主动语态变被动语态

主动语态变被动语态 一.被动语态的结构:“be+p.p(及物动词的过去分词)。不同时态的被动语态的差异主要体现在助动词be的变化上，同时助动词be还要在人称和数上与主语保持一致。 二、在将主动语态变为被动语态时，可按以下三个步骤: ----即动作的承受者。把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 1找宾语 2 把原句的谓语动词变成被动结构(be，过去分词) 3 判断原句宾语的单复数 ----决定be动词的单复数 4由原句动词的时态决定be动词的时态。 5把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。在无须说明动作的执行者或只强调动作的承受者时，by短语可以省略。例如: All the people laughed at him. ?He was laughed at by all people. They make the bikes in the factory. ?The bikes are made (by them) in the factory. 三 感官动词:see/watch/feel/hear/notice sb. do sth. 使役动词:let/have/make sb.do sth. 这些动词后接动词不定式作宾补省去“to”，在被动语态中应加上“to” They make us do all the work. We are made to do all the work by them. I saw him walk to school. He was seen to walk to school by me. 四、含有双宾语的主动句改为被动句时，应将其中一个宾语改为被动结构的主语，另一个宾语仍保留在原处。一种情况是把间接宾语(指人)变为主语，直接宾语(指物)不变;另一种情况是把直接宾语(指物)变为主语，间接宾语(指人)不变，这时,间接宾语前通常加介词to(tell send bring show give teach pass lend)，有时加for(get 、buy 、make) 。例如: My father gave me a new book on my birthday. ?I was given a new book (by my father) on my birthday. (间接宾语作了主语) ?A new book was given to me (by my father) on my birthday. (直接宾语作了主语) My mother bought me a birthday cake. I was bought a birthday cake by my mother. A birthday cake was bought for me by my mother. 五、含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词，be，过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后，to 仍要保留。例如: We can repair this watch in two days. ?This watch can be repaired in two days. They should do it at once. ?It should be done at once. 七、否定句等各种句型的转变(略) 练习 一、将下列句子变为被动语态: 1. We often sing this song. _________________________________________________ 2. He broke his leg in the match._____________________________________________ 3. She will sell her house soon. ______________________________________________ 4. He is repairing the machine. _______________________________________________ 5. He has finished his work. ___________________________________________________ 6. We call him Lao Wang. ___________________________________________________ 7. We must do something to help her. ______________________________________________ 8. What did you say at the meeting? _______________________________________________ 9. He gave me some old magazines. ______________________________________________ 10. He told me to wait at the gate. ________________________________________________ 11Mum made me a new dress___________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ 12Bob sent Kate a letter last year.____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ 13He gave me a book. __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ ?.单项选择。(10分) ( )1.—What a nice classroom! —It _____ every day. A.is cleaning B.has cleaned C.must clean D.is cleaned ( )2.I spend much money on books _____ I am not rich. A.but B.so C.even though D.as if ( )4.Teachers should _____ their students to practice _____ English as much as possible. A.encourage; speaking B.let; speak C.make; speak D.keep;speaking ( )5.Maria has _____ trouble _____ math, so she often asks her math teacher for help. A.much; understanding B.no; with C.many; understanding D.not; to understand ( )6.If you have a chance _____ in a university，you shouldn?t give it up. A.study B.studying C.to study D.studied ( )7._____ of the students in our class _____ girls. A.Three fives; is B.Three fifths; is C.Three fifth; are D.Three fifths; are ( )8.I couldn?t wait _____ the box as soon as I received the gift. A.to open B.open C.opening D.for opening ( )9.—What is a writing brush used for? —It?s used _____ writing and drawing. A.as B.to C.for D.by ?.完形填空。(10分) More than 3,000 languages are spoken on the earth today. Many of these languages are spoken 16 small groups of people. On the 17 hand, over 200 languages are spoken by one million or more people. Chinese is the language spoken by the 18 number of people in the world. But English is most 19 spoken in the world. English is spoken by more than 400 million people 20 their first language. It is 21 by most people in the U.S.A., Great Britain, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. And it is 22 used very widely in many other countries of the world. Look at the back of your watch. You may see the English word word文档格式规范word作业纸小票打印word模板word简历模板免费word简历 s “Made 23 China, or Japan, even Germany.”English is the first language in 24 of these countries. Why are English words 25 on it? That is because in the modern world English is widely used for business between different countries. ( )16.A.as B.by C.for D.with ( )17.A.other B.others C.another D.the second ( )18.A.biggest B.bigger C.largest D.larger ( )19.A.wide B.wider C.widest D.widely ( )20.A.of B.in C.by D.as ( )21.A.spoke B.spoken C.speak D.speaking ( )22.A.either B.as well C.also D.too ( )23.A.at B.of C.with D.in ( )24.A.no one B.none C.nothing D.no ( )25.A.written B.wrote C.write D.writing ?.阅读理解。(30分) (A) English is now the first language of about 400 million people, the mother language of 12 countries and the official language of thirty-three more countries. That means one in every seven people in the world speaks English. English has become the new Latin(拉丁语) of the century. One must know English is a part of the twenty-first century. In Italy, for example, English is a must for many technical (技术的) jobs. In China, English is the most important foreign language learned at school. Now no other language on the earth is better suited to play the role of the world language. Because English is easier to learn than any other language, and it easily borrows local words and phrases from other countries to expand(丰富，扩大) its vocabulary. English is so widely used that it has become the standard language for all kinds of international communication. Now 75% of the world?s mail is in English. 60% of the world?s telephone calls are made in English. 60% of the world?s radio stations are broadcast(广播) in English and over half of the world?s books and magazines are written in English. In a word, English is now the world?s first language. ( )26._____ countries speak English as their mother language. A.11 B.12 C.33 D.45 ( )27.“English has become the new Latin of the century” means _____. A.English has a long history B.English is as important as Latin C.English has borrowed lots of words from Latin D.English is as difficult to learn as Latin ( )28.If you want to ask for a technical job in Italy, you must be able to _____. A.speak Latin B.speak French C.speak English D.speak Italian ( )29._____ of the world?s magazines are written in English. A.More than 50% B.75% C.60% D.Less than 50% ( )30.The writer thinks English is now _____. A.a native language B.the world language C.an official language D.the Latin language (B) One day, I happened to meet an Englishman in the street and soon we began to talk. As I was talking about how I was studying English, the foreigner seemed to be very surprised, gently shaking his head and saying,“You don?t say! You don?t say!” I was puzzled(困惑的), and I thought, “Perhaps this is not a right thing to talk about.” So I said to him, “Well, shall we talk about the Great Wall? Have you ever been there?” “Certainly. When I?m back home, everyone will laugh at me if I leave here without seeing it. The Great Wall is wonderful!”“Yes, it is one of the wonders in the world. And people of many countries have come to visit it.” As I went on telling him more about it, he stopped me again, “You don?t say!” I couldn?t help asking,“Why do you ask me not to talk about it?” “Well, I didn?t ask you to do so.” he answered, greatly surprised. “Didn?t you say „You don?t say!??” I asked again. Hearing this, the foreigner laughed loudly. He began to explain,“„You don?t say!?means „Really?? Perhaps you know little about English idioms(习惯用语).” Wow! How foolish I was! Since then I have been careful with English idioms. 根据短文内容，判断正(T)误(F)。 ( )31.The foreigner didn?t want to listen to the writer to talk about how he was studying English. ( )32.The writer was puzzled because the foreigner knew the Great Wall very well. ( )33.The foreigner thought the Great Wall was wonderful. ( )34.Perhaps the story happened in China. , he meant“Stop talking!” ( )35.When the foreigner used the idiom“You don?t say!” ?.综合填空。(5分) 根据句意，用所给单词的适当形式填空。 rapid, understand, hold, language, begin, need, wide English is the most 11 used language in the world. It?s used as the mother tongue by most people in many countries. It?s also one of the working 12 in the U.N. China is developing 13 and Beijing hosted 2008 Olympic Games. If we want to communicate with foreigners and prevent them from having trouble 14 , more and more people who can speak English well are 15 . 11._____ 12._____ 13._____ 14._____ 15._____