论新时期《大学语文》 教材编写中的开放性与多元化思维（On the open and pluralistic thinking in the compiling of College Chinese textbook in the new era）

论新时期《大学语文》 教材编写中的开放性与多元化思维（On the open and pluralistic thinking in the compiling of College Chinese textbook in the new era） 论新时期《大学语文》 教材编写中的开放性与多元化思维(On the open and pluralistic thinking in the compiling of College Chinese textbook in the new era) On the open and pluralistic thinking in the compiling of College Chinese textbook in the new era Wang Bugao, Department of Chinese language and literature, Southeast University The higher education in our country is changing from the emphasis on Applied Science Education to quality education, and gradually from elite education to mass education. The development of information science is even more impressive, and our country has rapidly entered the society of information and technological innovation. At the turn of the century, how should the "College Chinese", as the main course of cultural quality education, be adapted to the changes and demands of the times? How to compile a teaching material which is useful to students of all levels, greatly improves their interest in learning and improves the quality of Chinese teaching? It involves the change and innovation of the thinking mode of the textbook writers. The implementation of open and pluralistic thinking is the best choice to solve this problem. "Opening" is relative to "enclosure", and it requires that the writing of College Chinese should emancipate the mind, face reality and face the future, so as to meet the needs of the times. "Diversity" is relative to "unification", is not only positive preaching, instill a view, a kind of thought, nor all the other views as to reject and criticize the heretical sect or "two opposites of" good "or" bad "". Academic concepts, academic horizons, knowledge levels and teaching methods adapted to this textbook are not single, unchanged, but pluralistic. The object of the teaching material itself is not single but multifaceted. The open and pluralistic thinking proposed by "College Chinese" teaching materials, is an important concept of the reform of liberal arts teaching changes in new period in University, is the concept of innovation, is trying to break the old pattern, a new set of textbooks for twenty-first Century. The whole process of writing should be regulated by this new thinking mode. At present, China's higher education has emerged in a multi-level and multi form situation. As students, there is entrance examination for undergraduate, full-time undergraduate, specialist general key university and other universities, there are at their own expense, oriented students, and University, University, etc., amateur adult education; its nature, with national and local government run colleges and universities, there are private colleges and community colleges. In recent years, the scale of university running has expanded, and the number of college freshmen has been increasing a lot every year. Nowadays, the number of college students in a province in Jiangsu is close to the number of students in the whole country twenty years ago. The number of admissions surge, diversified school forms and make students the language proficiency of students in different. Some key middle school graduates, the Chinese level of more than twenty years ago from the "Cultural Revolution" from the students is much higher, there are also many in various forms in the entrance examination and enrollment, and the Chinese culture is that college students are much lower. To change the status quo, to a "College Chinese" teaching materials for college students to every kind of learning, which also determines the textbooks must be open and pluralistic thinking. The diversity of teacher level is also quite remarkable compared to twenty years ago. On the academic level, the year as college Chinese teachers to graduates and "worker peasant soldier students". The title is also dominated by a lecturer and assistant, associate professor of individual leadership. Nowadays, in some key universities, the majority of the teachers who take this course have the doctorate and master's degree, and some schools are close to the doctorate. Teachers, professors and associate professors also account for about half. Teachers' educational background and titles have been improved, and their academic status has increased accordingly. Some of them have already taken up academic front. Such teachers' level also puts forward new requirements for the academic level of the teaching materials. Otherwise, the classroom teachers can only supplement and extend them everywhere, and the textbooks will not be able to play the role of "one lesson". The majority of universities, adults and community colleges and universities "College Chinese" teachers still have undergraduate education and lower professional titles. The educational background and knowledge structure of the teaching staff have also decided that the teaching materials of College Chinese should have a wide range of adaptation. Examination oriented education in primary and middle schools for many years, The abstraction of excellent literary works into the theme of "Ba Baba", the care of paragraphs, the features of writing and the interpretation of words have become more and more paradoxical choices in recent years. The Chinese language in primary and middle schools has stimulated many students to be weary of study. The more traditional Chinese textbooks are similar to the content and form of the Chinese language textbooks in the primary and middle schools, the greater the feeling of rejection. This forced the "College Chinese" teaching material must appear in a new face, which may be determined from the open and pluralistic thinking in the way out. The era of information and technology innovation, puts forward the new requirements of knowledge structure and innovation capability of the new four years after twenty-first Century, they will fight in the fierce competition in the talent market, and lower grades in college is not contact the professional in the fields on innovation. In the basic subject of Chinese language that has been studied for more than ten years, it is possible and necessary to cultivate their creative consciousness, improve their thinking character and open and pluralistic thinking in advance. "College Chinese" teaching materials "should have a large amount of information and inspire students as the same thinking, also different thinking problems. Only instill a point of view to the students. It is obviously outdated that the teacher has prepared a lesson and taught for more than ten years. The Chinese language teacher's worst contempt for teaching "College Chinese" should change radically. In recent years, the Ministry of education called for improving the cultural quality of students, improving the cultural quality of teachers, and improving the cultural quality of schools. Each school has a new understanding of the subject status of "College Chinese". The school and Department of this course have increased and the class hours have increased gradually. Some students even want to start college language every semester and mention it as "College English". To adapt to different classes, different objects, doomed the "College Chinese" teaching materials diversified value orientation. It can fly, but also to get, and even become part of literature lovers into ladder literature hall. ...... These are decided by "College Chinese" textbook should be implemented in the open and pluralistic thinking, and how to open and pluralistic thinking, and how to open and pluralistic thinking into the textbooks, I think that reflected from the following four aspects: First, pluralism and opening up of knowledge. "College Chinese" is a basic course, and the teaching of literature history is very important. "College Chinese" should be the end of Chinese students studying in the final more than 10 years of primary and secondary Chinese literature to learn knowledge of a sort, the implementation of "one more class" in the form of the literary history as the outline, in a concise history of literature Chinese requirements (abandon small home and small flow faction), arrangement the style of each period of University, major schools of thought to constitute the literary history of "Gang" (main), and these people, school itself became the "point", and then "to" (such as Lu You covers the Southern Song Dynasty poet Xin Qiji, and the Southern Song Dynasty poet's love). With a history of literature throughout, then across the middle and primary school period, all the famous students have all joined forces, an important omission to give appropriate supplement, students will be able to understand the situation of the literary history of the rough Chinese. Moreover, this is concrete reality, not purely rational outline lines. This is like the branches and stem and leaves, is the root of a tree, although not necessarily distinguish twigs, branches are generally clear. Primary and secondary school income scattered knowledge can be combed again. The history of literature itself is a line, but also to the style, writers and schools, so here's "point" and "line (class)" and "surface" is plural. It also incorporated works from primary and secondary schools, and even outside readings, into the knowledge structure. The diversity and openness of academic perspectives. Primary and secondary school textbooks basically is the only true "statements of a school, but the flowers", "scientific and cultural contention of a hundred schools of thought" leads to prosperity. There are differences in order to identify, and only by allowing students to contact a variety of different points of view, in order to enable students to develop the habit of independent thinking. To a writer, to a work, Different people may have different opinions. Students should be exposed to different opinions of famous writers and works. It is easy to achieve this purpose by quoting previous comments, in order to form the writer's collection of commentaries and his works. "Set", "health assessment" evaluation should pay attention to the comment angle diversification, taking into account the two aspects of praise and criticism, but also to avoid some too extreme and no convincing views. At the same time, even the literary works, also pointed out the slight blemish. Such as Bai Juyi's "song" in "under Emei Mountain a few lines, the predecessors have already pointed out, Tang Xuanzong fled from Changan into Sichuan Chengdu, did not go through the Emei Mountain, because the Mount Emei in the south of Chengdu city is two hundred miles away. Bai Juyi, here is a mistake in making a geographical knowledge. "Set", "health assessment" rating in some selected appropriate contention viewpoint, can inspire students to think, are one-sided and absolute to overcome thinking. "Statements of a school" to "hundreds of words, and can be prioritized, so that students have fit in, through the appreciation and comment editor to clarify their views, so that students can repeatedly, multi lateral thinking, but will not cause confusion. "Health assessment", "evaluation" is often more profound, so this book is not only "readable" can often read, often new, even as "Three Hundred Tang Poems" as "Whitehead also can not waste". The pluralism and openness of academic field of vision. The classical Chinese and the "statements of a school" for "hundred words" comment repertoire is an academic perspective of development, but often the number is still limited. The warp knitting writers appropriately process and integrate a large amount of information so as to broaden their academic field of vision. In the design of each part of the writers (genre) review (review) and the writer (genre) review of research on some hot issues and a separate academic research, make students' academic eye opening, the taste of the "rich content within a small compass" academic realm. In addition to a certain amount of "bibliography", Ma is a certain literary attainments of students, there will never be "not enough to eat" feeling. And for some of the lower language based students, a natural "can not eat", but can be divided into several times to eat". As scenic spots, may not be able to enjoy one time, you can repeatedly tour. The review of these works, all of the school's point of view all-embracing reflected the openness and diversification, the principle of the students put on a higher academic platform, let them know what is the initial learning. Natural science, College Chinese course most does not engage in the study of literature, but they have learned Chinese for more than 10 years, they are junior college students, for their own major course are known well, on learning, and from their familiar language class to try how do learning is one thing. This is beneficial to the improvement of students' academic character and the cultivation of independent thinking ability. This makes "College Chinese" have the characteristics of "University", and it is different from that of primary and middle schools. Diversity and openness of learning methods. The teaching materials should play a role through certain teaching methods. On the contrary, the teaching materials also have some restrictions on what kind of teaching methods should be adopted. Students are the subjects of study. How can students develop the ability to study independently? It's a question of resistance to thinking. In the past the teacher arranged the students preview, really is not much, because the teaching content is so much, before class, class you no more interesting. If the materials also contain more and larger capacity, difficulty and key point of knowledge, there are some problems of students through reading, dictionary, and some to talk with teacher, some students do not agree with the views of the book, expound their own insights, the main body role of the students can get the play. Mr. Ye Shengtao once summed up the purpose of Chinese teaching as follows: "students can study without their teachers. Students can write compositions without waiting for the teacher to change them.". "College Chinese" is the end of the students' Chinese classroom study, and the final transition from "teacher" to "no teacher", It is very important for students to develop their self-study ability. To facilitate self-study, it has become a heavy standard for teaching materials. The teaching materials of College Chinese should also take into account the development of online teaching and multimedia teaching, and even the development of multimedia courseware directly. This requires that the textbook itself has certain foresight and progressiveness. Even the most ancient contents such as "Book of Songs" and "song of Chu" should be put into the background of the information age. In twenty-first Century, "College Chinese" should be open and pluralistic from teaching materials to teaching methods. Use voice, image and network technology, our teaching can be more interested in learning more favorable full of sound and colour, and improve the quality of teaching. From the humanities education, science education to quality education, China's education has experienced a bumpy course, copying the former Soviet Union, leaving us too many lessons, copying the west, the same will not have good results. The reform of College Chinese teaching material is a long process, and the connotation of "open" and "pluralistic" thinking will have different new contents with the progress of the times. The modernization of teaching methods and the reform and innovation of Chinese textbooks and teaching methods in primary and middle schools will also have a great impact on the reform of the teaching materials of College chinese. In "College Chinese" teaching reform who edited the "open and pluralistic thinking" is not enough, should also be good at the way of thinking, through teaching materials, reference materials, multimedia courseware for the course, teachers and students of repeated consultations, consensus, repeatedly revised, in order to write a worthy instinct our times, new textbooks for twenty-first Century. April 16, 2000