agree C. does not agree with D. not agree 25.The boy and the girl each ______ toys. A. have their own B. has their own C. have her own D. has her own 26.She is the only one among the ______ writers who ______stories for children. A. woman, writes B. women write C. women writes D. woman write 27.The railway station is ______from our school. A. two hour`s drive B. two hours` drive C. two hour drive D. two hours drive 28.Mike and John`s ______. A. father is a teacher B. fathers are teachers C. father are teachers D. fathers are teacher 29.A great deal of talking and listening that ______ under casual circumstance may seem to be aimless. A. is occurred B. are occurred C. occurs D. occur 30._______ the classroom needs to be cleaned. A. Either the offices or B. The offices and C. Both the office and D. The office and 31.Three-fourths of the homework ______today. A. has finished B. has been finished C. have finished D. have been finished 32.More than 60 percent of the world’s radio programmes ______in England. A. is B. was C. are D. be 33. ______work has been done to improve the people`s living standard A.A great deal of B.A great many C.A large number of D.Many 34.The rest of the magazines ______ within half an hour. A.is sold out B.are sold out C.was sold out D.were sold out 35.There ______ a lot of sugar in the jar. A. has B.have C.is D.are 36. ―All ______present and all ______going on well‖, our monitor said. A.is is B.are, are C.are is D.is are 37.Yesterday the League secretary and monitor ______ asked to make a speech at the meeting. A.is B.was C.are D.were. 38.Mary as well as her sisters ______ Chinese in China. A.are studying B.have studied C.studies D.study 39.The rich______ not always happy. A.are B.is C.will D.may 40. ______can be done ______done. A.All, have been B.All that ,have been C.All has D.All that ,has been 41.Either of the plans ______equally dangerous. A.are B.is C.has D.have 42.The police ______the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre. A.is searching B.were searching for C.are searching D.was searching for 43.Your trousers ______dirty, you must have______ washed. A.is it B.are it C.are them D.is them 44.The Olympic games ______held every four ______. A.is years B.are years C.is year D.are year 45.He is the oly one of the students who______elected. A.are B.have C.has D.is 46. ______a good enough price for this book A.Two yuans are B.Two yuan are C.Two yuans is D.Two yuan is 47.No bird and no beast ______in the lonely island A.are seen B.is seen C.see D.sees 48.Every means ______prevent the water from______ A.are used to polluting B. get used to polluting C.is used to , polluted D.is used to ,being polluted 49.Each of the ______in the ship. A.passenger has his own room B. passengers have their own room C.passenger have their own room D.sengers has his own room 50.What we need ______good textbooks. A.is B.are C.have D.has 51.What you said just now______to do with the matter we are discussing. A.have something B.has something C.had something D.was something 52.Either your parents or your elder brother ______to attend the meeting tomorrow. A.is B.are C.are going D.have 53.Neither of the novels which ______popular with us ______been translated into Chinese. A.are has B.are have C.is have D.is has 54.Every boy and every girl ______to attend the evening party. A.wish B.wishes C.hope D.are hoping 55._______ has been done. A.nety—nine percents of the work B. Half of what he promised C. Two-fifths of the articles D. Three quarter of the business 答案: 1-5 BDDDB 6-10 ABACD 11-15 ACDAB 16-20 DBCDB 21-25 CACBA 26-30CBACA 31-35 CCADC 36-40CBCAD 41-45 BBCBD 46-50 DBDDB 51-55 BAABB 主谓一致(Subject- Verb Agreement)，指‖人称‖和‖数方面的一致关系.如: He is going abroad. They are playing football. 可分为:语法一致, 内容一致, 就近一致. (一) 语法一致原则: 即主语为单数,谓语用单数,主语为复数,谓语也用复数. 以下为注意事项: 1. 单数主语即使后面带有with , along with, together with, like(象), but (除了),except, besides, as well as, no less than, rather than(而不是), including, in addition to 引导的短语, 谓语动词仍用单数. 如: Air as well as water is matter. 空气和水都是物质. No one except two servants was late for the dinner. 除了两个仆人外, 没有一个人迟来用餐。 2. 用and连接的并列主语,如果主语是同一个人,同一事,同一概念, 谓语动词用单数, 否则用复数. 如: The poet and writer has come. 那位诗人兼作家来了.(一个人) A hammer and a saw are useful tools. 锤子和锯都是有用的工具. (两样物) 用and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体, 如:bread and butter(黄油抹面包), knife and fork(刀叉)等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。 3. 不定式(短语), 动名词(短语), 或从句作主语时, 谓语动词用单数. 如: Serving the people is my great happiness. 为人民服务是我最大的幸福. When we’ll go out for an outing has been decided. 我们什么时候出去郊游已决定了。 4. 用连接的并列主语被each, every 或no修饰时, 谓语动词用单数. Every boy and every girl likes to go swimming. 每个男孩和每个女孩都喜欢去游泳. No teacher and no student was absent from the meeting. 没有老师也没有学生开会缺席. Each man and (each) woman is asked to help. 每个男人和每个女人都被请去帮忙。 5. each of + 复数代词, 谓语动词用单数. 复数代词+each, 谓语动词用单数.如: Each of us has something to say. 我们每个人都有话要说。 6. 若主语中有more than one 或many a/an , 尽管从意义上看是复数, 但它的谓语动词仍用单数。 但more+复数名词+than one做主语时, 谓语动词仍用复数. 如: Many a boy likes playing basketball. 许多男生都喜欢打篮球. More than one student was late. 不只一个学生迟到 More persons than one come to help us. 不止一个人来帮助我们。 7. none 做主语时,谓语动词可用单数, 也可用复数; 但在代表不可数的东西时总是看作单数,因而谓语动词要用单数. 如: None of us are (is) perfect. 人无完人。 None of this worries me. 这事一点不使我着急。 8. 名词如: trousers, scissors, clothes, goods, glasses 等作主语时, 谓语动词必须用复数. 如: His clothes are good. 但这些名词前若出现 a pair of , 谓语一般用单数.如: A pair of glasses is on the desk. 桌上有一副眼镜。 9. 形复意单名词如:news ; 以ics 结尾的学科名称如: physics, mathematics, economics; 国名如: the United States; 报纸名如: the New Times; 书名如: Arabian Night <天方夜谈>; 以及The United Nations<联合国> 等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。 10. ―a +名词+and a half ―, ―one and a half + 名词‖, ―the number of + 名词‖ 等作主语时, 谓语动词要用单数. 如: Only one and a half apples is left on the table. 注意: one or two + 复数名词作主语, 谓语动词用复数形式, 如: One or two places have been visited. 参观了一两个地点。 (二) 内容一致原则: 1.主语中有all, half, most, the rest等, 以及‖分数或百分数+名词‖做主语时,谓语动词单复数取决于连用的名词.如: The rest of the bikes are on sale today. 剩下的自行车， 今天出售。 60%of the apple was eaten by little boy. 这个苹果的60%都被这个小男孩吃了。 Most of the apples were rotten. 大部分的苹果都是烂的。 Most of the apple was eaten by a rat. 这个苹果的大部分被老鼠吃了。 2. 不定数量的词组, 如:part of , a lot of , lots of , one of , a number of , plenty of等作主语时, 谓语动词的单复数取决于量词后面名词的数.如: A part of the textbooks have arrived. 一小部分教科书已运到。 A part of the apple has been eaten up by the pig. 这个苹果的一部分被猪吃光了。 3. 加减乘除用单数.如: Fifteen minus five is ten . 15减去5等于10。 4. 表示时间, 金钱, 距离, 度量等的名词做主语时, 尽管是复数形式, 它们做为一个单一的概念时, 其谓语动词用单数.如: Ten miles is a good distance. 十英里是一个相当的距离。 5. (1) 通常作复数的集体名词. 包括police , people, cattle 等, 这些集体名词通常用作复数.如: The British police have only very limited powers. (2) 通常作不可数名词的集体名词. 包括equipment, furniture, clothing, luggage 等. (3) 可作单数也可作复数的集体名词. 包括 audience, committee, government, family, enemy, group, party, team, public 等.如: The committee has/have decided to dismiss him. 委员会决定解雇他。 6. the +形容词/过去分词形式‖表示一类人或事物, 作主语时, 谓语动词用复数.如: The injured were saved after the fire. (三) 就近原则 1. 由here, there, where 等引导的倒装句中, (有时主语不止一个时)谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致.如: Here comes the bus 公共汽车来了. Here is a pen and some pieces of paper for you. 给你一支钢笔和几张纸。 Where is your wife and children to stay while you are away? 你不在这儿的时候, 你爱人和孩子在哪儿呆呢, 2. 用连词or, either.... or, neither….nor, not only….but also 等连接的并列主语, 谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致。 如: Neither the students nor the teacher knows anything about it 学生和老师都不知道这事. He or you have taken my pen. 他或你拿了我的钢笔。 注意: one of +复数名词+who/that/which 引导的定语从句中, 定语从句的动词为复数。如: Mary is one of those people who keep pets. 玛丽是饲养宠物者之一。 The only one of +复数名词+ who/that./which 引导的定语从句中，定语从句的动词应为单数。 Mary is the only one of those people who keeps pets. 玛丽是唯一一个饲养宠物的人。 主谓一致练习 1. About 60 percent of the students _____ from the south, the rest of them _____ from the north and foreign countries. A. are/is B. are/are C. is/are D. are 2. Half of the workers here _____ under 30 _____. A. is/years B. are/year old C. is/years old D. are/years of age 3. Now Tom with his classmates _____ football on the playground. A. play B. are playing C. plays D. is playing 4. The number of pages in this dictionary _____ about two thousand. A. are B. has C. have D. is 5. Thirty dollars _____ too expensive. A. are B. is C. were D. be 6. The audience _____ so large that no seat was left unoccupied in the great hall. A. is B. are C. was D. has 7. The secretary and principal _____ at the meeting now. A. are speaking B. is speaking C. were making a speech D. have a speech 8. "If anybody _____, please put down _____ name," said the teacher to the monitor. A. wants to buy the book/his B. want to buy the book/their C. will buy the book/one's D. wants to have the book bought/her 9. Nothing but one desk and six chairs _____ in the room. A. are B. is stayed C. is D. are left 10. Having arrived at the station, _____. A. it was found that the train had left B. the train had left C. the train was found left D. he found that the train had left 11. Between the two roads _____ a TV tower called "Skyscraper Tower". A. stands B. standing C. which stands D. stand 12. Either of you _____ going there tonight. A. will B. was C. is D. are 13. You as well _____ right. A. I are B. I am C. as I am D. as I are 14. All but Dick _____ in Class Three this term. A. are B. is C. were D. was 15. -- Shall I wait here for three hours? --Yes. Three hours _____ to wait for such a doctor. A. are not very long for you B. is not long enough for you C. was not long enough for you D. will be too long for you 16. Where to get the materials and how to get them _____ at the meeting. A. have not discussed B. have not been discussed C. has not discussed D. has not been discussed 17. I took mathematics and physics because I think that _____ very important for me to make further research in this field. A. what is B. they are C. this D. which are 18. Every student and every teacher _____. A. are going to attend the meeting B. have attended the meeting C. has attended the meeting D. is attended the meeting 19. Three fourths of the bread _____ by Bob, and the rest of the bread _____ left on the table. A. was eaten/were B. were eaten/was C. were eaten/were D. was eaten/was 20. This pair of shoes _____. A. is her B. is hers C. are hers D. are her 21.There ______ no life on the moon. A. is said to have B. are said to have C. is said to be D. are said to be 22.A group of ______ are eating ______ and ______ at the foot of the hill A. sheep; grass; leaves B. sheeps grasses leaves C. sheep; grass leaf D. sheeps grass leafs 23.My family raise a lot of _______, including two______. A. cattles cows B. cows cattle C. cattle cows D. cow, cattles 24.What he says and what he does_______. A. does not agree B. do not agree C. does not agree with D. not agree 25.The boy and the girl each ______ toys. A. have their own B. has their own C. have her own D. has her own 26.She is the only one among the ______ writers who ______stories for children. A. woman, writes B. women write C. women writes D. woman write 27.The railway station is ______from our school. A. two hour`s drive B. two hours` drive C. two hour drive D. two hours drive 28.Mike and John`s ______. A. father is a teacher B. fathers are teachers C. father are teachers D. fathers are teacher 29.A great deal of talking and listening that ______ under casual circumstance may seem to be aimless. A. is occurred B. are occurred C. occurs D. occur 30._______ the classroom needs to be cleaned. A. Either the offices or B. The offices and C. Both the office and D. The office and 31.Three-fourths of the homework ______today. A. has finished B. has been finished C. have finished D. have been finished 32.More than 60 percent of the world’s radio programmes ______in England. A. is B. was C. are D. be 33. ______work has been done to improve the people`s living standard A.A great deal of B.A great many C.A large number of D.Many 34.The rest of the magazines ______ within half an hour. A.is sold out B.are sold out C.was sold out D.were sold out 35.There ______ a lot of sugar in the jar. A. has B.have C.is D.are 36. ―All ______present and all ______going on well‖, our monitor said. A.is is B.are, are C.are is D.is are 37.Yesterday the League secretary and monitor ______ asked to make a speech at the meeting. A.is B.was C.are D.were. 38.Mary as well as her sisters ______ Chinese in China. A.are studying B.have studied C.studies D.study 39.The rich______ not always happy. A.are B.is C.will D.may 40. ______can be done ______done. A.All, have been B.All that ,have been C.All has D.All that ,has been 41.Either of the plans ______equally dangerous. A.are B.is C.has D.have 42.The police ______the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre. A.is searching B.were searching for C.are searching D.was searching for 43.Your trousers ______dirty, you must have______ washed. A.is it B.are it C.are them D.is them 44.The Olympic games ______held every four ______. A.is years B.are years C.is year D.are year 45.He is the oly one of the students who______elected. A.are B.have C.has D.is 46. ______a good enough price for this book A.Two yuans are B.Two yuan are C.Two yuans is D.Two yuan is 47.No bird and no beast ______in the lonely island A.are seen B.is seen C.see D.sees 48.Every means ______prevent the water from______ A.are used to polluting B. get used to polluting C.is used to , polluted D.is used to ,being polluted 49.Each of the ______in the ship. A.passenger has his own room B. passengers have their own room C.passenger have their own room D.sengers has his own room 50.What we need ______good textbooks. A.is B.are C.have D.has 51.What you said just now______to do with the matter we are discussing. A.have something B.has something C.had something D.was something 52.Either your parents or your elder brother ______to attend the meeting tomorrow. A.is B.are C.are going D.have 53.Neither of the novels which ______popular with us ______been translated into Chinese. A.are has B.are have C.is have D.is has 54.Every boy and every girl ______to attend the evening party. A.wish B.wishes C.hope D.are hoping 55._______ has been done. A.nety—nine percents of the work B. Half of what he promised C. Two-fifths of the articles D. Three quarter of the business 答案: 1-5 BDDDB 6-10 ABACD 11-15 ACDAB 16-20 DBCDB 21-25 CACBA 26-30CBACA 31-35 CCADC 36-40CBCAD 41-45 BBCBD 46-50 DBDDB 51-55 BAABB 英语中六大从句用法总结 1.主语从句 1)主语从句可直接位于主语的位置，如果从句较长，谓语又较短，可用it作形 式主语，而将从句放在句末。常见的句型有: *It is a fact\a pity\a question\good news that... *It seems\appears\happened\has turned out that... *It is clear\important\likely\possible that... *It is said\reported\estimated\has been proved that... It is said that comic books create a connection between people of the same generati on. It seems that the performance is very useful. 2)what引导的主语从句表示―...的东西时‖，一般不用it作形式主语。 What we lack is experience. 3)what,who,when,why,whether等词含有各自的疑问意义，但它们引导的主语从句， 都用陈述语序。 How the plan is to be carried out should be discussed again. I did know why I felt like crying. 2.宾语从句 1)宾语从句可位于及物动词、介词和某些形容词后。连词that常可省略。介词 后一般接疑问词引导的宾语从句。in that(因为),except that(除了),but that(只是)已 构成固定搭配，其他介词后一般不接that引导的宾语从句。 *I promised that I would change the situation. *All this is different from what American young people would say about friendship. *He is certain that watching so much television is not good for children. *This article is well-written except that it is a bit too long. 2)宾语从句后如有宾补，要用形式宾语it来代替，而把宾语从句移至宾补之后。 He has made it clear that he would not change his mind. 3)在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词后的宾语从句中，如果谓语是否定的，一般 将否定词移至主句谓语上，宾语从句则变成肯定形式。 He didn't think that the money was well spent. 3.表语从句 表语从句出现在结构为―主语+系动词+表语从句‖的句子中。表语从句除可用that, what,when,why,whether,how等引导外，还可由because,as if(though)等引导。that常可 省略。如主句主语为reason,只能用that引导表语从句，不可用because. Perhaps the most important thing to remember is that there is no one common type of life in America. The reason why so many people died there is that there were not enough food supplies. It looks as if successful international cultural communication will make the world smaller. 4.同位语从句 同位语从句用于对前面出现的名词作进一步说明，一般用连词that引导，由于先 行名词的意义不同，也可用whether,who,when,where,what,why,how等引导。常见的先 行名词有fact,idea,belief,news,hope,conclusion,evidence,suggestion,order,problem,report,decision.有时由于谓语较短，将同位语从句位于谓语之后。 She finally made the decision that she would join the fashion show. I had no idea how many books I could borrow at a time. The news came that their team had won the championship. 5.定语从句 定语从句所修饰的先行词可以是名词或代词，也可以是一个句子。定语从句通常 位于先行词之后，由关系代词或关系副词引导。 *限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句修饰先行词，对先行词起修饰作用，紧接先行词之后，无逗号， 若省去，原句意思不完整。引导定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,whose,which,that 等。who,whom,whose用于指人，whose有时也可指物，相当于of which;which用 于指物;that既可指人也可指物，但只用于限制性定语从句中。关系代词除了引 导定语从句，替代先行词外，还在从句中担任主语、宾语、定语等。 The computers and cables which make up the Internet are owned by people and organizations. nbsp; Those who live alone or who are sick may have trouble in getting close to other people. The girl whose parents died in an accident is living with her grandmother. 1)当先行词是all,anything,everything,something,nothing等不定代词或先行词前有first,la st,any,few,much,some,no,only以及形容词最高级修饰时，只能用关系代词that引导从 句。 That is all that I've heard from him. He's the first person that I'm going to interview this afternoon. 2)关系代词的省略 在从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略。关系代词紧跟介词，作介词宾语时不可用 that，只可用which或whom引导从句，并且不可省略，但当介词位于宾语从句句 末时，作为介词宾语的关系代词仍可用that，也可省略。 This is one of those things with which we have to put up. This is one of those things (which\that) we have to put up with. 3)引导定语从句的关系副词有when,where,why等。关系副词在从句中作状语，意 义上相当于一个―介词+which‖的结构。 Even in comic books where(=in which) there are no words,the stories are fully expres sed through the drawings. No one knows the reason why(=for which) he was so angry that day. 5.定语从句 *非限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句既可修饰先行词，也可修饰整个主句，起补充说明作用，与主 句之间有逗号隔开，若省去，原句意思不受影响。不可用that引导非限制性定语 从句。关系词不可省略。 Every object has a gravitational pull,which is rather like magnetism. *―介词+which\whom\whose‖引导的定语从句 ―介词+which\whom\whose‖可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句，该 结构中介词的选择取决于从句谓语动词的固定搭配，或先行词的习惯搭配。 This is the computer on which he spent all his savings It is written by a person with whom we are all familiar. *as引导的定语从句 as引导的定语从句主要用于―such...as‖及―the same...as‖的结构中，代替先行词是人 或物的名词。as引导非限制性定语从句时，代替整个主句，从句可位于主句之前、 之后或中间。 These are not such problems as can be easily solved.(as代替先行词problems) As is mentioned above,no single company or group can control what happens on the Internet.(as代替主语) 6.状语从句 *时间状语从句 引导时间状语从句的从属连词和词组有: 1)when,whenever,while,as,after,before,since,till,until,once等。 We have learnt quite a lot about it since we came here. 2)as soon as,hardly(scarcely)...when,no sooner...than,each(every) time,the moment,immedi ately(that)等。 As soon as I sent an e-mail message,I received positive responses. The moment he heard the good news,he jumped with joy. *地点状语从句 引导地点状语从句的连词是where,wherever. Wherever she went,she took her little daughter with her. *原因、结果和目的状语从句 1)引导原因状语从句的从属连词有:because,as,since,now(that),seeing that,considering that,in that等。 Considering that he is a freshman,we must say he is doing well. 2)引导结果状语从句的连词有:so...that,such...that ,so that,that,so等。 Mickey Mouse is so attractive that the children are reluctant to leave. 3)引导目的状语从句的连词有:so that,in order that,for fear that,lest等，从句常使 用may,might,can,could,would等情态动词。 We got up early this morning so that we could catch the first bus to the railway stati on. *条件和让步状语从句 1)引导条件状语从句的连词和词组有if,unless,as(so) long as,on condition that,in case,provided(providing) that,supposing等。 As long as you have the right equipment,you can use a telephone line to transmit co mputer data. 2)引导让步状语从句的连词和词组有though,although,whether,even though,even if,no matter what(when,how...),whatever(whenever,wherever,however....)等。though,even if等引 导状语从句可转换成含有as的部分倒装结构，具有强调意义。其结构为―形容词 (副词、动词、名词)+as+主语+谓语‖。 No matter what you may say,I would not change my mind. Young as he is,he is quite experienced in this work.(=though he is young) Child as he is,he can speak English fluently.(=though he is a child) *方式状语从句 引导方式状语从句的连词有as,just as,as if,as though等。as if,as though引导的状 语从句中，谓语动词常用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反。 The young man made the experiment just as the teacher had taught him. Everything went on as usual as if nothing had happened. Unit4 grammar ----the –ing form as the adverbial 导学案 Studying aims: consolidate the –ing form as the adverbial Studying important and difficult points: 现在分词作状语的类型及现在分词作状语的注 意事项 Studying method:discussion and explanation 现在分词作状语时，分词动作与主语之间常构成主谓关系，说明谓语动作发生的 原因、方式、时间、条件、结果、伴随等方面的情况。如: In April, 2009, President Hu inspected the warships in Qingdao, A the 60th anniversary of the founding of the PLA Navy. (2009福建) A. marking B. marked C. having marked D. being marked A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city, _____B____ all four people on board. (2009上海) A. killed B. killing C. kills D. to kill 【重点归纳】 现在分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。如: Opening the window, a butterfly flew into my study. (误) Opening the window, I saw a butterfly flying into my study. (正) 1. 现在分词的时态 现在分词有一般式(doing)和完成式(having done)之分;现在分词的完成式表示分词 动作发生在谓语动作之前。如: ___C___ in the queue for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car. (2008福建) A. Waiting B. To wait C. Having waited D. To have waited 2. 现在分词的语态 现在分词一般式的被动语态(being done)表示某被动动作正在进行;现在分词完成 式的被动语态(having been done)表示某被动动作发生在谓语动作之前。如: _____D___ many times, he finally understood it. (2009四川) A. Told B. Telling C. Having told D. Having been told 3. 现在分词的否定式 现在分词的否定形式是由not 加现在分词构成的。如: __C____ that he was in great danger, Eric walked deeper into the forest. (2008浙江) A. Not realized B. Not to realize C. Not realizing D. Not to have realized 4. v-ing形式与状语从句的转换 v-ing形式作状语在句法功能上相当于一个状语从句。如: Having lived in Britain for years, he acted as our guide during our stay in London. = Since he had lived in Britain for years, he acted as our guide during our stay in London. Working hard with a strong will, you can also make a difference. = If you work hard with a strong will, you can also make a difference. (1)“连词 + v-ing形式”作状语 while, when, before, although, unless等引导的状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时， 在简化为v-ing形式作状语时，通常要保留原连词，形成“连词 + 现在分词”结 构。如: Although we have nothing to do here, we can’t leave here. = Although having nothing to do here, we can’t leave here. (2) 若作状语的现在分词的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致，分词就要带上自己的逻 辑主语构成独立主格结构。如: The meeting being over (= When the meeting was over), we all drove home. Time permitting (= If time permits), I will attend the meeting to be held tomorrow. 注意:状语从句的主语与主句的主语不一致，在简化为v-ing形式作状语时，要 去掉原连词。如: When his homework had been finished, he went home. = When his homework having been finished, he went home. (×) = His homework having been finished, he went home. (?) (3)“on / upon + v-ing形式”作状语。如: On arriving at the party, she found all the people gone. = When she arrived at the party, she found all the people gone. (4)“副词 + v-ing形式”作状语。如: My car was caught in a traffic jam, thus causing the delay. 【难点点拨】 1. 过去分词和现在分词作状语的区别 现在分词在句中也可以作时间、条件、原因、让步、方式或伴随状语，但所不同 的是现在分词与句子的主语在逻辑上是主谓关系。也可以用现在分词的完成式， 则表示动作的完成。过去分词作状语时，它表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作， 它们之间是被动关系。现在分词的被动式表示正在进行的被动动作，过去分词表 示被动完成的动作。如: _____D____ the right kind of training, these teenage soccer players may one day grow into the international stars. (2009江西) A. Giving B. Having given C. To give D. Given _____A______ that she was going off to sleep, I asked if she’d like that little doll on her bed. (2008北京) A. Seeing B. To see C. See D. Seen 2. v-ing形式与不定式作结果状语的区别 v-ing形式作结果状语表示意料之中的结果，而不定式作结果状语表示意料之外的 情况。比较: The child fell, striking his head against the door. She went home only to find her house broken into. He hurried to the booking office only ____B_________ that all the tickets had been sold out. (2006陕西) A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told 3. 悬垂分词状语 分词短语一般要与句子主语保持一致，但有一些固定的分词短语却不必与其逻辑 主语保持一致。常见的此类短语有:generally speaking一般地说;strictly speaking 严格地说;frankly speaking坦率地说;judging from / by由„„判断出。如: Generally speaking, women live longer than men. Judging from the look of the sky, we’ll have a rain this evening. 现在分词练习题 一( 单句改错 1( To be ill ,shi didn’t go to school today. 2. Seen nobody at home ,I decided to come again later . 3. Not known her telephone number ,I couldn’t ring her up 4. Turn to the right ,you will find the place you want. 二( 用所给词的正确形式填空 1( It seemed that he avoinded -----(get) too close her . 2( Reading is --------,but speaking the language is also a kind of------.(learn) 3. The news that the chinese team won the gold medal was very -------(encourage) 4.It is clear that your ------english will be grately improved if you can practise -----whenever you can .(speak) 5.I saw them----------(whisper) to each other ;obviously they do not want to be heard by others. 6 I counted the people -----(enter )the theatre, and there were 547 of them . 7.The man with sunglasses -----------(stand )next to the car is a detective . 8.--------(be ) ill ,he did not take part in the sports meeting. 9.--------(drive ) his car around is his main hobby. 10.-------- (know) she had got injured ,he hurried to the hospital to see her. 三( 句型转换 1( A:after we cleaned the rooms we began to weed the garden. B:------ --------the rooms we began toweed the garden. .2 A;because he was ill,he could not go to school. B;-----------------,he could not go to school. 3. A:Working diligently,you will certainly succeed B: ----------------- work diligently ,you will certainly succeed. 4 . A:My car was caught in a traffic jam,which caused the delay. B:My car was caught in a traffic jam ,-------------- the delay. 5. A : we travelled by train and visited a number of cities. B:---------------- by train ,we visited a number of cities 6. A:while you are crossing the street ,you must be careful. B: while -----------------, you must be careful. 四( 单项填空 1( Suddenly,a tall man driving a golden carriage ---------the girl and took her away ,---------into the woods. A:seizing ;disappeared B:seized; disappeared C: seizing :disappearing D; seized; disappearing 2.with time--------by ,our scool become more and more beautiful. A: to pass B:past C: passed D; Passing 3.there was a terrible noise -------------the sudden burst of light. A:followed B:following C: to be followed D; being followed 4.----------------the earth to be flat ,many feared that columbus would fall off the edge. A: Having believed B:Believing C: Believed D; Being believed 5.---------------a reply ,he decided to write again. A: Not receving B: Receving not C: Not having received D; Having not received Sum up :-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- :-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- side by side 并排, 并肩 learn ... by heart 用心学习 combine ... with ... 与...结合 in that circumstances 如果是那样的话 replace ... with ... 用...代替... keep a record of 记录 comments on ... 关于...的意见 at least 至少来源: speak about 谈及 expect of/from... 从...当中期待 in return 作为回报 the survey on ... 关于...的调查 differ in... 在...不同 emerge from... 从...出现 be satisfied with... play ... roles 扮演...的角色 lean over... 弯下身子 俯身于...之上 turn out 结果是，证明是 in silence 在沉默中 burst into laughter 突然笑出声来 concentrate on ... 全神贯注于... be replaced by 被...所取代 for the purpose of... 为了..., 因...起见 distinguish ... from ... 区分...与... communicate with... 与...交流 one another 彼此，相互 by means of... 用...的方法 at the approach of... 在...快到的时候 differ from... 与...不同 for instance 举例来说 divide ... into ... 把...分成... enable sb. to do ... 使某人能够做某事 wave goodbye 挥别 in sympathy with 同情 赞成 和...一致 look over 察看, 检查 a lack of... 缺少... check with... 与...协商 tend to do... 趋向于做...，喜欢做... call after 追喊, 以...命名 call for 要求, 提倡 fight against 与...作战(敌人之间) fight with 与...作战(战友之间) agreement on ... 关于...达成的 协议 离婚协议模板下载合伙人协议 下载渠道分销协议免费下载敬业协议下载授课协议下载 add up 合计 add to 增加 take ... for example in price 在价格上 in the long run 从长远来看，最后 on offer 在出售中 choose from... 从...中挑选 be curious about... 对...感到好奇 confront with... 使面临, 使面对 with interest 有兴趣地 an average of ... 平均是... at high altitudes 在很高的地方 draw one’s attention 吸引某人的注意 focus on 集中考试大论坛 in years to come 在未来的几年内 as a matter of fact 实际上 adopt a positive approach 采取一种正确的方法 wait for 等待 pass through 经过, 通过 a sequence of 一系列的 set apart from 把...区分开 take ... for granted 以...为骄傲 be aware of/that 注意到 translate into 翻译成 set in 开始 intend to do 想要做 looking forward to 期望 be built from... 用...去建造 a wide variety of 很多的 at advanced levels 在高级范围内 carry out 完成，实施 according to 根据 aim to do 指望做某事 make sacrifices to do 做出牺牲而做 in depth 深入地 新整理的有用词组~ a series of 一系列,一连串 above all 首先,尤其是 after all 毕竟,究竟 ahead of 在...之前 ahead of time 提前 all at once 突然,同时 all but 几乎;除了...都 all of a sudden 突然 all over 遍及 all over again 再一次,重新 all the time 一直,始终 all the same 仍然,照样的 as regards 关于,至于 anything but 根本不 as a matter of fact 实际上 apart from 除...外(有/无) as a rule 通常,照例 as a result(of) 因此,由于 as far as ...be concerned 就...而言 as far as 远至,到...程度 as for 至于,关于 as follows 如下 as if 好像,仿怫 as good as 和...几乎一样 as usual 像平常一样,照例 as to 至于,关于 all right 令人满意的;可以 as well 同样,也,还 as well as 除...外(也),即...又 aside from 除...外(还有) at a loss 茫然,不知所措 at a time 一次,每次 at all 丝毫(不),一点也不 at all costs 不惜一切代价 at all events 不管怎样,无论如何 at all times 随时,总是 at any rate 无论如何,至少 at best 充其量,至多 at first 最初,起先 at first sight 乍一看,初看起来 at hand 在手边,在附近 at heart 内心里,本质上 at home 在家,在国内 at intervals 不时,每隔... at large 大多数,未被捕获的 at least 至少 at last 终于 at length 最终,终于 at most 至多,不超过 at no time 从不,决不 by accident 偶然 at one time 曾经,一度;同时 at present 目前,现在 at sb's disposal 任...处理 at the cost of 以...为代价 at the mercy of 任凭...摆布 at the moment 此刻,目前 at this rate 照此速度 at times 有时,间或 back and forth 来回地,反复地 back of 在...后面 before long 不久以后 beside point 离题的,不相干的 beyond question 毫无疑问 by air 通过航空途径 by all means 尽一切办法,务必 by and by 不久,迟早 by chance 偶然,碰巧 by far 最,...得多 by hand 用手,用体力 by itself 自动地,独自地 by means of 用,依靠 by mistake 错误地,无意地 by no means 决不,并没有 by oneself 单独地,独自地 by reason of 由于 by the way 顺便说说 by virtue of 借助,由于 by way of 经由,通过...方法 due to 由于,因为 each other 互相 even if/though 即使,虽然 ever so 非常,极其 every now and then 时而,偶尔 every other 每隔一个的 except for 除了...外 face to face 面对面地 far from 远非,远离 for ever 永远 for good 永久地 for the better 好转 for the moment 暂时,目前 for the present 暂时,目前 for the sake of 为了,为了...的利益 for the time being 暂时,眼下 from time to time 有时,不时 hand in hand 手拉手 ,密切关联 head on 迎面地,正面的 heart and soul 全心全意地 how about ...怎么样 in a hurry 匆忙,急于 in case of 假如,防备 in a moment 立刻,一会儿 in a sense 从某种意义上说 in a way 在某种程度上 in a word 简言之,总之 in accordance with 与...一致,按照 in addition 另外,加之 in addition to 除...之外(还) in advance 预先,事先 in all 总共,合计 in any case 无论如何 in any event 无论如何 in brief 简单地说 in charge of 负责,总管 in common 共用的,共有的 in consequence(of) 因此;由于 in debt 欠债,欠情 in detail 详细地 in difficulty 处境困难 in effect 实际上,事实上 in general 一般来说,大体上 in favor of 支持,赞成 in front of 面对,在...前 in half 成两半 in hand 在进行中,待办理 in honor of 为庆祝,为纪念 in itself 本质上,就其本身而言 in line with 与...一致 in memory of 纪念 in no case 决不 in no time 立即,马上 in no way 决不 in order 按顺序,按次序 in other words 换句话说 in part 部分地 in particular 特别,尤其 in person 亲自,本人 in place 在合适的位置 in place of 代替,取代,交换 in practice 在实践中,实际上 in proportion to 与...成比例 in public 公开地,当众 in quantity 大量 in question 正在谈论的 in regard to 关于,至于 in relation to 关于,涉及 in return 作为报答/回报/交换 in return for 作为对...报答 in short 简言之,总之 in sight 被见到;在望 in spite of 尽管 in step 齐步,合拍 in step with 与...一致/协调 in tears 流着泪,在哭着 in the course of 在...期间/过程中 in the distance 在远处 in the end 最后,终于 in the event of 如果...发生,万一 in the face of 即使;在...面前 in the first place 首先 in the future 在未来 in the least 丝毫,一点 in (the)light of 鉴于,由于 in the way 挡道 in the world 究竟,到底 in time 及时 in touch 联系,接触 in turn 依次,轮流;转而 in vain 徒劳,白费力 instead of 代替,而不是 just now 眼下;刚才 little by little 逐渐地 lots of 许多 many a 许多 more or less 或多或少,有点 next door 隔壁的,在隔壁 no doubt 无疑地 no less than 不少于...;不亚于... no longer 不再 no more 不再 no more than 至多,同...一样不 none other than 不是别的,正是 on one's guard 警惕,提防 nothing but 只有,只不过 now and then 时而,偶尔 off and on 断断续续,间歇地 off duty 下班 on a large/small scale 大/小规模地 on account of 由于 on(an/the) average 平均,通常 on behalf of 代表 on board 在船(车/飞机)上 on business 因公 on condition that 如果 on duty 上班,值班 on earth 究竟,到底 on fire 起火着火 on foot 步行, on guard 站岗,值班 on hand 在场,在手边 on occasion(s) 有时,间或 on one's own 独立,独自 on purpose 故意地 on sale 出售,廉价出售 on schedule 按时间表,准时 on second thoughts 经重新考虑 on the contrary 正相反 on the grounds of 根据,以...为由 on (the) one hand 一方面 on the other hand 另一方面 on the point of 即将...的时刻 on the road 在旅途中 on the side 作为兼职/副 业 on the spot 在场;马上 on the whole 总的来说,大体上 on time 准时 once again 再一次 once(and)for all 一劳永逸地 once in a while 偶尔 once more 再一次 once upon a time 从前 one another 相互 or else 否则,要不然 or so 大约,左右 other than 非;除了 out of 从...中;由于;缺乏 out of breath 喘不过气来 out of control 失去控制 out of date 过时的 out of doors 在户外 out of order 出故障的 out of place 不适当的 out of practice 久不练习,荒疏 out of sight 看不见,在视野外 out of the question 毫无可能的 out of touch 不联系,不接触 over and over(again) 一再地,再三地 prior at 在...之前 quite a few 相当多,不少 rather than 不是...(而是) regardless of 不顾,不惜 right away 立即,马上 side by side 肩并肩,一起 so far 迄今为止 sooner or later 迟早,早晚 step by step 逐步地 such as 例如,诸如 thanks to 由于,多亏 that is (to say) 就是说,即 to the point 切中要害,切题 under control 处于控制之下 under the circumstances 这种情况下 up to date 在进行中 up to 多达;直到;胜任;取决于 what if 切合目前情况的 what about 怎么样 with respect to 如果...将怎么样 with regard to 关于,至于 without question 关于,至于, with the exception of 除...之外 without question 毫无疑问 word for word 逐字的 想学好英语，首先要培养对英语的兴趣。“兴趣是最好的老师”,兴趣是学习英语的巨大 动力，有了兴趣，学习就会事半功倍。我们都有这样的经验:喜欢的事，就容易坚持下 去,不喜欢的事，是很难坚持下去的。而兴趣不是与生俱来的，需要培养。有的同学说:“我一看到英语就头疼，怎么能培养对英语的兴趣呢,”还有的同学说:“英语单词我今天记了明天忘，我太笨了，唉，我算没治了。”这都是缺乏信心的表现。初学英语时，没有掌握正确的学习方法，没有树立必胜的信心，缺乏了克服困难的勇气，丧失了上进的动力，稍遇失败，就会向挫折缴枪，向困难低头。你就会感到英语是一门枯燥无味的学科，学了一段时间之后，学习积极性也逐渐降低，自然也就不会取得好成绩。但是，只要在老师的帮助下，认识到学英语的必要性，用正确的态度对待英语学习，用科学的方法指导学习。开始时多参加一些英语方面的活动，比如 ，唱英文歌、做英语游戏、读英语幽默短文、练习口头对话等。时间长了，懂得多了，就有了兴趣，当然，学习起来就有了动力和欲望。然后，就要像农民一样勤勤恳恳，不辞辛苦，付出辛勤的劳动和汗水，一定会取得成功，收获丰硕的成果。毕竟是No pains, no gains吗。 练好基本功是学好英语的必要条件，没有扎实的英语基础，就谈不上继续学习，更谈不上有所成就。要想基本功扎实，必须全神贯注地认真听讲,上好每一节课，提高课堂效率，脚踏实地、一步一个脚印地，做到以下“五到”: 一、“心到”。在课堂上应聚精会神，一刻也不能懈怠，大脑要始终处于积极状态，思维要活跃、思路要开阔，心随老师走，听懂每一句话，抓住每一个环节，理解每一个知识点，多联想、多思考，做到心领神会。 二、“手到”。学英语，一定要做课堂笔记。因为人的记忆力是有限的，人不可能都过目不忘，记忆本身就是不断与遗忘作斗争的过程。常言说，“好脑筋不如烂笔头”。老师讲的知识可能在课堂上记住了，可是过了一段时间，就会忘记，所以，做好笔记很有必要。英语知识也是一点点积累起来的，学到的每一个单词、词组以及句型结构，都记在笔记本上，甚至是书的空白处或字里行间，这对以后的复习巩固都是非常方便的。 三、“耳到”。在课堂上，认真听讲是十分必要的，不但要专心听老师对知识的讲解，而且要认真听老师说英语的语音、语调、重音、连读、失去爆破、断句等发音要领，以便培养自己纯正地道的英语口语。听见听懂老师传授的每一个知识点，在头脑里形成反馈以帮助记忆,理解领会老师提出的问题，以便迅速作答，对比同学对问题的回答，以加深对问题的理 解而取别人之长补自己之短。 四、“眼到”。在认真听讲的同时，还要双眼紧随老师观察老师的动作、口形、表情、板书、绘图、教具展示等。大脑里形成的视觉信息和听觉信息相结合，印象就会更加深刻。 五、“口到”。学习语言，不张嘴不动口是学不好的，同学们最大的毛病是读书不出声，害羞不敢张嘴。尤其是早读课，同学们只是用眼看或默读，这样就只有视觉信息，而没有听觉信息在大脑里的反馈，当然记忆也不会太深刻，口部肌肉也得不到锻炼，也就很难练就一口纯正的英语。所以，要充分利用早晨头脑清醒的时间，大声朗读,课堂上要勇跃回答老师提问、积极参与同学间讨论和辩论，课下对不清楚的问题及时提出，要克服害羞心理，不耻下问。对学过的课文要多读、勤读、苦读，可以跟录音机读，竭力模仿其语音语调以纠正发音，要读得抑扬顿挫朗朗上口，一些精典文章最好能背得滚爪烂熟。利用一切可能的机会，练习英语口语，比如，与外教交流、参加“英语角”活动、与同学进行对话、讲英语故事、唱英文歌曲、演英语短剧、进行诗歌朗诵等。除了对课本中的范文要细读精读之外，还要多看些适合我们中学生的课外读物，既可增长知识，又开阔了我们的视野，也提高了我们的阅读水平。 学英语，词汇的记忆是必不可少的，词汇是学好英语的基础，没有了词汇，也就谈不上句子，更谈不上文章，所以记单词对我们就显得极其重要。记忆单词关键有二: 一是持之以恒:每天坚持记忆一定量的词汇，过几天再回头复习一次，这样周期循环，反复记忆，经常使用，就会变短时记忆为长时记忆并牢固掌握。需要注意的是，一旦开始，就要坚持下来，千万不能半途而废，切不可三天打鱼，两天晒网。 二是良好的记忆方法:记忆单词的方法很多，学无定法，但学有良法。我认为，张思中的“集中识词，分类记忆”不失为一种适合中学生的好方法。把中学生应掌握的3500个单词集中汇总，分门别类，先过单词关，然后再学教材，在课本中使用和巩固它们的用法。分类的方法有多种，同一元音或元音字母组合发音相同的单词归为一类,根据词形词性、同义词反义词等集中记忆,把相同词根、前缀、后缀、合成、转化、派生等构词法相同的单词或词组列在一起集中识记印象比较深刻，记忆效果也比较明显。这样每天记40,80个单词，坚持不懈，多联想，多思考，多使用，词汇问题不就解决了吗,在学习的过程中多注视单词的用法 和词组的搭配，牢记老师讲过的单词惯用法和句型，这样不仅有助于我们解题，而且在写作时也会信手拈来，运用自如。 把单词记住，了解词性、词义，掌握其固定搭配与习惯用法，背会时态、从句的各种用法，工作只是完成了一半，我们还得将它们应用到实践中去。就像学游泳，光学理论，不下水应用，不等于掌握了这门技术。不必要搞题海战术，但一定量的典型练习来巩固所学知识是必不可少的。先重视基础练习，如课后习题，单元同步练习，这些是针对课堂知识的巩固性练习，不能好高骛远，光想着一口吃个胖子。基础知识掌握后，有的放失地做一些语法方面的专项练习和考试题型的专题练习。特别提倡同学们准备一本“错题集”，把平时做错的具有代表性的试题或语言点记录下来，以备将来查漏补缺，这样对知识的掌握可以达到事半功倍的效果。 英语是一种语言，不是记住了单词、词组、句型和语法项目就是把它学好了，关键在于使用语言，所以在学习英语时一定要注意听、说、读、写、译全面发展。英语学习首先是一个记忆过程，然后才是实践过程。学习英语，无论如何，勤奋是不可少的，它是一个日积月累的渐进过程，是没有任何捷径可走的，也没有所谓“速成”的灵丹妙方，急于求成，不做踏实工作，是学不好英语的。任何成功的获得都要靠自己的努力，要踏踏实实、勤勤恳恳、兢兢业业、一步一个脚印地学习，端正态度，认真对待学习中的挫折和失败。失败并不可怕，可怕的是对自己丧失信心而一蹶不振。对考试的失败，冷静分析，认真思考，只要对胜利充满信心，善于总结经验教训，不断努力，不断追求，胜利一定是属于你们的