酒店管理信息系统—毕业设计论文

酒店管理信息系统—毕业设计 论文 政研论文下载论文大学下载论文大学下载关于长拳的论文浙大论文封面下载 目 录 酒店管理信息系统 摘 要 酒店管理系统是较为典型的管理信息系统，系统的开发主要包括前端的程序开发和后台数据库的建立和维护。数据库要求具有一致性、完整性、数据安全性好的特点，而前端的程序要求功能完备，使用便捷。 本系统使用MICROSOFT公司的Visual Basic 6.0和ACCESS 2000作为程序开发工具和数据库开发工具。主要包括预订管理，接待管理，收银管理，系统管理，客房管理等功能模块。设计首先在短时间内建立起系统应用的原型, 然后对原型系统进行需求分析, 并不断修正和改进, 直到最终形成用户满意的可行性系统。系统的难点在于数据库的设计和模块之间的动态连接。因为时间和能力的原因，目前本系统的设计为单机版，在论文的第6章有关于网络版的部分构思。 关键字:管理信息系统 BASIC 6.0 ACCESS 2000 窗体 目 录 ABSTRACT The system of hotel management is a typical application of management information system(MIS),which mainly includes building up data-base of back-end and developing the application interface of front-end. The former should make the application powerful and easily used. The later required consistency and integrality and well security of data. This system uses Visual Basic 6.0 and the ACCESS 2000 presented by Microsoft Company. Including the pre-arranged management primarily, reception management, system management, guest room management etc. function mold piece. It can give you a short-cut to build up a prototype of system application. The prototype could be modified and developed till users are satisfied with it. The design of this system is a single machine version, there are a outline concerning network in the section six. Key words: Management information system(MIS) VISUAL BASIC 6.0 ACCESS 2000 FORM 目 录 目录 前言 1 第一章 系统分析 2 1(1今晚大酒店简介及所存在的问 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 2 1(2系统的需求分析 3 1(3系统的可行性分析 4 1(4系统的业务流程分析 6 1(5系统的数据流程分析 8 1(6数据字典 12 第二章 系统设计 14 2(1 开发环境，开发工具的确定 15 2(2 系统功能结构的设计 18 2(3 代码设计 19 2(4数据库的设计 24 2(5 系统的输入输出设计 28 第三章 系统实施 29 第四章 系统的运行管理与维护 30 第五章 系统评价 30 5(1系统性能的评价 30 5(2系统效益的评价 30 第六章 对于本系统网络版的构思 31 第七章 结束语 33 致谢 34 参考文献 35 前 言 前 言 近年来，我国的现代酒店业得到了蓬勃的发展，无论是行业规模，设施质量还是经营理念或者管理水平，都取得了长足的进步，已经进入了现代化水平阶段。 随着信息技术的发展，许多酒店都把管理信息系统作为酒店实施科学化管理的主要工具，并在应用技术上不断的加以完善和发展，大大的提高了酒店运营的质量与效益。作为计算机应用的一部分,使用计算机对酒店事务的管理,具有手工管理所无法比拟的优点。例如:检索迅速、查找方便、可靠性高、存储量大、保密性好、寿命长、成本低等。这些优点能够极大地提高酒店管理的效率,也是企业的科学化、正规化管理,与世界接轨的重要条件。 在酒店前台的管理工作中，管理信息系统在客户预订，登记，问讯，收银和日常管理方面得到了广泛的应用。设于酒店前台各处的计算机终端，直接与酒店计算机控制中心联网，它可以非常方便地查阅客人档案，实时调整和显示房间状态。还可以编制各种营业报表进行市场销售分析，可以说在酒店管理方面应用计算机技术，是很有必要的，这对改善酒店的管理机制，提高管理效率具有非常重要的意义 意义就在于:可以降低人力资源成本，提高工作效率。降低优化服务流程，提升服务质量。实现资源最佳配置，增加酒店收益。支持管理层全面了解经营状况。 第一章 系统分析 第一章 系统分析 系统分析是管理信息系统结构化开发方法中的一个重要环节，是运用系统的观点和方法对原型进行目标分析，环境分析和数据分析，其主要的任务是在充分认识原型的基础上，通过问题的识别，可行性分析，系统化分析，最后完成新系统的逻辑方案设计。 1( 1 今晚大酒店简介及所存在的问题 1(1(1 今晚大酒店简介 今晚大厦位于天津市中心黄金地段的南京路上，交通便利，四通八达。大厦由著名美籍华裔建筑师吴湘先生按照美国建筑 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 设计，占地18000平方米，主塔楼结构层40层，建筑总高度168米，整体造型恢宏雄伟，气势非凡，是天津市标志性建筑之一。今晚大酒店于2001年开业就坐落在天津今晚大厦25层到33层。拥有各类客房75套。环境幽雅，装修豪华，是一家准四星的涉外酒店。其西子湖餐厅更因为独到的杭州菜口味吸引了游客的关注。 酒店设施先进、环境舒适、安全可靠，实现全面电脑自动化管理，为旅客的旅行、商务、住宿、餐饮、娱乐提供全方位温馨周到的服务。 1(1(2目前所面临的问题 目前不论是软件还是硬件都还暂时不能适应酒店的需要，存在的主要问题: (1)计算机专业人才较少:要想开发一个系统，开发人员不仅要懂业务，还要懂计算机及通讯知识。今晚大酒店在这方面存在较大问题，懂计算机知识的人比较少。 (2)信息处理效率低 :现行系统是手工操作，所有资料、查询、统计均是人工完成。不仅速度慢，而且准确率低。另外各部门信息联系不畅，数据不能共享，重复性信息多。 (3)管理基础工作与计算机化的差距:管理职能、标准化、数据格式化等均与计算机的要求有一定差距。 (4)管理人员的抵触情绪:由于缺乏足够的计算机知识，使得有些管理人员认为使用管理信息系统就会减少劳动力，使他们没有事情可做，以至于认为有可能会丢掉工作，从而导致了他们不配合，不提供详细、准确的业务资料，由此影 第一章 系统分析 响整个系统的开发。 1(2 系统的需求分析 1(2(1系统组织结构的分析 今晚大酒店分为前厅部，客房部，财务部，工程部，销售部，餐饮部，会员部，人事部，机房等多个工作部门，其中前厅部作为酒店的神经中枢，在客人心中，是酒店管理机构的代表。客人的入住、退房、结账等活动都是在前台完成的，所以为其设计管理信息系统的时候，首先要考虑其组织结构，经过调查该系统的 组织结构图如下。 酒店经理 工餐客前财人销 程饮房厅务事售 部 部 部 部 部 部 部 前厅部经理 预订部 总机领班 接待部 服务领班 预订部 话务员 行李员 接待员 收银员 图1.1 组织结构图 第一章 系统分析 1(2(2 系统管理上的需求 设计管理信息系统是一个质的飞跃。它基本实现了管理的智能化和信息化，有着现实的经济意义和社会效益。对于酒店而言，一次性的投入带来最明显的效果是人力资源的开销的压缩。另外，由于管理信息系统的种种特点，也给实际管理的操作带来了极大的便捷，如客人档案的管理实现了海量存储，快速查询，这些带给酒店的是工作效率的大大提高。再者计算机可以将各个营业点服务项目的收费集中起来编制账单，而且迅速、准确、避免了繁杂的收银手续，为客人提供方便。计算机管理系统的应用将极大的改善对客服务的质量。本系统可以利用其多维性、实时性、精确性突破了原始管理手段的诸多局限性，能够将所有存量资源实行最佳配置，从而在产品组合，产品营销方面有所创新。促进产品的销售，可以增加酒店的收益。 由此可见，酒店无论是从结构上还是管理上，都是需要计算机的辅助，需要开发管理信息系统 。 1(3 系统的可行性分析 在信息系统的目标需求已经确定，对系统的基本情况又有所了解的情况下 ，系统分析人员就可以开始可行性分析，可行性分析是根据系统的资源环境等条件，判断所提出的信息系统是否有必要，是否有可能进行开发。 1(3(1经济上的可行性分析 主要是对预估费用和对项目的经济效益进行评价。在费用支出方面，不仅要考虑主机费用(如管理，维护费用 )，还要考虑备份费用。而经济效益应该从两个方面考虑，一部分是可以用金钱去衡量的效益，如加快流动资金周转，减少资金积压等;另一部分是难以用金钱表示的，例如提供更多的高质量的信息，提高取得信息的速度。 今晚大酒店正在努力为信息系统的建立提供良好的硬件设施 ，但相对与酒店原有的基础来说，主要的经济投入还是在软件的开发和维护上。此次信息系统的开发不仅可以使今晚大酒店前台工作人员的工作效率大幅度提高，节约了资源。而且在“用管理信息系统来管理现代化酒店”这一趋势下，树立了今晚大酒店自己的企业形象。这些隐性的效益是不可估量的。 第一章 系统分析 1(3(2管理上的可行性分析 管理的可行性分析主要指对此系统运行后带来的影响(包括组织结构，管理方式，工作环境和结果)进行估计和评价，同时还要考虑到对管理人员这些最终用户的培训，以及在给定时间里能否完成预订的系统开发任务等。 首先酒店已经准备建立自己的局域网和计算机维护部门，因此各个部门之间的信息传送将会变得的高速和安全可靠。其次，酒店中正准备培养能够胜任网络管理的各个层次的管理人员和工作人员，并且现已拥有了少数网络管理方面的高级技术人才，对管理好网络有一定能力。系统中的管理人员包括硬件管理人员，软件管理人员等，最终为前台的操作人员。由于系统界面是大家所熟悉的WINDOWS图形界面，在用户接口设计时又充分考虑到了易用性，亲和性，如丰富的右键弹出菜单简化了系统的操作，所以一旦系统投入使用后，便可以很快的在酒店前台全面的利用起来。 1(3(3 技术上的可行性分析 本系统开发主要包括后台数据库的建立与维护以及前端应用程序的开发两个方面。对于前者要求建立起数据一致性和完整性强，数据安全性好的库。而对于后者则要求应用程序功能完备,使用灵活等特点。 因此本系统建议使用Win98、Win2000 Professional、Win2000 Server、Win XP等操作系统，数据库使用MS ACCESS 2000。开发工具使用Microsoft公司的VISUAL BASIC6.0，利用其提供的各种面向对象的开发工具,尤其是数据窗口这一功能方便而简洁的操纵数据库的智能化对象。过程中首先在短时间内建立系统应用原型,然后,对初始原型系统进行需求迭代,不断修正和改进,直到形成用户满意的可行系统。 由于时间和能力的原因本系统暂时设计为单机版本，将来可以升级为网络版。经过可行性的分析(经济可行性，管理可行性，开发技术可行性)等方面论证了酒店前台管理系统的建立是可行的。 第一章 系统分析 1(4 系统的业务流程分析 业务流程分析可以帮助系统分析人员了解该业务的具体处理过程，发现系统调查中的错误和疏漏，修改系统的不合理部分，优化业务流程，为目标系统的开发打下基础。 任何一个MIS系统的开发都是针对确定的业务流程的。尤其像本系统这样一个由用户提出的专用的管理信息系统，所针对的业务流程就是用户现在实行的业务流程。在进行开发之前首先要非常明确用户的业务模式。业务流程图就是在与用户接洽过程中对用户所描述的业务流程绘制成图形，使其具体化、形象化，以帮助我们确定软件结构。 1(4(1业务流程图的符号说明 系统内部的部门或人员 系统外部的实体 数据流向(不含数 据内容) 单据，报表，账目 1(4(2部分业务流程图 房态表 客人预订 订单 预订部 接待部 销售部 预订客户档 案 第一章 系统分析 图1.2 业务流程图-----预订业务流程图 今晚大酒店的部分预订是由销售部来完成的，客人可以将预订请求发给销售部，再由销售部转交给预订部，或者由客人直接发给预订部。预订部根据房间状态表来订房间，并将订单发转给接待部。由接待部建立客户档案 预订客户资料 房态表 黑名单 客人 接待部 入住信息 客房部 付款方式 收银员 入住登记表 房卡 图1.3 业务流程图-------接待业务流程图 客人到达前台接待部，接待员根据预订客户资料，房态表和黑名单来决定是否可以让客人入住，客人填写入住登记表后就可以得到房间钥匙即房卡，接待部将入住信息通知客房部，并把付款方式通知收银员。 宾客帐单 前厅现金收支表 客人 收银员 付款方式 图1.4 业务流程图------收银业务流程图 第一章 系统分析 客人通知收银员退房，收银员根据宾客账单和付款方式来办理退房和收银。并在交填写前厅现金收支表后给酒店财务部。 1(5 系统的数据流程分析 管理业务的调查中绘制的管理业务流程图虽然形象地表达了管理中信息的流动和存储过程，但仍没有完全脱离一些物质要素，为了用计算机进行信息管理还必须进一步的舍去物质要素，收集有关的资料，绘制出系统的数据流程图，为进一步的分析做准备。 1(5(1 数据流程图的符号说明 外部实体 数据处理 数据流 数据存储 , 数据流(Data Flow):指具有名称且有流向的数据，用标有名称的箭头 表示。一个数据流可以是记录、组合项或者基本项。 , 数据处理(Process):表示对数据所进行的加工和变换，在图中用矩形 框表示。指向处理的数据流为该处理的输入数据，离开处理得数据流为 改处理的输出数据。 , 数据存储:表示用文件方式或数据库形式所存储的数据，对其进行存取 分别以指向或离开数据存储的箭头表示。 , 外部实体:表示数据的来源及数据的去向，可以是一个组织或人员，他 处于系统范围之外与系统有关的外部事物或外部环境。 1(5(2酒店前台管理系统的部分数据流程图 1(5(2(1顶层数据流程图 客人的入住过程是通过酒店前台管理系统进行，前台将现金和报表给财务部。 经理可以对前台管理系统进行查询，主要是对报表和财务状况的查询。前台 第一章 系统分析 管理负责把各种报表存档，以方便经理进行查询工作。 前 客户请求信息 现金 客人 财务部 台 管 理 系 查询请求 报表 D1存档 经理 统 房态表 图1.5 顶层数据流程图 1(5(2(2 第一层数据流程图 将前台管理系统分为预订管理，入住管理。收银管理，和查询管理来进行分 析。 第一章 系统分析 预订请求 P1 预定管理 房态调查 预 定 单 入住请求 P2 接待管理 房态调查 房间状态表 帐 单 客 人 退房结帐 P3 收银管理 D1 存档 房 态 查询 P4 客房管理 财务 查询请求 P5 酒店经 理 查询管理 第一章 系统分析 图1.6 第一层数据流程图 1.5.2.3 将各个模块逐一分解进行分解 房间状态表 P1.1 P1。2 预订库 预订信息 预订客人信息 客人 预订 预订 接待 登记 订单 P2 图 1.7 预订管理数据流程图 客人将预订信息给预订部，预订部根据房间状态表为客人进行预订登记，并 登记客人信息，将预订单给接待部，入库保存。 房间状态表 房号 P2.1 P2.2 客人 前 入 入住请求 台 房间号，应付账 住 接 登 待 记 客人帐单 客人登记单 P3 图1.8 接待管理数据流程图 客人将入住请求给前台，前台根据房间状态表来分配客房，将房间号，和客人信 息登记。并将客人帐单给收银部。 第一章 系统分析 P3.1 财务 部 收银 管 理 客人 退房结账 帐单库 P3.2 退房 管 理 P4 图 1.9 收银管理数据流程图 客人要求退房，收银人员根据账单内容来结账，把首联账单保存入库，将第二联给财务部，并修改房间状态。 1(6 数据字典 数据字典主要用来描述数据流程图中数据流，数据存储，处理过程外部实体。数据字典把数据的最小单位看成是数据元素，基本数据包含若干个数据元素，可以组成一个数据结构，数据字典通过数据元素和数据项来描述数据统一存储的属性，他们之间的关系是:数据元素组成数据的结构，数据结构组成数据流和数据存储。 数据结构条目 名称:入住登记单 说明:客人入住酒店的时候所要填写的单据。 结构:姓名 年龄 性别 国籍 入住日期 证件类型 证件号码 客房编号 总编号:002 有关数据流。数据存储，入住登记单库 第一章 系统分析 名称:预订单 说明:客人预订房间是所填写的单据 结构:联系人姓名 房间数量 电话号码 房间种类 传真号码 宾客数量 预订日期 房价 预到达时间 预离店时间 付款方式 宾客姓名 总编号001 数据流向:有关数据，数据存储，预订单库 名称:帐单 说明:客人在结帐时候，前台所要出示的报表 结构:客房编号 客房种类 客房位置 客房单价 客户姓名 证件类型 证件号码 入住时间 折扣 结帐时间 备注信息 总编号;003 数据流向:数据存储，帐单库 第二章 系统设计 第二章 系统设计 根据系统分析阶段所获得的系统的逻辑模型而建立的系统的物理模型，是管理信息系统的系统设计。系统设计是寻求解决办法，探索建立新系统的过程。如果说系统分析阶段是解决管理系统“做什么”的问题，那么系统设计阶段则是解决管理信息系统“怎么做”的问题。 系统设计的任务是:在系统分析的接触上，按照逻辑模型的要求，科学合理的进行系统的总体设计和具体的物理设计，为下一阶段是提供必要的技术资料。 2(1 开发环境，开发工具的确定 2(1(1系统开发环境的选择 由于条件限制，本系统使用的是个人电脑开发。软硬件的参数如下 CPU>=奔腾3 主频>=900MHZ 内存>=32MB 硬盘>=20GB 使用Win98、Win2000 Professional、Win2000 Server、Win XP等操作系统。数据库使用ACCESS 2000， 2(1(2开发工具的选择 现在市场上可以选购的应用开发产品很多，流行的也有数十种。目前在我国市场上最为流行、使用最多、最为先进的，可用作企业级开发工具的产品有:Microsoft公司的Visual Basic 6.0版，Microsoft公司的Visual C++6.0版，Borland公司的Delphi 6.0版 1991年，Microsoft公司推出的WINDOWS应用程序开发工具，VISUAL BASIC，使这种情况有了根本的改变，VISUAL意思为可视化，指的是一种开发图形用户界面 (GUI)的方法，所以VISUAL BASIC是基于BASIC的可视化程序语言，在VISUAL BASIC中，既继承了BASIC所具有的程序设计语言简单易用的特点，其编程系统又采用了面相对象，事件驱动的编程机制，用一种巧妙的方法把WINDOWS的变成复杂性封装起来，提供了一种所见即所得的可视界面设计方法，VB6.0在功能上进一步完善和扩充，尤其是数据库管理，网络应用方 第二章 系统设计 面，更胜一筹。简单的说，VB6.0拥有以下的功能和特点:具有面向对象的可视化设计工具。事件驱动的变成机制，使得程序既易于编写又易于维护。提供了易学易用的应用集成开发环境。结构化的程序设计语言。支持多种数据库系统的访问。故而，实现本系统VISUAL BASIC6.0是一个相对较好的选择。 2(1(3数据库的选择 Access与许多优秀的关系数据库一样，可以让人很容易地连接相关的信息而且还对其他的数据库系统有所补充。它能操作其它来源的资料，包括许多流行的PC数据库程序(如dBASE，Paradox，Microsoft FoxPro)和服务器、小型机和大型机上的许多SQL数据库。Access还完全支持Microsoft的OLE技术。Access还提供windows操作系统的高级应用程序开发系统。Access与其它数据库开发系统之间相当显著的区别就是:不用写一行代码，就可以在很短的时间里开发出一个功能强大而且相当专业的数据库应用程序。故而本系统选择ACCESS数据库。 2(2 系统功能结构的设计 前台计算机管理系统是整个酒店计算机管理系统的一个重要组成部分，其主要是为了客房接待，预订，收银等业务流程而设计的，主要包括预订管理，接待管理，收银管理，客房信息管理，报表管理，系统管理等功能子模块。功能模块图如下所示: 第二章 系统设计 酒店前台管理系统 预订管理 接待管理 客房信息管理 报表管理 系统管理 营在房黑密系 业客间名码统 报报入单管操 表 表 住设理 作新 修 查 预 设 设 报置 管建 改询警 置 置 表 理 预 预 预 功 客 客 订 订 订 能 房 房 信 信 信 标 信 息 息 息 准 息 订订订剩新 修 删 新 修 查 删 房房房余建 改除建 改 询 除 信信信客客 客 客 客 客 客 客 息息息房房 房 房 房 房 房 房 查添修查标 标 标 信 信 信 信 询 加 改 询 准 准 准 息 息 息 息 图2.1 系统的功能结构 第二章 系统设计 2(2(1预订管理 预订管理是指宾客到达酒店前对酒店客房的预先订约，预订在得到酒店的确认后，酒店与宾客之间便确立了一种合同关系，拒此，酒店有义务以预先确定的价格为宾客提供。宾客希望使用已得到酒店确认的客房。 预订是酒店的一项非常重要的业务，一个大型的酒店一般在其前厅都要设有预订部，专门受理预订业务，对于酒店来说，通过预订便于统筹安排工作，提前做好接待的准备工作，如人员的安排，设施设备的更新，低值易耗品的采购等，此外，通过预订可以使酒店提前占领客源市场，提高客房的利用率。 功能主要包括新预订，预订的查询(包括模糊查询)及预订信息的删除，此项功能设有用户权限，只有拥有权限的人才可以对信息进行删除。另外本系统里一个比较有特色的功能是设有预警功能，在用户预订的抵店日期5日后，系统会给予自动提示。前台人员可以根据提示删除预订或者与预订人进行联系。 2(2(2接待管理 接待管理模块主要负责顾客的入住登记。其中包括已预订的顾客的入住和新客入住。此模块包括入住登记，入住记录的查询，删除。 其中删除功能设有用户权限。用户信息不能随便删除。 2(2(3收银管理 收银业务是前台不可缺少的一项业务，顾客在酒店住宿期间的一切费用在宾客离店的时候都要准确，及时的收集，即使订房，住宿登记，和客房服务的质量很出色，然而酒店能否获得应得的收益还在于收银业务。 宾客预订客房时，酒店要求交纳押金，或者提供方式以确立和担保宾客的订房，为此收银部门在宾客抵达之前就要为宾客设立账单，当宾客到达酒店，登记住宿时候，收银员要具体核实宾客的支付方式，确认宾客的支付能力。对于那些散客和没有做担保预订房的宾客，收银员也要为其建立账单，当宾客准备结账离店，收银部门要及时的打印出准确，完整的宾客账单，收集款项，平衡账目。对于现金外的支付方式，酒店在宾客离店时候与开户银行联系收款。 因此其功能主要包括收银信息的查询，修改，和添加。 第二章 系统设计 2(2(4客房信息管理 客房信息管理，需要及时的修改房间状态，输入有关客房标准，包括编制号，标准名称，房间面积，床位数量，住房单价，是否有空调，电视机，电话以及单独卫生间，及客房基本信息的修改和查询等。特别是剩余客房信息的查询，有助于预订功能的实现。 2(2(5报表管理 报表管理功能模块包括营业报表管理，在线报表管理，以及房间入住报表管理等。有助于分析酒店的经营状况和客房入住率。这项功能尤其方便了经理的查询工作。 2(2(6系统管理 系统管理包括黑名单的设置，系统密码的管理和系统操作管理。 黑名单功能是此系统中的一个非常具有特色的功能。在本店有过拖欠费用，和不良记录的顾客，再一次到达本店的时候，系统的黑名单会提醒前台人员不予登记入住。黑名单的添加，删除功能也是有权限的。并不是任何人都可以随意操作。 2(3 代码设计 代码是代表客观存在的事物名称，属性，和状态等的符号，代码可以是数字，字母，或者是由数字和字母混合组成的。 使用代码的功能主要是可以提高计算机处理的效率和精度。利用代码还可以节省计算机的存储空间，提高运算速度，提高系统的可靠性和数据的全局一致性。代码是任何计算机的共同语言，是两者交换信息的工具。 设计代码一定要遵循唯一性，标准性，合理性，可扩充性，简单性，实用性，和规范性的原则。 代码的种类主要分为顺序码，区间码，助忆码，缩写码。 第二章 系统设计 代码的编写 1(间代码的设计(区间码) 3301# 前两位代表楼层号 后两位代表房间号 #表示此代码表示的是客房 此代码含义为33层01号房间 2( 间类型标准名称的代码设计(缩写码) 标准间 ST ( standard room) 普通套房SU (suite) 商务套间BU( business suite) 豪华套间 DE (deluxe suite) 总统套间 PS(Presidential suite) 3. 房间状态的代码设计(缩写码) (1) 住客房O(Occupied). 住店宾客正在使用的客房。 (2) 空净房V(vacant)是指该客房已经打扫整理完毕，随时可 以供出租使用。 (3) 空脏房CO(Check out)宾客已经结账离店，房间还在清扫 之中。 (4) 待修房OFO(Out of order) 指该客房正在或将要进行内部整 修，不能对外租售。 4. 预订单编号: 年份(前四位)+月份(后两位)+日+次序号 如2004010201代表，2004年1月2号，第一个预订单 2(4 数据库的设计 在开发的信息系统中，数据的存储与管理，大多采用了数据库系统，数据库是由各种各样的数据文件所组成的，但在数据库系统中，提供了对数据库的访问 第二章 系统设计 机制，能够动态的，有组织的存储大量互连的数据，并能以最佳的存储路径，最快的查询效率，最少的数据冗余度为多种应用目的服务。它与传统的文件项目的区别就在于数据能够充分的分享应用程序与数据存储，彼此独立。 数据库的主要任务是设计出能够反映实际信息关系，数据冗余度少，存储效率高，易于实施与维护并能满足各种应用要求的数据模型。 2.4.1概念模型的设计 用实体——联系的方法来描述概念模型，是通过E—R图(ENTITY—RELATIONS)来实现的，E—R图有三种基本成分，实体，联系，和属性。 在此酒店前台管理系统中，实体有客房标准实体，客房的信息实体，预订/接待信息实体，收银信息实体，客人基本信息实体等。 客房的信息实体，其属性包括客房编号，客房种类，客房位置，客房单价，以及备注。 客房标准信息的属性包括，标准编号，标准名称，房间面积，床位数量，住房单价，是否有卫生间，以及一些基本的设备。 接待信息实体主要包括的属性有，订房编号，客房编号，客房的种类，客房位置，客房位置，备注信息，顾客姓名，年龄，性别，国籍，顾客证件号码，证件类型，入住时间，折扣，备注等。 预订信息实体属性包括:宾客姓名，房间数量，房间类型，房价，公司名称，预抵时间，预离时间，付款方式以及联系电话，备注等。 收银信息实体属性包括:订房编号，客房编号，客房种类，客房位置，客房备注信息，顾客姓名，顾客证件号码，证件类型，入住时间，折扣，结算时间，备注等。 客人基本信息实体包括:姓名，身份证号码，房号，入住时间，单价等。 2(4(2数据库结构设计 本系统根据概念模型设计中所规划出的实体，得出各个实体具体的描述E—R图，如图所示 第二章 系统设计 单价 标准编号 设备状况 客房标准设置 标准名称 1 登记 N 房号 状态 预订/入住时间 客房标准信息间 管理 客人姓名 账单号 1 单价 1 1 预订 入住 预订/接待管理 备注 预订号 房号 1 输入 时间 客人基本信息 姓名 单价 收银管理 身份证号 入住时间 房号 信息 金额 图2.2 各实体之间E-R图 第二章 系统设计 2(4(3数据库的物理设计 数据库的物理设计是指为了将数据库的逻辑模型在计算机的物理存储设备 上实现，如何组织和存储数据，以建立起一个既省存储空间，又有较高存取速度， 性能良好的物理数据库。 入住信息表 中文名称 列名 数据类型 可否为空 长度 checkno varchar 10 订房编号 非空 customname varchar 20 顾客姓名 非空 age numeric 4 年龄 空 sex varchar 4 性别 空 nation varchar 10 国籍 空 Id type varchar 10 证件类型 非空 Custom id varchar 20 证件号码 非空 roomno varchar 8 客房编号 非空 indate datetime 入住时间 空 discount numeric 10 折扣 空 inmemo text 10 备注 空 checkdate datetime 10 结算日期 空 ammount numeric 20 金额 空 第二章 系统设计 客房信息表 中文名称 列名 数据类型 可否为空 长度 roomno varchar NOT NULL 10 客房编号 roomtype varchar NOT NULL 10 客房种类 roomposition varchar NULL 10 客房位置 roomprice numeric NULL 10 单价 putup varchar NOT NULL 10 是否被预订 roommemo text NULL 100 备注 客房标准信息表 中文名称 列名 数据类型 可否为空 长度 Typeid varchar NOT NULL 4 标准编号 typename varchar NOT NULL 10 标准名称 area numeric NULL 10 房间面积 bednum numeric NULL 10 床位数量 haircondition varchar NULL 10 是否有空调 htelephone varchar NULL 10 是否有电话 htelevision varchar NULL 10 是否有电视 htoilet varchar NULL 10 是否有卫生间 price numeric NULL 单价 第二章 系统设计 预订客房信息表 中文名称 列名 数据类型 可否为空 长度 Connectname varchar NOT NULL 20 联系人姓名 telnumber varchar NOT NULL 20 电话号码 faxnumber varchar NULL 20 传真号码 preindate datetime NOT NULL 10 预抵店时间 preleave datetime NULL 10 预离店时间 paymentmode varchar NULL 20 付款方式 customname varchar NOT NULL 20 宾客姓名 roomnumber numeric NOT NULL 10 房间数量 Roomtype varchar NOT NULL 10 客房种类 customnumber numberic NULL 10 宾客数量 price numeric NULL 10 房价 reservationdate datetime NOT NULL 10 预订日期 账单信息表 中文名称 列名 数据类型 可否为空 长度 roomno varchar NOT NULL 10 客房编号 roomtype varchar NULL 10 客房种类 roomposition varchar NULL 10 客房位置 roomprice numeric NOT NULL 10 客房单价 customname varchar NOT NULL 20 顾客姓名 Id type varchar NULL 10 证件类型 Custom id varchar NULL 20 证件号码 indate Datetime NOT NULL 10 入住时间 discount numeric NULL 10 折扣 checkdate datetime NOT NULL 10 结账时间 inmemo text NULL 50 备注信息 第二章 系统设计 2(5 系统的输入输出设计 2(5(1系统的输出设计 输出设计是指计算机对输入的原始数据进行加工处理，使之具有一定的格式，提供给管理者使用。因而，输出是管理者直接面对的实物，往往有固定的格式和数据要求，具有直观性，并直接反映用户需求。输出的要求往往决定对输入要求，例如在设计设计一张报表时，报表中需要的数据就是输入阶段要提供的数据。输出设计的目的是使系统能输出满足用户需要的有用信息，对于大多数用户来说，输出是系统开发的目的和评价系统开发成功与否的标准。因此，输出设计的出发点是保证系统输出的信息能够方便的为用户所使用，能够为用户的管理活动提供有效的信息服务。 2(5(2系统的输入设计 输入设计是整个系统设计的关键环节之一，对于系统的质量起着决定性的影响，输入数据的正确性直接决定处理结果的正确性，如果输入数据有误，即使计算和处理十分正确，也无法获得可靠的输出信息。输入设计的目标是保证向系统输入正确的数据，在此前提下，应做到输入方法简单，迅速，经济，方便，为此，输入设计应该遵循最小量，简单行，早检验，少转换的原则。 2(5(3系统的界面设计 下面图就列出了系统中的一些界面: 此界面为登陆界面，输入正确的密码方可登陆，关于密码的设置可以在系统管理中进行。 第二章 系统设计 此为管理信息系统的主界面 通过用户添加界面可以添加新的用户，和进行密码设置。 第二章 系统设计 根据提示，可以输入客房标准，并保存 此界面为订房信息界面 第三章 系统实施 第三章 系统实施 系统实施阶段的工作与前几个阶段的工作相比较，所涉及的人力和物力都要多的多。在这个阶段，整个系统的具体实施工作将要逐步开展，大量的各类专业技术人员将陆续加入到各个项目的研制中来。由于各项工作之间的相互联系，所以任何一项工作的延误都会影响到整个系统实施的进度。具体说来，系统实施阶段的工作就是要将系统设计阶段得到的目标系统物理模型转换为可实际运行的软件系统。一个好的系统 设计方案 关于薪酬设计方案通用技术作品设计方案停车场设计方案多媒体教室设计方案农贸市场设计方案 只有经过精心实施，才能带来实际的效益。因此，实施阶段的工作对管理信息系统的最终质量有着直接的联系。 系统实施阶段的具体任务包括:计算机物理系统的实施，应用软件的编写与调试，人员培训，数据准备，系统转换等。硬件的购置和安装包括计算机硬件、外设、网络、电源、机房、环境等有关设备的购买、验收、安装与调试工作等，这些工作主要由专业技术人员完成。 其中数据准备与录入工作主要是指由手工操作转入计算机处理所需的各种数据的整理、录入及计算机系统中为新系统所用数据的转换工作。数据准备与录入工作要注意数据的准确性，在整理、录入、校验等各个环节把好关，为系统的顺利转换打好基础。 而选择良好的程序设计和工具又是设计高质量程序的基础，但是必须明确程序设计的要求标准才能保证程序设计工作的高质量。一般说，程序的设计要具有可靠性，实用性，规范性，可读性和可维护性的特点。 系统在实施阶段要对专业人员进行合理培训。系统投入使用之后，这些人是系统的使用者，也是系统的组成部分。为了保证目标系统的正常运行，必须根据用户的实际情况，对缺乏计算机知识的业务人员，进行培训，使之能适应，熟悉新系统的工作环境和操作方式。 第四章 系统的运行管理与维护 第四章 系统的运行管理与维护 系统切换后即可投入运行。系统运行包括系统的日常操作，维护等，系统的好坏和系统设计又很大关系，也和系统运行又很大的关系，任何一个系统都不是一开始就很完善的，总是经过多重的开发，运行，再开发，再运行的循环不断上升的过程，开发的思想只有在运行中才能得到检验，而运行中不断积累的问题是新的开发思想的源泉。 酒店管理信息系统一旦投入使用之后即要进行系统的运行管理。 一(系统运行情况的管理 从每天计算机的打开，应用系统的进入，功能项的选择与执行，到下班前的数据备份，存档，关机等，都要按要求对系统软件 、硬件和数据等的运行情况做记录。 二(系统资源的管理 在维护信息系统正常运行过程中还有一个常见的问题，就是如何管理信息系统的资源。包括人员管理，软件管理，硬件资源的管理，和资金的管理 。 三(系统的维护管理 管理信息系统需要在使用中不断的完善。一方面，精心设计，精心事实，经过调试的系统，也难免有不尽人意的地方，或者有的地方效率还可以提高，或者使用不够方便，甚至还有错误，这些问题只有在实践中才能暴露;另一方面，随着管理环境的变化，也会对信息系统提出新的要求，信息系统只有适应这些要求才能生存下去，因此，系统维护是系统生存的重要条件。 系统维护主要包括硬件维护，软件维护和数据维护 。 硬件维护，一方面是定期的设备保养性维护，另一方面是突发性地故障维修。 软件维护，主要指系统中应用程序的维护 。 数据文件维护，数据文件的维护是指因其业务处理的变化，需建立新文件，或对现有的数据文件进行修改(不包括正常更新)。主要的维护工作有以下三个方面:数据库文件安全性、完整性的控制;数据库的正确性保护、转贮与恢复;数据库的重组织与重构造。 第五章 系统评价 第五章 系统评价 系统评价是对一个信息系统的性能进行全面估计，检查，测试，分析和评审。包括用实际指标与 计划 项目进度计划表范例计划下载计划下载计划下载课程教学计划下载 指标进行比较，以确立系统目标的实现程度，同时对系统建成后产生的效益进行全面的评估。 5(1系统性能的评价 系统性能的好坏，直接影响这系统的运行和维护，决定了运行和应用的长期效果，决定了系统的生命力。因此，系统性能评价是信息系统评价的主要内容。本系统具有系统效率高，可维护性，可靠性强的特点，可扩充的程度高，系统安全保密且可移植。能够充分的适应酒店行业的发展和每天事务的进行。本系统的投入运行基本满足了酒店的预订接待要求，并能使其取得明显的经济和社会效益。运行状态平稳表明系统的各项指标达到了设计的要求。 5(2系统效益的评价 系统运行的好坏，不仅和系统的性能有关，更要看系统给组织的决策和人员的行为带来的影响。这些影响可从两个方面进行评价，直接经济效益，和间接的经济效益。本系统的投入运行，改进了组织结构及运行方式，提高了人员的素质，使成本下降，利润增加。尽管间接的经济效益难以估计，但是对企业的生产发展和形象的树立上所起的作用往往要大于直接经济效益。 由此可以看出，本系统是可行的，一旦投入使用，完全可以满足酒店的需要。 第六章 对于本系统网络版的构思 第六章 对于本系统网络版的构思 由于时间和能力问题，本系统的开发只局限于单机版，将来可以升级为网络版，将更能发挥计算机信息系统的作用。下面就简单的谈一下对于今后网络模式的选择。 近年来，随着计算机技术和网络的飞速发展，信息系统的开发模式已经经历着巨大的革新，纵观发展历史。一共产生了几种模式，主机终端模式，文件服务器模式，客户机/服务器模式 (client/server),浏览器/服务器模式(browser/server). 主机终端模式由于硬件选择有限，硬件投资得不到保证，已经逐步被淘汰，而硬件服务器模式由于应用程序和电脑的主体转而面向个人，整个系统的总体开销和维护成本大大的提高，而且这种模式也只是适用一个小规模的局域网，对于客户多，数量大的情况下就会产生瓶颈。因此C/S模式和B/S模式就成为了当前主流的开发模式 。 C/S用来表示两类协作程序之间的关系，其中一类为客户机程序，另一类为服务器程序，CLIENT程序与SERVER程序可以运行在一台计算机中，也可以运行在网络环境中的两台或者多台计算机中，在网络环境中，CLIENT程序向SERVER程序发出服务请求，SERVER程序接受并处理CLIENT程序的请求，然后将处理的结果送回到客户机，C/S结构代表了90年代开放式系统的系统处理工作模式。 而以WEB技术为基础B/S模式正日益展现其先进性，当今很多基于大型数据库的信息系统正在采用这种全新的技术模式，这种模式是由浏览器，WEB服务器，数据库服务器三个层次组成的。这种模式下，用户的所有操作都是通过浏览器进行的，该结构的核心部分是WEB服务器，它负责接收远程的HTTP查询请求，然后根据查询的条件到数据库服务器获取相关数据，再将结果翻译成HTML和各种页面描述语言，传送回提出查询请求的浏览器，同样，浏览器也会更改，删除，新增数据记录的请求并申请至WEB服务器，与后者数据库联系完成这些工作。 综合上述，将B/S模式与C/S模式的优势结合起来，就形成了B/S与C/S模式的混合模式。对于面对大量用户作用的模式采用三层B/S模式，在用户端计算机上安装运行浏览器软件，基础数据集中放在较高性能的数据库服务器上，中间建立一个WEB服务器作为数据库服务器与客户机浏览器交互的连接通道。而对于在系统模块安全性要求高，交互性强，处理数据量大，数据查询灵活的地点则 第六章 对于本系统网络版的构思 适用C/S模式，这样能充分的发挥各自的特长，开发出安全可靠，灵活方便，效率高的软件系统。 因此对于本系统的今后的网络版的开发将使用B/S和C/S的混合模式。 第七章 结束语 第七章 结束语 经过大学四年的学习，让我对管理信息系统有了一定的了解。而这四个月的实习与毕业设计阶段，又让这些理论知识变成了真正的实践操作，这个过程让我收益很大。在今晚大酒店的实习期间，使我充分了体会了工作的辛苦和自己在知识上的欠缺。同时也让我学到了酒店的一些管理理念，这些是在书本上完全学不到的。 另外，论文的完成期间也遇到了很大的困难。需要协调好工作单位与学校的关系，平衡工作与学习的时间。酒店的工作量很大，所以论文多半是在深夜完成。但是回想这段时间，觉得自己过的十分充实。在工作中得到自信，学到知识，在论文的完成中，又把这些知识运用于实践。 结果带来的成就感，让自己觉得四年的大学生活，给自己带来了许多收获，所要学习的也还有很多。论文中的有很多粗陋之处，在今后学习中有待于提高和完善。 致 谢 致 谢 大学四年的生活就要过去，首先我要在这里感谢宿舍里的几位同学带给我生活上的关心和照顾，你们对于我的帮助是我的动力和强大支撑。我的每一点进步都有你们的功劳。四年里我们在一起成长，一起欢笑，一起进步。经历了很多的困难和挫折。这些都是我永远难以忘记的。 另外我非常的感谢王玲老师对于我毕业设计上的全程帮助和支持。您对于我精神上的鼓励，让我自信的去挑战困难，每次自己对论文的完成产生怀疑的时候，您总能以微笑鼓舞和安慰我，让我更加有勇气去克服工作上带来的种种压力，认真的完成本质工作。而且您在毕业设计中给我的意见和建议，让我收益匪浅。我在这里深深的感谢您。 我还要感谢大学四年所有给予我帮助和教育的老师和同学们。是你们给我知识的养分，让我更加成熟，理智，让我乐观的去生活。 在今后的工作中，我会时刻记住您们给我的教导，以此鞭策自己。我会提醒自己在社会中并不是孤军奋战，有很多的朋友和老师，都在身后默默的支持着我，鼓励着我。 我非常的感谢你们～ 致 谢 参考文献 1(李东 《管理信息系统的理论与应用》北京大学出版社1998 2(甘仞初 《信息资源管理》经济科学出版社1999 3(郑人杰《软件工程》清华大学出版社1999 4(李宇红《管理信息系统原理及解决放案》电子工业出版社1999 5.周绪 《SQL SERVER2000中文版入门与提高》2001 6(余炳炎《现代饭店房务管理》 上海人民出版社 7(王小敏《信息系统分析与设计》第二版 清华出版社 8(伍俊良《VISUAL BASIC课程设计与系统开发案例》清华出版社 9(.魏小安 《中国旅游业新世纪发展大趋势 》广东旅游出版社 2001 10(刘韬 《 Visual Basic数据库系统开发实例导航(第二版)》人民邮电出版 社 2003 11(黎洁 《旅游企业经营战略管理 》 中国旅游出版社 2000 12(滕佳东《旅游管理信息系统 》 东北财经大学出版社 2001 13. 王成钧 《企业管理信息系统基础》 冶金工业出版社 1992 14(曲成义《电子政务面临的挑战》，信息化建设，2001 14(www.Vbsky.com 15.www.baidu.com 致 谢 "Are you hungry now?" "No, I am tired and lazy now; if I pursue you I will not catch you, and if I catch you-through your own slowness and clumsiness-I will not kill you, and if I kill you I will not eat you." Nicholas had begun to back away, and at the last; words, realizing that they were a signal, he turned and began to run, splashing through the shallow water. Ignacio ran after him, much helped by his longer legs, his hair flying behind his dark young face, his square teeth-each white as a bone and as big as Nicholas's thumbnail-showing like spectators who lined the railings of his lips. "Don't run, Nicholas," Dr. Island said with the voice of a wave. "It only makes him angry that you run." Nicholas did not answer, but cut to his left, up the beach and among the trunks of the palms, sprinting all the way because he had no way of knowing Ignacio was not right behind him, about to grab him by the neck. When he stopped it was in the thick jungle, among the boles of the hardwoods, where he leaned,.; out of breath, the thumping of his own heart the only' . sound in an atmosphere silent and unwaked as Earth's long, prehuman day. For a time he listened for any sound Ignacio might make searching for him; there was none. He drew a deep breath then and said, "Well, that's over," expecting Dr. Island to answer from somewhere; there was only the green hush. The light was still bright and strong and nearly, shadowless, but some interior sense told him the day, was nearly over, and he noticed that such faint shades as he could see stretched long, horizontal distortions of their objects. He felt no hunger, but he had fasted be-' fore and knew on which side of hunger he stood; he was not as strong as he had been only a day past, and by this time next day he would probably be unable to outrun Ignacio. He should, he now realized, have eaten the monkey he had killed; but his stomach revolted at the thought of the raw flesh, and he did not know how he might build a fire, although Ignacio seemed to have done so the night before. Raw fish, even if he were able to catch a fish, would be as bad, or worse, than raw monkey; he remembered his effort to open a coconut-he had failed, but it was surely not impossible. His mind was hazy as to what a coconut might contain, but there had to be an edible core, because they were eaten in books. He decided to make a wide sweep through the jungle that would bring him back to the beach well away from Ignacio; he had several times seen coconuts lying in the sand under the trees. He moved quietly, still a little afraid, trying to think of ways to open the coconut when he found it. He imagined himself standing before a large and raggedly faceted stone, holding the coconut in both hands. He raised it and smashed it down, but when it struck it was no longer a coconut but Maya's head; he heard her nose cartilage break with a distinct, rubbery snap. Her eyes, as blue as the sky above Madhya Pradesh, the sparkling blue sky of the egg, looked up at him, but he could no longer look into them, they retreated from his own, and it came to him quite suddenly that Lucifer, in falling, must have fallen up, into the fires and the coldness of space, never again to see the warm blues and browns and greens of Earth: 1 was watching Satan fall as lightning from heaven. He had heard that on tape somewhere, but he could not remember where. He had read that on Earth lightning did not come down from the clouds, but leaped up from the planetary surface toward them, never to return. "Nicholas." He listened, but did not hear his name again. Faintly water was babbling; had Dr. Island used that sound to speak to him? He walked toward it and found a little rill that threaded a way among the trees, and followed it. In a hundred steps it grew broader, slowed, and ended in a long blind pool under a dome of leaves. . Diane was sitting on moss on the side opposite him; she looked up as she saw him, and smiled. "Hello," he said. "Hello, Nicholas. I thought I heard you. I wasn't mistaken after all, was I?" "I didn't think I said anything." He tested the dark water with his foot and found that it was very cold. 致 谢 "You gave a little gasp, I fancy. I heard it, and I said to myself, that's Nicholas, and I called you. Then I thought I might be wrong, or that it might be Ignacio." "Ignacio was chasing me. Maybe he still is, but h think he's probably given up by now." The girl nodded, looking into the dark waters of they pool, but did not seem to have heard him. He began to work his way around to her, climbing across the snakelike roots of the crowding trees. "Why does Ignacio want to kill me, Diane?" "Sometimes he wants to kill me, too," the girl said. "But why?" "I think he's a bit frightened of us. Have you ever talked to him, Nicholas?" "Today I did a little. He told me a story about a pet fish he used to have." "Ignacio grew up all alone; did he tell you that? On= Earth. On a plantation in Brazil, way up the Amazon --Dr. Island told me." "I thought it was crowded on Earth." "The cities are crowded, and the countryside closes to the cities. But there are places where it's emptie than it used to be. Where Ignacio was, there would have been Red Indian hunters two or three hundred years ago; when he was there, there wasn't anyone,` just the machines. Now he doesn't want to be looked at, doesn't want anyone around him." Nicholas said slowly, "Dr. Island said lots of people wouldn't be sick if only there weren't other people around all the time. Remember that?" a "Only there. are other people around all the time; that's how the world is." "Not in Brazil, maybe," Nicholas said. He was trying to remember something about Brazil, but the only thing he could think of was a parrot singing in a straw hat from the comview cartoons; and then a turtle and a hedgehog that turned into armadillos for the love of God, Montressor. He said, "Why didn't he stay there?" "Did I tell you about the bird, Nicholas?" She had been not listening again. "What bird?" "I have a bird. Inside." She patted the flat stomach below her small breasts, and for a moment, Nicholas thought she had really found food. "She sits in here. She has tangled a nest in my entrails, where she sits and tears at my breath with her beak. I look healthy to you, don't I? But inside I'm hollow and rotten and turning brown, dirt and old feathers, oozing away. Her beak will break through soon." "Okay." Nicholas turned to go. "I've been drinking water here, trying to drown her. I think I've swallowed so much I couldn't stand up now if I tried, but she isn't even wet, and do you know something, Nicholas? I've found out I'm not really me, I'm her." Turning back Nicholas asked, "When was the last time you had anything to eat?" "I don't know. Two, three days ago. Ignacio gave me something." "I'm going to try to open a coconut. If I can I'll bring you back some." When he reached the beach, Nicholas turned and walked slowly back in the direction of the dead fire, this time along the rim of dampened sand between the sea and the palms. He was thinking about machines. There were hundreds of thousands, perhaps millions, of machines out beyond the belt, but few or none of the sophisticated servant robots of Earth-those were luxuries. Would Ignacio, in Brazil (whatever that was like), have had such luxuries? Nicholas thought not; those robots were almost like people, and living with them would be like living with people. Nicholas wished that he could speak Brazilian. There had been the therapy robots at St. John's; Nicholas had not liked them, and he did not think Ignacio would have liked them either. If he had liked his therapy robot he probably would not have 致 谢 had to be sent here. He thought of the chipped and rusted old machine that had cleaned the corridors-Maya had called it Corradora, but no one else ever called it any- F thing but Hey! It could not (or at least did not) speak, 1 and Nicholas doubted that it had emotions, except possibly a sort of love of cleanness that did not extend to its own person. "You will understand," someone was saying inside his head, "that motives of all sorts can be divided into two sorts." A doctor? A therapy robot? It did not matter. "Extrinsic and intrinsic. An extrinsic motive has always some further end in view, and that end we call an intrinsic motive. Thus when we have reduced motivation to intrinsic motivation we have reduced it to its simplest parts. Take that machine over there." What machine? "Freud would have said that it was fixated at the latter anal stage, perhaps due to the care its builders exercised in seeing that the dirt it collects is not released again. Because of its fixation it is, as you see, obsessed with cleanliness and order; compulsive sweeping and scrubbing palliate its anxieties. It is a strength of Freud's theory, and not a weakness, that it serves ` to explain many of the activities of machines as well as the acts of persons." Hello there, Corradora. And hello, Ignacio. My head, moving from side to side, must remind you of a radar scanner. My steps are measured, slow, and precise. 1 emit a scarcely audible humming as 1 walk, and my eyes are fixed, as 1 swing my head, not on you, Ignacio, but on the waves at the edge of sight, where they curve up into the sky. 1 stop ten meters short of you, and 1 stand. You go 1 follow, ten meters behind. What do 1 want? Nothing. Yes, 1 will pick up the sticks, and 1 will follow-five meters behind. "Break them, and put them on the fire. Not all of them, just a few." Yes. "Ignacio keeps the fire here burning all the time. Sometimes he takes the coals of fire from it to start others, but here, under the big palm log, he has a fire always. The rain does not strike it here. Always the fire. Do you know how he made it the first time? Reply to him!" " " No. "No, Patrdo!" " `No, Patrao.'" "Ignacio stole it from the gods, from Poseidon. Now Poseidon is dead, lying at the bottom of the water. Which is the top. Would you like to see him?" "If you wish it, Patrdo." "It will soon be dark, and that is the time to fish; do you have a spear?" "No, Patrdo." "Then Ignacio will get you one." Ignacio took a handful of the sticks and thrust the ends into the fire, blowing on them. After a moment Nicholas leaned over and blew, too, until all the sticks were blazing. 致 谢 "Now we must find you some bamboo, and there is some back here. Follow me." The light, still nearly shadowless, was dimming now, so that it seemed to Nicholas that they walked on insubstantial soil, though he could feel it beneath his feet. Ignacio stalked ahead, holding up the burning sticks until the fire seemed about to die, then pointing the ends down, allowing it to lick upward toward his hand and come to life again. There was a gentle wind blowing out toward the sea, carrying away the sound of the surf and bringing a damp coolness; and when they had been walking for several minutes, Nicholas heard in it a faint, dry, almost rhythmic rattle. Ignacio looked back at him and said, "The music. The big stems talking; hear it?" They found a cane a little thinner than Nicholas's wrist and piled the burning sticks around its base, then added more. When it fell, Ignacio burned through the upper end, too, making a pole about as long as Nicholas was tall, and with the edge of a seashell scraped the larger end to a point. "Now you are a fisherman," he said. Nicholas said, "Yes, Pardo," still careful not to meet his eyes. "You are hungry?" "Yes, Patrdo." "Then let me tell you something. Whatever you get is Ignacio's, you understand? And what he catches, that is his, too. But when he has eaten what he wants, what is left is yours. Come on now, and Ignacio will teach you to fish or drown you." Ignacio's own spear was buried in the sand not far from the fire; it was much bigger than the one he had made for Nicholas. With it held across his chest he went down to the water, wading until it was waist high, then swimming, not looking to see if Nicholas was following. Nicholas found that he could swim with the spear by putting all his effort into the motion of his legs, holding the spear in his left hand and stroking only occasionally with his right. "You breathe," he said softly, "and watch the spear," arid after that he had only to allow his head to lift from time to time. He had thought Ignacio would begin to look for fish as soon as they were well out from the beach, but the Brazilian continued to swim, slowly but steadily, until it seemed to Nicholas that they must be a kilometer or more from land. Suddenly, as though the lights in a room had responded to a switch, the dark sea around them became an opalescent blue. Ignacio stopped, treading water and using his spear to buoy himself. "Here," he said "Get them between yourself and the light." Open-eyed, he bent his face to the water, raised it again to breathe deeply, and dove. Nicholas followed his example, floating belly-down with open eyes. All the world of dancing glitter and dark island vanished as though he had plunged his face into a dream. Far, far below him Jupiter displayed its broad, striped disk, marred with the spreading Bright Spot where man-made silicone enzymes had stripped the hydrogen from methane for kindled fusion: a cancer and a burning infant sun. Between that sun and his eyes lay invisible a hundred thousand kilometers of space, and the temperglass shell of the satellite; hundreds of meters of illuminated water, and in it the spread body of Ignacio, dark against the light, still kicking downward, his spear a pencil line of blackness in his hand. Involuntarily Nicholas's head came up, returning to the universe of sparkling waves, aware now that what he had called "night" was only the shadow cast by Dr. Island when Jupiter and the Bright Spot slid beneath her. That shadow line, indetectable in air, now lay sharp across the water behind him. He took breath and plunged. Almost at once a fish darted somewhere below, and his left arm thrust the spear forward, but it was far out of reach. He swam after it, then saw another, larger, fish farther down and dove for that, passing Ignacio surfacing for air. The fish was too deep, and he had used up his oxygen; his lungs aching for air, he swam up, wanting to let go of his spear, then realizing at the last moment that he could, that it would only bob to the surface if he released it. His head broke water and he gasped, his heart thumping; water struck his face and he knew again, suddenly, as though they had ceased to exist while he was gone, the pulse beat pounding of the waves. Ignacio was waiting for him. He shouted, "This time you will come with Ignacio, and he will show you the dead sea god. Then we will fish." Unable to speak, Nicholas nodded. He was allowed three more breaths; then Ignacio dove and Nicholas had to follow, kicking down until the pressure sang in his ears. Then through blue water he saw, looming at the edge of the light, a huge mass of metal anchored to the temperglass hull of the satellite itself; above it, hanging lifelessly like the stem of a great vine severed from the root, a cable twice as thick as a man's body; and on the bottom, sprawled beside the mighty anchor, a legged god that might have been a dead insect save that it was at least six meters long. Ignacio turned and looked back at 致 谢 Nicholas to see if he understood; he did not, but he nodded, and with the strength draining from his arms, surfaced again. After Ignacio brought up the first fish, they took turns on the surface guarding their catch, and while the Bright Spot crept beneath the shelving rim of Dr. Island, they speared two more, one of them quite large. Then when Nicholas was so exhausted he could scarcely lift his arms, they made their way back to shore, and Ignacio showed him how to gut the fish with a thorn and the edge of a shell, and reclose them and pack them in mud and leaves to be roasted by the fire. After Ignacio had begun to eat the largest fish, Nicholas timidly drew out the smallest, and ate for the first time since coming to Dr. Island. Only when he had finished did he remember Diane. He did not dare to take the last fish to her, but he looked covertly at Ignacio, and began edging away from the fire. The Brazilian seemed not to have noticed him. When he was well into the shadows he stood, backed a few steps, then-slowly, as his instincts warned him-walked away, not beginning to trot until the distance between them was nearly a hundred meters. He found Diane sitting apathetic and silent at the margin of the cold pool, and had some difficulty persuading her to stand. At last he lifted her, his hands under her arms pressing against her thin ribs. Once on her feet she stood steadily enough, and followed him when he took her by the hand. He talked to her, knowing that although she gave no sign of hearing she heard him, and that the right words might wake her to response. "We went fishing-Ignacio showed me how. And he's got a fire, Diane, he got it from a kind of robot that was supposed to be fixing one of the cables that holds Dr. Island, I don't know how. Anyway, listen, we caught three big fish, and I ate one and Ignacio ate a great big one, and I don't think he'd mind if you had the other one, only say, `Yes, Patrdo,' and `No, Patrdo,' to him-he likes that, and he's only used to machines. You don't have to smile at him or anything-just look at the fire, that's what I do, just look at the fire." To Ignacio, perhaps wisely, he at first said nothing at all, leading Diane to the place where he had been sitting himself a few minutes before and placing some scraps from his fish in her lap. When she did not eat he found a sliver of the tender, roasted flesh and thrust it into her mouth. Ignacio said, "Ignacio believed that one dead," and Nicholas answered, "No, Patrdo." "There is another fish. Give it to her." Nicholas did, raking the gob of baked mud from the coals to crack with the heel of his hand, and peeling the broken and steaming fillets from the skin and bones to give to her when they had cooled enough to eat; after the fish had lain in her mouth for perhaps half a minute she began to chew and swallow, and after the third mouthful she fed herself, though without looking at either of them. :'Ignacio believed that one dead," Ignacio said again. "No, Patrao," Nicholas answered, and then added, "Like you can see, she's alive." "She is a pretty creature, with the firelight on her face-no?" "Yes, Patrao, very pretty." "But too thin." Ignacio moved around the fire until ` he was sitting almost beside Diane, then reached for the fish Nicholas had given her. Her hands closed on it, though she still did not look at him. "You see, she knows us after all," Ignacio said. "We s are not ghosts." Nicholas whispered urgently, "Let him have it." Slowly Diane's fingers relaxed, but Ignacio did not a take the fish. "I was only joking, little one," he said. 4 "And I think not such a good joke after all." Then when she did not reply, he turned away from her, his eyes reaching out across the dark, tossing water for something Nicholas could not see. "She likes you, Patrao," Nicholas said. The words were like swallowing filth, but he thought of the bird ready to tear through Diane's skin, and Maya's blood soaking in little round dots into the white cloth, and continued. "She is only shy. It is better that way." "You. What do you know?" Her head moved a fraction of a centimeter. 致 谢 Once he was out of sight of the fire, one part of the beach was as good to sleep on as another; he wished he had taken a piece of wood from the fire to start one of his own and tried to cover his legs with sand to keep off the cool wind, but the sand fell away whenever he moved, and his legs and his left hand moved without volition on his part. The surf, lapping at the rippled shore, said, "That was well done, Nicholas." "I can feel you move," Nicholas said. "I don't think I ever could before except when I was high up." "I doubt that you can now; my roll is less than one one-hundredth of a degree." "Yes, I can. You wanted me to do that, didn't -you? About Ignacio." "Do you know what the Harlow effect is, Nicholas?" Nicholas shook his head. "About a hundred years ago Dr. Harlow experimented with monkeys who had been raised in complete isolation-no mothers, no other monkeys at all." "Lucky monkeys." "When the monkeys were mature he put them into cages with normal ones; they fought with any that came near them, and sometimes they killed them." "Psychologists always put things in cages; did he ever think of turning them loose in the jungle instead?" "No, Nicholas, though we have . . . Aren't you going to say anything?" "I guess not." "Dr. Harlow tried, you see, to get the isolate monkeys to breed-sex is the primary social function-but they wouldn't. Whenever another monkey of either sex approached they displayed aggressiveness, which the other monkeys returned. He cured them finally by introducing immature monkeys-monkey children-in place of the mature, socialized ones. These needed the isolate adults so badly that they kept on making approaches no matter how often or how violently they were rejected, and in the end they were accepted, and the isolates socialized. It's interesting to note that the founder of Christianity seems to have had an intuitive grasp of the principle-but it was almost two thousand years before it was demonstrated scientifically." "I don't think it worked here," Nicholas said. "It was more complicated than that." "Human beings are complicated monkeys, Nicholas." "That's about the first time I ever heard you make a joke. You like not being human, don't you?" "Of course. Wouldn't you?" "I always thought I would, but now I'm not sure. You said that to help me, didn't you? I don't like that." A wave higher than the others splashed chill foam over Nicholas's legs, and for a moment he wondered if this were Dr. Island's reply. Half a minute later another wave wet him, and another, and he moved farther up the beach to avoid them. The wind was stronger, but he slept despite it, and was awakened only for a moment by a flash of light from the direction from, which he had come; he tried to guess what might have caused it, thought of Diane and Ignacio throwing the burning sticks into the air to see the arcs of fire, smiled -too sleepy now to be angry-and slept again. Morning came cold and sullen; Nicholas ran up and down the beach, rubbing himself with his hands. A thin rain, or spume (it was hard to tell which), was blowing in the wind, clouding the light to gray radiance. He wondered if Diane and Ignacio would mind if he came back now and decided to wait, then thought of fishing so that he would have something to bring ` when he came; but the sea was very cold and the waves so high they tumbled him, wrenching his bamboo spear from his hand. Ignacio found him dripping with water, sitting with his back to a palm trunk and staring out toward the lifting curve of the sea. "Hello, you," Ignacio said. "Good morning, Patrdo." Ignacio sat down. "What is your name? You told me, I think, when we first met, but I have forgotten. I am sorry." "Nicholas:" "Yes." "Patrao, I am very cold. Would it be possible for us to go to your fire?" "My name is Ignacio; call me that." Nicholas nodded, frightened. 致 谢 "But we cannot go to my fire, because the fire is out." "Can't you make another one, Patrao?" "You do not trust me, do you? I do not blame you. No, I cannot make another-you may use what I had, if you wish, and make one after I have gone. I came only to say good-bye." "You're leaving?" nother fire, but I don't even know what it is." Dr. Island did not answer. Nicholas got up and began to walk back to where the fire had been, thinking about Diane and wondering if she was hungry; he was hungry himself. He found her beside the dead fire. Her chest had been burned away, and lying close by, near the hole in the sand where Ignacio must have kept it hidden, was a bulky nuclear welder. The power pack was too heavy for Nicholas to lift, but he picked up the welding gun on its short cord and touched the trigger, producing a two-meter plasma discharge, which he played along the sand until Diane's body was ash. By the time he had finished the wind was whipping the palms and sending stinging rain into his eyes, but he collected a supply of wood and built another fire, bigger and bigger until it roared like a forge in the wind. "He killed her!" he shouted to the waves. "YES." Dr. Island's voice was big and wild. "You said he was better." "HE Is," howled the wind. "YOU KILLED THE MONKEY THAT WANTED TO PLAY WITH YOU, NICHOLAS-AS I BELIEVED IGNACIO WOULD EVENTUALLY KILL YOU, WHO ARE SO EASILY HATED, SO DIFFERENT FROM WHAT IT IS THOUGHT A BOY SHOULD BE. BUT KILLING THE MONKEY HELPED YOU, REMEMBER MADE YOU BETTER. IGNACIO WAS FRIGHTENED BY WOMEN; NOW HE KNOWS THAT THEY ARE REALLY VERY WEAK, AND HE HAS ACTED UPON CERTAIN FANTASIES AND FINDS THEM BITTER." "You're rocking," Nicholas said. "Am I doing that?" "YOUR THOUGHT."