广州六年级英语上册课本知识点及练习题(教育科学出版社)

Module 1 Country life Unit 1 What are those farmers doing? 【 单词 英语单词 下载七年级上册英语单词表下载英语单词表下载深圳小学英语单词表 下载高中英语单词 下载 回顾】 田________  摘________  草________  饲养，喂养____________ 给________  奶牛_______  绵羊_______  其他_______  几个_______ 山羊_______  鹅_________  江，河___________ 一、 词组：feed the chickens and ducks, feed the pigs, feed the horse, grow flowers and vegetables, plant trees, cut grass, any other, on the farm, a few… 二、 句型： 1. What are those farmers doing?      They’re cutting grass to feed the animals. 2. What do you grow on your farm? 3. We have a few goats and pigs. 4. There are fruit trees in this field. 5. There is a cow on the farm. 三、重点精析： 1. any other + 名词单数， 指一堆当中的的某一个 any other + 名词复数， 指一堆当中的一些 如：Tom runs faster than any other student in his class.  汤姆比他班上的任何人都跑得快。 Are you taking any other drugs at present?   你现在还有服用其他的药吗？ 2． 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 示肯定意义：a little / a few    有一点，有一些 表示否定意义: little / few      几乎没有的 a few /few +可数名词复数      little / a little +不可数名词 many /much  意为很多的    many +可数名词复数        much +不可数名词 3. use sth. to do sth.  用……做某事 我用钢笔写信。      ______________________________________________ 4. many of them    他们中的许多人 many of us      many of the boys      many of the young men 5. be from = come frome    来自…… 他来自中国。  __________________________  ___________________________ 6.  also; too; either 的区别： （1）also 意思是也，是比too较为正式的用语，通常用于肯定句中，一般靠近动词。 如：He also asked to go．他也要求去。 I also went. 我也去的。 He came also. 他也来的。 （2）too 意思也是也，是最普通的用语，常与also通用，但不如also正式，在口语中它用得更多。too通常放有句末，它也通常用于肯定句中。 如： I went there, too．我也到那儿去的。 Mother was angry too．母亲也发怒了。 （3）either 意思也是也。它用于否定句中，而且要放在句末。 如： If you do not go，I shall not either．倘若你不去，我也不去 7.  give … to…  把…… 给 ……  give sth. to sb.  =  give sb, sth. 如：Amy gives me a book. = Amy gives a book to me. 8. There is a cow on the farm. There be 是英语中常用句型， 意思是“有”，表示“人或事物的存在”。There在此结构中是引导词，已经没有副词“那里”的含义。当主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词时，be动词要用is；当主语是可数名词复数时，be动词要用are；而它的否定形式是在be动词后面加not。同时，改为一般疑问句只需要把be动词提前。肯定回答为“Yes, there be.” 否定回答为”No, there be not.” 如：There are five books, two pens and a ruler in the school bag. There is a ruler, two pens and five books in the school bag. 四、重点语法： （一）名词单复数： （1） 从单数变复数，变形规则如下：     1．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds      2．以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, watch-watches      3．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families（家庭）,  strawberry-strawberries（草莓）  4．以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives      5．不规则名词复数：      man-men, woman-women, policeman（男警察）-policemen, policewoman（女警察） -policewomen, mouse-mice     child（孩子）-children     foot-feet,. tooth-teeth  单复同行： fish-fish, sheep（羊）-sheep people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 6. 注意：当people后加上s时，即peoples表示“民族” 例如：There are 56 peoples in China. 中国有56个民族。  7. 不可数名词 ：water(水)  milk(牛奶) tea(茶)  rice(米饭)  orange（橙汁） juice（果汁） bread（面包）等  注意：1）可数名词，当表示“1”时用a还是an，由后面的单词的首个因素决定，辅音音素前用“a”，元音音素前用“an”。如：a book    an English book 2）不可数名词前不能用a或an，常用some，much，a little， a lot of， plenty of表示多少 3）用单位词表示，即用a…of + 名词表示。 如：a cup of  一杯……  a bottle of  一瓶……  a piece of  一张……     a basket of  一篮……  a can of  一罐……    a bag of    一袋……     a pair of shoes  一双鞋  two cups of tea  两杯茶  five pieces of paper  五张纸 【练习一：】写出下列各词的复数   I _______        this ___________      that___________     watch _______ child _______    photo ________        diary _________       day________  foot________     book_______           dress ________         tooth_______  sheep ______    box_______           strawberry _______     thief _______ peach______     sandwich _______      man______           woman_______  paper_______   juice_______           water________       milk________  rice__________   tea________     【练习二：】 将下列词组翻译成英文 [1]三杯牛奶_____________________                 [2] 一袋大米 __________________   [3]三篮子苹果___________________        [4]一碗面条 ___________________  [5]四杯茶_______________________        [6]七瓶水_____________________ [7]五袋子大米___________________                [8]三罐橘汁__________________  [9]八条新闻___________________          [10]一箱香蕉__________________   （二）现在进行时：现在进行时表示现在或当前正在进行的动作。 基本结构：be（am，is，are）+ doing 动词现在分词 （-ing） 1．-ing            2.去e+ing          3.双写+ing （如：get, begin, sit, fit, swim, shop, drop, stop, run, cut, put双写+ing） 现在进行时 提示词：___________________________________________________________ 基本结构 ： _______________________________________________________ 现在进行时的否定形式：在be动词后面加not。 如：He is not doing his homework. 改为一般疑问句：把be动词提前。肯定回答用“Yes, 主语+ be.”否定回答用“No, 主语+be not.” 如：Are you reading.    Yes, I’m. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+be+主语+动词ing形式+其他？ 如：What are you doing? 写出下列词的ing形式 play________      run__________    swim _________      make__________ go_________      like________        write________        ski___________ read________    have_________    sing  ________      dance_________ put_________    see________        buy _________      love__________ live_______      take_________      come ________      get_________ stop________    sit ________        begin________      shop___________ 【即时演练】 一、选择题。 (   ) 1. Tom is one of the Chinese _____ in our school.       A. boy       B. boys      C. boies     D. boyes (  ) 2.My mother is _____TV.  A. looking at   B. seeing   C. reading   D. watching  (  ) 3.---____you ____a book? ---Yes,I am.  A. Do, read   B. Are, read   C. Are, reading   D. Are, looking (    ) 4. A cat has four ____ , doesn't it?          A. foots     B. foot       C. feets     D. feet (  ) 5. _____ you _____ Japan? A. Is; come    B. Are; come from  C. Do; come from  D. is; come from (  ) 6. They are cutting grass to ______ the horses.       A. feeds      B. feed      C. feeding      D. fed (    ) 7. There are three ____ and five _____ in the room.  A. American, Japanese       B. Americans, Japanese  B. C. American, Japanese    D. Americans, Japaneses  (  ) 8. Listen! The boy _______.        A. crying       B. is crying       C. cries      D. crys (  ) 9. Don’t talk here. Grandparents ______.   A. sleep       B. is sleeping       C. are sleeping  D. sleeps (    ) 10.I saw many _____ in the street.     A. peoples         B. people           C. people’s   D. peoples’ (    ) 11.The green sweater is his _________.  A. brotheres         B. brothers         C. brother’s  D. brother (  ) 12. Is the woman ______ yellow your teacher?  A. In    B. putting on      C. wearing     D. having  (  ) 13. Look! The twins _____their mother do the housework.  A. are wanting   B. help  C. are helping     D. are looking  (  ) 14_____are the birds doing? They are singing in a tree.  A. Who   B. What  C. How     D. Where (    ) 15. Can you see nine ____ in the picture?      A. sheeps    B. book    C. horse   D. fish (    ) 16. The _____ has two______.           A. boy; watch     B. boy; watches      C. boys; watch     D. boy; watchs (    ) 17. The _____ are flying back to their country.           A. Germany      B. Germanys       C. Germans     D. Germen (    ) 18. The girl brushes her _____ every day before she goes to bed.       A. tooths       B. teeth        C. teeths     D. teethes   (    ) 19.My uncle has three _______.            A. child        B. childs       C. children       D. childrens   (  ) 20.Kate _____,the others _____.  A. sing, listen              B. is singing, is listening  C. sing, are listening      D. is singing, are listening  (  ) 21.I ___my eraser, but I can’t ______ it.  A. look for, finding                 B. am finding, look for  C. am looking for, find               D. find, look for   (  ) 22. Who ______ over there now?            A. singing       B. are sing       C. is singing    D. sings (  ) 23. It’s nine ten. The students ______ a music class.              A. have       B. having       C. are having    D. has (  ) 24. I am _____America.       A. come      B. come from    C. comes      D. from (  ) 25. Do you have ______ books?       A. any other    B. other any    C. anything    D. any others 二、用所给词的适当形式填空。 1. Look! The cat____________ (run) up the tree.  2. The twins __________ (have) breakfast.  3. ----___he ________ (clean) the   blackboard?    ----No,he isn’t.  4. Tom__________ (play)t he piano in the room. Please ask him to come here.  5. Listen! They____________(sing)in the classroom.  6. My parents _______（watch）TV now.   7. Look. Three boys _______（run）.   8. What _______ your mother _______（do）now?   9. _______ your dog _______ now?（sleep）   10. I have two____________ (knife)  12. There are many ___________ here. (box)   13.  A few ___________ are drawing on the wall. (boy)  14. The ______________ are playing football now. (child) 三、用there be的适当形式填空： 1. ____________ a bookcase in the study room ( 书 关于书的成语关于读书的排比句社区图书漂流公约怎么写关于读书的小报汉书pdf 房). 2. ____________a sofa in the bedroom, but __________a bed in it . 3. ____________some people in the park. 4.  ___________ some milk in the glass. 5.  ____________any flowers in the garden. 6.  ____________an apple on the plate?  Yes, _________. 7.  ____________any pineapples in the basket?    No, _____________.     ____________some pears in it. 8. How many desks ________________in the office?      _____________six. 9. How many TVs     ____________in the classroom?   _______________only one. 10. What’s behind the door?    _______________a doll. 11. What’s near the building ?           ______________some trees. 12. What’s in the reading room ?         _________________a lot of books. 13.    ____________ any jackets in the window? Yes, ____________.     _____________fifteen. 14. __________a table tennis room in this new building?  Yes, __________. 15.  _________ a desk and two chairs in the study. 四、 阅读理解 阅读理解1小学二年级阅读理解小学三年级阅读题训练阅读理解二年级一年级语文猴子捞月亮 。   Some monkeys are playing in a tree near a lake. They are having a good time. Suddenly a little monkeys cry, “ Look, the moon has dropped into the water!” “Get it out, hurry!” says the old monkey. The little monkey hangs from the tree by his tail. Then each monkey hangs from the other by his legs. At last they get to the water, but still they cannot scoop up the moon. Another little monkey finds half a gourd to scoop up the moon. Aha! He gets the moon in the gourd. At that time all the monkey come for the moon. But the gourd drops and the moon are broken. The monkeys are very sorry. But they look up, they find the moon is still high up in the sky, shining bright. 1. Some monkeys are playing ___________.  2. _______ monkey sees the moon has dropped into the water.  3. The monkeys hang from the tree by their tails_________.  4. All the monkeys come ________the moon.  5. The moon is still high up _________. Unit 2 A country life is a healthy life 【单词回顾】 农村_______  生活_______  祖父，外祖父_________  挤奶________ 骑_______  花费_______  仍然______  空气______  在….（方面）帮助_________ 一、词组：wake up, more than, plenty of, ride a bike, get home, at that time, thanks for, lots of… 二、句型： 1. A country life is a healthy life. 2. It takes about 40 minutes. 3. I am always very busy but I never feel tired, because I have plenty of exercise. 4. When I get home after school, there is still much work to do. 三、重点精析： 1. live in + 大地点      live at + 小地点（如街道、街区等）      live on + 楼层 2. help sb. (to) do sth.    帮助某人做某事        help sb. with sth.    帮助某人做某事 有时候我帮我妈妈清洁房间。  ____________________________________________ 我喜欢帮妈妈做家务。        ____________________________________________ 3. more than+数词    超过，多于 如：More than thirty students are boys in our class.   more than + 名词    不仅仅是 如：Joe is more than a writer; he is a cook, too. more than + 形容词    很，非常 如：I’m more than happy to see you. 4. plenty of = a lot of = lots of  + 可数名词复数 / 不可数名词    表示许多、大量 5. It takes about 40 minutes.  这大约要花二十分钟。   (1)It takes sb. + 时间 + to do sth.  表达花费某人多少时间 他花了两天时间去读这本书。  __________________________________________________________ 从我家到学校大约要花费三十分钟。  _____________________________________________________   Doing sth. takes sb. +时间    做某事花了某人多少时间 写作业花了他两个小时。  _________________________________________________ (2)Spend time / money on sth  spend time / money (in) doing sth.花费时间/金钱做某事 他们花费了一个小时去游泳。  _____________________________________________ (3)sth. costs (sb.) + 金钱  某物花了（某人）多少钱 这本书花了他五十元。  ______________________________________________   (doing) sth. costs (sb.) + 时间    某物（做某事）花了（某人）多少时间 喂马花了她一个小时。  _______________________________________________ (4)pay (sb.) money for sth.  付钱（给某人）买…… 我妈妈每个月给我付三百块钱的早餐费。  _________________________________   Pay for sth.    付…… 的钱 6. be busy doing sth = be busy with sth  忙于做某事 He is busy doing homework.  =  He is busy with homework. 7. Thanks for inviting us to your farm.   Thanks for  感谢，多亏了      Thanks for your help． 【即时演练】 一、根据首字母及句意写出单词。 1. A c______ life is a h________ life. 2. Every day I help my dad m______ the cow. 3. T_____ for your letter. 4. They are f_____ the pigs. 5. It t_____ me about one hour from my home to school. 6. Can you g____ the book to me. 7. You can p_____ some apples from the trees. 8. Do you have a f_____ goats. 二、选择题。 (   ) 1. Is she___ her homework? No, she___.  A． do, doesn’t       B does, isn’t     C doing, is       D doing, isn’t  (   )2. Look! The cousins _____ new sweaters.    A. are wearing        B. wearing          C. are wear   D. is wearing  (   ) 3. Don’t talk here. My father and mother _____.  A. is sleeping          B. are sleeping       C. sleeping   D. sleep  (   ) 4. Listen! The birds ___ in the tree .  A sing         B singing            C is singing            D are singing  (   ) 5. Who _____ over there now?    A. drawing         B. is draw           C. is drawing        D. draw  (  ) 6. They come from different ______  A. country     B. countries     C. a country     D. countrys  (  ) 7. How many ______ do you see in the picture?  A. tomatos     B. tomatoes   C. tomato       D. the tomato  (  ) 8. Would you like _______ ,please?  A. two glass of  water         B. two glasses of  water        C. two glass of  waters        D. two glasses of  waters (  ) 9. I live ______the third floor.       A. at      B., on        C. with      D. in (  ) 10. Thanks for ______those books to me.     A. take      B. takes      C. taking    D. takeing (  ) 11. It _____him about ten minutes.       A. take      B. taking    C. takes      D. takeing (  ) 12. He likes ______his father ____the cow.       A. helping; milks      B. helping; milk      C. helps; milk      D. help; milks 三、选择a或an填空。        _____pen          _____ bag            _____ apple            _____big apple          _____banana           _____orange         _____ orange            ______useful pen       _____hour               ______house           ______umbrella       ______university   ①Is it ____Chinese book or ______English book?  ②This is ______ring, and it is _____orange ring.  ③There is _____picture on the card. ④This is _____bike. It’s _____old bike.  ⑤This is _____telephone number.  ⑥That is _____ID card.  ⑦I lost my keys. It’s _____set of keys.  ⑧It’s _____apple, not _____pear.  ⑨This is _____useful knife.   ⑩There is _____bench in the park.  四、根据具体情况回答问题。 1. Where do you live? ________________________________________________________ 2. How does your father go to work? ________________________________________________________ 3. Do you like country life? Why? _________________________________________________________ 4. What time does your mother wake up every day? _________________________________________________________ 5. How long do it take from your home to school? ___________________________________________________________ 五、按要求改写句子。 1.  The boy is playing basketball. 否定句：____________________________ 一般疑问句：_________________________ 肯定回答：__________________________ 否定回答：__________________________ 2.  They are singing in the classroom. 否定句：____________________________ 一般疑问句：_________________________ 肯定回答：__________________________ 否定回答：__________________________ 3.仿照例句造句: Model:　read a book           --What are you doing?           --I'm reading a book. 1).read a new book   __________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ 2).clean the blackboard   __________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ 4. she, the window, open, now.(用现在进行时连词成句.) _____________________＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 5.The birds are singing in the tree.(就划线部分提问) ________________________＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 6.is,　who,　the　window,　cleaning?　(连词成句) ______________________＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 7.The children are playing games near the house.(就划线部分提问) ________________________＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 8.She is closing the door now.(改成否定句) ______________________＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ９.they,　the tree,　sing,　now,　under.　(用现在进行时连词成句.) ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 10. The young girls are helping the old woman. (改为一般疑问句) ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿__________________ 六、根据短文内容判断正（T），误（F）。 It's fine today. The sun is in the sky. Mr Green and his family are in the park.　Mr and Mrs Green are standing under the trees and look at their children. Ann is flying a kite. The boy in a white shirt and blue trousers is her brother. He's reading a book . Ann's younger brother is too young. He can't walk and run. He's drinking milk. Ann's sister isn't in the park. She is at school. （  ）1. There are five people in Ann's family. （  ）2. Ann is a girl. （  ）3. Ann's sister is a student. （  ）4. Ann's brother is flying a kite. （  ）5. Ann has two brothers. 七、写作：你喜欢农村生活吗？为什么呢？ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Module 2 City life Unit 3 Where are you from? 【单词回顾】 城市______  学生______  纽约________  美国_______ 安静的_______  便宜的________  现代化的_________  嘈杂的_______ 宽阔的________  拥挤的________  酒店______  舒服的_________ 拥挤的，大量的_________  缓慢_____________ 一、重点单词：tall, new, wide, crowded, big, modern, large, clean, comfortable, heavy, slow, quiet, cheap, noisy, expensive…   短语：be from; visit a museum; go to the cinema; each other; play with… 二、句型： 1. Where are you from?      I am from New York City in America. 2. It’s a big and modern city but it’s quite noisy. 3. Everything is very expensive in NewYork. 三、重点精析： 1. be from = come from    来自 Where are you from? = Where do you come from?  你来自哪里？ David来自美国。  ____________________________________________________ 你是来自法国的吗？  ___________________________________________________ 2. be born  出生 我出生于广州。  _____________________________________________________ 你在哪里出生呢？  ____________________________________________________ 3. go to the cinema  看电影  = go to the moves go to + 名词  表示去某地或做某事 go to the park      go to the farm      go to school      go to work go to the hospital      go to the zoo      go to sleep 4. each other  互相 They always help each other. 5. play with + 名词  玩耍……; 和…… 玩 Play with water      play with a toy car      play with my brother 四、重点语法：人称代词:表示“你，我，他，她，它，你们，我们，他们，她们，它们”等 主格 I we you he she it they 宾格 形容词 名词 怎么样区分： (1)看代词意思有没有“的” (2)有“的”------形容词+名词；名词性不+名词 (3)没“的”------动词/介词+宾格  （介词：for, about, with, to, of…） 如：Please give me this book.          This book is for me. (4)名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词，所以名词性物主代词后面不必加名词。 如：Is this your book?    No, it isn’t. It’s hers (her book). This pen is mine。 主语it的特殊用法： 1）it用来表示时间、天气等。 如：It’s six o’clock. 现在六点了。（时间） It’s sunny today. 今天天气晴朗。（天气） 2）表示不明性别的婴儿、动物或不明身份、不确定的人。 如：-----Who’s knocking?  -----It’s me.     It’s a cute baby. 2） 用来指代前面提到过的事物。 如：------Where’s my dog?  ------It’s in the kitchen. 【即时演练】 一、根据提示写出正确的形式。 1. _______(他的) coat is black, but ______(她的) is red.  2. Whose wallet is this? It’s  _____(我的). It’s ______ (我的) wallet.  3. I’m a new student. ______name is Helen.  4.-Are these ______(你们的) skateboards?   -Yes, they’re  _____(我们的).  5. Nancy is my cousin. _______eyes are big.  6. Look, there is his new book.  ________(我的) is as new as his. 7.  _____am a teacher. And all the students like _____(我).  8.  _____often plays basketball after school. I often watch  ______(他) .  9.  ______(我们) buy a pair of shoes for _______(她). 10. This is no _____(I) shirt. It’s ______(he). 二、根据首字母填写单词。 1. W____ are you from? 2. Paris is so n_____ and c______. 3. The apples in this supermarket are c______ or e_______. 4. It’s big and m______ city but it’s quite n______. 5. The hotel is c_____ and c______. 6. The traffic is h______ and s____ in Guangzhou. 三、选择正确的选项。  (  ) 1. This is Sandy. ______looks like _____mother.  A. He, her         B. She, her          C. She, his  (  ) 2. Let ____give _____a book..  A. me, your      B. you, my     C. me, you   (  ) 3. This is not ___bike. ______is broken(坏了).  A. his, He’s       B. her, His      C. his, His  (  ) 4. These are my friends. _____names are Sam and Jack.  A. His         B. Theirs        C. Their (  ) 5. We _____ at the party last Sunday.  A. enjoyed myself      B. enjoyed ourselves     C. enjoyed ourself (   ) 6. — _________ are you from?  — I’m from Shanghai. A. Who      B. Where      C. How (   ) 7. — Are you from Cuba?  — _________ A. Yes, they are.     B. No, I’m not.     C. No, they aren’t. (   ) 8. — Where are Yang Dong and Zeng Mei from?  — _________ from Chongqing. A. She’s     B. He’s     C. They’re (   ) 9. — Who are they?  — _________ are Maria and Jane. A. He        B. They        C. She (   ) 10. — _________ he come from the U.S.A.?  — No, he comes from China. A. Are        B. Is          C. Does (  ) 11. A: Are you from Guangzhou? B: ______. We are from Nanjing.  A. Yes, we are    B. No, we aren't.    C. No, I'm not (  ) 12. London is in _______________.  A. China  B. England  C. America (  ) 13. A:______ they speak?      B:They speak English.  A. What are  B. What do  C. Where do  (  ) 14. A: ______ are you from?    B: I'm from Tianjin.  A. What    B. How    C. Where (  ) 15. I can speak ______ English.  A. many  B. a lot    C. a little  (  ) 16. Americans speak _______________.  A. English    B. Chinese      C. Japanese (  ) 17. A: Who ______ you English?    B: Miss Gao.  A. teach    B. teaches    C. does teach  (    ) 18.  ___________ Changsha.         A. Welcome       B. Welcome to   C. Meet to  四、阅读理解。 My name is Zhou Dan. I’m a Chinese girl. I’m twelve. I’m from Zhengzhou, China. Do you know Zhengzhou? It’s in the middle of China. I’m in No. 8 Middle School. There are about nine hundred students and fifty teachers in our school. Ours is a good school in Zhengzhou. I’m in Class 2, Grade 1. There are 49 students in our class, 29 girls and 20 boys. My English teacher is Miss Zhao Dan. Our names are almost the same, right? She is nice to me. We’re good friends. I like English, and I like music, too. I want to find a pen friend. Please write to me. (   )1. Zhou Dan is from  ________. A. Chinese   B. China    C. English    D. England (   )2. There are _________teachers in their school. A. 15        B. 50       C. 900        D. 19  (   )3. There are _______boys in Zhou Dan’s class. A. forty-nine    B. twenty    C. twelve    D. twenty-nine  (   )4. Zhou Dan and her English teacher are good _______. A. friends     B. students    C. teachers   D. boys  (   )5. Zhou Dan wants to find a  ________. A. pen      B. teacher     C. pen friend   D. worker Unit 4 I like the city very much 【单词回顾】 明信片_______  脏的________  害怕_______  因为________ 出售______  农村_______  剧院________  想念_______  整天_________ 一、重点单词及短语：holiday, interesting, dirty, afraid, outside, sell, country, theatre, miss, so many, go outside, be afraid to, at night, go to sleep, too many, go back home, be different to, can’t wait to, be born, all day…. 二、句子： 1. I like the city very much. 2. There is much more to do in the city than in the countryside. 3. I can’t go to sleep because there are too many cars. 4. I can’t wait to go back home and see all my friends. 三、重点精析： 1. holiday  假日      summer holiday  暑假      winter holiday  寒假 Holiday, vacation, 和leave 的区别： 1）holiday和vacation都可表示“假期”，前者主要用于英国英语中，后者主要用于美国英语中。 2）无论是在英国英语中还是美国英语中，表示因宗教节日或国家喜庆日而设定的“假日”都用holiday。 New Year’s Day is a holiday for everyone. 3）leave表示“休假”“假期”，主要指雇员因有某种理由而获准的休假；还通常指军队、政府、机关等的休假。 She has been given sick leave.  她获准休病假。 2. interesting  表示“有趣的，引起兴趣的”，用来描述事物的特征。 This movie is so interesting.   interested  表示“感兴趣的”，用来描述人的感受。 be interesting in sth. / doing sth. I’m interested in English. 3. be afraid for  害怕……          be afraid to do …  害怕做…… 我害怕蛇。  ________________________________________________________ Amy害怕在河里游泳。  _______________________________________________ 注：be afraid of doing sth. 和be afraid to do sth. 的区别： 前者指因顾及后果而怕做某事；后者则侧重表示因担心做某事有后患而不愿或不敢做某事。 他害怕爬树。  _______________________________________________________ 他不敢怕这棵树。  ___________________________________________________ 4. at 的用法：   1）表示时间或时刻：at night, at noon, at six o’clock, at dawn, at the weekend…   2）表示在某处：at home, at school, at the gate, at the hospital… 5. too many  太多；用来修饰可数名词复数。 too many cars   too much  太多；用来修饰不可数名词。  too much water   much too  太……；用来修饰形容词或副词，表示程度。  It’s much too cold. 6. be different to  和…… 不同      反义词：the same as  和…… 一样 It’s very different to our home on the farm.    它和我们在农场的家不同。 I think the same as you do about this.    在这件事上，我的想法和你一样。 7. because  因为，用来描述原因，引导从句。通常用来回答why提问的问题。 I can’t go there because I must do my homework. -------Why do you like live in the countryside? ------Because it’s quiet and comfortable. 【即时演练】 一、用括号里所给词的正确形式填空。 1. That is not _____ kite.That kite is very small, but ______ is very big.  ( I )  2. My holiday is very ________(interest). 3. The traffic _____(be) very heavy and the streets are ________(crowd). 4. _______(we) dresses are red. What colour are _______( you )? 5. I can’t _______(wait) to get back home and see all my _______(friend). 二、单项选择题。 (  ) 1. My uncle gave a new bike to ________.         A. theirs           B. they          C. me         D. I  (  ) 2. Help________ answer the questions.  A. I          B. my            C. me        D. mine  (  ) 3. He is ________ in cooking.       A. interest      B. interesting    C. interests      D. interested (  ) 4. ________ he _________ Guangzhou?       A. Do; live in      B. Does; live in      C. Do; lives on    D. Does; lives on (  ) 5. There are _______bread on the table. A. too many      B. too much      C. much too    D. many too (  ) 6. In the city, it’s crowded. And it’s very noisy _______. A. too      B. also      C. to      D. either (  ) 7. Let _____give ____a book. A. me, your        B. you, my       C. me, you     D. you, mine (  ) 8. ---Why do you like this dog?  --- _______it’s cute. A. Of      B. Because      C. As      D. With (  ) 9. 1.-What are      in English?  -They’re basketballs.  A. this        B. these      C. they      D. Them (  ) 10. The traffic is too _____in the city.     A. big        B. large      C. heavy      D. crowded (  ) 11. ---Hello! Is ____Miss Green speaking?  ---No, ______is Cindy speaking.  A. that, that       B. you, I        C. that, this       D. you, that (  ) 12. ---Look! What is  ____over there on the hill?   ---I think it’s a small house.  A. this         B. that        C. she       D. he (  ) 13. We _____at the party last Sunday.  A. enjoyed myself        B. enjoyed ourselves      C. enjoyed ourself       D. enjoy ourselves  (  ) 14. ---Do you have a computer?  ---Yes, I have a good _____.  A. some         B. one         C. it        D. ones (  ) 15. Listen to me. I have ______to tell you.  A. anything surprising          B. something surprising       C. surprising           D. surprising something 三．从B栏中找出与A栏各句相应的答语                         A                                              B  (         ) 1. Are you from the U. S. A. ?            A. No, he's Zhou Weilun.  (         ) 2. Is she Jane?                             B. Yes, she is.  (         ) 3. Where are you from?                   C. No, they aren't.  (         ) 4. Where is he from?                     D. His name is Michael.  (         ) 5. Is he Tom?                                E. No, I'm from Canada.  (         ) 6. What's his name?                      F. They're from New York.  (         ) 7. Are they from England?               G. He is from Beijing.  (         ) 8. Where is Nanjing?                      H. We're from China.  (         ) 9. Where are they from?                   I. It's in Jiangsu.  (         ) 10. Good evening!                          J. Good evening!   (         ) 11. Thank you.                                 k. Fine,thank you.  (         ) 12. How are you                                L. That’s OK. 四、完成句子。 1. 有时候我害怕出去。   Sometimes I am _______ ________ _______ ________. 2. 它和我们在农场的家不一样。   It’s very _______ _______ our home on the farm. 3. 街道又拥挤又脏。   The streets are ______ and ______. 4. 今天天气怎么样？   What’s the _______ _______ today? 5. 你可以去看电影或去超市购物。   You can ______ _______ _______ _______ or shop at the supermarket. 五、阅读理解。 What's the weather like today? It's sunny, windy and warm. I go to meet my pen pal — a girl from Dalian, in the City Zoo. The zoo is between a supermarket and a library. My pen pal's name is Lingling. She is thirteen years old and she wants to be an animal feeder (饲养员). She loves animals very much. Now we are watching elephants playing. They are funny and clever. There are many people in the zoo. They like to see animals. A boy is feeding a koala. But the animal feeder stops him. We have a good time today. （  ） 1. The weather today is ______. A. cloudy, windy and warm.       B. rainy, windy and cold.  C. sunny, windy and warm       D. sunny, cloudy and cool. （  ） 2. Ling ling is from ______.             A. Hainan     B. Shanghai     C. Taiyuan    D. Dalian （  ） 3. The zoo is ______.             A. across from a hotel       B. between a supermarket and a library              C. next to a post office       D. in front of a pay phone （  ） 4. What does Lingling want to be?             A. A doctor   B. A teacher   C. A nurse   D. An animal feeder （  ） 5. Which is wrong（错误的）?           A. People can feed koalas in the zoo.     B. Lingling loves animals.  C. We can see elephants in the zoo.       D. Ling ling is a girl and she is 13. 六、 读短文，根据短文回答问题。     Mr Cook is American. He lives in a small farm near New York. Now Mr Cook and his family are going to move to a new house in New York. He has a got a new job there .He is going to work at a post office in this big kitchen. In front of the house there is a big garden. His new house is much smaller than the old one. It has only two bedrooms and one living room, one toilet and a small kitchen. But Mr Cook likes his new job. And he think life in the city is better than the life in the country. (1) Where is MR Cook’s old house?   ____________________________________________________________________ (2) Is MR Cook’s new house much bigger than his old house?   ____________________________________________________________________ (3) Which has more bedrooms, the old house or the new one ?   ____________________________________________________________________ (4) Does MR Cook like his new job?   ___________________________________________________________________- (5) Does he thinks life in the city is better than the life in the country?     ____________________________________________________________    __ 七、写作：你喜欢城市生活吗？为什么？在你印象中，你觉得城市生活是怎样的？ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Module 3 Health Unit 5 What’s the matter with you? 【单词回顾】 健康_________    事情_________    病的_______    肚子疼________听到________    小时_______    检查_______    服药_______    药__________ 次________    牙疼________    糖果_________    刷________    两次_______ 断了的________    手指________    头疼__________    能够_______ 发烧________    休息________    感冒_________  怎么回事_________________  一、短语：see a doctor, go to the hospital, this morning, have a toothache, brush teeth, twice a day, have a broken finger, take a rest, have a headache, drink plenty of water, have a cold, take medicine, have a fever, have a stomachache, go to school, on weekdays… 二、句子： 1. What’s matter with you? 2. I have a stomachache. 3. I’m sorry to hear that. 4. You should see a doctor. 5. I think you’ll be well soon. 6. He asked me to take this medicine three times a day for a week. 三、重点精析： 1. I am sorry to hear that.    听到这个消息我感到很难过。 hear of  知道        hear about  听说        hear from  收到……来信   我上周收到老爸来信。 ______________________________________________________ 你听说过他吗？    _________________________________________________________ hear和listen的区别： 1）hear表示“听见”“听到”，强调结果，可能有意识的听，也可能无意识地听。 如：I heard someone singing in the next room.    我听到有人在隔壁唱歌。 2）listen是不及物动词，表示有意识或注意地“听”，并不说明是否听见的结果；必须需加to才能接宾语。 如：He likes listen to music. 2. health  健康        healthy  健康的        in good health  健康状况好        in poor health  健康状况不好 3. I brush my teeth twice a day.  我一天刷两次牙。 once  一次    twice  两次      three times  三次    four times  四次 4. I have a broken finger.  我有一根手指断了。    broken  断了的   a broken window  破碎的窗玻璃          a broken marriage  破裂的婚姻 5. Don’t wear wet clothes.  不要穿湿衣服。   wear除了表示“穿（衣服、鞋子等）”，还可以表示“戴（帽子、眼镜等）”；立着（胡子、头发等）。   如：She is wearing a long dress.       My mother wears long hair. 注：wear意思是“穿着，戴着”，强调状态；put on 意思是“穿上”，强调动作。 6. I went to the hospital this morning.  今天上午我去了医院。   this 在这里和现在有关的时间连用，意思是“今，本，现在”，既可以表示过去时，也可以表示将来时。常见短语有： this week 这周    this month 这个月    this year 今年    this afternoon 今天下午 this evening 今天晚上    this Monday 这周一    this weekend 这周末 7. have a toothache  牙疼 have在这里表示“患病”，“have a + 疾病名词”表示“患某种疾病”。 如：have a headache 头疼    have a toothache 牙疼  have a cold 感冒 have a fever 发烧    have a stomachache 肚子疼 have 除了表示“患病”，还有其他含义：   1）有；拥有        I have a new book.   2）吃；喝          What do you have for lunch?   3）经历；经受      I went to the party and had a good time. 8. take medicine  吃药   1) take在这里意思是“吃（药），服（药）”   2) take还有很多其他含义： ①拿走，带走          Don’t take toys to school. ②买，买下            I will take this red dress. ③拍照，摄影          I like taking photos. ④花费（时间）        It takes me two hours to do my homework. 9. What’s the matter with you?  =  What’s wrong with you?    你怎么了？ What’s the matter with… / What’s the wrong with…意思是“……怎么了？”用来询问身体或精神状态，也可以用来询问突发事件，表示关心或问候。 ----What’s the matter with you mother?    ----She has a fever. 10. You should see a doctor.  你应该去看医生。 分析：should是情态动词，没有人称和数的变化，后面接动词原形，句型结构： 1）肯定句：主语+should+动词原形+其他. 如：You should go to school. 2）否定句：主语+shouldn’t+动词原形+其他. 如：He shouldn’t be late for school. 3）一般疑问句：Should+主语+动词原形+其他。 如：Should I take this medicine? 【即时演练】 一、英汉互译。 1. 看医生__________________            2. 发烧__________________ 3. 吃药____________________            4. 一天两次______________ 5. 休息一下_________________          6. 太多__________________ 7. 去医院___________________          8. 头痛__________________ 9. 刷牙____________________          10. 工作日_________________ 二、单项选择。 (  ) 1. What’s the matter ________you?     A. with        B. for      C. of        D. in (  ) 2. He should _______ a rest.     A. to have      B. has      C. had      D. have (  ) 3. You should take this medicine _________ a day.     A. two          B. twice      C. three      D. twices (  ) 4.  ---________   ---I have a headache.  A. What's the matter, Judy?           B. Where are you, Judy?  C. Who are you?                     D. What are you doing, Judy?  (  ) 5. I think walking is ________our health.  A. good at      B. bad at      C. well in    D. good for  (  ) 6. We should not eat ________junk food.  A. too many    B. too much    C. many too    D. much too  (  ) 7. ---How is the young man?     ---________  A. He is twelve.                B. He's much better. C. He is a doctor.              D. He's Allan.  (  ) 8. You should not eat________24 hours.  A. something in    B. nothing for      C. anything for      D. everything at  (  ) 9. ---My mother is ill.       ---________  A. Don't worry.      B. No hurry.      C. I'm sorry to hear that.      D. OK.  (  ) 10. I _____ you feel better soon. A. want    B. hope    C. need      D. should (  ) 11. Sara _______ a stomachache. So she _____ eat anything for twenty-four hours. A. has, shouldn’t    B. has, should    C. have, shouldn’t     D. have, should (  ) 12. I am sorry ________ that you’re not feeling well. A. and hear    B. to hear    C. heard      D. of hear 三、根据括号提示，把最佳答案写在横线上。 1．________ ( What’s，Who’s ) the matter with you ? 2．I_______ ( feel， feels，feeling) sick. 3．My temperature(温度) is 39゜C. I have a________ ( fever, toothache.) 4．I am very _________ ( bored, excited). I have nothing to do. 5．How does Amy feel? She __________ ( is, are , am ) happy. 6. Li Ying________(be) born in 1986.  7. He should_________(take) a rest. 8. You'd better________(not play) football in the street.  9. The Smiths wants________(live) in China.  10. The young man________(help) Granny to clean the house last Sunday. 四、聪明的小医生，请帮病人支个招吧！       What do you do if you have a cold?  1. If you have a cold, ___________________the doctor. 2.  ________some________and drink_________water. 3. ____________bed for a few __________.  4. You will ________better __________.  五、阅读对话，完成练习。 Doctor:   1  the matter, Mike? Mike: I think I have a f  2  . Doctor: Do you have a sore throat? Mike: No. I have a headache. I have an earache. Doctor: Maybe you   3  the flu. Mike: My nose hurts. I   4  go to school. Doctor: OK. There is a football match between China   6  Japan this afternoon. You 7 in bed and watch TV. You will feel   8  . Mike:  9  you. I  10  better now. 1. ________    2. ________    3. __________    4. _________    5. __________ 6. ________    7. ________    8. __________    9. _________    10. _________ 六、阅读短文，判断句子正（T）误（F）表示。   It’s Sunday afternoon. The weather is fine. There is a football match between class 2 and class 4. Many students are watching .They’re excited. Now Zhang Peng has the ball. He passes it to Wu Yifan .But Wu Yifan can’t kick the ball. Then John has the ball. He kicks it. The ball flies to Zhang Peng’s arm. Zhang Peng is very angry. The ball files into the goal. How is Zhang Peng feeling now? Guess! He is so happy! Hooray! Class 4 won the game. Class2 is very sad. (      ) 1. There is a basketball match on Sunday afternoon. (      ) 2. Wu Yifan can’t kick the ball. (      ) 3. Zhang Peng is happy when the ball flies to his arm. (      ) 4.Zhang Peng is happy when the ball flies into the gate. (      ) 5. Class 2 is not sad in the end. Unit 6 The secret to good health 【单词回顾】 秘密_______    简单的_______    最少_______    节食_______ 较少的________    多油的_______    最后地_________    甚至_________ 微笑________    至少__________    保持一个良好的饮食习惯________________ 一、短语： take exercise, stay healthy, at least, keep a good diet… 二、句型： 1. First, get plenty of sleep. 2. Don’t eat too much sweet or oily food. 3. How old does Mr Li look? 4. Get up early and go to bed early. 三、重点精析： 1. Keep a good diet.  保持一个良好的饮食习惯。   on diet  节食；减肥      balanced diet  均衡饮食 2. Eat more vegetables and less meat.  多吃蔬菜，少吃肉。   less是little的比较级      less than  少于    less and less  越来越少 3. First, get plenty of sleep, at least 8 hours each night.  首先，要有充足的睡眠，每晚至少有八个小时的睡眠。 分析： at least意思是“至少，不是少于”，是副词短语，可以修饰动词或整个句子 ，用来强调程度或数量。 4. Don’t eat too much sweet or oily food.    不要吃太多糖和油腻食物。 分析：这是一个否定祈使句。祈使句是用来表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等语气的句子。祈使句有以下几种类型： 1）Do型----Do（表示行为的动词原形）+宾语+…   Take the No.7 bus over there.              Open the door. 2）Be型----Be+名词 / 形容词+…     Be quirt!                        Be careful. 3）Let型----Let+宾语（通常是第一或第三人称宾格）+动词原形+…     Let’s go home. 4）Don’t型----Don’t+动词原形+…     Don’t read in the sun. 5）No型----No+名词或动词ing形式.     No photos!                    No smoking! 【巧记】祈使句句型口诀： 祈使句，无主语，只用谓语就可以。  表示请求或命令，加上please表客气。 如果变成否定句，Don’t开头是规律。  No fishing! 是警示语，祈使句用法需记牢。 5. How old does Mr Li look?      李先生看起来多大了？ 分析：这是How old引导的特殊疑问句，how old的意思是“多大”，用来询问年龄。回答时可以用“主语+be动词+数字+year(s) old.” 如：----How old are you?    ----I’m eleven years old. 【拓展】how还可以和其他词一起来询问程度或状况： How组合 用法 例句 How long 意为“多长”，提问长度。 How long is the ship? 这艘船多长？ How big 意为“多大”，提问体积。 How big is your box? 你的箱子多大？ How tall 意为“多高”，提问高度。 How tall is the tree? 这棵树多高？ How many 意为“多少”提问可数名词的数量。 How many pens do you have? 你有多少支钢笔？ How much 意为“多少”，提问不可数名词的数量或价格。 How much water do you want?” 你要多少水？How much is it? 多少钱？ How well 意为“多好”，提问程度。 How well do you play piano? 你钢琴弹得多好？ 6. 重点语法：介词 介词表明名词、代词等与句中其他词的关系，在句中不能单独作句子成分。介词可以分为时间介词、地点介词、方式介词、原因介词、数量介词和其他介词。时间介词和地点介词的用法如下： 1. 时间介词是用来表示时间的介词：   1）on表示在具体的某一天或具体的某一天的上午、下午或晚上。 如：on Monday  在星期一                on May 1st  在5月1日 on Sunday morning  在星期天早上      on Christmas day 在圣诞节   2）at表示在具体某一时刻或用于固定短语中。 如：at five o’clock  在五点        at night  在晚上      at noon  在正午   3）in泛指一天的早、中、晚，还可以表示一段时间，如星期、月、年、季节等。 如：in the morning  在早上      in 2014  在2014年      in winter  在冬天   4）from… to…“从……到……”用来指时间范围。 如：We go to school from Monday to Friday.  我们从星期一到星期五上学。   5）before意思是“在…..之前”，after意思是“在……之后”，用来表示时间的先后顺序。 如：Wash your hands before dinner.  饭前要洗手。 Please clean the classroom after school.  放学后请打扫教室。 2. 空间介词是用来表示空间或位置的介词。   1）on表示在某一平面或线上，强调与某物体有接触。 如：There is a pen on the desk.  书桌上有一支钢笔。   2）in表示在较大的地方，在某立体空间或平面范围之内。 如：The kids are playing in the room.  孩子们在房间里面玩。   3）at用于表示在一个较小的地点，这个地点被当作一个点来对待。 如：She is waiting for you at the gate.  她在大门处等着你。   4）over强调在某人或某物的正上方，而且两物体表面没有接触；above强调位置在某物体的上方，并不一定是正上方，而且两物体表面也没有接触。 如：There is a bridge over the river.  河上面有一座桥。 Some birds are flying above the clouds.  一些鸟儿在云朵上飞翔。   5）under强调在某物的正上方，两物理表面可以接触，也可以不接触。below强调位置低于某参照物，但并不一定是正下方。 如：A cat hides under the sofa.  一只猫咪藏在沙发下面。 Please do not write below this line.  请不要写到这条线下面。   6）between表示位置在两者之间；among表示位置在三者或者三者以上之间。 如：I set between Tom and Mary.  我坐在汤姆和玛丽之间。 Susan is among the crowd.  苏珊在人群当中。   7）in front of表示在一定范围外的前面；in the front of表示在一定范围内的前面。 如：There is a fountain in the front of the park.  公园的前面有一个喷泉。   He is standing in front of me.  他正站在我前面。 【练一练】介词填空： 1.  the first day ________ school               2. ________ the school playground    3. _________ classes                         4. _________ Wednesday    5.__________ a farm                         6. a lot _______ fruit trees  7. live _________ a town                      8.________ the weekends 9. look _______ them                         10.________ the sitting room  11.  ________ the 4th ______ November       12. _________ the playground  13. ________ his grandpa’s house              14.  ________ New Year 15. talk _______ his students _______ holidays    16. _________ Christmas Day 17. have a big lunch _________ my family  1    18. _________ September or October  【即时演练】 一、单项选择。 （  ）1. —________    —I have a headache. A. What's the matter, Judy?               B. Where are you, Judy? C. Who are you?                                D. What are you doing, Judy? （  ）2. I think walking is ________ our health. A. good at           B. bad at          C. well in               D. good for （  ）3. We should not eat ________ junk food. A. too many         B. too much            C. many too           D. much too （  ）4. Did you ________ some medicine?   A. take             B. eat              C. drink        D. have （  ）5. ________ you have a cold?    A. Do               B. Are          C. Can        D. Should （  ）6. My grandfather takes exercises ________ two hours every day.           A. with      B. in        C. as          D. for （  ）7. Do you know the secret _________ good health?           A. in        B. on      C. at        D. to （  ）8. Can you find the answer _________ the question?         A. in        B. on      C. at        D. to （  ）9.  —What’s the matter with you? —I caught_____ and had to stay in ____ bed. A. a; /              B. a; the        C. a; a              D. the; the （  ）10. —I have got a bad cold. I feel terrible.  —   ____________ A. All right.                                  B. Is that so? C. Sorry to hear that.                       D. I’m afraid so. （  ）12. My uncle lives ____ 88 Beijing Street.   A. to          B. of          C. at         D. on  （  ）13. They are waiting ___ a bus ___ the bus stop.  A. for; in         B. on; at          C. with; at         D. for; at （  ）14. Children get gifts ____ Christmas and ____ their birthdays.  A. on; on      B. at; on      C. in; in      D. in; on  （  ）15.  ----There is nothing ____tomorrow afternoon, is there?    ----No. We can have a game of table tennis.      A. on      B. in         C. out        D. up  （  ）16.  A lot of students in our school were born____March, 1981.    A. in      B. at        C. on         D. since  （  ）17. Tim suddenly returned____ a rainy night.   A. on      B. at       C. in         D. during  （  ）18.  My grandfather was born____Oct. 10, 1935.    A. on      B. in        C. at         D. of  （  ）19.There are some birds singing___ the trees.   A. in       B. on       C. at        D. from  （  ）20. There are so many apples___ that tree.   A. in      B, on         C. at       D. from  二、. 单句改错，下列各句中均有一处错误，请指出并改正。 1. What's(A) the matter(B) to(C) you(D)? ________   2. My father often(A) eats(B) too many(C) food(D). ________   3. We are(A) tired(B), so we want(C) to have rest(D). ______   4. If you want to(A) stay health(B), you must(C) take some exercise(D). ________   5. The old man(A) might(B) is(C) a doctor(D). ________   三、 对话排序，选择下列每组句子的正确语序，使其组成符合逻辑的对话。 （    ） ①Is it anything serious? ②My head hurts. I feel terrible.  ③Please sit down. Let me have a look at you.  ④What's wrong with you, young man?  ⑤No, nothing serious. Take this medicine and you can be better soon.  A. ①②④③⑤              B. ④②③①⑤  C. ③④②①⑤              D. ④②①③⑤ 四、句型转换 1. He has a fever. （就划线部分提问） __________ __________ __________ with him? 2. Tom should eat something. （变成否定句） Tom __________ eat __________. 3. My headache started two days ago. （就划线部分提问） __________ __________ your headache __________? 4. I have a cold. （变成一般疑问句） __________ you __________ a cold? 5. She has a toothache. （变成否定句） She __________ __________ a toothache. 6.You should drink a lot of water.（改为同义句） You should drink _______ ________water. 五、 完成对话 （A）从对话后的方框中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。  A: We are going to play basketball. (1)________  B: I'd like to, but I can't.  A: (2)________  B: I have to see Xiao Fang in the hospital.  A: What's the matter with her? (3)________  B: (4)________  A: (5)________  B: I'm afraid I can't.  A. Her head hurts and she doesn't want to eat.  B. Would you like to go with us?  C. Anything serious?  D. Are you coming later?  E. What do you have to do?  （B）根据对话内容在空白处填写入一个适当的词语使对话完整。  Doctor: What's__(1)__with you, young man?  Paul: I don't feel__(2)__.  Doctor: I'm__(3)__to hear that. Please take__(4)__your shirt and__(5)__down on the bed.  Paul: Yes, doctor.  Doctor: Well, there's__(6)__much wrong with you. Do your take much exercise?  Paul: No, doctor. I never have__(7)__time for exercise.  Doctor: How do you sleep?  Paul: Very badly, doctor. Can you give me__(8)__medicine to help me sleep?  Doctor: Yes, I can, but I'm not going to. You don't need medicine. Just take more exercise.  Paul: You're right, doctor. It's important for me to__(9)__healthy. Thank you for your advice.  Doctor: You're welcome. I__(10)__you feel better soon. 1._________  2._________  3.___________  4.___________  5.________ 6._________  7._________  8.___________  9.___________  10._______ 六、阅读理解。 It’s important for us to be healthy. But how can we keep healthy?  First, you should eat fruit and vegetables three or four times a week. Then eat some tofu every day because it’s good for people, both the young and the old. Milk is also necessary(必要的），especially for  women. So you should have milk twice a day. It can help you   to be strong. Next, doing more exercise is  better. You can do morning exercises or evening exercises. After supper you should take a walk.    (  ) 1. You should eat_______  three or four times a week.  A. fruit and fish          B. vegetables and mutton   C. tofu                D. fruit and vegetables  (  ) 2. Tofu is good for  ______.  A. young people    B. old people   C. young and old people    D. students  (  ) 3. Why do people have milk?  A. It，s delicious.      B. It’s a kind of drink.  C. It’s bad for you.     D. It can help you keep strong.  (  ) 4. You should have milk  .  A. four times a day      B. five times a  week  C. twice a day          D. twice a week  (  ) 5. The passage mainly tells us__________.  A. how to keep healthy          B. what health is  C. why health is important        D. how often you can eat tofu 七、写作。 以“My healthy life”为题写一篇小作文。 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Module 4 Past experiences Unit 7 What did you do yesterday? 【单词回顾】经验________      昨天_________    生气的________  来_________    可怜的_________    最近的_________    年__________ 一点都不_________    buy的过去式__________    meet的过去式____________ see的过去式__________    read的过去式_________ 一、短语：go shopping, a pair of, meet my friend, ride my bike, see a film, read a story book, have a party, go to the countryside, clean my home, do my homework, last night, last weekend, last month, last year, last Saturday… 二、句型： 1. What did you do yesterday? 2. I went shopping with my mother. 3. Where did you do yesterday? 4. I stayed at home all day. 三、重点精析： 1. bought    买（buy的过去式） buy sb. sth.  =  buy sth. to sb.  表示给某人买某物 He bought me in new coat.  = He bought a new coat for me. 2. My mum was angry because I came home late.  我妈妈生气了因为我回家晚了。 angry    生气，愤怒 be angry with  对……生气（针对人）      be angry about  因为……生气（针对事） 我怎么会对她生气呢？_____________________________________________________ 他对我的错误感到生气。___________________________________________________ 3. came  来（come的过去式）   When did you come home?  你什么时候回家的？ come in  进来      come on  出场，加油      come out  出来，发行，开花 come after  追赶，追随      come back  回来，返回      come down  崩塌 4. Poor Ben!  可怜的本！    Poor  可怜的，贫穷的，劣质的，差的 She is in poor health.      她身体不好。 5. Where did you go last night?    昨天晚上你去哪里了？ last跟时间词组成短语，常用在一般过去时态中。如：last night, last week, last month, last Monday, last summer…… 6. I went shopping with my mother.   go + 动词ing形式，用来表示“去从事某种（体育或娱乐）活动”，常见的短语有： go bathing 去洗澡        go boating  去划船      go camping  去野营 go climbing  去爬山      go cycling  骑车          go dancing  去跳舞 go drinking  去喝饮料    go fishing  去钓鱼        go hunting  去狩猎 go riding 骑马          go sailing  去航行        go shopping  去购物 go skating  去溜冰      go skiing  去滑雪 7. They look great.  它们看起来很棒。 look在这里是感官系动词。常见的感官系动词有look（看起来），sound（听起来），smell（闻起来），feel（摸起来），后面接形容词作表语，说明主语所处的状态。除look之外，其他几个动词的主语往往是物，而不是人。 这些花闻起来很香。____________________________________________________ 这些西红柿摸起来很软。________________________________________________ 8. The boy helped the old woman carry things. help sb. do sth.    /    help sb. with sth.    帮助某人做某事 我能帮助妈妈做家务。______________________________________________                   ________________________________________________ 9. 重点语法：一般过去时   A、概念： 一般过去时主要表示过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态。   B、形式： 含有实义动词的一般过去时表示过去发生的动作，基本句型是“主语+动词过去式+其他”；通常的提示词有__________________________________________________________ 如：I made a cake yesterday.   C、句型变化： 1）否定句：主语+didn’t+动词原形+其他. 如：We didn’t go to the party. 2）一般疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形+其他? 肯定回答：Yes, 主语+did.      否定回答：No, 主语+didn’t. 如：-----Did you listen to he music?    -----Yes, I did. -----Did Tom take some photos?      ------No, he didn’t. 3）特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其他？ 如：What did you do this morning?  你今天上午做了什么？ When did you go to school yesterday?    昨天你什么时候去上学？ D、动词变过去式的规则变化： 1）动词直接加“ed”：work—— worked look——looked ， 2）以不发音的字母“e”结尾的单词，直接加“d”：live ——lived hope——hoped use——used, 3）以辅音字母+y结尾的，变y为i加“ed”：study—— studied carry——carried worry——worried, 4）以元音字母+y结尾的，直接加“ed”：enjoy ——enjoyed play——played 5） 以重读闭音节结尾的，双写最后的辅音字母+ed：stop—— stopped plan——planned 6）不规则变化的动词过去式： have---had            are---were          get---got              say---said feel---felt              do/does---did        am/is---was            go---went      drink--drank          eat--ate              bring----brought        think----thought    buy----bought          catch---- caught      teach ---- taught      sit----sat wear----wore          cut----cut            sweep----swept        sleep——slept  become----became      sell----sold          read----read          take----took ride----rode            send----sent        wear----wore          win----won run----ran              put----put            know----knew        make----made 【练一练】用所给的动词的适当形式填空。 1. He _____(visit) the Great Wall last year. 2.We________(have) a good time yesterday. 3.We often _______(go) to school by bus last year. 4.I ________(live)in the village when I was a child. 5.Mike______(see) a big tiger in the nature park last year. 6.Sam_____ (do) the housework yesterday. 7.______(do) you _______(enjoy) yourself yesterday? 8.______(do)you _________(play) the violin in the afternoon yesterday? No, I didn't. I_____(draw)some pictures there. 9. I ______ (eat) a big pizza yesterday. 10.There____ (be) many sheep on the farm last year. 11. I ______ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday. 12. Her father _______ (read) a newspaper last night. 13. We _________ to zoo yesterday, but we _____ to the park. (go) 14. ______ you _______ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival? 15. ______ he _______ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he ______. 【即时演练】 一、翻译。 1. 去购物________________                2. 骑我的自行车__________________ 3. 见我的朋友______________              4. 读 故事 滥竽充数故事班主任管理故事5分钟二年级语文看图讲故事传统美德小故事50字120个国学经典故事ppt 书______________________ 5. 举行聚会________________              6. 做我的作业____________________ 7. 昨晚____________________              8. 上周末_______________________ 9. 打扫我的房子______________            10. 去乡村_______________________ 11. 上个周一_________________            12. 看电影________________________ 二、选择题。 (    ) 1. I _____ my room last night. A. clean       B. cleans      C. cleaned  (    ) 2. He _____ his homework on Sunday morning. A. do       B. did        C. to do  (    ) 3. It is time _____ home.  A. go      B. to go        C. to go to  (    ) 4. What _____ you _____ last weekend? A. did; do       B. did; did        C. do; does  (    ) 5. _____ he ______ tennis after classes yesterday?  A. Did; played      B. Did; play        C. Does; play  (    ) 6. I saw a boy _____ away when I passed the park.  A. run                   B. ran                  C. for  (    ) 7. Is there _____ in today’s newspaper？      A. something important   B. anything important    C. important anything  (    ) 8. We must keep our bodies ______.  A. heath                 B. healthy              C. healthily  (  ) 9. He helped his mother ________ the housework.     A. do      B. does      C.did (     ) 10. What ____  Mike do last weekend ?   A  do       B  does       C  did (     ) 11.  _____ you _____ TV last night . A  Do, watch   B  Did, watch    C  Did, watched (     ) 12. ---Did  your father write an e-mail yesterday?  A  Yes, he did.  B Yes, he does   C No, he don’t 三、对下列句子中的划线部分提问或改为否定句。  1. I got up at nine yesterday morning.     __________ ___________ you get up yesterday morning?  2. We did our homework last night.  _________ __________ you ___________ last night?  3. They were in the supermarket last Sunday.  ________   __________ they last Sunday?   4.My last weekend was kind of boring.  _________ _________  your last weekend?  5. Linda took a walk with her parents after dinner.   _________ _______ Linda take a walk with after dinner? 6. His mother did the shopping.  ___________ _________  the shopping?  7. They played football.           ____________  __________ they do ?  8. The boy went to the park.               __________ __________ the boy ___________?  9. She felt well.                _____________did she      __________ ? 10. He put it here. (否定句)                    He ________  ________ it here.  四、连词成句。 1. did,  What,  you , yesterday,  do （？） _______________________________________________________________________ 2.you, Did, the, room, clean （？） _____________________________________________________________________ 3. went,  I ,  to, park ,  a,  yesterday （ .） ___________________________________________________________________ 4.jumped,  the， into， lake，He  （ .） ____________________________________________________________________ 5.with, He, his, played, friends, last, football, weekend( . ) ___________________________________________________________________ 五、完形填空                      Today we had _ __1 _ exciting trip. My father, my mother and I _ __2 _  to summer camp. We went to the mountains. First, we ___ 3_   to the foot(脚) of the mountain___ 4__   bus. In the middle of the mountain, there was a river. The water was clean. I washed my face with the ___ 5  _. I t was warm. There __ _6 __ some fishes in the river. And there were a lot of __ _7 _ flowers in the mountain. At 12 o’clock, many people got together, and they were very _ __8_  . We made our lunch in the mountain. The food was very ___ 9__ , and we liked it very much. After lunch, we went on our trip. At last, we got to the top(顶部) of the mountain. We were very ___10 ___. All in all, we enjoyed the trip very much.  (     ) 1. A. a                B. an                  C. the  (     )  2. A. go              B. goes               C. went  (    )  3. A. get            B. got                   C. gets  (     ) 4. A. by               B. take                C. in  (     ) 5. A. water           B. food                 C. trip  (     ) 6. A. is               B. were                 C. was  (     ) 7. A. ugly            B. difficult              C. beautiful  (     ) 8. A. friendly        B. boring               C. expensive  (     ) 9. A. terrible         B. delicious             C. exciting  (     ) 10. A. happy         B. unhappy            C. lovely   六、阅读理解。 Tony’s Sunday Tony got up at eight o’clock and then had his breakfast. His mother cooked his favorite food---chicken noodles for him. After breakfast, Tony began to do his homework. He didn’t have too much homework, because teachers wanted them to have a good rest（休息） during weekends.  At thirty past nine, Tony read his favorite book Harry Potter. It was really a great book. After that, he listened to Jay’s songs. At eleven, he went to his friend Mike’s party at KFC. They were very happy because they ate their favorite food- hamburgers.  Lunch was over at about one thirty in the afternoon. Then they all went to see a new movie. This was Tony’s Sunday. He really had a good time.  (    ) 1. What food did Tony like best?         A. Milk and eggs.      B. Egg noodles.     C. Chicken noodles  (    ) 2. When did Tony read his favorite book?     A. At 9:30 am.     B. At 9:00 am.       C. At 8:30 am.  (    ) 3. Tony and all his friends all liked _______ best.     A. vegetables       B. fruit           C. hamburgers  (    ) 4. What did Tony and his best friend do after lunch?         A. They went to KFC.           B. They listened to Jay’s songs.  C. They watched a movie.  (    ) 5. Which of the following is true?     A. Tony had too much homework.        B. Tony’s favorite book is Harry Potter.C. Tony went to Mike’s party at 9:00.  Unit 8 A trip to Hong Kong 【单词回顾】 迪士尼公园__________    米老鼠__________    唐老鸭_________ 后来_________    feel的过去式_________    直到________    更好的________ 惊讶的_________    sit的过去式__________ 一、短语：go on a trip, by train, take a photo… 二、句子： 1. Ben sat with me until I felt better. 2. Ben said he was very excited because it was his first visit to the island. 3. We all hope the trees will grow well. 三、重点精析： 1. I went on a trip to Hong Kong.    我去香港旅游了。 辨析：journey, travel, trip的区别 1）journey指从一地到另一地，通常指陆地上的远距离“旅行”，有时也可以表示经常走的或长或短的“路程”。只作名词。 如： I took a journey from Beijing to Shanghai last year.   - - How long is your journey to school?      --Only about 10 minutes. 2） travel作“旅行、游历”解，一般表示从一地到另一地旅行这一总的概念。常指长时间、远距离的“旅行”。尤指出国旅行。可作动词和名词。其复数形式意思为“旅游笔记”、“游记”。 如：  At present, many people are fond of travel in their spare time.  3）trip 一般指时间短、距离近的“旅行、远足”，也可以指长途旅行。在非正式用语中可代替journey。只作名词。 如： We made a boat trip to the island last week and had a good time.   I will be on a trip to / journey to the south next summer holiday. 2. Ben said he was very excited.  本说他非常兴奋。 辨析：say, speak, talk, tell的区别 (1). say意为“说，讲”，指用言语表达思想，强调说话内容，不接“人”作宾语。 ( 2). speak强调开口说话、发言的动作，作及物动词时，后面跟某种语言作宾语。  (3). tell 意为“说，告诉”，指将某事讲给别人听，含有“吩咐，命令”等含义。常用结构为：tell sb sth/tell sth to sb或tell sb to do sth。  (4). talk意为“谈话，讲话”，强调谈话的双方，而不注重谈话内容。常用短语talk to/with sb，意为“和……交谈”。 【练一练】用say, speak, tell或talk填空。  (1). The teacher________the students not to be late again. (2). Do you often _________to your friends on the phone?  (3). Don’t forget to________“Thank you” when someone opens the door for you.  (4). Can you ________Japanese?  (5). Our English teacher comes from America, but she often _______we can________ Chinese when we ________with her. Sometimes she _______us stories in Chinese. 3. I was very surprised.    我非常惊讶。 辨析：surprised与surprising   1）surprising形容词，意为“令人惊讶的”，用来修饰物。   2）surprised形容词，意为“（人）感到惊奇的，吃惊的”，主语一般是人。 如：It’s a _____________ story.          We all feel ____________. 4. go on a trip =  take a trip  去旅游 “go on a + 名词”可以用来表示进行某项活动，常见短语有：go on a walk 去散散步 go on a diet 节食；减肥 5. by + 某种交通方式，表示“乘坐…..” 乘地铁_______________    乘公共汽车___________    乘火车_____________ 乘小汽车_____________    乘船_____________        乘飞机_____________ 6. take a photo  照相 take a photo of sb. 给某人照相，而且就是给他本人照相，而take a photo for sb. 是为某人照相，相片上不一定有他本人。 7. Ben sat with me until I felt better.    本陪我坐在一起直到我感觉好了。 until和 till同义为 直到…… ，till多用于口语，until可以放在句首，till不能。until和till用于肯定句中，主句的谓语动词必须是延续性动作，表示这一动作或状态一直延续到until和till所表示的时间为止。这些动词有：live wait last work等。 如：He watched TV until /till midnight last night. until和till用于否定句中，其句型为not……until……意为“直到……才……”或“在……之（没有）”通常与费延续性的动词连用，强调主句所表示的状态或动作从until/till所表示的时间才发生，主句必须是否定句。 如：I did not watch TV until she came back. 【即时演练】 一、写出下列单词的过去式。 do__________      go_________      are________      meet__________ buy_________      come_______      live_________      is___________ have________       want_______      finish________    drop_________ look_________      study________    carry________      run__________ ring________      eat_________    see_________       walk_________ help________      play_______      make_________     take________ visit_________      send______      read________      put_________ give_________      get_________    forget________      learn________ climb________      sell________      hold_________    write_________ speak_______      sit_________      start_________      feel________ tell________      catch_______        jump______        say________ 二、选择题。 (  ) 1. He goes to school _______ taxi.       A. by      B. on      C. take      D. in (    ) 2. Did you ______ to the supermarket _____ Sunday morning.             A. go, in            B.went, on           C. go, at        D.go, on (    ) 3. What ______Tom _______last weekend?           A.is doing           B.does  do         C.did do         D.is do  (    ) 4. Henry is very lazy and he does ______ at home.           A. anything          B. everything       C. nothing         D. something  (    ) 5.Tom spent 2 hours _______ math yesterday evening.              A.study             B. studied          C. studying         D. studied (    ) 6. Last weekend, I didn’t ______ my aunt.       A. visited        B. saw         C .visit       D. look   (    ) 7. Jenny often ____ to school early, but this morning she ______ to school late.      A. go; went      B. went; goes      C. goes; went      D. goes; goes  (    ) 8.My father _____ to America last week.        A. flew      B. flyed      C. flied       D. flies   (    ) 9. Do you have ______ to say ?         A. something important           B. important something  C. important anything            D. anything important   (    ) 10. --______________?   --- She played the piano.           A. What does Betty do       B. What did Betty do  C. What is Betty doing         D. Where was Betty   (    ) 11. ---Who cleaned the room?  --- Li Lei __________.       A. was       B. did       C. is       D. had  (   ) 12.  --_____you busy last weekend?   --Yes, I helped my mother clean the house and the garden.       A. Were      B. Was      C. Did      D. Are 三、根据所给单词填入正确的形式。 1. What about ________(see) a movie?  2. _____ you _____ (clean) the room last Sunday?   3. He often________(watch) TV at home and he _______(watch) TV last night.  4. Don't _______ (get) up late every night.  5. Mike ________(not do) his homework last weekend and the teacher was very angry. 6. Last night my sister _______ (study)for her English test.  7. He wanted ________(go) ________(camp) with me yesterday.  8. My fatherr often ________(teach) me how to make a model plane.look, he ______  (teach) me now.  9. _____ you _____ (clean) the room last Sunday?   10. He often _______ (watch) TV at home and he  _______  (watch) TV last night.  四、选择正确答语。 (     ) 1. What did he do yesterday?                  A. Yes, she did. (     ) 2. Did she wash the clothes yesterday?       B. I went fishing. (     ) 3. What did you do last weekend?            C. No, I didn’t. (     ) 4. Did you went to the park?                   D. He read a book yesterday. (     ) 5. What was the weather yesterday?            E. It was sunny. 五、读故事，回答问题。 John went campingwith his parents last summer. They went to a camp near a mountain and a lake. On the first day, John wanted to climb the mountain in the morning, but it was too cloudy outside. So John and his parents went for a short walk in the forest. Then they wanted to play football, but there were too many people, so they played volleyball by the river. Later they went to a café for lunch because it was very cold by the river. In the afternoon they wanted to swim in the lake, but it started to rain, so they stayed in the tent (帐篷) and played cards. That evening it rained cats and dogs (下倾盆大雨). The tent was very wet. They all felt cold and unhappy. Then Dad said, “I hate camping. Let’s go home!” And we all shouted “Yes!”  1) What did John want to do on the first day morning?  _____________________________________________________________________  2) What was the weather like?  _____________________________________________________________________  3) What sport did they play?  _____________________________________________________________________  4) Why didn’t they swim?  _____________________________________________________________________  5) What’s the Chinese for “hate” ?   A. 喜欢         B.热爱             C. 讨厌              D. 能够   六、阅读理解。 Mike’s summer vacation        On July 18th,2012, Mike and his parents went to Qingdao, a city in Shandong for summer vacation. Qingdao is a beautiful city with sea.       It was about 12:00 when they arrived there on the first day. They found a hotel and had a short rest. It was really hot and they decided to go to the beach. At about 3:30 pm, they got to the beach. There were many people there. Some were lying on the beach and many children were playing in the water. Mike was playing with them and he was very happy. His parents also felt relaxed. About two hours later, they went back to the hotel.        On the second day, it rained all day. Mike visited the history museum with his father and his mother went shopping.       On July 20th, they went to Laoshan Mountain in the morning and took a bus home in the afternoon. They were tired but happy.  (    ) 1. Where did Mike’s family go on vacation?         A. To Shanghai.          B. To Tianjin.         C. To Qingdao.  (    ) 2. What did Mike’s father do on July 19th?  A. He swam in the sea.          B. He visited the history museum.  C. He went shopping with Mike’s mother.  (    ) 3.How long was their vacation?          A. One day.            B. Two days.        C. Three days. (    ) 4. How did they go back home?           A. By train.             B. By bus.            C. By plane.  (    ) 5. Which of the following is true?      A. It rained on July 19th.                 B. They went shopping on July 20th.  C. Mike didn’t play in the water on the first day.  七、写作。 以“My last weekend”为题，写一篇小作文，谈谈你上个周末的活动。 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Module 5 Changes Unit 9 Was I a good girl back then? 【单词回顾】当时，过去那个时候______________    有礼貌的____________ 浏览_________    因特网____________    上网______________ 肥胖的___________    哭______________ 一、短语：back then, in the picture, play with toys, read books, watch TV, surf the Internet, watch cartoons, draw cartoons, smile a lot… 二、句子： 1. Was I a good girl back then? 2. My hair was very long then, wasn’t it? 三、重点精析： 1. But now you always keep it short. Keep在这里意思是“保持”，后面常加形容词，表示保持某种状态。 如：keep quiet  保持安静            keep warm  保暖 拓展：1）继续；重复（keep doing sth.）   如：Keep smiling.      要保持微笑。       2）保有；持有；不退还   如：I keep all her letters.    我把她所有的信都保留着。       3）饲养；养 如：We keep some goats.    我们养了一些山羊。 2. Watch TV    看电视 辨析：watch, look, see, 与read 的区别 1）look指集中注意力地看，是有意的，强调“看”的动作。单独使用时，用来引起对方的注意；如果跟宾语，要和at连用。 如： Look! Tom is over there.  看！汤姆在那儿。 Look at the blackboard, please.  请看黑板。  2）see强调“看”的结果，意为“看见、看到”。 如： How many birds can you see in the tree?    你能看到树上有多少只鸟儿？  3）watch强调“专注地看”，有欣赏的意味，常用于看电视、看球赛等。 如： Do you watch TV at night?    你晚上看电视吗？  4）read指“看”时实指“阅读”，常用于看书、看报等。 如： I like reading at home.  我喜欢在家看书。  3. My hair was very long then, wasn’t it?    我的头发那时候很长，是吗？ 语法：反义疑问句：反意疑问句是由陈述句和附在其后的附加疑问句组成。其中附加疑问句是对陈述句所说的事实或观点提出疑问，起证实作用，一般用于证实说话者所说的事实或观点。 A句子结构： 1)．陈述部分肯定式+疑问部分否定式可记为前肯后否定. They work hard, don’t they? 2)．陈述部分否定式+疑问部分肯定式可记为前否后肯定. You didn't go, did you? B句子类型：一种是反义的附加疑问句，一种是非反义的附加疑问句。简单来说，就是“前肯后否”或“前否后肯”。 C对反意疑问句的回答，无论问题的提法如何，如果事实是肯定的，就用yes，事实是否定的，就要用no。要特别注意陈述句部分是否定结构，反意疑问句部分用肯定式提问时，回答yes或no与汉语正好相反。这种省略回答的yes要译成“不”，no要译成“是”。 如：—He likes playing football, doesn’t he?    他喜欢踢足球，不是吗？ —Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t.      是的。/ 不是。 —His sister didn’t attend the meeting, did she?  他妹妹没有参加会议，是吗？ —Yes, she did. / No, she didn’t.      不，她参加了。/ 是的，她没参加。 【练一练】 1. You aren’t in this school ,___________________?  2. They don’t study science at school, __________________?  3. It isn’t Monday today, _______________?  4. The old man can’t look after himself, ______________?  5. Your mother doesn’t teach maths, _______________?  【即时演练】 一、选择题。 (  ) 1. I couldn’t swim ________ I was young.     A. what      B. which      C. when      D. where (  ) 2. Linda ate nothing this morning, ___?   A. didn’t she     B. was she     C. did she     D. wasn’t she  (  ) 3. Tina is unhappy now, ________?  A. isn’t she     B. is she     C. is he     D. did she  (  ) 4. There ________one classroom in the village school in 2000.         A. were      B. are      C. was      D. is (  ) 5. They _______ play table tennis last Sunday.         A. didn’t      B. don’t      C. doesn’t    D. weren’t (  ) 6. My home is ______ so I have to get up very early in the morning.       A. near      B. far away        C. close to      D. far away from (  ) 7. The poor man needs our help, ______ he? A. need    B. needn’t    C. does    D. doesn’t (    ) 8. My uncle ________ the big city.         A. live in      B. lives at      C. live on      D. lives in (  ) 9. Your hair was long before, but now you like to _____ it short.         A. get      B. keep      C. give      D. cut (  ) 10. Do you want to _______ the football game with me?       A. watch      B. see      C. look      D. read (     ) 11. Let me _____________ you my new room.  A. tell            B. look          C. watch         D. show   (     ) 12. The room has two big windows, so it is very _______________.  A. bright         B. new         C. far          D. old  (     ) 13. I walk to school. My new home is ___________________ my school.  A. close to       B. comfortable      C. far away from    D. like 二、完成下列反意疑问句  1. Tom didn’t watch TV last night, ___________  _______________?  2. There’re twenty girl students in your class, ____________  ________?  3. Everything is ready for the party, ___________  ______________?  4. They usually play football after school, _________  ______________?  5. Lucy had a party last Sunday, ___________  ____________?  6. Jack hardly goes to the cinema, _________  __________? 四、连词成句。 1. the child, always, on time, his homework, hands in, (.) _______________________________________________________________________ 2. the field, farming, the men, are, in, (.) _______________________________________________________________________ 3. I, a, was, good, then, back, girl, (?) _______________________________________________________________________ 4. wasn’t, long, then, hair, my, was, it, very, (,), (?) ______________________________________________________________________ 5. in a small village, Ben, the countryside, lived in, (.) _______________________________________________________________________ 五、阅读理解。 Len was thirty years old, and he had very long hair. He lived in a big city. Because of his long hair, he did not find any work. One day he met an old friend, and this man said to him, “People in this city don’t like long hair. Why don’t you go to a barber? He can cut a lot of it off, and then you can get some work” At the barber’s Len said to the barber, “Please cut most of my hair off.”  The barber began. He cut and cut for a long time and then he said to Len, “Were you in the army a few years ago?”  “Yes, I was,” Len answered, “Why did you ask that?”  “Because I found a cap in your hair.”  A、快速判断：  （  ）1. Len was old, so he did not find any work.  （  ）2. Len often wash his long hair.  （  ）3. Len’s hair was short.  （  ）4. Len barber found a cap in Len’s hair.  （  ）5. Len was in the army now.  B、选择填空：  （  ）1. Len met _________one day.          A. his father      B. an old man      C. his old friend  （  ）2.Len was very ________.            A. dirty      B. clean    C. tidy  （  ）3. The cap was in Len’s ________.    A. hand       B. bag        C. hair  （  ）4. People in the city don’t like ___________.        A. straight hair        B. long hair       C. short hair  Unit 10 Then and now 【单词回顾】……之前__________    村子___________      附近___________ 遥远________      办公室________      商店_________      百货公司_________ 当时________      上网_________      看卡通片__________ 一、短语：far away, department store, on time, three years ago… 二、句子： 1. It’s famous for its fish and rice. 2. The town is much bigger. 3. His home was nearby so he walked to school every day. 4. His home is far away, so every day he takes the bus. 三、重点精析： 1. ago  ……之前  ago前面加时间段，用来表示过去的时间。 如：a week ago  一周前      a few days ago    几天前 2. be famous for  因为……而出名；以……闻名 如：It’s famous for its fish and rice. 辨析：be famous for, be famous as, be famous to 1). be famous as 后一般跟 人，表“做为......人而闻名” 如：Lu Xun is famous as a great writer. 2). be famous for 后一般跟事物 ,表“因/由于......而闻名” 如：Lu Xun is famous for his great novels. 3). be famous to 后一般跟 人，表“对......是熟悉的”，“为......所熟知的” 如：Yao Ming is famous to most young people. 3. On the bus, he sees people going to work in modern office buildings and apartment stores. 分析：这个句子含有see sb. doing的结构，“看见某人做某事：可以用see sb. doing 或see sb. do。它们的区别是：     1）see sb. doing sth.是指“看见某人正在做某事“，不是全过程，表正在进行。 如：I saw her clean the classroom.  我看到她正在打扫教室。（强调正在做某事）     2）see sb. do sth.是指“看见某人做过某事”，是看见事情发生的全过程，动作已过去。 如：I saw her clean the classroom.  我看到她打扫教室了。（强调做过这件事） 4. 一般过去时：含有be动词的一般过去时表示过去存在的状态。它的基本句型结构是“主语+was / were+其他.” 如：I was tired.     She was in the park in the morning.     They were happy.   1）否定句：主语+wasn’t / weren’t+其他.   如：I wasn’t tired.       They weren’t happy. 2）一般疑问句：Was / Were+主语+其他.   肯定回答：Yes, 主语+was / were.      否定回答：No, 主语+wasn’t / weren’t. 如：-----Were you tired?    -----Yes, I was.     -----Were they happy?    -----No, they weren’t. 【即时演练】 一、用be动词的适当形式填空。  1. I ______ an English teacher now.    2. She ______ happy yesterday.  3. They ______ glad to see each other last month.    4. Helen and Nancy ______ good friends.  5. The little dog _____ two years old this year.    6. Look, there _______ lots of grapes here.    7. There _______ a sign on the chair on Monday.  8. Today _____ the second of June. Yesterday_______ the first of June. It _____ Children’s Day. All the students ______ very excited 二、选择题。 (  ) 1. Pat and I should both go ____ a diet.      A. to           B. on      C. in     D. for (    ) 2. Your bed is prettier, _____it ?         A. is             B. isn’t      C. aren’t     D. wasn’t (  ) 3.These old people prefer to live close _____the hospital.       A. from        B. to         C. with     D. away  (    ) 4. He _____look happy when we were there.       A. doesn’t       B. wasn’t         C. didn’t    D. weren’t (  ) 5. They went to school ______foot before and now they go to school _______bike.       A. on; by    B. by; by        C. by; on      D. on; on (  ) 6. This city is famous _______its springs.       A. at      B. for      C. as      D. of (  ) 7. He doesn’t eat candies ____________.       A. more than    B. any more    C. much more    D. more (  ) 8. This dress is ______long ________me.       A. to; for      B. too; for          C. to; to      D. too; to (  ) 9. His home was _______so he walked to school every day.       A. far      B. nearby          C. away      D. far away from (  ) 10. They won’t buy this machine, _________?       A. will you      B. won’t you      C. won’t they      D. will they 二、根据你的真实情况完成句子。  1) One hour ago, I was __________________________________.   Now I am __________________________________________.  2) Yesterday, I did not ___________________________________.    Today, I am going to __________________________________.  3) Last term, I sat with ______ in class.  This term I sit with ___________.  4) Two years ago, I was ________ metres tall.  Now I am ________ metres.  5) Three years ago, I couldn’t ______________________________.  Now I can ___________________________________________. 三、用动词的正确形式填空。  1. My mother ________（is）born in 1960.   2. He _______( make ) a big hole last week.   3. The cat ________( catch) a mouse yesterday.   4. What did he do? He _______( try ) to change China.   5. She ____( sit ) under a big tree and ____( read ) books yesterday morning.  6. They didn’t ______( go ) to the zoo an hour ago. They ______( go ) to the park.  7.  _______you _______( drive ) a car to get there yesterday morning?      No. I ______( drive ) a bus.  8. I _______________( not feel) well this morning.  1 9. Yesterday _____(is) my birthday ,my parents ______(give) me a doll.  10. When I ______( is ) a baby ,I _____(have) no hair. But now I ____(have) long hair.  四、根据时间改写句子。  1. Today is Monday. (the day before yesterday)  ______________________________________________________________________ 2. There are 23 students in our class. (22, yesterday)    _____________________________________________________________________ 3. I am in Grade Two this year. (last year)       ____________________________________________________________________ 4. My father is 44. (ten years ago)      _____________________________________________________________________ 5. My parents are at home today. (yesterday, at work)  _______________________________________________________________________ 四、 改写句子。  1. Joy was in Grade One last year.  否定句：______________________________________________________________ 一般疑问句：__________________________________________________________ 肯定回答：____________________________________________________________ 否定回答：____________________________________________________________ 特殊疑问句：___________________________________________________________ 2. Lily was in Qingdao yesterday.  否定句：_____________________________________________________________  一般疑问句：_________________________________________________________ 肯定回答：__________________________________________________________ 否定回答：__________________________________________________________ 特殊疑问句：_________________________________________________________  3. I was at home the day before yesterday.  否定句：____________________________________________________________ 一般疑问句：_______________________________________________________ 肯定回答：___________________________________________________________ 否定回答：___________________________________________________________ 特殊疑问句：_________________________________________________________   4. The twins were in a primary school last term.  否定句：___________________________________________________________ 一般疑问句：_________________________________________________________ 肯定回答：______________________________________________________________ 否定回答：_______________________________________________________________ 特殊疑问句： ____________________________________________________________ 五、阅读短文，回答问题。 Yao Ming was born in 1980. Both his parents were basketball players. Yao Ming was not much taller than the other boys in his class before grade 4. But later, he was much taller, taller than any other boys in his school. At the age of 10, he started to play basketball. He loves this game and became very good at it.  But he had other hobbies. He liked swimming too, but not very good at it. He once played table tennis.  He liked making model planes too. He was not the best student in school. He liked some subjects but disliked others. For example, he liked science and history, but not maths. When he was young, he wanted to become an archaeologist. Did he learn English in primary school? Well, yes, he did. He started learning English at grade five. We all know that Yao Ming is very tall. But when people asked him “Do you prefer to be clever or to be tall?”, guess what he said? “Clever,” he said.  1) What did Yao Ming’s parents do?    ______________________________________________________________  2) Was Yao Ming much taller than the other boys when he was in grade 1?    ______________________________________________________________  3) At what age did Yao Ming begin to play basketball?    ______________________________________________________________  4) What other hobbies did Yao Ming have?     ______________________________________________________________  5) Was Yao Ming the best student in his school?    ______________________________________________________________  6) What subjects did Yao Ming like in school?    ______________________________________________________________  7) Did Yao Ming learn English in primary school?    ______________________________________________________________  8) Does Yao Ming prefer to be tall or clever?    ______________________________________________________________  六、写作：写一篇小作文，描述一下你以前和现在的变化。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Module 6 Festival Unit 11 I like the Spring Festival best 【单词回顾】他们的__________    礼物_________    幸运的__________ 希望_________    月饼_________    月亮___________    龙__________ 粽子__________    比赛_________    互相___________    压岁钱___________ 中秋节___________    端午节____________    重阳节____________ 一、短语：the Spring Festival, lucky money, each other, Mid-autumn Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, Chongyang Fesvital… 二、句子： 1. What’s your favorite festival? 2. I like the Spring Festival best. 3. What do people do during the Spring Festival? 4. When is the Spring Festival? 5. It sounds great. 三、重点精析： 1. We wish them a happy Spring Festival.    我们祝愿他们春节愉快。 辨析：wish和hope的区别：   wish表示“希望”（大多难以实现或与事实相反），往往带有“祝愿”意味。而hope表示的“想”和“希望”是可以实现的。hope后不能接动名词作宾语，也不能用hope sb. to do sth.结构。它们后面可以接从句。 如：I wish to see your manager, please.    我想见见你们的经理。 I wish him to make progress.       I wish I could fly like a bird．  但愿我能象鸟一样飞。（从句中的could表示其动作不可能实现，不能用can。） I hope he can do that．  我希望他能干那件事。（本句表示有可能实现的一种希望，can不能用could代替。） 2. It sounds great.      那听起来很棒。 Sound在这里作感官系动词，意思是“听起来”，后面常接形容词。但它还可以作名词，表示“声音”，“响声”，还作形容词，表示“（睡眠）香甜的”。 如：She heard the sound of footsteps outside.  她听见外面有脚步声。 She has a sound night’s sleep.  她一夜好眠。 3. wait for  等待 如：They are waiting for you. 4. What’s your favorite festival? 这句话是用来询问对方爱好的。Festival的意思是“最爱的；最喜欢的”，如果询问其他事物可以用“What is sb.’s favourite…?”回答时要用“…like(s) … best.”或者“Sb.’s favourite… is / are…” 如：----What’s your favorite animal?    ----I like cat best. 【即时演练】 一、单项选择。 （  ）1. Mid-autumn Festival ________coming.         A. will          B. will be        C. is （  ） 2. People eat________ at Mid-autumn Festival.         A. mooncakes  B. zongzi          C. eggs （  ） 3. What’s your _______ food?         A. like    B. favourite        C. love （  ） 4. I like apple _______.         A. best      B. much      C. very （  ）5. The Spring Festival is _______January or February.         A. on          B. in      C. at （  ）6. Tomoto Day is the________popular in Italy.           A. very          B. most          C. much （  ）7. Christmas _______ like our New Year’s Day.         A. sounds      B. sounding        C. is sounding （  ） 8. Someone is waiting ______you at the gate.         A. for        B. with        C. to （  ）9. "Happy new year to you. "  "________. "  A. The same to you      B. Don't say to     C. Thank you （  ）10. I'm hungry. Get me something __________.  A. eat      B. to eat      C. eating  二、连词成句。 1. is, most, Christmas, Festival, important, the, (.) ____________________________________________________________________ 2. do, you, what, do, the, Spring, Festival, during, (?) _____________________________________________________________________ 3. parents, lucky, will, some, money, give, (.) _____________________________________________________________________ 4. best, I, Children’s Day, the, best,(.) _____________________________________________________________________ 三、在B栏里找出A栏相应的答句。                   A                                      B (  )1. What’s your favourite holiday?                    A. It’s near my house. (  )2. When’s Halloween?                            B. Only three. (  )3. What do people do at Dragon Boat Festival?      C. They usually watch dragon boat races. (  )4. Did you watch the moon last Saturday?          D. Spring Festival. (  )5. What did you do last week?                    E. It’s in October. (  )6. What date is it today?                          F. Children’s Day. (  )7. Do you like footballs?                          G. Yes, we did. (  )8. What holiday comes after Christmas?            H. I visited a farm. (  )9. How many students are there?                  I. It’s the first of March. (  )10.Where’s the park?                            J. No, I don’t.    四、完形填空。 The Spring Festival is the Chinese New Year's Day.  It usually __1__ in February.  Everyone in   2  likes the Spring Festival very much.  When Spring Festival comes, Li Lei usually__3__ his parents clean  their house and do some __4__ and other housework .__5__ that day__6__ in China eats __7__ , New Year's cake and some other __8__ food .  Li Lei like New Year's cake , but Wang Lin says jiaozi is better than New Year's cake.  The Chinese people__9__ the New Year's cake and jiaozi in their  houses. __10__ happy they are! (     ) 1. A. after    (     ) 2. A. has     (     ) 3. A. goes      (     ) 4. A. helps   (     ) 5. A. buys      (     ) 6. A. morning   (     ) 7. A. food     (     ) 8. A. smaller (     ) 9. A. find out (     ) 10. A. happy   B. on        B. like       B. comes      B. makes     B. does     B. evening    B. drinks     B. better     B. buy       B. delicious            C. in      C. remember   C. reaches  C. gets      C. goes       C. day        C. Vegetable  C.bigger      C. eat      C.lovely              D. by            D. likes         D. hears         D. takes         D. carries       D. afternoon     D. fruit         D. sweeter       D. sell          D. great        五、阅读短文，回答问题。 The Spring Festival      The Spring Festival is the most important festival for the Chinese people. It’s a traditional(传统的) festival in China. It’s on January or February.　Before the Spring Festival comes, the people often clean their homes, wash their clothes ,paste the antithetical couplets(贴对联) and put on the lanterns(挂灯笼). On the Spring Festival, the people get together and have a big meal. We eat dumplings for the meal. The children are happy. They can play the fireworks(放烟花) and get the lucky money. 1. What is the Spring Festival? _________________________________________________________________ 2. When is the Spring Festival? _________________________________________________________________ 3. What do we eat on Spring Festival? _________________________________________________________________ 4. What can children do on Spring Festival? ________________________________________________________________ 5. Are children happy?  _______________________________________________________________ Unit 12 Christmas 【单词回顾】分享__________      奇妙的___________    匆忙__________ 带来__________    火腿__________    火鸡__________    竖起_____________ 一、短语：put up, tell the truth, all over the world… 二、句子： 1. Christmas is the most important festival of the year. 2. When is Christmas Day? 三、重点精析： 1. everyone =  everybody    每人，不指具体哪个人，而是强调整体。作主语时，一般与单数谓语动词连用。 如：Is everyone here? 2. share …with…  和……分享…… 如：She shares the cake with other children. 3. 辨析：bring与take的区别： 1）bring 意思是“带来”‘是把东西带到说话人的方向或所在地。 bring sb. sth. bring sth. to sb. 如：bring your book here  把书带到这来 2）take 意思是“带走”， 是把东西从说话人的所在地或者方向带到其它的地方。 take sb. sth. =  take sth. to sb. 如：take the book to hiim 把书带去给他 4. tell常见短语：tell the future  预测未来      tell a story  讲故事    tell a joke  讲笑话      tell the truth  说实话      tell a lie  说谎 5. Christmas is the most important festival of the year.  圣诞节是一年中最重要的节日。 The most important是形容词的最高级，最高级通常用于三个或者是三个以上人或事物间的比较，表示“三者或者三者以上最……的”。当形容词有两个以上音节时，前面加most变为最高级。 如：She is the most beautiful girl in the class. 6. 语法：一般现在时 1）、当句子表状态说明主语是什么或怎么样时，其句型：主+ be动词（am, is, are）+表语，否定式是在be动词后加not，疑问句是将be动词提前到句首（即在主语之前） 。如：The twin sisters are from America.  这对孪生姐妹是美国人。 The twin sisters are not from America. Are the twins from America? 2）、当谓语由实义动词充当，主语不是第三人称单数时，句子结构为：主语+动词原形+其它；否定式为：主语+don't+动词原形+其它；疑问句为：Do+主语+动词原形+其它？ 如：We speak Chinese. Do you speak Chinese? They don't speak Chinese. 3）、当主语是第三人称单数时：句子结构为主语+动词（词尾加s或es）+其它。 否定式为：主语+doesn't+动词原形+其它。 疑问句式：Does+主语+动词原形+其它？ 如：He likes playing football. He doesn’t like playing football. Does he like playing football? 【即时演练】 一、单项选择题。 (   ) 1.----Children’s Dau is ________? A. comes B. comming C. coming D. came (  ) 2. ________ brings presents to all good children at Christmas.         A. Christmas Father        B. Christmas’ Father    C. Father Christmas        D. Father’s Christmas (    ) 3. Danny goes to school ______ a T—shirt. A. on    B. in      C. with      D. of (    ) 4. Santa brings gifs ________Christmas. A.at    B.in    C.on    D.with (     ) 5. My father＿＿＿＿＿＿ill yesterday．             A． isn't   B． aren't      C． wasn't  D． weren't  (   ) 6. _____ she _____ home at six every day?    A. Is, leave   B. Does, leave   C. Is, leaves   D. Does, left  (   )7. Mr. Yang ____________ English this term.    A. teaches our   B. teaches us   C. teachs us   D. teach our  (   ) 8. He can ______ Chinese and English.               A. speak.     B. speaks .     C. tell.     D. say  (   ) 9. Do you want _______with actors?            A. work      B. works .    C. to work      D. working  (   ) 10. A nurse usually _______a white uniform.     A. wear        B. wearing      C. wears    D. to wear 二、用括号里的词的正确形式填空。 1. I can take Li Ming there when he _____  ( come) to visit. 2. I usually __________(send) gifts to ___________( I ) friends at Christmas. 3. Santa often __________(bring) toys on Christmas. 4.There __________(be) Christmas lights in our living room. 5. We __________ (not watch) TV on weekdays.  6. Nick ______________not do) his homework on Sundays.  7. ______they ________(like) the World Cup?  8. What _________  they usually ________(do) on holidays?  9.  ________your parents _______(read) newspapers every day?  10. The girl ________(teach) us English on Sundays. 三.选词填空。 Mid-Autumn Festival  Spring Festival  Christmas    May Day New Year’s Day      Easter            Children’s Day Halloween            National Day      Dragon Boat Festival    1. _____________is in December. People have beautiful Christmas trees in their homes and give presents to each other. 2. _______________is the first day of a year. People usually go to parties. 3. There are dragon boat races at                . 4. __________________is in January or February. People visit their relatives and friends and eat a lot of delicious food. 5. People usually make colourful eggs at ____________________. 6. People eat moon cakes at _________________. It’s usually in September or October. 7. At ________________, people usually dress up in costumes and go to parties. 四、改写句子。 1. Do you often play football after school? (肯定回答)   ________________________________________________________________ 2. I have many books. （改为否定句）  ________________________________________________________________ 3. Gao Shan’s sister likes playing table tennis （改为否定句） ___________________________________________________________________   4. She lives in a small town near New York. （改为一般疑问句）   _____________________________________________________________________ 5. I watch TV every day. （改为一般疑问句） ___________________________________________________________________   6. David has got a goal. （改为一般疑问句） _______________________________________________________________________ 7. I usually play football on Friday afternoon.  否定句: ________________________________________________________________  一般疑问句:____________________________________________________________   划线提问：______________________________________________________________  8. Su Yang usually washes some clothes on Saturday.  否定句: ________________________________________________________________  一般疑问句:____________________________________________________________   划线提问: __________________________________________________________ 五、选择正确的节日写到对应的空格里。 Easter, Spring Festival, Christmas, Halloween, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid Autumn Festival 1. People in Guangzhou often go to the Flower Fair to buy flowers before_______. 2. At______________________,people eat zongzi and row dragon boat. 3. __________________is the most important festival in western countries. 4. People give each other Easter eggs at __________. 5. We can see the big ,round and bright moon at__________________________. 6. Children often go from door to door to ask for sweets at____________. 六、请安实际情况回答问题。 1. When is Christmas? ___________________________________________ 2. What is the most popular festival in western countries? ___________________________________________ 3. What is the most important festival in China? ___________________________________________ 4. What will Father Christmas give the children at Christmas? ___________________________________________ 5. What’s your favourite festival? 　___________________________________________ 七、选择正确的答案. December 25th is Christmas day. In most countries it is the most important day in the year. All the people come back to their homes. On Christmas day, bells ring everywhere. The ringing bell tell people Christmas is coming. People sing and dance day and night. They have a good time.   Most family buy a Christmas  tree for their children. And there are some presents in the tree  here and there. People also put presents in children's stockings. In many places, Father Christmas himself brings presents to them. He is a kind man and in red clothes. There is a big bag on his back. In it there are a lot of presents. On Christmas Day, people enjoy all kinds of food. But some poor people have no food. But some poor people have no houses to live, and have no food to eat. They die of cold and hunger on Christmas Day. (    )1. In most countries, -------------is the most important day in the year.       A. Christmas Day   B.New  Year  C.Children's Day  D.Teacher's Day (    )2.which sentence is not  true?----------------         A. On Christmas Day all the people come back  to their homes.       B. On Christmas Day bells ring everywhere.       C. People sing and dance day and night.       D.  Only children have a good time. (   )3. What do most family buy for their children?--------------------     A. a Christmas tree     B. some presents   C. new clothes    D. both Aand B (   )4. In Father Christmas's  bag there are a lot of -----------.            A.food     B.books         C.presents      D. bells 八、写作。选择一个你喜欢的节日，说说你为什么喜欢它。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________