英语语法高考

英语语法高考 第一章 高考英语语法 第一讲 英语语法原来可以这样记——句法结构 第二讲 审时度态——时态语态难点讲解 第三讲 四步搞定定语从句——定语从句解题技巧 第四讲 帮你理清“情与态”——情态动词重点讲解 第五讲 让难点成为你的得分点——非谓语重点讲解 第六讲 从句实战演练 I 第七讲 从句实战演练 II 第八讲 情态动词实战演练 一、英语语法原来可以这样记句法结构 语法表象 语言实质 语言实质 两个问题:高中英语语法体系为什么这样分, 高中英语语法体系怎么记, 语法体系 语言 表达需求 语言 表达需求 先语言 后语法 表达需求 语言 语法体系 表达需求 “我要你手里的桃子” Peach! 词 动词 简单句 语言 词:主谓一致 句:并列句 情态动词 复合句 时态语态 特殊句型 非谓语 词 动词 简单句 语言 一个动词对应一个句号——简单句 I want your peach. 简单句 并列句 词 动词 语言 讨论一个句号对应多个动词的可 能。 并列句 句号的替代品连接词 She took my peach and rushed into the trees. 并列句 句号的替代品连接词 She took my peach and rushed into the trees。 but, or, while„ 真题演练: --English has a large vocabulary, hasn't it? --Yes. ______more words and expressions and you will find it easier to read and communicate.(2004 上海) ,(Know ,(Knowing ,(To know ,(Known --English has a large vocabulary, hasn't it? --Yes. ______more words and expressions and you will find it easier to read and communicate.(2004 上海) ,(Know ,(Knowing ,(To know ,(Known --English has a large vocabulary, hasn't it? --Yes. ______more words and expressions and you will find it easier to read and communicate.(2004 上海) ,(Know ,(Knowing ,(To know ,(Known 从句 简单句 词 动词 从属于主句的句子 从句 并列句 句子 连接词 句子 句子 从句 从句从句从句VVV 引导词 引导词引导词 从句 句从词来 形容词 定语从句 名词 名词从句 副词 状语从句 判断从句的类型 状语从句 时间，地点，原因，条件，让步 目的、结果，比较 状语从句 时间，地点，原因，条件，让步 目的、结果，比较 状语从句 时间，地点，原因，条件，让步 目的、结果，比较 状语从句 时间，地点，原因，条件，让步 目的、结果，比较 状语从句 为什么“because”和“so”不能连用, 从句 从句V 引导词 为什么“because”和“so”不能连用, Since everybody knows about it, so I don't want to talk any more. 为什么“because”和“so”不能连用, Since everybody knows about it, so I don't want to talk any more. 为什么“because”和“so”不能连用, Since everybody knows about it, so I don't want to talk any more. 简单句 并列句 连接词 简单句 从句 引导词 为什么“because”和“so”不能连用, Since everybody knows about it, so I don't want to talk any more. 两个从句，没有主句。 形容词 定语从句 定语从句一般到名词后去找 定语一般可以翻译成“„„的 名词——名词从句 名词从句到动词前后找 名词从句包括:主语、宾语、表语、同位语 词——句 并列句与从句考察的实质 从句的分类、定位与理 真题演练: Wind power is an ancient source of energy________ we may return in the near future. (2010 上海) ,(on which ,(by which ,(to which ,(from which Wind power is an ancient source of energy________ we may return in the near future. (2010 上海) ,(on which ,(by which ,(to which ,(from which In an hour, we can travel to places_____ would have taken our ancestors days to reach.( 2006 上海) ,(where ,(when ,(which ,(what In an hour, we can travel to places_____ would have taken our ancestors days to reach.( 2006 上海) ,(where ,(when ,(which ,(what After Yang Li wei succeeded in circling the earth,_____our astronauts desire to do is walk in space. (2004 上海) ,(where ,(what ,(That ,(how After Yang Li wei succeeded in circling the earth,_____our astronauts desire to do is walk in space. (2004 上海) ,(where ,(what ,(That ,(how After Yang Li wei succeeded in circling the earth,_____our astronauts desire to do is walk in space. (2004 上海) ,(where ,(what ,(That ,(how One reason for her preference for city life is _____ she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants. (2010 上海) ,(That ,(how ,(what ,(why One reason for her preference for city life is _____ she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants. (2010 上海) ,(That ,(how ,(what ,(why 二、审时度态 ——时态语态难点讲解 语态 主被动 时态 动词变化 时态:难点一 过去 一般 现在 进行 未来 完成 一般过去 过去发生 过去进行器 过去正在进行 现在完成了 过去发生，对现在有影响 一般过去 过去发生 过去进行器 过去正在进行 现在完成了 过去发生，对现在有影响 语法的表达要求 1.进行 ing形式一出现，动作变成慢镜头。 时态 过去 一般 现在 进行 未来 完成 2.过去进行时 过去+慢镜头=慢镜头重现 过去进行时 慢镜头重现的表达需求 用于对现在状况的解释说明 真题演练: --Has Sam finished his homework today? --I have no idea. He _____ it this morning.(2010 嘉定区 一模) A(was doing B. has done C. did D. had done --Is there anything wrong, Bob? You look sad. --Oh, nothing much. In fact, I_______ of my friends back home.(2007 全国) A(have just thought B. was just thinking C. would just think D. will just be thinking 3.将来进行 什么事情，还没有发生，你就开始想象 它的全过程,是怎样的表达需求, 将来进行 期待 真题演练: Daniel's family ____ their holiday in Huang shan this time next week.(2009 安徽) A(are enjoying B. are to enjoy C. will enjoy D. will be enjoying 完成 现在完成 持续到现在结束 过去发生，对现在有影响 现在完成 持续到现在结束 过去发生，对现在有影响 现在完成 过去发生，对现在有影响 过去发生，与现在存在因果关系 表达需求: 强调现在的事情是由过去导致的 真题演练: Each means ____ to solve the problem, but none is effective. (2009 卢湾区 一模) A(has been tried out B. have been tried out C. will be tried out D. are tried out 过去完成 过去发生， 与之后发生的一个过去动作存在因果关系 表达需求: 强调后一件事是由前者所导致的 真题演练: John had to have his car repaired in a garage because it______ seriously.(2007 上海春季) ,. damaged B. was being damaged ,. had damaged D. had been damaged 时态:难点一 过去 一般 现在 进行 未来 完成 真题演练: The year 2008 ______ the most splendid Olympic Games in human history in Beijing.(2009 松 江区 二模) has witnessed B. witnessed C. had witnessed D. have witnessed The year 2002_____ remarkable changes in Shanghai's landscape. (2005春 上海) A(sees B. has seen C. saw D. had seen 时态:难点二 过去 一般 现在 进行 未来 完成 现在完成进行时 持续到现在+现在进行=有可能再持续 过去持续到现在，可能会继续。 表达需求: “(最近)一直在做„„” 真题演练: She ought to stop work; she has a headache because she ___________ too long. (2009 普陀区 二模) A. has been reading B. had read C. is reading D. read 时态:难点三 过去 一般 现在 进行 未来 完成 一般现在时 均匀分布于时间轴上的动作 表达需求: 习惯、常态 真题演练: The house belongs to my aunt but she____ here any more. (2006 全国) A(hasn't lived B. didn't live C. hadn't lived D. doesn't live 审时度态 杜绝“语感”干扰 时态语态永远有线索 高考时态语态四大线索:直接给时间 谓语参照 小词暗示 对话形式 线索一:直接给时间 When he turned professional at the age of 11, Mike____ to become a world champion by his coach and parents. (2006 上海) A(expected B. was expecting C. was expected D. would be expected 线索二:谓语参照 Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is not easy task because technology_____so rapidly. (2002 春 上海) A. is changing B. has changed C. will have changed D. will change 线索三:小词暗示 He_____ to the lab than he set out to do the experiment. (2002 上海) A.has no sooner got B. no sooner got C. will no sooner get D. had no sooner got 线索四:对话形式 --Oh, it's you! I_____ you. --I've just had my hair cut, and I'm wearing new glasses.(1996 上海) A. didn't recognize B. hadn't recognized C. haven't recognized D. don't recognize 真题演练: --______ leave at the end of this month. --I don't think you should do that until______ another job. (2006 北京) A. I'm going to; you'd found B. I'm going to; you've found C. I'll; you'll find D. I'll; you'd find --Has your father returned from Africa yet, --Yes, but he______ here for only three days before his company sent him to Australia. (2007 辽 宁) A. was B. has been C. will be D. would be 三、四步搞定定语从句 ——定语从句解题技巧 形容词 定语从句 定语从句的由来 People use mobile phones. People find mobile phones convenient. 定语从句的由来 People use mobile phones. People find mobile phones convenient. 定语从句的由来 use mobile phones People find mobile phones convenient. use mobile phones People find mobile phones convenient. 从句V 从句 引导词 定语从句的由来 who use mobile phones People find mobile phones convenient. 定语从句的由来 代替被修饰名词，在从句中充当成分，使从句完整。 People who use mobile phones find them convenient. 定语从句引导词 在句中充当成分 名词 人、物 关系代词, 、 关系词, 关系副词, 时间 状语:地点 原因 定语从句引导词在从句中充当: who, whom, whose 名词 which, which, whose that 状语 when, where, why 定语从句四步走 从选项判断考察从句 从题干考察定语从句 找到被修饰词，将被修饰词放入从句中，判断在从句中所作成分 根据句意选出答案 真题演练: In an hour, we can travel to places _____ would have taken our ancestors days to reach. (2006上 海) A(where B. when C. which D. what --Is that the small town you often refer to? --Right, just the one _____ , you know, I used to work for years. (2010 卢湾区 一 模) A(that B. which C. where D. what 定语从句难点一:介词+定语从句 真题演练: Wind power is an ancient source of energy _____ we may return in the near future.(2010 上海) A. on which B. by which C. to which D. from which American women usually identify their best friend as someone _____ they can talk frequently. (2004 上海) A(who B. as C. about which D. with whom Alec asked the policeman______ he worked to contact him whenever there was an accident. (2002 上海) A(who B. about C. whom D. with whom 定语从句难点二:非限制性定语从句 定语从句引导词 People who use mobile phones find them convenient. 非限制性定语从句 用逗号隔开的补充类定语从句 表达需求:补充说明 People, who use mobile phones, find them convenient. 非限制性定语从句例外 which代替整句在从句中充当名词成分 I bumped into him yesterday, which was a coincidence. 真题演练: The roots of the tree, ______ water is absorbed, should be well protected. (2010 青浦区 一模) A. of which B. from them B. through which D. from that _____ has been announced, we shall have our final exam next month. (2003 春 上海) A(That B. As C. It D. What 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 一个“逗号” 引发的故事 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 AB A，B 补充说明作用 限定作用 关系不密切，可以删去 关系密切，不能删去 不能用that代替 可以用that代替 可修饰整句 定语从句难点三:特殊情况 限制性定语从句修饰人: 只能用who,不能用that 先行词 “不清不楚” 1.先行词是one, ones, anyone时用who Anyone who passes the exam will be admitted. 2.先行词为those，用who做关系代词 Those who passed the exam will be admitted. 3.当先行词有较长的后置定语时，用who I met a boy around the corner who told me that the old man no longer lived here. 4.在there be开头的句子中用who There is a girl who wants to see you. 其它 一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that,另一个是用who 限制性定语从句:只能用that 句子已有“重心” that“花心” 句子已有重心 先行词是最高级形容词或它的前面有最高级形容词 This is the best suggestion that I can give. 先行词是序数词，或它前面有一个序数词 This is the first suggestion that I can give. that“花心” 先行词既有人又有物，用that Do you know the stars and scandals that they are gossiping? 句子已有重心 that“花心” 先行词是all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one等代词 All that I know is in that folder. 先行词前面only, any, few, little, no, one of, the same, the very等词修饰 I am the only person that knows the secret. 其它 主句已有疑问词who或which 有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用which, 另外一个用that The politician established a rule which advocates equal opportunities that had never been thought of before. 四、帮你理清“情与态” ——情态动词重点讲解 究竟什么是情态动词, 情态动词的实质 情态动词不是动词 情态动词有词意，用于修饰动词 情态动词的表达需求:用于表示说话者的心情态度 情态动词解题要点 把握好句中的情与态 情态动词难点之“七宗最” 1、最易混淆:情态动词表推测 must, may, can, might 语意理解:肯定、也许、可能 must, may, can, might考点: 3M无疑问，must只肯定 真题演练: You might just as well tell the manufacturer that many customers ____ not like the design of the furniture. ( 2004 春 上海) A(must B(shall C(may D(need Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How ____ it be that he was late for the opening ceremony? (2001 春 上海) A(can B(should C(may D(need 补充:can 和 be able to 的区别 与生俱来 VS 后天努力获得 He can speak English and he is able to write in French. 真题演练: Black holes ____ not be seen directly, so determining the number of them is a tough task. (2006 上海) A(can B(should C(must D(need 2、最难把握:情态动词表允许 may, can, might, could 语意理解:可以 真题演练: --Could I call you by your first name? --Yes, you ____ .(1998 上海) A(will B(could C(may D(might 补充:may的三个常用搭配 You may well do that. 你有足够的理由可以那样做。 You may as well do that. 你最好那样做。 You may as well eat it as throw it away. 你与其扔了它不如吃了它。 3、最易出错:need和dare情态VS实义 用法区别 语义区别 用法区别 情态 need/dare + 动词原形 实义 need/dare to do 语义区别 情态 “有必要” need 实义 “需要” 真题演练: The boss has given everyone a special holiday, so we ____ go to work tomorrow.(2007 春 上海) A(can't B(mustn't C(needn't D(shouldn't 语义区别 情态 “竟敢” dare 实义 “不害怕” 真题演练: I wonder how he ____ that to the teacher.(1995 上海) A(dare to say B(dare saying C(not dare say D(dared say 4、最易忽略:虚拟语气 have done ought to/should/might/need+ be doing翻译字面意思，理解背后意思 真题演练: --Sorry, Professor Smith. I didn't finish the assignment yesterday. --Oh, you ____ have done it as yesterday was the deadline. (2010 上海) A(must B(mustn't C(should D(shouldn't 五、最难理解:would VS used to used to 比 would 更规律 would “总是” 语义区别 used to “过去常常” 真题演练: When he was there, he ____ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day.(1996 上 海) A(would B(should C(had better D(might 六、最似是而非:must VS have to must主，have to客 must “有必要” 语义区别 have to “不得不” 真题演练: According to the local regulations, anyone who intends to get a driver's license ____ take an eye test. (2005 春 上海) A(can B(must C(would D(may 七、最出人意料:被遗忘的情态动词 would, should, shall would 表请求 Would you please…? should 表惊讶 真题演练: You can't imagine that a well-behaved gentleman ____ be so rude to a lady. (2001 上海) A(might B(need C(should D(would shall 表命令 真题演练: It has been announced that candidates ____ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected( (2002 上海) A(can B(will C(may D(shall 五、让难点成为你的得分点 ——非谓语重点讲解 何谓“非谓语”, 非谓语的实质 动词不当动词用 涉及动词词义的其它词性 非谓语的实质 动词经常充当的其它词性 (动)名词、形容词 非谓语做形容词用 考察点:表语、定语、宾补、状语 动词词义附加给非谓语的词义: 现在分词ing表主动、进行 过去分词ed表被动、完成 不定式表将来 1、非谓语做表语 实质:是“interesting”还是“interested”, 物 ing 使感兴趣 有趣的 interest 人 ed 被激发兴趣 对„„感兴趣 2、非谓语做宾补 实质:动词用法 真题演练: Lucy has a great sense of humour and always keeps her colleagues_______with her stories. (2010 上海) A. amused B. amusing C. to amuse D. to be amused She wants her paintings____ in the gallery, but we don’t think they would be very popular. (2007 春 上海) A. display B. to display C. displaying D. displayed She can’t help_____ the house because she’s busy making a cake. (1997 上海) A. to clean B. cleaning C. cleaned D. being cleaned 3、非谓语做定语 非谓语做定语四步走 当作定语从句来做 从选项判断考察非谓语 从题干判断考察非谓语做定语 找到被修饰词，判断主被动关系，排除明显错误选项 找到参照动词，判断完成与否，选出正确选项 真题演练: When the first English settlers arrived in the New World, the Indians____ jewelry made of animal bones greeted them warmly.(2005 春 上海) A. wearing B. to wear C. worn D. having worn Besides the Internet, television is another major way of communication ____ us to see the performer as well as to hear the voice. (2009 静安区 二模) A. permitting B. to permit C. being permitted D. permitted To fetch water before breakfast seemed to me a rule_____.(1998 上海) A. to never break B. never to be broken C. never to have broken D. never to be breaking With the government’s aid, those ______ by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements. (2009 上海) A. affect B. affecting C. affected D. were affected I’m going to the supermarket this afternoon, do you have anything_____? (2004 春 上海) A. to be buying B. to buy C. for buying D. bought 4. 非谓语做状语 非谓语做状语四步走 从选项判断考察非谓语 从题干判断考察非谓语做状语 找到被修饰词，判断主被动关系，排除明显错误选项 找到参照动词，判断完成与否，选出正确选项 真题演练: 2010 上海)____the city centre, we saw a stone statue of about 10 metres in height. ( A. Approaching B. Approached C. To approach D. To be approached _____ from lightweight materials, the robots are about the size of a human arm or smaller. (2009 黄浦区 二模) A. To build B. Being built C. Having built D. Built ______ automatically, the e-mail will be received by all the club members.(2006 上海) A. Mailed out B. Mailing out C. To be mailed out D. Have mailed out Unless____ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference. (2003 上海) A. invited B. inviting C. being invited D. having invited Having been attacked by terrorists,_____. (2004 上海) A.doctors came to their rescue B. the tall building collapsed C. an emergency measure was taken D. warning were given to tourists In order to make our city green,_____. (2002 春 上海) A.it is necessary to have planted more trees B. many more trees need to plant C. our city needs more trees D. we must plant more trees 六、从句实战演练(1) 1. One reason for her preference for city life is _____she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants. (2010 上海) A. that B. how C. what D. why 2. _____ our manager objects to Tom‘s joining the club, we shall accept him as a member. (2010 上海) A. Until B. Unless C. If D. After 3. Mozart’s birthplace and the house _____ he composed “The Magic Flute” are both museums now. (2009 上海) A. where B. when C. there D. which 4. It is not immediately clear _____ the financial crisis will soon be over. (2009 上海) A. since B. what C. when D. whether 5. As a new diplomat，he often thinks of _____ he can react more appropriately on such occasions. (2009 上海) A. what B. which C. that D. how 6. As his best friend, I can make accurate guesses about _____ he will do or think. (2008 上海) A. what B. which C. whom D. that 7. -Are you ready for Spain? -Yes. I want the girls to experience that_____ they are young. (2008 上海) A. while B. until C. if D. before 8. It has been proved _____ eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illness in later life. (2008 上海) A. if B. because C. when D. that 9. _____ well prepared you are, you still need a lot of luck in mountain climbing.(2008 上海) A. However B. Whatever C. No matter D. Although 10. His movie won several awards at the film festival， _____ was beyond his wildest dream. (2007 上海) A. which B. that C. where D. it 11. Small sailboats can easily turn over in the water______ they are not managed carefully. (2007 上海) A. though B. before C. until D. if 12. _____ he referred to in his article was unknown to the general reader. (2007 上海) A. That B. What C. Whether D. that 13. The traditional view is _____ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so. (2007 上海) A. when B. why C. whether D. that 14. A dozen ideas were considered ____ the chief architect decided on the design of the building. (2006 上海) A. because B. before C. whether D. unless 15. One advantage of playing the guitar is _____ it can give you a great deal of pleasure. (2006 上海) A. how B. why C. that D. when 16. He spoke proudly of his part in the game, without mentioning _____ his teammates had done. (2006 上海) A. what B. which C. why D. while 17. He transplanted the little tree to the garden _____ it was the best time for it. (2005 上海) A. where B. when C. that D. until 18. If a shop has chairs _____ women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop. (2005 上海) A. that B. which C. when D. where 19. Jasmine was holidaying with her family in a wildlife park _____ she was bitten on the leg by at lion. (2004 上海) A. when B. while C. since D. once 20. A story goes _____ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court. (2004 上海) A. when B. where C. what D. that 21. Why! I have nothing to confess. _____ you want me to say? (2004 上海) A. What is it that B. What it is that C. How is it that D. How it is that 22. A good storyteller must be able to hold his listeners’curiosity _____ he reaches the end of the story. (2003 上海) A. when B. unless C. after D. until 23. It is pretty well understood _____ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere. (2003 上海) A. that B. when C. what D. how 24. -Dad, I’ve finished my assignment. -Good, and _____ you play or watch TV, you mustn’t disturb me. (2003 上海) A. whenever B. whether C. whatever D. no matter 25. There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars _____ road conditions need _____ . (2003 上海) A. that…to be improved B. which…to be improved C. where…improving D. when…improving 七、从句实战演练(2) 1. _____ matters most in learning English is enough practice. (2007 全国) A. What B. Why C. Where D. Which 2. Women _____ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those _____ don’t.(2006 北京) A. who; / B. /;who C. who; who D. /;/ 3. We haven’t settled the question of _____ it is necessary for him to study abroad. (2006 江苏) A. if B. where C. whether D. that 4. Could I speak to _____ is in charge of International Sales, please? (2007 山东) A. anyone B. someone C. whoever D. no matter who 5. -Where did you get to know her? -It was on the farm _____ we worked.(2007 山东) A. that B. there C. which D. where 6. _____ I really don’t like art, I find his work impressive. (2007 山东) A. As B. Since C. If D. While 7. We’re just trying to reach a point _____ both sides will sit down together and talk. (2006 山东) A. where B. that C. when D. which 8. This is a very interesting book. I’ll buy it, _____. (2006 陕西) A. how much may it cost B. no matter how it may cost C. however much it may cost D. how may it cost 9. Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases _____ beginners of English fail to use the language properly. (2007 陕西) A. which B. as C. why D. where 10.We won’t keep wining games _____ we keep playing well. (2006 浙江) A. because B. unless C. when D. while 11. _____ I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the next meeting. (2005 浙 江) A. When B. After C. As D. Since 12. The poor young man is ready to accept _____ help he can get. (2005 全国) A. whichever B. however C. whatever D. whenever 13. You may use the room as you like _____ you clean it afterwards. (2009 北京) A. as far as B. as long as C. in case D. even if 14. -- What do you think of teaching, Bob? -- I find it fun and challenging. It is a job _____ you are doing something serious but interesting. (2009 北京) A(where B(which C(when D(that 15. At first he hated the new job but decided to give himself a few months to see _____ it got any better. (2009 北京) A. when B. how C. why D. if 16. Because of the financial crisis, days are gone _____ local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night. (2009 江苏) A. if B. when C. which D. since 17. _____ unemployment and crime are high, it can be assumed that the latter is due to the former. (2009 江苏) A. Before B. Where C. Unless D. Until 18. Many young people in the West are expected to leave _____ could be life’s most important decision-marriage-almost entirely up to luck. (2009 江苏) A. as B. that C. which D. what 19. It’s none of your business _____ other people think about you. Believe yourself. (2007 福建) A. how B. what C. which D. when 20. The village has developed a lot _____ we learned farming two years ago. (2007 福建) A. when B. which C. that D. where 21. Eric received training in computer for one year, _____ he found a job in a big company. (2007 辽宁) A. after that B. after which C. after it D. after this 22. Those successful dancers think that dancing is an activity _____ sight matters more than hearing. (2007 天津) A. when B. whose C. which D. where 23. A good friend of mine from ____ I was born showed up at my home right before I left for Beijing. (2009 安徽) A. how B. whom C. when D. which 八、情态动词实战演练 1.It ______ have been Tom that parked the car here, as he is the only one with a car. (2009 上海) A(may B(can C(must D(should 2. According to the air traffic rules, you ______ switch off your mobile phone before boarding. (2008 上海) A(may B(can C(would D(should 3. --Guess what! I have got A for my term paper. --Great! You ______ read widely and put a lot of work into it. (2007 上海) A(must B(should C(must have D(should have 4. Black holes ______ not be seen directly, so determining the number of them is a tough task. (2006 上海) A(can B(should C(must D(need 5. There ______ be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school. ( 2005 上海) A(mustn't B(shan't C(shouldn't D(needn't 6. Children under 12 years of age in that country ______ be under adult supervision when in a public library. (2004 上海) A(must B(may C(can D(need 7. How ______ you say that you really understand the whole story if you have covered only part of the article? (2003 上海) A(can B(must C(need D(may 8. My English-Chinese dictionary has disappeared. Who ______ have taken it? (2003 春 上海) A(should B(must C(could D(would 9. My sister met him at the Grand theatre yesterday afternoon, so he ______ your lecture. (2000 上海) A(couldn't have attended B(needn't have attended C(mustn't have attended D(shouldn't have attended 10. There was a lot of fun at yesterday's party. You ______ come, but why didn't you? (1999 上海) A(must have B(should C(need have D(ought to have 11. --I think I'll give Bob a ring. --You ______ . You haven't been in touch with him for years. (2006 江苏) A(will B(may C(have to D(should 12. --What's the name? --Khuaili. ______ I spell that for you? (2006 北京) A(Shall B(Would C(Can D(Might 13. One of the few things you ______ say about English people with certainty is that they talk a lot about the weather. (2009 北京) A(need B(must C(should D(can 14. The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it ______ be very slow. (2005 浙江) A(should B(must C(will D(can 15.Tom, you ______ leave all your clothes on the floor like this! (2005 全国) A(wouldn't B(mustn't C(needn't D(may not 16. -- Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report. --You ______ have my computer if you don't take care of it. (2004 湖南) A(shan't B(might not C(needn't D(shouldn't 17. I ______ have been more than six years old when the accident happened. (2005 天津) A(shouldn't B(couldn't C(mustn't D(needn't 18. John, look at the time. ______ you play the piano at such a late hour?(2005 全国) A(Must B(Can C(May D(Need 19. Some aspects of a pilot's job ______ be boring, and pilots often ______ work at inconvenient hours. (2006 湖南) A(can; have to B(may; can C(have to; may D(ought to; must 20. Some people who don't like to talk much are not necessarily shy; they ______ just be quiet people. (2009 安徽) A(must B(may C(should D(would 21. If it were not for the fact that she ______ sing, I would invite her to the party. (2006 福建) A(couldn't B(shouldn't C(can't D(might not 22. --May I smoke here? --If you ______ , choose a seat in the smoking section. (2006 山东) A(should B(could C(may D(must 23. The traffic is heavy there days. I ______ arrive a bit late, so could you save me a place? (2009 辽宁) A(can B(must C(need D(might 24. --Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you. --Thanks. You ______ it. I could manage it myself. (2005 福建) A(needn't do B(needn't have done