网络亚文化折射现象浅析

网络亚文化折射现象浅析 ——对春哥、凤姐等网络亚文化热潮的研究 姜晶晶 陈婧 刘杨 摘要:网络亚文化的发展层出不穷，大有愈演愈烈之势。对在网民中占极大比例的18,35岁的青年产生了极大的影响，继而产生一系列的社会变化。本文主要从互联网中寻求资料，并深入调查研究网络亚文化的形成与热潮，在此基础上，借用经济学、传播学、社会学等理论，对网络亚文化的内容进行 分析 定性数据统计分析pdf销售业绩分析模板建筑结构震害分析销售进度分析表京东商城竞争战略分析 归纳总结。并在一定程度上，着重研究春哥、凤姐等当今网络亚文化热潮，剖析问题本质，分析其折射出的社会价值观及其社会影响。 关键字:网络亚文化 春哥 凤姐 社会价值观 社会影响 一、 引言 1网络亚文化概述 ? 网络亚文化是一种有别于网络主流文化，体现着独特的审美观和价值观的网络流行文化，具有极强的渗透力和影响力。它与主流文化呈着既共存，又冲突的胶着状态，并直接或间接对一些人的行为特征、价值取向、道德观念产生影响，继而影响整个社会。网络亚文化折射出许多值得深思的现象，我们应当公正的看待这种文化的存在性，解析其积极效应与消极效应，透过网络亚文化看待由它产生的经济、文化等产业链，以及对人们生活的影响。 2国内网络亚文化的起源和研究背景 ? 20世纪90年代中期以周星驰所主演的“无厘头”电影 ，如《大话西游》等影片，因具有反经典、搞怪等特性，引起了国内国内研究者对亚文化的关注。2005年，胡戈的《一个馒头引发的血案》以及“后舍男生”在网络上热播后迅速引起了强烈的反响，亚文化依托网络媒体所产生的传播影响力显现了它最初的震撼力。至此，网络亚文化已经初具雏形。而至如今，网络亚文化已经形成一股股潮流，冲击着人们的视野。 2010年1月15日，中国互联网络信息中心(CNNIC)在京发布了《第25次中国互联网络发展状况统计报告》(以下简称《报告》)。《报告》数据显示，截至2009年12月，我国网民规模已达3.84亿，互联网普及率进一步提升，达到28.9%。受3G业务开展的影响，我国手机网民数量迅速增长，规模已达2.33亿人，占整体网民的60.8%。而正是这接近4亿的人口在创作、传播、接受、分享着网络亚文化，并把它带入了生活，所以它的影响任何人都不应小觑。在此庞大的基数人群下，也带动了一系列产业的发展。网络亚文化也昭示着越来越宽泛的商业运作。 3关于网络亚文化的探讨研究 ? 中国的网络亚文化在新媒介语境中已经渐成气候并对主流文化、大众文化等产生了令人震撼的影响力。国内对于网络亚文化的研究一直持续着，并且引发了一场场论战。有赞成也有驳斥，对于网络亚文化的孰是孰非，难以一言断之。通过研究发现，国内大抵从三方面视角观察网络亚文化。一、对于网络文化事件的emotionalBecause of the guerrilla forces in the surrounding area have been withdrawn, activities in the Lake's Cheng Wanjun also refuge in Japanese, Zhu Xi forces became the puppet to attack key targets Eve puppet attacking in Wuzhen, face the problem of the retreat was to meet the enemy, in a debate within the leadership, some believe that the elves, concentrate a superior force, surely do, early transfer is the best way to reduce losses. Deputy Commander Wang Hesong impassioned statement: "Wuzhen hold, is our military's duty!" I have win a series of victories, morale, Wuzhen battle to victory, fight this battle, a Chinese miracle in the history of guerrilla warfare."Commander Zhu Xi did not have much, but the final word. On November 5, we flew over the town for several days, bomb bursts, trembling moan tranquil town in the war. People have the feeling of a catastrophe in the town. 6th reconnaissance around the command personnel brought an urgent intelligence, town-wide panic, in the face of news of the Japanese attack town, to avoid the scourge of war, the majority of people young and old fled to the countryside in the town. Also hard to find a boat in the river. Past the bustling town just seems a deserted and desolate. 7th day in implementing low-level flights over the town, fired. That night, the Elves attack Wuzhen confirmed information. Night, bursts of gunfire coming from the distance, reportedly is Deputy Commander Wang Hesong Xu Miao came Nanxun sniper assault of the Elves. 8th, the situation is more severe in the town. One afternoon, outside East Gate and South Gate there was intense gunfire. Enemy attacks by frustrated independent battalion confronted Chen qi. At this time, the command ... 11th, as Commander of Zhu Xi-Kai Wen Yongzhi, Director of 热评;二、对网络文化产品的研究;三、对网络亚文化单一视域的侧重研究。而通过研究网络亚文化，从中深入剖析，阐述网络亚文化对社会价值观的影响 以及其中所蕴含的经济、传媒、伦理等各种因素。 二、研究对象与研究方法 1研究对象 ? 主要研究春哥、凤姐等当今社会热潮现象，从中挖掘网络亚文化的共性。春哥，凤姐，如今已成为网络亚文化中点击率最高的名词。从这种文化现状，我们更容易捕捉到网络亚文化折射出的现象，加以分析比较，得出结论。 2研究方法 ? 本文主要资料来源于网络，这也同样说明网络传播的便捷性与时效性。从网络各种资料着手纪录、删选、分析，寻求异同点。同时也邀请部分大学生发表对网络亚文化的看法，并对他们进行深度访谈，探寻该文化对当今大学生的影响。 三、 网络亚文化现状 网络亚文化的基础是开放，它的核心在于分享，它的价值在于精炼浓缩，无需触及灵魂，却又简单明了，直接，大胆，令人躲避不及。就像法国思想家保尔?利科说:“在技术时代，责任延伸到我们的能力在空间与时间，在生命的深处所能及的远处。”网络亚文化很容易被人们吸收。现在我们主要以春哥、凤姐为研究对象。 1春哥、凤姐的产生 ? 春哥 “春哥”何时起源已无从考证，网友们较为认可的说法是:李宇春小名“春哥”，此小名便跟着李宇春在“超女”比赛中的晋级迅速走红。正式的媒体也开始引用“春哥”概念。 “超女”夺冠后李宇春名声大震:代言神州电脑，荣登《时代》杂志封面，被评为中国最美的女人之一。在李宇春蹿红的争议声中，“春哥”二字频繁出现在各大论坛，恶搞渐长，直至引发“玉米”粉丝和恶搞者在百度贴吧的口水战。 事态转折发生在5.12地震后，李宇春前往灾玉米博爱卫生站，被某位医生亲切喊为”春哥“。自此，恶搞李宇春的段子、图片、视频便一发而不可收拾。2008年11月，百度贴吧爆发大规模爆吧，现在最为流行的“信春哥，得永生”“春哥，纯爷儿们”便在那时创作出来。自此“春哥”一名词名动天下。 凤姐 凤姐，本名罗玉凤，一名25岁、身高1.46米的女孩，先后在网上、现实中发起了两次征婚，开出条件则非常苛刻:必须为清华北大硕士、身高1.76米到1.83米。去年11月底，罗玉凤甚至现身上海陆家嘴附近发传单征婚，当时重庆媒体对此作了报道，但是她并没有在网上红起来。 今年1月27日，罗玉凤亮相“江苏卫视”之后，在网上顿时大红大紫。面对镜头，罗玉凤称自己是綦江赶水镇人，在綦江县师范学校获得中师文凭，在重emotionalBecause of the guerrilla forces in the surrounding area have been withdrawn, activities in the Lake's Cheng Wanjun also refuge in Japanese, Zhu Xi forces became the puppet to attack key targets Eve puppet attacking in Wuzhen, face the problem of the retreat was to meet the enemy, in a debate within the leadership, some believe that the elves, concentrate a superior force, surely do, early transfer is the best way to reduce losses. Deputy Commander Wang Hesong impassioned statement: "Wuzhen hold, is our military's duty!" I have win a series of victories, morale, Wuzhen battle to victory, fight this battle, a Chinese miracle in the history of guerrilla warfare."Commander Zhu Xi did not have much, but the final word. On November 5, we flew over the town for several days, bomb bursts, trembling moan tranquil town in the war. People have the feeling of a catastrophe in the town. 6th reconnaissance around the command personnel brought an urgent intelligence, town-wide panic, in the face of news of the Japanese attack town, to avoid the scourge of war, the majority of people young and old fled to the countryside in the town. Also hard to find a boat in the river. Past the bustling town just seems a deserted and desolate. 7th day in implementing low-level flights over the town, fired. That night, the Elves attack Wuzhen confirmed information. Night, bursts of gunfire coming from the distance, reportedly is Deputy Commander Wang Hesong Xu Miao came Nanxun sniper assault of the Elves. 8th, the situation is more severe in the town. One afternoon, outside East Gate and South Gate there was intense gunfire. Enemy attacks by frustrated independent battalion confronted Chen qi. At this time, the command ... 11th, as Commander of Zhu Xi-Kai Wen Yongzhi, Director of 庆教育学院获得汉语言文学专业大专文凭，目前，在上海一家超市做收银员，月收入约千余元。 2春哥、凤姐的影响 ? 春哥的影响直接产生了“春哥教”这一网络组织，“信春哥，不挂科”流行语，以及其它一系列创作。其中四川某大学江安校区21舍1单元2楼某寝室客厅的墙壁上挂着一张偌大的李宇春海报，两侧是“信春哥，不挂科”的对联，并供有香炉。 凤姐的横空出世，自然也引发了一场轩然大波，从发放征婚传单到口出雷人语录，从整容到选秀，无一不透漏着一种另类的自信。这也诞生了“信凤姐，得自信”等流行语。 3网络以及在校大学生对于春哥、凤姐等网络亚文化的评价 ? 中国人民大学法学院副教授沈致和认为，恶搞的“恶”不是恶意的意思，而是“夸张、超出常规”的意思，是种“滑稽模仿”。由于升华了原作的意义，浓缩了创作精华，依然属于创作范畴，这种创作的原动力应该宽容甚至鼓励。 网友“youbelieve”说，今天，当网络亚文化袭来，在你猝不及防时电中你某一根神经，从此为它所俘虏。当国人都能轻松一笑时，我们的文化强国之路也许不远了。 一名春哥教成员说，成为春哥教众的人，并非讨厌、也非喜欢李宇春。他们真正喜欢的是“春哥”这个概念。春哥和李宇春关系其实并不大，而是从李宇春出发，大家集体无意识地创造出了一个新人“春哥”。 另一教授声明，网络亚文化是审美退化 ，信息崇拜的产物，以感官享受代替理性思维。这是社会的退步。 在校大学生对此也发表了自己的言论。 南京审计学院09级学生高同学说，凤姐是一盏照耀这个污浊社会的明灯，也许她很荒谬，但是她很清醒，时间会证明一切。 另一石同学说，凤姐是这个社会的畸形产物，人们对她只是抱有一时的好奇。不久她就会被另一网络亚文化迅速所取代。 任何事物都具有两面性，我们应该以批判的眼光看待网络亚文化，不能一言以褒之，一言以贬之。 四、 网络亚文化折射现象 社会在不断发展进步，也产生了许多附带物。而网络亚文化也是其中产物之一。一种文化的诞生必有其存在的价值性。网络亚文化的诞生折射了形形色色的社会形态。我们从以下几方面进行分析: 1社会的容纳程度 ? 网络亚文化具有边缘性、时尚性、颠覆性和批判性等特点，社会很容易接受网络亚文化。而这种文化诞生至今，引发了许许多多的争论。社会的容纳呈现了两极分化，这种热潮也推动着一波又一波网络亚文化的形成和衰落。 对网络亚文化表示宽容的原因，一是网络亚文化为人们接受主流文化熏陶提供新的载体。二是网络亚文化为人们健康成长提供新的发展平台。三是网络亚文化为人们个性化发展提供更广阔的空间。四是网络亚文化为人们培养创新意识提emotionalBecause of the guerrilla forces in the surrounding area have been withdrawn, activities in the Lake's Cheng Wanjun also refuge in Japanese, Zhu Xi forces became the puppet to attack key targets Eve puppet attacking in Wuzhen, face the problem of the retreat was to meet the enemy, in a debate within the leadership, some believe that the elves, concentrate a superior force, surely do, early transfer is the best way to reduce losses. Deputy Commander Wang Hesong impassioned statement: "Wuzhen hold, is our military's duty!" I have win a series of victories, morale, Wuzhen battle to victory, fight this battle, a Chinese miracle in the history of guerrilla warfare."Commander Zhu Xi did not have much, but the final word. On November 5, we flew over the town for several days, bomb bursts, trembling moan tranquil town in the war. People have the feeling of a catastrophe in the town. 6th reconnaissance around the command personnel brought an urgent intelligence, town-wide panic, in the face of news of the Japanese attack town, to avoid the scourge of war, the majority of people young and old fled to the countryside in the town. Also hard to find a boat in the river. Past the bustling town just seems a deserted and desolate. 7th day in implementing low-level flights over the town, fired. That night, the Elves attack Wuzhen confirmed information. Night, bursts of gunfire coming from the distance, reportedly is Deputy Commander Wang Hesong Xu Miao came Nanxun sniper assault of the Elves. 8th, the situation is more severe in the town. One afternoon, outside East Gate and South Gate there was intense gunfire. Enemy attacks by frustrated independent battalion confronted Chen qi. At this time, the command ... 11th, as Commander of Zhu Xi-Kai Wen Yongzhi, Director of 供有效途径。 而驳斥网络亚文化的原因，一是网络亚文化易于使人们背离主流价值观。二是网络亚文化导致未成年人抵制成年人文化。三是网络亚文化凸显人们信息素养教育的缺失。四是网络亚文化诱发一些违法犯罪行为的产生。 终观于此，是社会浮躁，还是我们这一网络群体浮躁, 社会的反应呈现在我们的面前实际上是一种压力，网络亚文化给这压力注入了一点活力，缓解了人们的疲劳。只是文化的发展未必尽如人意，认为这是噱头，人们空虚的体现。 2网络亚文化的传播 ? 网络亚文化的传播得助于网络以及媒体的推波助澜，其中我们着重研究媒体。 媒体在网络亚文化传播中起到了举足轻重的地位，每一次媒体对准某一网络亚文化，总是大写特写，进行所谓的曝光，而忽视了其存在的价值性。而且在此同时他们也不得不放弃了其他有效素材。 但这个社会需要八卦，需要网络亚文化这个调剂。三联的主笔王小峰在文章中提过，也许所有以鄙夷的姿态看待八卦的人，其实心里都需要八卦，只不过需要的那个八卦还没出现而已。 3网络亚文化的经济效益 ? 一场场文化背后总有幕后推手，“贾君鹏”是魔兽公司和网络推手机构幕后共同操作的结果，“凤姐”是某科技工程公司和某网站运营筹划„„一系列的网络亚文化产生“网络推手”这一新兴职业。市场的营销操作以及后期经济的发展，这一切也构成了一条经济产业链。 从推销一项网络亚文化需要很大的人力，但所需要的成本还是极低的，只需要在网络大肆炒作一番即可。网络亚文化的当事人又可以成为新的经济利益体，通过包装，再次推出，赢得群体从众效应，从而达到取得经济效益的目的。 无论如何有一点必须肯定，网络亚文化不仅提供了新的创业前景以及就业岗位，而且还带动经济的发展。 五、 结束语 互联网与我们生活息息相关，我们改变它的同时，自己也在受它的影响。网络亚文化已成为网络不可或缺的一部分。 人们通常是借助使用媒介这一活动来实现所谓的仪式性抵抗，媒介即信息符号的载体，而互联网无疑是如今信息量最丰富的媒介。借助网络的力量，网络亚文化的形成和传播形成了迥异于传统媒体格局时代的特征和特质。网络为这种文化提供了最好的平台。一方面，由于网络的开放性、即时性和互动性，网络群体可以迅速挖掘或创造新的网络亚文化;另一方面,网络的虚拟承诺给大众更多的话语权，也造就了一群人的激进，表示对这个社会的抵抗。在整个网络，任何人可以发出自己想要表达的话语，而且可以寻求志同道合的人，当然也会引起其他emotionalBecause of the guerrilla forces in the surrounding area have been withdrawn, activities in the Lake's Cheng Wanjun also refuge in Japanese, Zhu Xi forces became the puppet to attack key targets Eve puppet attacking in Wuzhen, face the problem of the retreat was to meet the enemy, in a debate within the leadership, some believe that the elves, concentrate a superior force, surely do, early transfer is the best way to reduce losses. Deputy Commander Wang Hesong impassioned statement: "Wuzhen hold, is our military's duty!" I have win a series of victories, morale, Wuzhen battle to victory, fight this battle, a Chinese miracle in the history of guerrilla warfare."Commander Zhu Xi did not have much, but the final word. On November 5, we flew over the town for several days, bomb bursts, trembling moan tranquil town in the war. People have the feeling of a catastrophe in the town. 6th reconnaissance around the command personnel brought an urgent intelligence, town-wide panic, in the face of news of the Japanese attack town, to avoid the scourge of war, the majority of people young and old fled to the countryside in the town. Also hard to find a boat in the river. Past the bustling town just seems a deserted and desolate. 7th day in implementing low-level flights over the town, fired. That night, the Elves attack Wuzhen confirmed information. Night, bursts of gunfire coming from the distance, reportedly is Deputy Commander Wang Hesong Xu Miao came Nanxun sniper assault of the Elves. 8th, the situation is more severe in the town. One afternoon, outside East Gate and South Gate there was intense gunfire. Enemy attacks by frustrated independent battalion confronted Chen qi. At this time, the command ... 11th, as Commander of Zhu Xi-Kai Wen Yongzhi, Director of 人的排斥，但他们所支付的成本却是低廉。 网络亚文化的喧嚣，也代表着一种展示自我的体现。当然这体现自我的背后也隐藏着炒作。 本文的研究通过对网络亚文化的透视分析，探寻隐藏在其背后的潜在意义。明晰网络亚文化的存在。 当然，就目前成果而言，本研究尚存不足。但从经济分析网络亚文化，国内寥寥数几而已，这是对网络亚文化的开拓。 网络亚文化是社会的历史必然产物，也是一个国家的软实力。我们应当有效的引导它的发展，造福群众。正如2010年上海世博会主题，我们所希望的是，网络，让生活更美好。 注释: 1?中国互联网络信息中心(CNNIC)，《第25次中国互联网络发展状况统计报告》 2?《网络青年亚文化传播路径研究报告——基于江苏21所高校的调查》，征 鹏、孙 艳、浦颖娟，苏州大学 3?《乌合之众—大众心理研究》，[法]古斯塔夫?勒庞 由于资料冗杂，其他一些相关资料，编者一时未曾理清，如有需要，请告知编者。在此向资料的提供者表示感谢。 emotionalBecause of the guerrilla forces in the surrounding area have been withdrawn, activities in the Lake's Cheng Wanjun also refuge in Japanese, Zhu Xi forces became the puppet to attack key targets Eve puppet attacking in Wuzhen, face the problem of the retreat was to meet the enemy, in a debate within the leadership, some believe that the elves, concentrate a superior force, surely do, early transfer is the best way to reduce losses. Deputy Commander Wang Hesong impassioned statement: "Wuzhen hold, is our military's duty!" I have win a series of victories, morale, Wuzhen battle to victory, fight this battle, a Chinese miracle in the history of guerrilla warfare."Commander Zhu Xi did not have much, but the final word. On November 5, we flew over the town for several days, bomb bursts, trembling moan tranquil town in the war. People have the feeling of a catastrophe in the town. 6th reconnaissance around the command personnel brought an urgent intelligence, town-wide panic, in the face of news of the Japanese attack town, to avoid the scourge of war, the majority of people young and old fled to the countryside in the town. Also hard to find a boat in the river. Past the bustling town just seems a deserted and desolate. 7th day in implementing low-level flights over the town, fired. That night, the Elves attack Wuzhen confirmed information. Night, bursts of gunfire coming from the distance, reportedly is Deputy Commander Wang Hesong Xu Miao came Nanxun sniper assault of the Elves. 8th, the situation is more severe in the town. One afternoon, outside East Gate and South Gate there was intense gunfire. Enemy attacks by frustrated independent battalion confronted Chen qi. At this time, the command ... 11th, as Commander of Zhu Xi-Kai Wen Yongzhi, Director of