初中英语状语从句

初中英语状语从句 初中英语语法专 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 内容标题 状语从句 编稿老师 张延勇 【本讲教育信息】 一. 教学内容: 状语从句 二、教学重点: 帮助学生梳理知识，训练学生的综合能力 三、教学难点: as 和 while 的用法 四、本讲重点知识讲解: 状语从句是表示时间、地点、方式、条件、目的、原因、结果等内容的主谓 结构。状语从句在句中作状语: 1. 时间状语从句，常用的引导词有:when, while, till, until, since, after, before, as soon as 等。在有两个以上连接词或词组连接的主从复合句中，主句谓语动词 所表示的动作和从句谓语动词所表示的动作有时是同时发生的，有时是先后发生 的。因此，在理解和运用带时间状语从句的主从复合句时，要根据连接词所表示 的不同时间意义，特别注意主句和从句的谓语动词的时态。这是掌握时间状语从 句的关键。 a. when 引导的从句:表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生，或从句的动 作发生在主句动作之前。有时when 等于 and, at that time. 如:(翻译下列句子) I was going out when a visitor came. When it rains, I go to school by bus. They continued their way when the snowstorm had passed. I shall tell her the good news when she comes. b. as 引导的从句:表示“当„„时”或“一边„„，一边„„”，主句和从 句的动作同时发生。(翻译下列句子) Will you drop the letter in the box as you go past the post office? As the pupils walked along the lake, they sang happily. c. while 引导的从句:表示“当…….过程中”，强调某一段时间内主句和从 句中谓语动词所表示的动作同一个时间发生。如:(翻译下列句子) Keep an eye on my little sister while I am away. While we were watching TV, Comrade Wang came in. d. before 引导的从句:一般表示主句的动作发生在从句动作之前， 如:(翻 译下列句子) I didn’t know any English before I came here. I had written my report before my mother came back. 第1页 版权所有 不得复制 e. after 引导的从句:表示主句的动作发生在从句动作之后。如:(翻译下列 句子) After he had finished his work, he played a game of chess with his friend. He left home after he had locked the door quickly. f. since 引导的从句:表示“自从„„以来”，从句中的动词一般表示动作的 起点， 用过去时，主句中的动词表示动作延续的情况，一般用现在完成时，如 果主句中的动词表示的不是延续的动作而是表示目前的状态，可用一般现在时。 (翻译下列句子) Since he entered the university, he has made the great progress in his studies. It is twenty years since she joined the Party. g. till ( until ) 引导的从句:当表示“直到„„”时， 主句和从句用肯定式， 当表示“直到„„才”时，主句用否定式，从句用肯定式。如: They worked till it was dark. 易混引导词while, when, as的区别: when既可以指"时间点",与瞬间动词连用，也可以指"时间段"，与延续性动 词连用(=while)。如:(翻译下列句子) When he came in, his mother was cooking. When (While) we were at school, we went to the library every day. while表示时间段,因此，while 从句的谓语动词要用延续性动词。如: Please don’t talk so loud while others are working. as与when用法相似，但着重强调主句动作与从句动作同时发生，有“随 着„„”或“一边„„一边„„”之意。如: As you get older, you get more knowledge.随着年龄的增长，你获得的知识就 越多。 2(原因状语从句:because, as, since 的区别: because用于表示直接原因,回答why提出的问题，语气最强;as用于说明原 因，着重点在主句，常译成“由于”;since表示显然的或已知的理由或事实，常 译成“既然”。如:(翻译下列句子) Water is very important because we can’t live without it. He didn’t come yesterday as his mother was ill. I’ll do it for you since you are busy. 3(such…that, so…that, so that 引导结果状语从句的区别: such是形容词，修饰名词; so 是副词，修饰形容词或副词。其结构如下: 1) such + a (n)+ 形容词+单数可数名词+that… 2) such+形容词+复数可数名词+that … 3) such +形容词+不可数名词+that…。如:(翻译下列句子) This was such a good film that I went to see it several times. They are such good books that they sell well. It was such bad weather that I had to stay at home. He spoke so fast that I couldn’t follow him. 第2页 版权所有 不得复制 He is such a lovely boy that we all like him. =He is so lovely a boy that we all like him. 注:在"形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词"结构中，当名词前有many, much, few, little表示数量的多少时，名词前用so。如: She made so many mistakes that she didn’t pass the exam. 4. 条件状语从句 连接条件状语从句的连接词有:if, unless, as long as. 它们所引导的条件状语从句，需要记住的是:主句用一般将来时，从句用一 般现在时表示将来。 (1)If I see him, I will ask him to call you. 如果我看到他，我会叫他给你打 电话。 (2)If I am not busy tomorrow, I will help you with your English. 如果明天我不忙，我就帮助你学习英语。 (3)I’ll do it better if the teacher gives me another chance. 如果老师再给我一次机会，我会做得更好。 (4)I’ll stay at home if it rains tomorrow. 如果明天下雨，我就呆在家里面。 (5)You will be successful someday if you work hard. 如果你努力工作，总有一天你会成功的。 (6)If I am not busy tomorrow, I will play football with you. 如果明天我不忙的话，我就跟你一起踢足球。 7)You won’t pass the exam unless you work hard on it. ( 除非你努力学习，否则你不会通过这次考试的。 (8)As long as you take my advice, you will outwit your rival. 只要你采纳我的意见，你就能战胜你的竞争对手。 5. 结果状语从句 结果状语从句一般由so…that(如此„„以致于)，such…that(如此„„以致于)，such that(如此„„以致于)和so that(以致于)等引导。so…that与such…that的区别在于:so 接形容词或副词，such接名词或名词词组。例如:(翻译下列句子) He was so excited that he couldn't help jumping. She spoke so loudly that everyone in the big hall could hear her. It was such a terrible accident that few people survived. There were so few students present that the class was cancelled. 6. 目的状语从句 目的状语从句一般由so that(为了;以便)和in order that(为了;以便)引导的目的状 语从句，lest 表示“免得/ 以防/ 以免”。从句中一般用虚拟语气，动词形式为“should+ 动 词原形”。(翻译下列句子) She spoke louder so that everyone in the hall could hear her. They sent the book by air mail in order that it might reach us in good time. The teacher hid the key to exercises lest the students should see it. 第3页 版权所有 不得复制 7. 让步状语从句: 让步状语从句常用although / though(虽然)，even though / even if(尽管)，as(尽管)， whatever/ whenever/ however(无论什么/ 何时/ 如何)，no matter what / when / how(无论什 么/ 何时/ 如何)等到引导。no matter what/ when/ how(无论什么/ 何时/ 如何)等引导。as 表示让步时一般用于部分倒装结构，though也有此 用法。例如:(翻译下列句子) We’ll try our best to finish the work in time though we are short of materials. He still wanted to do it although I warned him not to. Although she slept ten hours last night , she is still tired. 【典型例题】 ( )1. The meeting didn’t start___ everyone was there. A. because B. until C. why D. if ( )2. The boy ___ to bed ___ his mother came in. A. went not; until B. didn’t go; after C. went; until D. didn’t go; until ( )3. Tom will call me as soon as he ___ Shanghai. A. arrives B. will reach C. arrives in D. get to ( )4. I’m sure he’ll come to see me before he ___ Beijing. A. will leave B. is leaving C. leave D. leaves ( )5. I won’t go to see the film tonight, because I ___ my ticket. A. lost B. have lost C. will lose D. didn’t lose ( )6. Betty didn’t go to see the film yesterday ___ she was ill. A. because B. but C. until D. if ( )7. May I sit nearer__ _I can see more clearly? A. as if B. so that C. even if D. so ( )8. ___ you work hard, you will certainly succeed. A. Though B. If C. Because D. For ( )9. ___ he came to study in the university, he has made much progress in the study of English. A. While B. When C. Since D. After ( )10. I’d like to go swimming _____ the water is not too cold. A. for B. unless C. if D. whether ( )11. There are ___ many league members in Class 2 ___ in Class 4. A. both; and B. so; that C. either; or D. as; as ( )12. You are sure to pass the exam ___ you study hard. A. if B. though C. that D. since ( )13. I’ll go to see the film with you ___ I have time this evening. A. whether B. so C. if D. when ( )14. ___ you study harder, you’ll never pass the final exam. A. If B. Until C. Unless D. Except 第4页 版权所有 不得复制