美国文学史及选读·考试资料

美国文学史及选读·考试资料 美国文学选读复习资料 浪漫主义 American Romanticism The Romantic Period stretches from the end of the 18th century to the outbreak of the Civil War. It is a period of the great flowering of American literature. The social and cultural background of Romanticism The young Republic was flourishing into a politically, economically and culturally independent country. The Romantic writings revealed unique characteristics of their own in their works and they grew on the native lands. The desire for an escape from society and a return to nature became a permanent convention of American literature. The American Puritanism as a cultural heritage exerted great influences over American moral values. 爱默生 Emerson = The chief spokesman of New England Transcendentalism 超验主义 He was a descendent of a long line of New England clergymen牧师【pastor】. American Transcendentalism As a philosophical and literary movement, American Transcendentalism (also known as “ American Renaissance”) flourshed in New England from the 1830s to the Civil War. It is the high tide of American romanticism and its doctrines found their greatest literary advocates in Emerson and Thoreau. Transcendentalists spoke for the cultural rejuvenation and against the materialism of American society. Transcendentalism 超验主义(+ H. D. Thoreau; Nathaniel Hawthorne; ) The major features of Transcendentalism: ? The Transcendentalists placed emphasis on spirit, or the Oversoul, as the most important thing in the universe. 思想 超灵 宇宙 ? The Transcendentalists stressed the importance of the individual. To them, the individual is the most important element of Society. 个体+社会 ? The Transcendentalists offered a fresh perception of nature as symbolic of the Spirit or God. Nature was not purely matter. It was alive, filled with God’s overwhelming presence. 自然+上帝 Emerson’s代表作:Nature;Self-Reliance;The American Scholar;The Over-soul; H. D. Thoreau 梭罗and his work Walden 瓦尔登湖not only fully demonstrates Emersonian ideas of self-reliance but also develops and tests Thoreau’s own transcendental philosophy. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow 朗费罗 Features of Longfellow’s poetic works Chief romantic tendencies as humanitarian attitude, love of nature and love of beauty. The first American poet to write narrative poems. Conventional style and subjects Generally simple ideas expressed musically and powerfully. Simplicity and detachment from the deep problems of contemporary life Daybreak;The Bells William Faulkner(1897-1962 1949 Nobel price “Stream of Consciousness” 意识流or “interior monologue”,内心独白 is one of the modern literary techniques. It is the style of writing that attempts to imitate the natural flow of a character’s thoughts, feelings, reflections, memories, and mental images as the character experiences them. It was first used in 1922 by the Irish novelist James Joyce. The Sound and the Fury (1929) 人物?? As I Lay Dying (1930) Light in the August ( 1932) Absalom, Absalom (1936) Go Down Moses (1942) Ernest Hemingway Iceberg Principle (Theory):冰山法则 The dignity of movement of the iceberg is due to only one-eighth of it being above water. Code hero a noble but tragic hero; fighting with the overwhelming force; though he knows that he will be defeated at last, he decides to act like a hero. In one sense Hemingway wrote all his life about one theme, which is neatly summed up in the famous phrase “grace under pressure” Major Works: The Sun Also Rises 1926 (Jake Barnes) A Farewell to Arms 1928 (a tragic story about war and love) (Frederic Henry and Catherine Barkley) For Whom the Bell Tolls 1940 (Spanish civil war) (Robert Jordan) The Old Man and the Sea 1952 (Santiago) Herman Melville 代表作:白鲸Moby Dick Other Works are: Billy Budd,Typee, Omoo, Mardi. Symbolism in Moby Dick:It is regarded as the first American prose epic. 散 文史诗, It turns out to be a symbolic voyage of the mind in quest of the truth 寻 找真理and knowledge of the universe, a spiritual exploration into man’s deep reality and psychology. Different people on board the ship are representations of different ideas and different social and ethnic groups; facts become symbols and incidents acquire universal meanings; the Pequod is the microcosm of human society and the voyage becomes a search for truth. The white whale, Moby Dick, symbolizes nature for Melville, for it is complex, unfathomable难以理解的, malignant恶性的, and beautiful as well. Realism 浪漫主义之后，现代主义之前 As a literary movement, the Age of Realism came into existence after Romanticism with the Civil War It was a reaction against “the lie” of Romanticism and sentimentalism, and paved the way to Modernism. This literary interest in the so-called “reality” of life started a new period in the American literary writing known as The Age of Realism. Psychological Realism It is the realistic writing that probes deeply into the complexities of characters’ thoughts and motivations. And Henry James is considered the founder of psychological realism. He believed that reality lies in the impressions made by life on the spectator, and not in any facts of which the spectator is unaware. Such realism is therefore merely the obligation that the artist assumes to represent life as he sees it. The three dominant figures of the period are William Dean Howells豪威尔斯, Mark Twain, and Henry James. Mark Twain and Howells seemed to have paid more attention to the “life” of the Americans, and Henry James had apparently laid greater emphasis on the “inner world” of man. William Dean Howells:The Rise of Silas Lapham Henry James:The Portrait of a Lady (Isabel Archer; Madam Merle; Gilbert Osmond) Daisy Miller (Daisy; Mr. Winterbourne; Mr. Giovanelli) Mark Twain = Samuel Langhorne Clemens Missouri Writing: humor and local colorism 地方特色 The characteristics of local colorism Twain preferred to have his own region and people at the forefront of his stories. This particular concern about the local character of a region came about as “local colorism,” a unique variation of American literary realism. “The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County,” brought him recognition from a wider public. His best works were produced when he was in the prime of his life:Life on the Mississippi & The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. Mark Twain’s most representative work:The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn His humor, a kind of artistic style used to criticize the social injustice and satirize the decayed romanticism, is remarkable. Nathaniel Hawthorne effected by 超验主义 One of the most ambivalent writers in the American literary history. The Scarlet Letter:红字 Other works: Mosses from an Old Manse; Twice-Told Tales; The Marble Faun; The House of the Seven Gables He is a master of symbolism, which he took from the Puritan tradition 清教 徒传统and bequeathed to American literature in a revivified form. In his masterpiece, by using Pearl as a thematic symbol, Hawthorne emphasizes the consequence the sin of adultery has brought to the community and people living in that community. With the scarlet A as the biggest symbol of all, which is ambiguous, he proves himself to be one of the best symbolists. American Naturalism 自然主义 The impact of Darwin’s evolutionary theory达尔文进化论 on the American thought and the 19th century French literature on the American men of letters gave rise to another school of realism: American naturalism. The naturalists emphasized that the world was amoral与道德无关的, that men and women had no free will, that lives were controlled by heredity遗传 and environment, that the destiny of humanity was misery in life and oblivion湮没 in death. America’s literary naturalists dismissed the validity of comforting moral truths. They attempted to achieve extreme objectivity and frankness, presenting characters of low social and economic classes who were determined by their environment and heredity. 代表作家 Stephen Crane;Frank Norris;Theodore Dreiser;Edwin Arlington Robinson; Upton Sinclair;Jack London;O’ Henry Stephen Crane:Maggie: A Girl of the Streets;The Red Badge of Courage;The Open Boat; The Black Riders and Other Lines;War Is Kind Edwin Arlington Robinson:Richard Cory Jack London:The Call of the Wild;The White Fang;The Sea Wolf;Martin Eden Upton Sinclair:The Jungle O.Henry (William Sydney Porter):The Gift of the Magi;The Cop and the anthem Theodore Dreiser:Trilogy of Desire:1.The Financier2. The Titan3. The Stoic; Sister Carrie;Jennie Gerhardt;An American Tragedy The 20th Century American Poets: Two characteristic strains:introspection自省&social criticism T.S.Eliot:The Waste Land Imagism 意象派 A poetic movement of England and the U.S. that flourished from 1909 to 1917. The movement insists on the creation of images in poetry by “the direct treatment of the thing” and the economy of wording. “poetic techniques to record exactly the momentary impressions” Three main principles of the Imagist Movement (1912) : [1] direct treatment of poetic subjects [2] elimination of merely ornamental or superfluous words, to use no word that does not contribute to the presentation. [3] rhythmical composition in the sequence of the musical phrase rather than in the sequence of a metronome. Ezra Pound:Idaho爱达荷洲worked for the Italian government in WW II, engaged in some radio broadcasts of anti-Semitism and pro-Fascism. 代表作:Cantos; Hugh Selwyn Mauberley; In a Station of the Metro; Cathay William Carlos Williams: The Red Wheelbarrow E.E.Cummings: L(a; r-p-o-p-h-e-s-s-a-g-r Wallace Stevens: Anecdote of the Jar The 20th Century American Poets: Major Features 1. The relationship of art and life; reality and imagination; fact and miracle; chaos and order. 2. References to painting, music, and color. 3. Abstract, philosophical, and difficult. He saw poetry as a personal transaction between self and reality. 4. Meticulous language, though frequently exotic; coined words, and some are employed simply for sound effects. Robert Frost: Fire and Ice; Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening; The Road Not Taken Major Features: 1. His verse was terrifying at first, showing the dark side of human life and society. Later, filled with sunshine. 2.New England as the setting; The subjects come from daily life of ordinary life;Rural poetry in pastoral tradition. ( Wordsworth; Emerson) 3.His themes include landscape and people of New England, loneliness and poverty of isolated farmers, beauty, terror and tragedy in nature. Simple language, a graceful style and traditional forms of poetry. 诗歌鉴赏:In both "Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening" and "The Road Not Taken," the speaker hesitates on route. Compare the hesitations. Do they derive from the same impulse and misgiving or are they distinct? Langston Hughes: The first prominent black writer in American literary history. Poet Laureate of Harlem & O’ Henry of Harlem A poet, playwright, novelist, song writer, biographer, editor, newspaper columnist, translator, lecturer. 主要作品:The Weary Blues, The Dream keeper and Other Poems, Fine Clothes to the Jew Harlem Renaissance In the 1920s in America, there was an upsurge of Black literature, popularly known as the “Harlem Renaissance”, out of which such eminent literary figures as Langston Hughes grew. So, “Harlem Renaissance” is a burst of literary achievement in the 1920s by Negro playwrights, poets and novelists who presented new insights into the American experience and prepared the way for the emergence of numerous Black writers after mid-twentieth century. The Harlem Renaissance began with a work entitled: New Negro: An Interpretation (by Alain Locke). Dialect, folklore, and Jazz. The Modern Period Part I The 1920s-1930s ( the second renaissance of American literature) The Roaring Twenties (economically) The Jazz Age (socially) “lost” and “waste land” (spiritually) There had been a big flush of new theories and new ideas in both social and natural sciences. Darwinism(Darwin), Socialism (Karl Marx), Psychoanalysis (Sigmund Freud) The Lost Generation The term “Lost Generation” came from Gertrude Stein, who had a salon in her house for English and American expatriates in Paris. The Phrase was a remark she made to a mechanic in Hemingway’s presence that “You are all a lost generation.” Gertrude Stein used the term to describe the post-World War I generation of American writers: men and women haunted by a sense of betrayal and emptiness brought about by the destructiveness of the war. The term is commonly applied to Ernest Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Ezra Pound, Sherwood Anderson, John Dos Passos, E.E. Cummings and some others. Winners of Nobel Prize for Literature during this period Sinclair Lewis (1930); Eugene O’Neill (1936); Pearl S. Buck (1938); T.S. Eliot (1948); William Faulkner (1949); Ernest Hemingway (1954); John Steinbeck (1962) Sinclair Lewis Main Street (masterpiece) (a bitter satire on the life style of American small towns) Carol Milford // Will Kennicott Babbitt Some other famous writers and poets: Sherwood Anderson: Winesburg, Ohio; Hands; Paper Pills F. Scott. Fitzgerald: The Great Gatsby; This Side of Paradise; Tender is the Night; The Beautiful and the Damned The Last Tycoon ( unfinished) John Dos Passos Ezra Pound Robert Frost American Dream The is the idea held by many in the United States that through hard work, courage and determination one could achieve prosperity繁荣. These were values held by many early European settlers, and have been passed on to subsequent generations. The term was first used by James Truslow Adams in his book The Epic of America. He states: "The American Dream is "that dream of a land in which life should be better and richer and fuller for everyone, with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement. „.It is not a dream of motor cars and high wages merely, but a dream of social order in which each man and each woman shall be able to attain to the fullest stature of which they are innately capable, and be recognized by others for what they are, regardless of the fortuitous circumstances of birth or position." In the United States’ Declaration of Independence独立宣言, our founding fathers: "„held certain truths to be self-evident, that all Men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness." „„. The Post-War Period 战后 Literature: This period is the rising period of post-modern literature. Many forms of post-modern fiction appeared. The same mood in this period is despair, but continuing to search absurdity荒谬 of modern life; lonely, but searching for the meaning of existence; identity. The Beat Generation 行为怪癖的一代 The Beat Generation is a group of American young writers and artists popular in the 1950s and early 1960s, known especially for their use of non-traditional forms and their rejection of conventional social values. The term "Beat" was reportedly coined by Jack Kerouac in the late 1940s, quickly becoming a slang term in America after World War II, meaning "exhausted" or "beat down" and provided this generation with a definitive label for their personal and social positions and perspectives. The core group consisted of Jack Kerouac, Allen Ginsberg, Neal Cassady and William S. Burroughs。 Jack Kerouac:On the Road (1957), Allen Ginsberg:Howl (1956) William S. Burrough:Naked Lunch (1959). Black Humor To deal with tragic things in comic ways to make it more powerful and more tragic. It refers to the use of morbid病态的 and absurd荒谬的 for darkly comic purpose. It carries the tone of anger, bitterness in the grotesque situation of suffering, anxiety, and death. It makes the reader laugh at the blackness of modern life. The writers usually do not laugh at the characters. 代表人物:Thomas Pynchon + Joseph Helle Joseph Heller:Catch-22 第22条军规 It is not only a war novel, but also a novel about people’s life in peaceful time. This novel attacked the dehumanization of all contemporary institutions and corruptions of individuals who gain power in institutions. Armed-forces are the most outrageous example of the two evils. Walt Whitman The first edition of Leaves of Grass was published in 1855. In this giant work, openness, freedom, and above all, individualism are all that concerned him. What he prefers for his new subject and new poetic feelings is “free verse” 自由诗体, that is , poetry without a fixed beat or regular rhyme scheme. The poet’s essential purpose was to identify his ego with the world, and more specifically with the democratic “en-masse”同一地 of America, which is established in the opening lines of “Song of Myself”. Writing features of Whitman 1. A singer for the ideals of equality , democracy and human dignity. 2. Songs for himself, for the labour of common American people, natural creation, the independence of the country, love and friendship, and for the memorizing of President Lincoln. 3. Free verse, rhythmical unit, phonetic recurrence. Emily Dickinson:I Died for Beauty;Because I could not stop for Death Emily was an energetic and outgoing woman while attending the Academy and Seminary. Most of her poems are about life and nature. They are short; many of them are based on a single image or symbol. Ps. The Colonial Period and the Revolution Period American Puritanism Anne Bradstreet Edward Taylor Philip Freneau Benjamin Franklin 美国文学笔记?适用于英语专业美国文学课程 Part 1. Colonial America The Case of the Officers of Excise税务员问题;Common Thomas Paine托马Sense常识;American Crisis美国危机;Rights of Man人斯?潘恩1737-1809 的权利:Downfall of Despotism专制体制的崩溃;The Age of Reason理性时代 The Rising Glory of America蒸蒸日上的美洲;The British Prison Ship英国囚船;To the Memory of the Brave Philip Freneau菲利Americans纪念美国勇士-----同类诗中最佳;The Wild 普?弗伦诺1752-1832 Honeysuckle野生的金银花;The Indian Burying Ground 印第安人殡葬地 The Freedom of the Will The Great Doctrine of Jonathan Edwards Original Sin defended The Nature of True Virtue Benjamin Franklin本A Modest Inquiry into the Nature and Necessity of a 杰明?富兰克林Paper Money;Poor Richard’s Almanack穷查理历书;The 1706-1790 Way to Wealth致富之道;The Autobiography自传 Part 2. American Romanticism A History of New York纽约的历史-----美国人写的第一部 诙谐文学杰作;The Sketch Book见闻札记The Legend of Washington Irving华Sleepy Hollow睡谷的传说-----使之成为美国第一个获得国盛顿?欧文1783-1859 际声誉的作家;Bracebridge Hall布雷斯布里奇田庄;Talks of Travellers旅客谈;The Alhambra阿尔罕伯拉 The Spy间谍;The Pilot领航者;The Littlepage James Fenimore Manuscripts利特佩奇的手稿;Leatherstocking Tales皮裹Cooper詹姆斯?费尼莫腿故事集:The Pioneer拓荒者;The Last of Mohicans最后尔?库珀1789-1851 的莫希干人;The Prairie大草原;The Pathfinder探路者;The Deerslayer杀鹿者 Part 3.New England Transcendentalism Ralf Waldo EmersonEssays散文集:Nature论自然-----新英格兰超验主义者的宣拉尔夫?沃尔多?爱默生言书;The American Scholar论美国学者;Divinity;The 1803-1882 Oversoul论超灵;Self-reliance论自立;The Transcendentalist超验主义者;Representative Men代表 人物;English Traits英国人的特征;School Address神学院 演说 Concord Hymn康考德颂;The Rhodo杜鹃花;The Humble Bee野蜂;Days日子-首开自由诗之先河 Wadden,or Life in the Woods华腾湖或林中生Henry David Threau活;Resistance to Civil Government/Civil Disobedience抵亨利?大卫?梭罗制公民政府;A Week on the Concord and Merrimack 1817-1862 Rivers The Song of Hiawatha海华沙之歌----美国人写的第一部印 第安人史诗;Voices of the Night夜吟;Ballads and Other Poens民谣及其他诗;Belfry of Bruges and Other Poems布Henry Wadsworth 鲁茨的钟楼及其他诗;Tales of a Wayside Inn路边客栈的故Longfellow亨利?沃兹事---诗集:An April Day四月的一天/A Psalm of Life人生沃思?朗费罗礼物/Paul Revere’s Ride保罗?里维尔的夜奔;Evangeline伊1807-1882 凡吉琳;The Courtship of Miles Standish迈尔斯?斯坦迪什 的求婚----叙事长诗;Poems on Slavery奴役篇---反蓄奴组 诗 Twice-told Tales尽人皆知的故事;Mosses from an Old Nathaniel Manse古屋青苔:Young Goodman Brown年轻的古德曼?布Hawthorne纳撒尼朗;The Scarlet Letter红字;The House of the Seven 尔?霍桑1804-1864 Gables有七个尖角阁的房子--------心理若们罗曼史;The Blithedale Romance福谷传奇;The Marble Faun玉石雕像 Herman Melville赫尔Moby Dick/The White Whale莫比?迪克/白鲸;Typee泰曼?梅尔维尔比;Omoo奥穆;Mardi玛地;Redburn雷得本;White Jacket 1819-1891 白外衣;Pierre皮尔埃;Piazza广场故事;Billy Budd比利?巴德 Leaves of Grass草叶集:Song of the Broad-Axe阔斧之 歌;I hear America Singing我听见美洲在歌唱;When Lilacs Walt Whitman沃尔Lost in the Dooryard Bloom’d小院丁香花开时;Democratic 特?惠特曼1819-1892 Vistas民主的前景;The Tramp and Strike Question流浪汉 和罢工问题;Song of Myself自我之歌 The Poems of Emily Dichenson埃米莉?迪金森诗集Emily Dickinson埃米-----“Tell all the truth and tell it slant”迂回曲折的，玄学莉?迪金森1830-1886 的 Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque怪诞奇异故事 集;Tales故事集;The Fall of the House of Usher厄舍古屋Edgar Allan Poe埃德的倒塌;Ligeia莱琪儿;Annabel Lee安娜贝尔?李-----歌特风加?爱伦?坡1809-1849格;首开近代侦探小说先河，又是法国象征主义运动的源头 (以诗为诗;永为世人Tamerlane and Other Poems帖木儿和其他诗;Al 共赏的伟大抒情诗人Araaf,Tamerlane and Minor Poems艾尔?阿拉夫，帖木儿和-----叶芝) 其他诗;The Raven and Other Poems乌鸦及其他诗:The Raven乌鸦;The City in the Sea海城;Israfel 伊斯拉菲 尔;To Hellen致海伦 Uncle Tom’s Cabin汤姆叔叔的小屋;A Tale of the Great Harriet Beecher Dismal Swamp德雷德阴暗大沼地的故事片;The Minister’s Stowe哈丽特?比彻?斯Wooing牧师的求婚;The Pearl of Orr’s Island奥尔岛的珍托1811-1896 珠;Oldtown Folks老城的人们 Part 4. The age of Realism William Dean The Rise of Silas Lapham赛拉斯?拉帕姆的发迹;A Modern Howells 威廉?狄恩?豪Instance现代婚姻; A Hazard of Now Fortunes时来运 威尔斯1837-1920 转;A Traveller from Altruia从利他国来的旅客;Through the Eye of the Needle透过针眼----乌托邦小说;Criticism and Fiction;Novel-Writing and Novel-Reading小说创作与 小说阅读 小说:Daisy Miller苔瑟?米乐;The Portrait of a Lady贵 妇人画像;The Bostonians波士顿人;The Real Thing and Other Tales真货色及其他故事;The Wings of the Dove23、Henry James享鸽翼;The Ambassadors大使;The Golden Bowl金碗 利?詹姆斯1843-1916 评论集:French Poets and Novelists法国诗人和小说 家;Hawthorne霍桑;Partial Portraits不完全的画像;Notes and Reviews札记与评论;Art of Fiction and Other Essays 小说艺术 Part 5. Local Colorism The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County加拉维 拉县有名的跳蛙;The Innocent’s Abroad傻瓜出国记;The Gilded Age镀金时代;The Adventures of Tom Sawyer汤 姆?索耶历险记;The Prince and the Pauper王子与贫儿;The Mark Twain马克?吐温Adventures of Huckleberry Finn哈克贝利?费恩历险记;A (Samuel Longhorne Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court亚瑟王宫中的Clemens)---美国文学美国佬;The Tragedy of Pudd’nhead Wilson傻瓜威尔的一大里程碑 逊;Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc冉?达克;The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg败坏哈德莱堡的人 How to Tell a Story怎样讲故事---对美国早期幽默文学的 总结 Part 6. American Naturalism Stephen Crane斯蒂Magic:A Girl of the Streets街头女郎梅姬(美国文学史上 芬?克莱恩1871-1900 首次站在同情立场上描写受辱妇女的悲惨命运);The Red Badge of Courage红色英勇勋章;The Open Boat小划 子;The Bride Comes to Yellow Sky新娘来到黄天镇 Moran of the Lady Letty茱蒂夫人号上的莫兰 (romantic);Mc-Teague麦克提格(naturalistic);The Epic Frank Norris弗兰of the Wheat(realistic)小麦诗史(The Octopus章鱼,The 克?诺里斯1870-1902 Pit小麦交易所);A Deal in Wheat and Other Stories of the Old and New West小麦交易所及其他新老西部故事 Sister Carrie嘉莉姐妹;Jennie Gerhardt珍妮姑娘;Trilogy Theodore Dreiser西of Desire欲望三部曲(Financer金融家,The Titan巨人,The 奥多?德莱塞Stoic);An American Tragedy美国的悲剧(被称为美国最伟1871-1945 大的小说);Nigger Jeff黑人杰弗 Edwin Arlington Captain Craig克雷格上尉---诗体小说;The Town Down the Robinson鲁宾逊River河上的城镇;The Man Against the Sky衬托着天空的1869-1935 人;Avon’s Harvest沃冯的收成;Collected Poems诗集 The Son of the Wolf狼之子,The Call of the Wild野性的 呼唤;The Sea-wolf海狼;White Fang白獠牙;The People of the Abyss深渊中的人们;The Iron Heel铁蹄;Marti Eden40、Jack London杰马丁?伊登;How I become a Socialist我怎样成为社会党克?伦敦1876-1916 人;The War of the Classes阶级之间的战争;What Life Means to Me生命对我意味着什么;Revolution革命;Love of Life热爱生命;The Mexican墨西哥人;Under the Deck Awings在甲板的天蓬下 Upton Sinclair厄普Spring and Harvest春天与收获;The Jungle屠场(揭发黑顿?辛克莱尔幕运动的代表作家);King Coal煤炭大王;Oil石油;Boston波1878-1968 士顿;Dragon’s Teeth龙齿 Part 7. The 1920s The Spirit of Romance罗曼司精神;The Anthology Des Imagistes意像派诗选;Cathay华夏(英译中国诗);Literary Imagism Ezra PoundEssays文学论;Hugh Swlwyn Mauberley;A Few Don’ts by 艾兹拉?庞德Imagiste意像派戒条;Personage面具;Polite Essays文雅1885-1972 集;The Cantos of Ezra Pound庞德诗章(109首及8首未完 成稿) Prufrock and Other Observations普罗夫洛克(荒原意 识);The Waste Land荒原(The Burial of the Dead死者的 葬礼;A Game of Chess弈棋;The Fire Sermon火诫;Death Thomas Stearns by Water水边之死;What the Thunder Said雷电之言); Eliot托马斯?艾略特名诗:Ash Wednesday圣灰星期三;Four Quarters四个四1888-1965 重奏 诗剧:Murder in the Cathedral大教堂谋杀案;Family Reunion大团圆;Cocktail Party鸡尾酒会 Harmonium风琴;The Man With the Blue Guitar弹蓝吉他 Wallace Stevens华的人;Notes Toward a Supreme Fiction关于最高虚构的札 莱士?史蒂文斯记(Peter Quince at the Clavier彼得?昆斯弹风琴;Sunday 1879-1955 Morning礼拜天早晨);The Auroras of Autumn秋天的晨 曦;Collected Poems诗集 收入Des Imagistes意像派(意像派的第一部诗选) 诗集:Sour Grapes;Spring and All春;The Desert William Carlos Music;The Journey of Love爱的历程;Collected Williams威廉?卡罗Poems;Complete Poems;Collected Later Poems;Pictures 斯?威廉斯1883-1963 from Brueghel布留盖尔的肖像;Paterson佩特森(5卷长 诗);Asphodal,That Green Flower常青花日光兰(长诗) 名诗:Red Wheelbarrow红色手推车;The Widow’s Lament in Spring寡妇的春怨;The Dead Baby;The Sparrow ,to My Father麻雀—致父亲;Proletarian Portrait无产阶级画像(from An Early Martyr先驱); The Great American Novels伟大的美国小说;In the American Grain美国性格;Autobiography自传 A Boy’s Wish少年心愿;North of Boston波士顿之北(Mending Wall修墙,After Apple-picking摘苹果之Robert Frest罗伯后);Mountain Interval山间(成熟阶段)(The Road Not 特?弗罗斯特taken没有选择的道路); 1874-1963 West-running Brook西流的溪涧;A Further Range又一片牧场;A Witness Tree一株作证的树 Always the Young Stranger永远是陌生的年轻人s;In Reckless Ecstasy肆无忌惮的狂热;The Prairie Years草原 Carl Sandburg卡的年代一、二;The War Years战争的年代(林肯传记);The 尔?桑德堡1878-1967 American Songbag美国歌袋;The People,Yes人民，好;Honey and Salt蜜与盐;Corn-huskers辗米机(Fog雾);Smoke and Steel烟与钢 Tulips anddd Chimneys郁金香与烟囱;The Enormous RoomE Cumings肯明斯大房间;XLI Poems诗41首;Viva万岁;No， Thanks不，1894-1962 谢谢;Collected Poems诗集;Eimi爱米(访苏游记) The Side of Paradise人间天堂;The Beautiful and the F Scott Fitzgerald弗Damned美丽的和倒霉;The Great Gatsby了不起的盖茨朗西斯?菲茨杰拉德比;Tender in the Night夜色温柔;The Last Tycoon最后的1896-1940(迷惘的一巨头 代) 短篇小说:Flappers and Philosophers姑娘们和哲学家 们;Tales of the Jazz爵士时代的故事;Taps at Reveille早 晨的起床号?The Ice Palace冰宫;May Days五一节;The Diamond as Big as the Ritz像里茨饭店那样大的钻 石;Winter Dreams冬天的梦;The Rich Boy富家子 弟;Babylon Revisted重访巴比伦敦 The Crack-up崩溃(自传体文集) In Our Time在我们的年代里;The Torrents of Spring春 潮;The Sun Also Rises太阳照样升起;Farewell to Arms永 别了，武器;For Whom the Bell Tolls丧钟为谁而鸣 Ernest Hemingway欧短篇小说:Men Without Women没有女人的男人;The 内斯特?海明威Winners Take Notheing胜者无所获;The Fifth Column and 1899-1961(“迷惘的一First Forty-nine Stories第五纵队与首次发表的四十九个代”的代表人物) 短篇 政论:To Have and Have Not贫与富 回忆录:A Moveable Feast到处逍遥 The Marble Faun云石林神(诗集);Soldiers’ Pay兵饷(小 说) William Faulkner威短篇小说:Dry September干燥的九月;The Sound and the 廉?福克纳1897-1962 Fury愤怒与喧嚣;As I lay dying当我垂死的时候;Light in August八月之光;Absalom,Absolam押沙龙，押沙龙(家世 小说) Windy McPherson’s Son饶舌的麦克斐逊的儿子;Marching Sherwood AndersonMen前进中的人们;Mid-American Chants美国中部之舍伍德?安德森歌;Winesburg,Ohio/The Book of the Grotesque俄亥俄州1876-1941 的温斯堡/畸人志;Poor White穷苦的白人;Many Marriages 多种婚姻;Dark Laughter阴沉的笑声 The Triumph of the Egg and Other Stories鸡蛋的胜利和 其他故事;Death in the Woods and Other Stories林中之 死及其他故事;I Want to Know Why我想知道为什么 Dur Mr Wrenn我们的雷恩先生;The Job求职;The Main Sinclair Lewis辛克Street大先进;Babbitt巴比特;Arrowsmith艾罗史密莱?刘易斯斯;Elmer Gantry艾尔默?甘特里;Dodsworth多兹沃斯;It 1885-1951(美国第一can’t Happen Here事情不会发生在这里;Kingsblood Royal个获诺贝尔奖) 王孙梦 O,Pioneers啊，先驱们;My Antonia我的安东尼亚;The Villa Sibert CatherProfessor’s House教授之家;Death Comes for the 维拉?凯塞1873-1947 Archibishop大主教之死 Look Homeward,Angel天使，望乡?(续)Of Time and the River时间与河流;The Web and the Rock蛛网与岩石;You Thomas Wolfe托马Can’t Go Home Again有家归不得;The Hills Beyond远山(未斯?沃尔夫1900-1938 完成) 短篇小说:From Death to Morning从死亡到早晨 Part 8. The 1930s The Three Soldiers;Manhattan Transfer;U.S.A(The Forty-second Parallel;1919;The Big Money);District of John Dos Passos帕索Columbia哥伦比亚大区(The Adventures of a Young Man斯1896-1970 一个年轻人的冒险;Number One第一号;The Grand Design 伟大的计划);Orient Express东方特别快车(游记) John Steinbeck约Cup of Gold金杯;Tortilla Flat煎饼房;In Dubious Battle胜翰?斯坦贝克负未定;Of Mice and Men鼠和人;The Grapes of Wrath愤1902-1966 怒的葡萄;The Moon is Down月亮下去了;Cannery Row罐头 厂街;The Pearl珍珠 短篇小说:The Red Pony小红马(The Gift,The Great Mountains大山;The Promise许诺,The Leader of the People人们的领袖) Part 9. Black American Literature Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass an American Frederick DouglassSlave弗莱德里克?道格拉斯，一个美国黑人的自述/My 弗莱德里克?道格拉斯Bondage and My Freedom我的枷锁与我的自由/The life 1817-1895 and Time of Frederick Douglass弗莱德里克?道格拉斯的生 平与时代 Booker T. Washington Souls of Black Folk黑人的灵魂(Of Booker T Washington William E?B Dubois威and Others);The Suppression of the African Slave 廉?艾伯?杜波依斯Trade into the USA制止非洲奴隶贸易进入美国;The 1868-1963 Philadephia Negro;John Brown;The Black Flame黑色的火 焰(三部曲) Mulatto混血儿(剧本);The Weary Blues疲倦的歌声;Dear James Langston Lovely Death亲爱的死神;Shakespear in Harlem哈莱姆的Hughes詹姆斯?兰斯莎士比亚;I Wonder as I Wander我漂泊我思考;The Best 顿?休斯1902-1969 of Simple辛普尔精选 长篇小说:Invisible Man看不见的人 Ralph Ellison拉尔散文集:Shadow and Act影子与行动;Going to the 夫?埃利林1914- Territory步入文学界 James Baldwin詹姆散文集:Note of a Native Son土生子的笔记;Nobody 斯?鲍德温1924-1987 Knows My Name;Fire Next Time下一次烈火;No Name in the Street他的名字被遗忘;The Devil Finds Work魔鬼找到工作 小说:Go Tell it on the Mountain向苍天呼吁;Giovanni’s Room乔万尼的房间;Another Country另一个国度;Tell Me How Long the Train’s Been Gone告诉我火车已开多久;If Beale Street Could Talk假如比尔能说话;Just Above My Head就在我头上 短篇小说集:Going to Meet the Man去见这个人 剧本:The Amen Corner阿门角;Blues for Mister Charley 为查理先生唱布鲁斯/黑人怨;One Day When I was Lost有一天当我迷失的时候/迷路前后 Gwendolyn Brooks Part 10. American Drama 独幕剧:Bound East to Cardiff东航卡迪夫;The Long Voyage Home归途迢迢;The Moon of the Carribbeans加勒比人之月 多幕剧:Beyond the Horizon天边外(其成名作);Anna Christie安娜?克里斯蒂;The Emperor Jones琼斯皇;The Eugene Oneil尤金?奥Hairy Ape毛猿;All the God’s Children Got Wings上帝的儿尼尔1888-1953 女都有翅膀The Great God Brown大神布朗;The Strange Interlude奇异的插曲;Mourning Becomes Electr素娥怨/悲悼a;The Iceman Cometh送冰的人来了;The Long Days Journey Into Night进入黑夜的漫长旅程/日长路远夜常深 沉 Clifford Odets 短篇小说:The Young Folks年轻人 短篇小说集:Nine Stories故事九篇 J D Salinger杰罗中篇小说:Franny弗兰尼;Zooey卓埃;Raise High the Roof 姆?大卫?塞林格1919- Beam,Carpenters木匠们，把屋梁升高;Seymour:An Introduction西摩其人 长篇小说:The Cather in the Rye麦田守望者 American Blues美国的布鲁斯;Battle of Angels天使的战 斗;The Glass Menagerie玻璃动物园;The Streetcar Tennessee William田Named Desire欲望号街车;Cat on a Hot Tin Roof热铁皮屋纳西?威廉斯顶上的猫;The Night of The Iguana鬣蜥之夜;Summer and 1911-1983 Smoke夏与烟;The Rose Tattoo玫瑰纹;Sweet Bird of Yout可爱的青春鸟 Situation Normal情况正常;The Man Who Had All the Luck吉星高照的人;All My Sons都是我的儿子;The Death of a Salesman推销员;The Crucible严峻的考验/萨姆勒的 女巫;A View from the Bridge桥头眺望;A Memory of Two Arthur Miller阿瑟?米Mondays两个星期一的回忆;After the Fall堕落之勒1915- 后;Incident at Vichy维希事件 ;The Price代价;The Creation of the World and Other Business创世及其 他;The Archbishop’s Ceiling大主教的天花板;The American Clock美国时钟 The Zoo Story动物园的故事;The Death of Bessie Smith贝西?史密斯之死;The Sandbox沙箱;The American DreamEdward Albee爱德美国梦;Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf?谁害怕弗吉尼华?阿尔比1928- 亚?伍尔夫;Tiny Alice小爱丽丝;A Delicate Balance脆弱的 羊群;Seascape海景;The Lady from Dubuque来自杜布克的 女人;The Man With Three Arms在臂人 Part 11. The Post-War Scene: The Novel . Poetry 长篇小说:Dangling Man晃来晃去/挂起来的人;The Victim 受害者;The Adventure of Augie March奥基?马奇历险Saul Bellow索尔?贝娄记;Henderson the Rain King雨王汉德逊;Herzog赫索格;Mr 1915- Summlar’s Planet塞姆勒先生的行星;Humboldt’s Gift洪堡 的礼物 中篇小说:Seize the Day且乐今朝 裸者与死者;Barbary Shore巴巴里海滨;The Deer Park廘 苑;An American Dream一场美国梦;The White Negro白色Norman Mailer诺黑人;Advertisement for Myself为自己做广告;Why Are 曼?米勒1923- (垮掉We in Vietnam?我们为什么要去越南;The Executioner’s 的一代;文学恐怖主义Song刽子手之歌;The Armies of the Night夜色幕下的大军者/亡命之徒) (History as a Novel/The Novel as History)—非虚构小 说;New Journalism新新闻报道 长篇小说:Catch-22第二十二条军规;Something Happened 出了毛病;As Good as Gold像高尔德一样好 剧Joseph Heller约瑟本:We Bombed in New Haven我们轰炸纽黑夫?海勒1923- 文;Catch-22;Clevinger’s Trial克莱文杰受审(据Catch-22 第八章) 长篇小说:The Floating Opera漂浮的歌剧;The End of the Road穷途末路;The Sot-weed Factor烟草代理商;LettersJohn Barth约翰?巴思书信集;Giles Goat-boy山羊孩子贾尔斯;Lost in the 1930- Funhouse迷失在开心馆里(Title题目);Chimera客迈拉; Sabbatical学院的轮休假;The Friday Book:Essays and Other Nonfictions星期五的书:论文及其他非小说 Geography of a Horse Dreamer马塞梦测者的地理;Angel Thomas Pynchon托马City天使城;The Tooth of Crime罪恶的牙齿;Family家庭 斯?品钦1937- (后现(Curse of the Starving Class饥饿阶级的诅咒;Buried Child代主义) 被埋葬的孩子;True West真正的西部);Fool for Love情 痴;A Lie of the Mind心灵的谎言;Paris/Texas德州的巴黎