主动句变被动句.doc
主动句变被动句
被动语态由“be+done”构成。不同时态的被动语态的差异主要体现在助动词
be的变化上，同时be还要在人称和数上与主语保持一致。
在将主动语态变为被动语态时，可按以下三个步骤:
a.把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
b.把谓语变成被动结构(be，done) ，并根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数以及原
来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式。
c.把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。在无须
说明
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动作的
执行者或只强调动作的承受者时，by短语可以省略。例如:
1. We speak Chinese. ?Chinese is spoken by us.
2. All the people laughed at him. ?He was laughed at by all people.
3. They make the bikes in the factory. ?The bikes are made by them in the factory.
含有双宾语的主动句改为被动句时，应将其中一个宾语改为被动结构的主语，另一个宾
语仍保留在原处。一种情况是把间接宾语(指人)变为主语，直接宾语(指物)不变;另一种情况是
把直接宾语(指物)变为主语，间接宾语(指人)不变，这时,间接宾语前通常加介词to，有时加for。
例如:
My father gave me a new book on my birthday.
?I was given a new book (by my father) on my birthday. (间接宾语作了主语)
?A new book was given to me (by my father) on my birthday. (直接宾语作了主语)
常跟双宾语的动词有:give sb. sth. / give sth. to sb. show sb. sth. / show sth. to sb.
send sb. sth. / send sth. to sb. bring sb. sth. / bring sth. to sb.
pass sb. sth. / pass sth. to sb. lend sb. sth. / lend sth. to sb.
buy sb. sth. / buy sth. for sb. make sb. sth. / make sth. for sb.
get sb. sth. / get sth. for sb. sing sb. sth. / sing sth. for sb.
含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词，be，done”构成，例如:
We can repair this watch in two days. ?This watch can be repaired in two days.
They should do it at once. ?It should be done at once.
含有感官动词的主动句变被动句时，原来不带to的感官动词变成被动语态后，to仍要还
原，例如: He saw a girl play in the next room. ?The girl is seen to play by him in the next room.
We hear our teacher sing in the office. ? Our teacher is heard to sing in the office.
练习: 将下列句子变为被动语态:
1. We often sing this song.
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2. He broke his leg in the match.
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3. She will sell her house soon.
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4. He is repairing the machine.
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5. He has finished his work.
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6. We call him Lao Wang.
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7. We must do something to help her.
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8. What did you say at the meeting?
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9. He gave me some old magazines.
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10. He told me to wait at the gate.
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