高一英语Book 3 Unit 1冀教版

高一英语Book 3 Unit 1冀教版 【本讲教育信息】 一. 教学内容: Book 3 Unit 1 二、教学重点: 1. 重点单词: rainbow, reading, style, despise, ignorance, parcel, thrill, curious, split, base, multiple, type, puzzle, musical, artist, visual, bonus, phrase, accept, wire, motor, belief, function, length, exist, struggle, wild, gentle, patience, tap, graduate 2. 重点短语: peer at, come up with, vice versa, deal with 3. 重点句型: 1. The idea/fact/news that. . . 2. That’s what/why. . . 4. 语法: 名词性从句(III)--同位语从句和表语从句 动词时态(V)---现在完成时 三、重难点解释: 1. style n.风格, 时尚, 文体, 风度, 类型, 字体vt.称呼, 设计, 使合潮流 a hair style发式 a building in European style 欧洲式的建筑 That dress is in the latest style. 那套衣服是最新式样的。 a democratic style民主作风 the epic style史诗体 in the style of仿...式 out of style不时髦的, 不时新的 The style is the man.[谚]文如其人。 2. despise v.轻视(看不起) She despises cheap clothes and will only wear the best. 她看不上便宜的衣服,只穿最好的衣服。 No one will despise you.没有人鄙视你。 Don’t cheat at examination, or your classmates will despise you. 考试不要作弊, 否则同班同学会轻视你的。 3. ignorance n.无知(不内行) His ignorance is surprising. 他的无知令人吃惊。 Ignorance of the law is no excuse.不懂法律不能成为借口。 We are in complete ignorance of his plans.我们完全不知道他的计划。 from ignorance出于无知 out of ignorance出于无知 through ignorance出于无知 keep in ignorance使无知; 使不明真相 ignore vt.不理睬, 忽视, [律](因证据不足而)驳回诉讼 用心爱心专心 I tried to tell her but she ignored me. 我打算告诉她,可是她不理睬我。 He completely ignored all these facts as though they never existed. 他完全无视这一切, 好象它们根本不存在似的。 4. parcel n.包裹(部分) vt.分配(打包) She sent a parcel of books to her brother. 她寄给她兄弟一包书。 shipping parcels 小件货物 make a parcel of it打包裹 a parcel of land一块土地 parcel a thing up 将东西包起来 parcel a thing into two parts将东西分成两部分 parcel out 分给, 分配 parcel up包起来 5. thrill v.使...激动;发抖n.使...毛骨悚然 thrill with joy为喜悦所激动 We thrilled at the good news.听到那好消息我们感到很兴奋。 Stories of adventure thrilled him.冒险小说使他激动。 The traveller thrilled us with his stories. 这位旅行者的经历使我们惊骇不已。It gave me a thrill to know I had passed the examination. 我得知考试及格后很兴奋。 6. curious adj.好奇的, 求知的, 古怪的, 爱挑剔的 It is good to be curious about the world around you. 对你周围的世界感到新奇是件好事。 a jewel of curious workmanship精工细琢的珠宝 a curious phenomenon奇怪的现象 I’m curious to know what he said.我很想知道他说了些什么。 What a curious mistake!多奇怪的错误! There was a curious silence.有一种不寻常的沉寂。 be curious about 对(某事物)感到好奇 be curious to (do) 很想(做); 渴望(做) 7. split v.劈开, (使)裂开, 分裂, 分离 n.裂开, 裂口, 裂痕 We split the wood into long thin pieces.我们把木头劈成长长的薄片。 My trousers split when I sat down. 当我坐下时,裤子被撕开了。 split up a hill to let the water through劈山引水 split (up) a compound into its elements把化合物分解成元素 split a job among four persons把一件事分给四个人做 8. base n.底部, 基础, 根据地, 基地, 本部, 基数, (运动)出发点 vt.以...作基础, 基于... A bottle has a flat base. 瓶子有一个平的底。 Ordinary numbers use base 10, but many computers work to base 2. 普通数字用10为基数,但许多计算机用2作基数。 a base camp for the mountain climbers.给登山者用的扎营基地 9. multiple adj.多样的, 多重的 n.倍数, 若干 v.成倍增加 multiple personality 多重人格 a man of multiple interests兴趣广泛的人 lowest [least] common multiple最小公倍数(略L, C, M.) 14 multiple-choice 多项选择的 10. type n.类型, 典型, 模范, [印刷]活字, 铅字 v.打字, 测定(血等)类型 Cotton is a type of material. 棉花是一种材料。 to type a letter 用打字机打一封信 She types well.她打字打得很好。 11. puzzle n.难题, 谜 v.(使)迷惑, (使)为难, 迷惑不解 It’s a puzzle where all my money goes each week. 我每星期的钱都到哪儿去了是一个难解的问题。 a crossword puzzle 纵横填字游戏 This letter puzzles me. 这封信使我迷惑不解。 I’m puzzled about what to do next.下一步该怎么办,我心里还没数哩。 The old general was puzzling over the old map.老将军对着那张旧地图苦苦思索着。puzzle out the meaning of a sentence推敲出句中的意思 I was puzzled how to do it.我不知如何做此事。 This letter puzzles me.这个字母使我迷惑不解。 be in a puzzle不知如何是好 12. bonus n.奖金, 红利;额外津贴 The workers got a Christmas bonus. 工人得到圣诞节奖金。 The win on the pools was a real bonus. 赌博赢钱真是意外收获。 We like our new house and it’s a real bonus that there is a swimming pool nearby.我们很喜欢自己的新房子,加上附近有座游泳池,真是好上加好。 13. accept vt.接受, 认可, 承担, 承兑 vi.同意, 承认 to accept a present from his friend 接受朋友的礼物 I’ve received a gift from him, but I’m not going to accept it. 我收到了他送的礼物,但是我不准备接受。 Please accept my apologies.请接受我的歉意。 accept...as [to be] ... 把...当作...; 认为...是... 14. belief n.相信(信念,看法) have belief in the masses 相信群众 a person worthy of belief可以信得过的人 There is nothing more natural than a child’s belief in his parents. 没有任何事情比孩子对他父母的信赖更为自然。 beyond belief难以置信的; 令人吃惊的难以想象地; have belief in相信, 信任 belief faith trust confidence 都含有“相信”的意思。 belief 指“承认某事是真的, 尽管有或没有确凿的证据”, 如: belief in ghosts.相信有鬼。 faith 指“认为有确凿证据或道理而完全相信”, 如: I have faith in his ability to succeed.我相信他有成功的能力。 trust 指“信赖”、“信任”, 含有“坚定的信念”的意思, 如: enjoy the trust of the people得到人民的信任。 confidence 指“在有证据的基础上相信”, 也常指“自信”、“有把握”, 如: She has great confidence in her success.她对自己的成功充满信心。 15. function n.官能, 功能, 作用, 职责, 典礼, 仪式, [数]函数 vi.(器官等)活动, 运行, 行使职责 the function of the heart心脏的功能 perform an important function起重大作用 the functions and power of National Congress全国人民代表大会的职权 the function of education教育的功能 function of supply and demand供求关系 16. exist vi.存在, 生存, 生活, 继续存在 The Roman Empire existed for several centuries. 罗马帝国存在了好几个世纪。Contradictions exist everywhere.到处存在着矛盾。;矛盾无所不在。 Salt exists mostly in sea water.海水中存在的盐分最多。 So poor they can hardly exist. 他们穷得几乎无法过活。 One cannot exist without air.人没有空气就不能生存。 exist as作为...而存在, 以...形态存在 exist in存在于...中 exist on靠...生活[生存] 17. struggle n.竞争, 努力, 奋斗vi.努力, 奋斗, 挣扎vt.尽力使得, 使劲移动struggle against [with] difficulties与困难作斗争 struggle for power争夺权力 struggle for a living为生活而挣扎 struggle to one’s feet挣扎着站起来 struggle through the snowstorm冒着暴风雪前进 The struggle for independence was long and hard.为独立而斗争是长期而艰苦的。It was a struggle for her to make him understand.对她来说, 要他明白是一件费劲的事。 struggle for为...而斗争 18. gentle adj.文雅的(平缓的,温和的) gentle breeze和风 gentle heart仁慈的心肠 gentle nature温和的性情 gentle slope不太陡的斜坡 gentle wind [rain]和风[细雨] 19. patience n.容忍(忍耐力,耐心) Have patience; the bus will come soon. 耐心点,公共汽车快来了。 Patience is a plaster for all sores.(谚)忍耐可减轻一切痛苦。 We shall all remember Mr Page for his patience and understanding. 我们大家都会记得,佩奇先生既耐心又体谅人。 be out of patience with对...忍无可忍 have no patience with对...不能容忍; 对...没有耐性 20. graduate v.毕业 n.毕业生 a graduate of a college 大学毕业生 a graduate student 研究生 She graduated from an American college. 她从一所美国的学院毕业。 He graduated in history. 他毕业于历史专业。 The university must graduate more science students.该大学要有更多的理科学生毕业。 He was [has been] graduated from Oxford in the class of 1978. 他是牛津大学1978届毕业生。 同位语从句 1. 定义:用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。 2. 用法:同位语从句的先行词多为fact, news, idea, thought, question, reply, report, remark等,关联词多用从属连词that。如: They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick. 对你生病这件事,他们都很焦虑。 Where did you get the idea that I could not come? 你在哪儿听说我不能来? Early in the day came the news that Germany had declared war on Russia. 德国已对俄国宣战的消息一大早就传来了。 注:同位语从句偶尔由从属连词whether引导。如: I have no idea whether he’ll come or not. 我不知道他是否来。 连接代词who, which, what和连接副词where, when, why, how亦可引导同位语从句。 The question who should do the work requires consideration. 谁该干这项工作,这个问题需要考虑。 We haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation. 到哪儿去度暑假,这个问题我们还没有决定。 It is a question how he did it.那是一个他如何做了此事的问题。 解释: 1. that引导的同位语从句与定语从句之区别 that引导的同位语从句 that引导的定语从句 句法功能上:that只起连接从句的作用,无意义。在从句中不充当句子成分。不可省。that替代先行词在从句中不仅起连接作用,还充当一个句子成分。如在从句中作动词的宾语时可省略。 意义上:从句是被修饰名词的内容。从句起限定作用,是定语。 如:The news that Mr. Li will be our new English teacher is true. (同位语从句,that不可省。) 李先生将是我们的新英语老师这个消息是真的。 The news(that)he told me yesterday is true. (定语从句,that在从句中作told 的宾语,可省。) 他昨天告诉我的消息是真的。 2. 一些表示“建议、命令、要求”的名词后所跟的同位语从句中,谓语动词用虚拟语气should+动词原形表示。should可省。如: This is our only request that this(should)be settled as soon as possible. 这就是我们唯一的请求:尽快解决这个问题。 3. 同位语从句属于名词性从句,同位语从句一般用来解释或说明这些名词的具体含义或内容,在逻辑上表现为同位关系。 要突破同位语从句,需要注意以下几点: (1)正确使用同位语从句的引导词。引导同位语从句的主要有连接词that(不用which),whether(不用if)。 <1>如果同位语从句意义完整,不缺少句子成分,常用that引导同位语从句。例如: I heard the news that our team had won. 我听到了我们队获胜的消息。 <2>如果同位语从句表示“是否”含义时,常用whether引导同位语从句。例如: He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not. 他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。 [原题再现] Along with the letter was his promise __________________he would visit me this coming Christmas. A. which B. that C. what D. whether 答案 八年级地理上册填图题岩土工程勘察试题省略号的作用及举例应急救援安全知识车间5s试题及答案 :B (2)同位语从句与其中心词可被谓语动词等其他成分分隔,此时要能分清句子结构。例如: The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city. 他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了。 [原题再现] ①A story goes ____________________ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court. A. when B. where C. what D. that ② There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars ____________ road conditions need __________. A. that; to be improved B. which; to be improved C. where; improving D. when; improving 答案:① D ② A (3)表示建议、命令、要求等的名词(如suggestion, proposal, advice, order, request等)后接同位语从句时,从句通常使用虚拟语气,谓语动词用“(should)+动词原形”。例如: The teacher gave orders that the work(should)be finished before 4 o’clock. The suggestion that the students(should)have plenty of exercise is very good. 测试: A. 用适当的连接词填空: 1. It worried her a bit ___________her hair was turning gray. 2. I have no idea __________we can do with these waste materials. 3. the doctor really doubts is my mother will recover from the serious disease soon. 4. It is hoped __________________nature will never be destroyed. 5. do you guess will give a talk on English tomorrow? 6. ---- I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. --- Is that __________you had a few days off? 7. Word came __________ I was wanted at the office. 8. Do you know __________of them will be our new headmaster? 9. The teacher didn’t tell me ___________we were wrong. 10. It’s generally considered unwise to give a child ___________ he or she wants. B. 单项选择: 1. It was true__________ Alice did___________ surprised her mother. A. that, / B. what, / C. that, what D. what, that 2. Does __________matter much ___________ he can’t come to the meeting. A. it, if B. that, if C. it, whether D. this, whether 3. ---What are you anxious about? ----.___________. A. How can we succeed B. Whether we can succeed C. When can we succeed D. That we can succeed 4. The reason ___________ the little actress has been such a success is she is both clever and hard-working. A. why, why B. why, that C. that, because D. for, because 5. ___________leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. A. Who B. Whoever C. Anyone D. The person 6. I really don’t know ___________________ I had this photo taken. A. where it was that B. it was that C. where it was D. it was why 7. Dr. Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge. I can’t remember ___________. A. where B. there C. which D. that 8. ----What do you think of China? --- different life is today from _________it used to be. A. How, what B. What, what C. How, that D. What, that 9. Give this to __________________you think can do the work well. A. who B. whom C. whoever D. whomever 10. troubles me is __________________ I can’t learn all these English idioms by heart. A. That, that B. What, what C. That, what D. What, that 答案: A. 1. that 2. what 3. What, whether 4. that 5. Who 6. why 7. that 8. which 9. where 10. whatever B. 1—5 CCBBB 6—10 ACACD 现在完成时: 现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态,其结果的确和现在有联系。动作 或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在;也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。其构成: have(has)+过去分词 比较过去时与现在完成时 1)过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响。 2)过去时常与具体的时间状语连用,而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用,或无时间状语。 一般过去时的时间状语: yesterday, last week,…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语共同的时间状语: this morning, tonight, this April, now, once,before, already, recently,lately 现在完成时的时间状语 for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always 不确定的时间状语 3)现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性的,如live, teach, learn, work, study, know。 过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。 举例: I saw this film yesterday. (强调看的动作发生过了。) I have seen this film. (强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了。) Why did you get up so early? (强调起床的动作已发生过了。) Who hasn’t handed in his paper? (强调有卷子,可能为不公平竞争。) She has returned from Paris. 她已从巴黎回来了。 She returned yesterday. 她是昨天回来了。 He has been in the League for three years. (在团内的状态可延续) He has been a League member for three years. (是团员的状态可持续) He joined the League three years ago. (三年前入团,joined为短暂行为。) I have finished my homework now. --- Will somebody go and get Dr. White? ---He’s already been sent for. 句子中如有过去时的时间副词(如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960)时,不能使用现在完成时,要用过去时。 (错)Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. (对)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 用于现在完成时的句型 1)It is the first / second time…that…结构中的从句部分,用现在完成时。 It is the first time that I have visited the city. It was the third time that the boy had been late. 2)This is the…that…结构,that 从句要用现在完成时. This is the best film that I’ve (ever) seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。 This is the first time (that)I’ve heard him sing.这是我第一次听他唱歌。 [典型例题] (1)---Do you know our town at all? ---No, this is the first time I _________ here. A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming 答案B。this is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时,故选B。 (2) ---Have you __________ been to our town before? ---No, it’s the first time I _________ here. A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come 答案D。ever意为曾经或无论何时,反义词为never,此两词常用于完成时。 This is the largest fish I have ever seen. It is / was the first time +that-clause 的句型中,从句要用完成时。 注意:非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。 (错)I have received his letter for a month. (对)I haven’t received his letter for almost a month. 比较since和for since 用来说明动作起始时间,for用来说明动作延续时间长度。 I have lived here for more than twenty years. I have lived here since I was born. My aunt has worked in a clinic since 1949. Some new oilfields have been opened up since 1976. I have known Xiao Li since she was a little girl. My brother has been in the Youth League for two years. I have not heard from my uncle for a long time. 注意:并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。 I worked here for more than twenty years. (我现在已不在这里工作。) I have worked here for many years. (现在我仍在这里工作。) 小窍门:当现在完成时+一段时间,这一结构中,我们用下面的公式转化,很容易就能排除非延续动词在完成时中的误使。 1)(对) Tom has studied Russian for three years. =Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now. 2)(错) Harry has got married for six years. =Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now. 显然,第二句不对,它应改为 Harry got married six years ago.或 Harry has been married for six years. since的四种用法 1) since +过去一个时间点(如具体的年、月、日期、钟点:1980, last month, half past six)。 I have been here since 1989. 2) since +一段时间+ ago I have been here since five months ago. 3) since +从句 Great changes have taken place since you left. Considerable time has elapsed since we have been here. 4) It is +一段时间+ since从句 It is two years since I became a postgraduate student. 延续动词与瞬间动词 1)用于完成时的区别 延续动词表示经验、经历;瞬间动词表示行为的结果,不能与表示段的时间状语连用。 He has completed the work. 他已完成了那项工作。(表结果) I’ve known him since then. 我从那时起就认识他了。(表经历) 2)用于till / until从句的差异 延续动词用于肯定句,表示“做……直到……”瞬间动词用于否定句,表示“到……才……” He didn’t come back until ten o’clock. 他到10点才回来。 He slept until ten o’clock. 他一直睡到10点。 [典型例题] 1. You don’t need to describe her. I _________ her several times. A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet 答案B。首先本题后句强调对现在的影响,我知道她的模样,你不用描述。再次,several times告知为反复发生的动作,因此用现在完成时。 2.---I’m sorry to keep you waiting. ---Oh, not at all. I _________ here only a few minutes. A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be 答案A。等待的动作由过去开始,持续到现在,应用现在完成时。 【模拟 试题 中考模拟试题doc幼小衔接 数学试题 下载云南高中历年会考数学试题下载N4真题下载党史题库下载 】 一. words and expressions 1. ________依次/轮流做 2. come up with_____ 3. to tell you the truth_____________ 4. ________弄清楚 5. depending on___________ 6. account for_________ 7. __________ 不能,不会8. _________根据;依据 9. be divided into___________ 10. _________作为……而著名 11. take on________ 12. go on to do sth___________ 二. 名词性从句 1. _______we will go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where 2. It was a matter of ___________would take the position. A. who B. whoever C. whom D. whomever 3. These wild flowers are so special I would do _______I can to save them. A. whatever B. that C. which D. whichever 4. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see_______. A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. Who it is 5. _____she couldn’t understand was _____fewer and fewer students showed interest in the lessons. A. What; why B. That; what C. What; because D. Why; that 6. ----I think it’s going to be a big problem. ----Yes, it could be. ----- I wonder _____we can do about it . A. if B. how C. what D. that 7. Little Tommy was reluctant to tell the schoolmaster _______he had done the day before . A. that B. how C. where D. what 8. A computer can only do ____you have instructed it to do. A. what B. which C. when D. as 9. I read about it in some book or other .Does it matter_______ it was? A. where B. what C. how D. which 10. ____fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect. A. What B. That C. This D. Which 11. When you answer questions in a job interview, please remember the golden rule: Always give the monkey exactly_______ he wants. A. what B. which C. when D. that 12. Information has been put forward _____more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. A. while B. that C. when D. as 13. The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at___ I thought was a dangerous speed. A. as B. which C. what D. that 14. Perseverance is a kind of quality ––and that’s _____it takes to do anything well. A. why B. which C. of which D. what 15. Along with the letter was his promise ____he would visit me this evening this coming Christmas. A. which B. that C. what D. whether 16. There’s a feeling in me ____we’ll never know what a UFO is not ever. A. that B. which C. of which D. what 17. _______made the school proud was ____more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities. A. What; because B. What; that C. That; what D. That; because 18. There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars ____road conditions need___ A. that; to be improved B. which; to be improved C. where; improving D. when; improving 19. ----Are you still thinking about yeste rday’s game? ----Oh, that’s _________. A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited about C. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited 20. It is pretty well understood ______controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out in the atmosphere today. A. that B. when C. what D. how 三. 单项选择 1. --- What do you think of sending dirty joke text messages to friends? ----It’s no big_______. A. treat B. deal C. matter D. event 2. _____the truth, you have made a serious mistake, which has clouded the fact. A. To tell B. Telling C. Told D. Tell 3. I ____a good idea when I was about to give it up. A. came up B. came up with C. came about D. came out 4. ---Shall we go swimming tomorrow? ---It ________. A. depends B. depends on C. relies on D. relies 5. The report given by Professor Wang _____why the majority of people are right –– handed. A. works for B. takes for C. accounts for D. answers for 6. Heller seemed _____of understanding the code that Anne Sullivan had created. A. mysterious B. incapable C. overjoyed D. sensitive 7. We could do nothing but ____the dice and move to different colored squares. A. take turn to roll B. to roll by turns C. take turns rolling D. to take turns to drive 8. Have you heard those artists _____themselves visual learners. A calling B. called C. are called D. are calling 9. Tom is good at playing football, but when ______basketball, he knows nothing. A. it says B. it speaks C. it comes to D. it refers to 10. When entering the room, I couldn’t imagine _______in such a place, which was full of garbage. A. his living B. he living C. him living D, he will 11. ---Have you finished typing those papers? ---Oh, no! This stupid computer has _____again! A. crashed B. broken down C. had an accident D. failed 12. _____good fortune, her parents met a kind and gentle woman, Anne Sullivan. A. With B. For C. By D. On 13. Her first task ______Helen gain control of her emotions and temper. A. was helping B. was to help C. was help D. was helped 14. At the age of 20 she ____university, graduating with an honors degree in languages and philosophy. A. joined B. attended C. joined in D. took part in 15. A play about her life, “The Miracle Worker” was written in 1959 and ____a movie a few years later. A. turned into B. turned up C. turned to D. turned off 试题答案 一. 1. take turns 2. 想出/提出 3. 说实话 4. figure out 5. 基于/就……而言 6. 解释 7. seem/be incapable of 8. according to 9. 被分为…… 10. be known as 11. 从事/承担/接受12. 接着做另一件事情 二. 1—5 BBADA 6—10 CDADB 11—15ABCDB 16—20ABAAC 三. 1—5 BABAC 6—10 BCACC 11—15 BCBBA