和谐班级视域下的大学生自主管理探析学士学位论文

和谐班级视域下的大学生自主管理探析学士学位 论文 政研论文下载论文大学下载论文大学下载关于长拳的论文浙大论文封面下载 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 目:和谐班级视域下的大学生自主管理探 析 姓 名: 学 号: 学 院: 马克思主义学院 专业/届别: 思想政治教育 指导教师: 职 称: 讲师 their own conditions to develop the correct road, the maximum to avoid investment risk, gain profit.(three) vigorously promote the brand. To establish brand awareness, awareness of the use of brand, brand value, brand acquisition performance, enhance the competitive strength. Concentrated manpower, careful planning, packaging and publicity of a number of unique, market influence and coverage of the brand, the implementation of key breakthroughs, to enhance the competitive strength, walking business road the competition of alienation and characteristics, the pursuit of stability and development of the market.(four) to promote the integration of resources. To further broaden their horizons, effective integration of resources within the group, the city resources, other industries and regional resources, mutual trust, mutual benefit, seeking win-win principle, in the framework of national policies and regulations, strict inspection and argumentation, legal consultation, examination and approval procedures, strict regulation of economic activities, attract injection the social investment to the industry group, to achieve leveraging the development, ensure that the value of state-owned assets.(five) to strengthen the construction management personnel. Strengthen the management of education and training of cadres and workers of the existing business, firmly establish the concept of the market, enhance the sense of crisis to adapt to market competition, the sense of urgency, improve the ability to respond to market competition, improve management and operation of the market. At the same time, according to the need of industrial development, vigorously the introduction of high-quality management management personnel, and strive to build a high-quality professional management team, hard work, and promote the entire workforce knowledge structure, age structure, structure optimization and upgrading ability, enhance core competitiveness, adapt to the need of market competition.(six) seriously study the policy for policy. Serious research about social support the development of cultural undertakings in the country and the XX policy, especially the policy of industrial development, financial investment policy, financial policy and tax policy, and actively seek policy, projects and funds, enterprise and industry group mission to promote leapfrog development. 牡丹江师范学院学士学位论文 摘 要 在大学生自主管理能力缺乏，社会又需要综合素质高、自主管理能力强的专业人才的背景下,高校承担着使大学生的综合素质得到塑造和提高的责任。只有和谐的环境才能造就出社会所需要的和谐发展的人。大学生自主参与班级管理，有利于促进大学生全面发展，使其更好地适应严峻的就业压力，培养良好的心理素质。参与班级事务的管理，有助于提高其责任意识及对公共事务的参与能力，塑造自由而负责任的理性公民。大学生参与自主管理有利于为社会培养创新型人才。 关键词:和谐班级;自主管理;大学生 their own conditions to develop the correct road, the maximum to avoid investment risk, gain profit.(three) vigorously promote the brand. To establish brand awareness, awareness of the use of brand, brand value, brand acquisition performance, enhance the competitive strength. Concentrated manpower, careful planning, packaging and publicity of a number of unique, market influence and coverage of the brand, the implementation of key breakthroughs, to enhance the competitive strength, walking business road the competition of alienation and characteristics, the pursuit of stability and development of the market.(four) to promote the integration of resources. To further broaden their horizons, effective integration of resources within the group, the city resources, other industries and regional resources, mutual trust, mutual benefit, seeking win-win principle, in the framework of national policies and regulations, strict inspection and argumentation, legal consultation, examination and approval procedures, strict regulation of economic activities, attract injection the social investment to the industry group, to achieve leveraging the development, ensure that the value of state-owned assets.(five) to strengthen the construction management personnel. Strengthen the management of education and training of cadres and workers of the existing business, firmly establish the concept of the market, enhance the sense of crisis to adapt to market competition, the sense of urgency, improve the ability to respond to market competition, improve management and operation of the market. At the same time, according to the need of industrial development, vigorously the introduction of high-quality management management personnel, and strive to build a high-quality professional management team, hard work, and promote the entire workforce knowledge structure, age structure, structure optimization and upgrading ability, enhance core competitiveness, adapt to the need of market competition.(six) seriously study the policy for policy. Serious research about social support the development of cultural undertakings in the country and the XX policy, especially the policy of industrial development, financial investment policy, financial policy and tax policy, and actively seek policy, projects and funds, enterprise and industry group mission to promote leapfrog development. 牡丹江师范学院学士学位论文 Abstract In college students' lack of independent management ability, society and high comprehensive quality and autonomous ability under the background of professional talents, colleges and universities to make the comprehensive quality of college students' shape and improve the responsibility. Only the harmonious environment can make out the harmonious development of the social need. College students to participate in class management, which is beneficial to promote college students' all-round development, to make it better adapt to the severe employment pressure, and to develop excellent psychological quality. Participate in class affairs management, to improve the responsibility consciousness and ability to participate in public affairs, to shape a free and responsible citizens of reason. College students to participate in the independent management is conducive to cultivating innovative talents for the society. Keywords: Harmonious class ;Independent management ;College students' their own conditions to develop the correct road, the maximum to avoid investment risk, gain profit.(three) vigorously promote the brand. To establish brand awareness, awareness of the use of brand, brand value, brand acquisition performance, enhance the competitive strength. Concentrated manpower, careful planning, packaging and publicity of a number of unique, market influence and coverage of the brand, the implementation of key breakthroughs, to enhance the competitive strength, walking business road the competition of alienation and characteristics, the pursuit of stability and development of the market.(four) to promote the integration of resources. To further broaden their horizons, effective integration of resources within the group, the city resources, other industries and regional resources, mutual trust, mutual benefit, seeking win-win principle, in the framework of national policies and regulations, strict inspection and argumentation, legal consultation, examination and approval procedures, strict regulation of economic activities, attract injection the social investment to the industry group, to achieve leveraging the development, ensure that the value of state-owned assets.(five) to strengthen the construction management personnel. Strengthen the management of education and training of cadres and workers of the existing business, firmly establish the concept of the market, enhance the sense of crisis to adapt to market competition, the sense of urgency, improve the ability to respond to market competition, improve management and operation of the market. At the same time, according to the need of industrial development, vigorously the introduction of high-quality management management personnel, and strive to build a high-quality professional management team, hard work, and promote the entire workforce knowledge structure, age structure, structure optimization and upgrading ability, enhance core competitiveness, adapt to the need of market competition.(six) seriously study the policy for policy. Serious research about social support the development of cultural undertakings in the country and the XX policy, especially the policy of industrial development, financial investment policy, financial policy and tax policy, and actively seek policy, projects and funds, enterprise and industry group mission to promote leapfrog development. 牡丹江师范学院学士学位论文 目录 引言................................................................ 1 一、高校和谐班级建设的内涵及现实必要性.............................. 1 (一)和谐班级的内涵 ............................................ 1 (二)高校和谐班级建设的重要意义 ................................ 1 1、构建和谐班级是教育发展的必然趋势.......................... 1 2、构建和谐班级是建设和谐校园的前提与基础.................... 2 3、构建和谐班级有利于培养学生的创新能力...................... 2 二、大学生自主管理是实现高校班级和谐的重要途径...................... 3 (一)大学生自主管理的内涵 ...................................... 3 (二)大学生自主管理对构建和谐班级的促进作用 .................... 3 1、有利于建设和谐人际关系.................................... 3 2、有利于建立公正有序的班级运行 机制 综治信访维稳工作机制反恐怖工作机制企业员工晋升机制公司员工晋升机制员工晋升机制图 .......................... 4 3、有利于塑造积极向上的班级文化.............................. 4 4、有利于培养积极而负责的现代公民............................ 4 三、大学生自主管理的现状及成因分析.................................. 5 (一)大学生个体自主管理现状分析 ................................ 5 1、生活自理能力差，过度依赖学校和家长........................ 5 2、学习目标不明确，职业定位不准确............................ 5 3、社会适应能力差，人际关系不和谐............................ 6 (二)大学生参与班级管理现状分析 ................................ 6 1、参与意识不强 责任意识淡薄................................. 6 2、在班级管理工作中处于被动服从的地位........................ 7 (三)大学生自主管理能力缺失的成因分析 .......................... 7 1、教育与管理理念落后，学生缺乏主人翁意识.................... 7 2、教育模式上，重视文化教育，轻视综合素质的培养.............. 7 3、家庭教育方式上父母溺爱，包办一切.......................... 8 牡丹江师范学院学士学位论文 4、大学生身心发展不成熟...................................... 8 四、改进大学生自主管理现状的对策.................................... 9 (一)转变管理理念，完善管理机制，给予学生更大的自主权 .......... 9 (二)做好学生的思想政治教育工作 ................................ 9 (三)转变家庭教育模式，有意识培养大学生自主管理能力 ............ 9 (四)加强自我教育 积极承担责任 ................................ 10 1、提高学习主动性，完善知识结构............................. 10 2、学会自我调试，增强自信心................................. 10 3、增强参与意识，强化独立意识............................... 11 结论...............................................................14 参考文献..........................................................15 1 牡丹江师范学院学士学位论文 引言 随着和谐社会理念不断渗透到大学校园里，构建高校和谐班级成为一股新的思潮，而和谐班级的建设离不开大学生的积极参与。学生自主参与班级管理建设有利于为社会培养创新型人才。虽然我国有关高校和谐班级建设与大学生自主管理的研究有很多，这些研究涉及了构建和谐班级的意义与大学生自主管理的局限性等方面，但是从大学生自主管理的载体——班级建设的角度进行的研究还不够深入。高校和谐班级建设与大学生自主管理这两方面的有机结合，可以使学生更好地参与班级管理，掌握班级管理的方法，认识自主管理班级的重要性，使大学生成为社会有用之才提供帮助，并培养合格的社会主义接班人。 牡丹江师范学院学士学位论文 一、高校和谐班级建设的内涵及现实必要性 和谐是一切事物的原则。和谐班级是学生接受知识教育的有利环境，高校和谐班级的建设对未来教育的发展趋势、和谐校园的发展、学生的创新能力有着积极的推动作用。 (一)和谐班级的内涵 班级是促进学生身心全面发展、健康成长的最重要的学习生活环境。和谐班级是指教师本着以人为本的理念和为学生服务的宗旨，采用灵活有效的教学和管 1理方法而形成的教学组织。和谐的班集体理念就是要促进班级全体同学、班级制度、班级精神等各种不同要素之间的协调有序，在班级中营造出以正义、发展、公平为特点，包含民主法制、公平正义、诚信友爱、安定有序、团结互助等各方面和谐的班集体。和谐班级建设是以班级为单位的各种教育要素的全面协调,是育人氛围的整体优化，它寻求学生的发展，着眼于以学生为本;是学校教育各子系统及各要素间的协调运转,是学生的发展与学校发展的相辅相成、是教与学相长、 是育人环境与人文环境的共融、是学生自身协调发展的整体效应。(二)高校和谐班级建设的重要意义 高校和谐班级建设顺应了现代教育管理发展的潮流,体现了现代班级管理发展趋势,能够满足学生整体发展的需要、促进教师专业发展,同时,还有利于提升现行高校班级管理的质量和有效度,促进学生全面发展及和谐学校建设。 1.构建和谐班级是教育发展的必然趋势 和谐是一种无形的力量，教师对学生的教育，只有在和谐的氛围下，才能使学生接受，我们的教育才真正起作用。虽然和谐班级建设赋予教师工作新的内涵和工作着力点，但是高校教育教学形式和内容的特殊性，决定了高校班级设置的特殊地位与功能。所以在高校开展大学生自主管理成为必然趋势。高校充分保障 1 学生的主体地位，努力构建和谐班级、和谐校园，促进学生的身心全面发展。这也是未来教育发展的必然趋势。 2.构建和谐班级是建设和谐校园的前提与基础 社会和谐是中国特色社会主义的本质属性，我们要积极构建和谐的社会主义社会就要不断提高建设社会主义和谐社会的能力。而社会的和谐发展与教育和人的和谐发展是一个统一的整体，只有和谐的教育才能创造出社会所需要的人才，从而促进整个社会的和谐与发展。而和谐的教育又要在和谐的校园中实现，和谐班集体可以为此提供强有力的保障。 3.构建和谐班级有利于培养学生的创新能力 班级是一个不断变化的“小社会”。在这个“小社会”中，学生普遍存在个人意识强;集体观念弱;参与意识强;融合观念弱;进步意识强;责任观念弱的特点。和谐的班集体可以营造和谐的集体活动氛围，使学生的发展提升到一个新境界。在活动中能陶冶学生情操，促进学生身心的全面发展;激发学生的上进心，培养学生的创新能力，从而最大限度地减轻学习压力。学生可以充分感受到集体的温暖和成长的快乐。 of economic activities, attract injection the social investment to the industry group, to achieve leveraging the development,regulations, strict inspection and argumentation, legal consultation, examination and approval procedures, strict regulation win principle, in the framework of national policies and -ustries and regional resources, mutual trust, mutual benefit, seeking winources. To further broaden their horizons, effective integration of resources within the group, the city resources, other indf resof alienation and characteristics, the pursuit of stability and development of the market.(four) to promote the integration o he brand, the implementation of key breakthroughs, to enhance the competitive strength, walking business road the competitione of ttrength. Concentrated manpower, careful planning, packaging and publicity of a number of unique, market influence and coveragtablish brand awareness, awareness of the use of brand, brand value, brand acquisition performance, enhance the competitive se the brand. To estheir own conditions to develop the correct road, the maximum to avoid investment risk, gain profit.(three) vigorously promot2terprise and industry group mission to promote leapfrog development.l development, financial investment policy, financial policy and tax policy, and actively seek policy, projects and funds, enstriaabout social support the development of cultural undertakings in the country and the XX policy, especially the policy of indu e core competitiveness, adapt to the need of market competition.(six) seriously study the policy for policy. Serious researchre optimization and upgrading ability, enhancquality professional management team, hard work, and promote the entire workforce knowledge structure, age structure, structu-quality management management personnel, and strive to build a high-roduction of highhe intprove management and operation of the market. At the same time, according to the need of industrial development, vigorously tense of crisis to adapt to market competition, the sense of urgency, improve the ability to respond to market competition, imof cadres and workers of the existing business, firmly establish the concept of the market, enhance the sowned assets.(five) to strengthen the construction management personnel. Strengthen the management of education and training -e that the value of stateensur 牡丹江师范学院学士学位论文 二、大学生自主管理是实现高校班级和谐的重要途径 大学生自主管理是高校学生管理工作的重要组成部分，它与高校的教 学 管理制度 档案管理制度下载食品安全管理制度下载三类维修管理制度下载财务管理制度免费下载安全设施管理制度下载 密切结合，相辅相成。大学生参与班级的管理对建设和谐班级起着重要的作用。 (一)大学生自主管理的内涵 大学生自主管理包含两层含义:一层含义是学生个体的自主管理，也就是个体学生自己管理自己，另一层含义是学生作为管理的主体，参与学校的某些管理 3工作和组织工作。和谐班级建设中的大学生自主管理，是说大学生要管理好自己的时间，金钱等。让学生自己管理自己的班级，可以充分发挥学生的主动性与创造性、进而全面提高学生的素质、推动班级人际关系的和谐。 (二)大学生自主管理对构建和谐班级的促进作用 要创建一个和谐的班级，需要大学生充分的参与，大学生自己管理自己的班级有利于建设和谐的人际关系、建立公正有序的班级运行机制、塑造积极向上的班级文化、培养积极而负责的现代公民。 1.有利于建设和谐人际关系 有了和谐的班级环境，也就为建设和谐的人际关系打造了一个良好的基础。和谐的师生关系是和谐班级的保障。师生之间应相互信任、相互理解、相互尊重。4教师应致力于为学生创造一个和谐的集体环境，充分发掘大学生的自主管理能力。大学生自主管理班级能加强同学之间的理解和沟通,有利于营造互相理解、互相支持、团结向上、积极进取的良好班风和互助氛围，是促进大学生和谐人际关系的基础。 3 2.有利于建立公正有序的班级运行机制 要想充分发挥学生的自主管理能力，首先要为学生创造一个宽松、民主、上进、和谐的班级氛围。在和谐的班级体中，大学生自主参与班级的管理、自己设计、自主安排，使学生在对班级事务的参与中获得成就感、使命感。学生自己管理自己的小集体，对于学生来说大大提升了主人翁意识，对于班级的公正有序运行起到促进作用。学生的权利得到有效的维护，自主管理班级使班级决策更加科学与民主，学生们更愿意遵守自己制定的班级规定，使班级管理能够实现良性运行。 3.有利于塑造积极向上的班级文化 建设和谐班级就是要针对班级的具体情况，积极创造富有特色的和谐班级文化，从而满足学生发展的需求。大学生自主管理班级，有利于培养学生强烈的责任感、乐于助人的精神风貌，学生与老师是亦师亦友的和谐关系可以创造良好的学习氛围，而良好的学习氛围有利于塑造积极向上的班级文化。所以让学生充分发挥主体作用是非常重要的。 4.有利于培养积极而负责的现代公民 社会发展要求大学生不仅要有扎实的专业理论知识，并有很强的组织和协调能力、管理能力、实践能力、语言表达能力、沟通能力及融洽的人际关系等，还应具有强烈的责任意识、创新精神、崇高的道德品质和正确的理想信念。现如今的大学生自尊自立自主的意识增强，大学生进行自主管理班级是学校教育适应现代社会对人才培养的重要要求，可以增强学生的集体意识，促进学生个性心理健康发展。在自主管理中充分体现自己的人生价值，能更好地为国家培养一批又一批积极而负责的现代公民。 of economic activities, attract injection the social investment to the industry group, to achieve leveraging the development,regulations, strict inspection and argumentation, legal consultation, examination and approval procedures, strict regulation win principle, in the framework of national policies and -ustries and regional resources, mutual trust, mutual benefit, seeking winources. To further broaden their horizons, effective integration of resources within the group, the city resources, other indf resof alienation and characteristics, the pursuit of stability and development of the market.(four) to promote the integration o he brand, the implementation of key breakthroughs, to enhance the competitive strength, walking business road the competitione of ttrength. Concentrated manpower, careful planning, packaging and publicity of a number of unique, market influence and coveragtablish brand awareness, awareness of the use of brand, brand value, brand acquisition performance, enhance the competitive se the brand. To estheir own conditions to develop the correct road, the maximum to avoid investment risk, gain profit.(three) vigorously promot4terprise and industry group mission to promote leapfrog development.l development, financial investment policy, financial policy and tax policy, and actively seek policy, projects and funds, enstriaabout social support the development of cultural undertakings in the country and the XX policy, especially the policy of indu e core competitiveness, adapt to the need of market competition.(six) seriously study the policy for policy. Serious researchre optimization and upgrading ability, enhancquality professional management team, hard work, and promote the entire workforce knowledge structure, age structure, structu-quality management management personnel, and strive to build a high-roduction of highhe intprove management and operation of the market. At the same time, according to the need of industrial development, vigorously tense of crisis to adapt to market competition, the sense of urgency, improve the ability to respond to market competition, imof cadres and workers of the existing business, firmly establish the concept of the market, enhance the sowned assets.(five) to strengthen the construction management personnel. Strengthen the management of education and training -e that the value of stateensur 牡丹江师范学院学士学位论文 三、大学生自主管理的现状及成因分析 目前我国多数大学生不能够有效地解决自己的生活和学习中出现的问题，有些学生在学习中仍缺乏主动性，没有学习动力，遇到问题依靠家长和老师解决。同时，在大学生参与学校管理中，由于传统体制的束缚，他们的参与权和发言权依然受到限制。 (一)大学生个体自主管理现状分析 由于多数大学生一直享受着饭来张口、衣来伸手的生活，除学习外的其它事情均由家长、老师包办，所以许多大学生面对许多本应该由自己处理或决定的事情时，却一定征求父母意见或干脆让父母出面解决。这样，就造成了大学生自主管理能力的缺失。 1.生活自理能力差，过度依赖学校和家长 当代大学生中大多数是“90 后”，在家长和老师的保护下成长，独立生活经验不足，缺乏自我管理能力，使学生进入大学校园后适应不了新的学习环境。许多大学生在大一入学报到的时候都是由家长亲自开车送到学校，一切琐事都由家长帮助完成。有的大学生自理能力差，不会洗衣服，等到放假时把脏衣服带回家让父母带洗;有的大学生在日常生活中不注意自己的个人卫生问题，宿舍的卫生也不打扫，宿舍里乱的一片狼藉;有的大学生缺少基本的生活常识，不注意自己人身的安全，在日常生活中容易轻信陌生人而上当受骗。这些都是家长与学校过度溺爱的结果，大学生生活自理能力差，过度的依赖家长和学校，对他们未来创业或工作是一个很严重的障碍。 2.学习目标不明确，职业定位不准确 人的一生很短，要想在短暂的一生中过得充实过得有意义就要在大学期间做好人生的职业规划。一个好的职业规划对大学生会起到激励与鼓励的作用，使他 5 们在学习和生活中有意识的锻炼自己的能力，明确自己的目标。韩药芳以重庆市所学校的本科生为研究对象，指出目前高校的绝大多数学生没有正确的就业指导和规划，关于找工作没有特定的概念，无法进行正确的选择，不了解自己的优势和特长，无法找到合适的工作，因而不能很有效的发挥自身作用，出现了就业不 理想的状况。 3.社会适应能力差，人际关系不和谐 进入大学后，离开了家长的庇护，大学生在日常生活中缺乏自我管理的能力，无法形成独立自主的人格。大学是一个“小社会”，在大学里大学生由于自主能力差，无法适应大学校园的生活。毕业后进入真正的社会也会是一个“残缺不全”的成员。大学生在大学期间应该学会处理与周围人的人际关系，形成自己的人际关系网，这也是以后人生发展的潜在资源。 (二)大学生参与班级管理现状分析 现在许多大学生希望作为学生干部参与到学校的管理工作中来。但也有相当一部分学生因为不具备组织协调能力，不愿担当任何职务，也就无法参与到学校的管理工作。部分学生干部在参与管理学校工作过程中，也没能承担起应该承担的责任。 1.参与意识不强 责任意识淡薄 在参与学校管理过程中，大学生还没有树立“主人翁”意识，没有真正行使自己的权利和义务。随着高校管理制度的不断改革，管理者开始逐渐把一些事务交给学生处理，例如班级干部的评选、班费的管理等。让学生自主管理班级的日常事务，进而提升他们的责任意识。然而旧的教育观念已经深入骨髓，要想改革必须要加大力度。学生与教师还受旧观念的束缚，缺乏自主管理的意识，对待班级的事物也会漠不关心，参与意识不强，责任意识也会淡薄。 ensur of economic activities, attract injection the social investment to the industry group, to achieve leveraging the development,regulations, strict inspection and argumentation, legal consultation, examination and approval procedures, strict regulation win principle, in the framework of national policies and -ustries and regional resources, mutual trust, mutual benefit, seeking winources. To further broaden their horizons, effective integration of resources within the group, the city resources, other indf resof alienation and characteristics, the pursuit of stability and development of the market.(four) to promote the integration o he brand, the implementation of key breakthroughs, to enhance the competitive strength, walking business road the competitione of ttrength. Concentrated manpower, careful planning, packaging and publicity of a number of unique, market influence and coveragtablish brand awareness, awareness of the use of brand, brand value, brand acquisition performance, enhance the competitive se the brand. To estheir own conditions to develop the correct road, the maximum to avoid investment risk, gain profit.(three) vigorously promot6terprise and industry group mission to promote leapfrog development.l development, financial investment policy, financial policy and tax policy, and actively seek policy, projects and funds, enstriaabout social support the development of cultural undertakings in the country and the XX policy, especially the policy of indu e core competitiveness, adapt to the need of market competition.(six) seriously study the policy for policy. Serious researchre optimization and upgrading ability, enhancquality professional management team, hard work, and promote the entire workforce knowledge structure, age structure, structu-quality management management personnel, and strive to build a high-roduction of highhe intprove management and operation of the market. At the same time, according to the need of industrial development, vigorously tense of crisis to adapt to market competition, the sense of urgency, improve the ability to respond to market competition, imof cadres and workers of the existing business, firmly establish the concept of the market, enhance the sowned assets.(five) to strengthen the construction management personnel. Strengthen the management of education and training -e that the value of state 牡丹江师范学院学士学位论文 2.在班级管理工作中处于被动服从的地位 6学生管理理念是指学校开展学生管理工作的指导思想。传统的管理观念已经无法适应新时期大学生培养的要求，在这种理念指导下培养的学生容易产生叛逆心理，对班级正常管理工作造成阻碍。学生在参与班级一些硬件管理方面，如教师教学质量评估、学生解困、评奖评优等涉及学生利益的问题上，学生的参与意识不强。虽然作为学生，不能在管理中发挥主导作用，但应该创造条件积极主动参与。现今学生干部的比例很高，有利于学生自主管理的全面发展。但由于一些高校的管理模式不恰当，使得一部分学生干部处于幕后的工作，学生不能充分发挥自己的主观能动性，而是被动地履行学校管理者下达的命令，这不仅不利于学生参与班级的管理，也不利于学生道德素质的提高。 (三)大学生自主管理能力缺失的成因分析 唯物辩证法认为内部矛盾是事物发展的源泉,决定着事物发展的性质和方向，而外部矛盾是事物发展的必要条件,对事物的发展起阻碍或促进的作用。大学生自主管理能力缺失的成因是符合唯物辩证法的，是内因和外因共同作用的结果。 1.教育与管理理念落后，学生缺乏主人翁意识 我国的传统的教育主要采用“灌输”教育，对待学生大多采用一种说教方式。在灌输教育的过程中大学生处于“金字塔”最底端，是被管理者，学习和生活都要听从指挥，服从管理者的安排，学生在整个过程中只起辅助作用。家长以自己的 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 来要求子女，很少考虑到激发学生自主思维，培养学生独立思考的能力。 2.教育模式上，重视文化教育，轻视综合素质的培养 我国传统教育模式以应试教育为主，重视文化知识的灌输，轻视学生综合素质的培养。学生被赶着学习，为了学习而学习，他们学习的积极性、主动性和创造性根本没有被调动起来，只是单纯的学习没有发挥自己的兴趣。这种教育模式下培养的学生大多都是高分低能，综合素质低下，大多缺乏自主管理的意识，自 7 主管理能力较差。学生只是重视自己的成绩，对其他任何事情都漠不关心。有些学生认为参与班级的管理是浪费时间，更愿意把时间用在学习上。这也是我国教育模式上的失败。 3.家庭教育方式上父母溺爱，包办一切 现在的大学生多数是独生子女。上大学之前，孩子都是父母的掌上明珠，放在“手心里”“心尖上”呵护。把自己的孩子当成是“陶瓷娃娃”碰不得。由于父母的心理与行为，让现在的大部分学生缺乏自主管理的经验能力。生活上、学习上，过度的干预甚至包办一切，使得孩子离开了父母可以控制的范围，客观环境有了变化之后，就无法管理好自己，不能理智地判断是非甚至置校规校纪于不顾;家长对孩子的要求有求必应、尽自己最大的努力去满足，使得他们养成以自我为中心的恶习，进入大学后无法在班级和学校中进行正常的人际交往，影响孩子的沟通能力;家长一直为自己的孩子铺“平坦”的道路，为孩子排除一切艰难险阻，忽略了对孩子独立解决问题能力的训练，忽视了对他们动手能力的培养，使孩子进入大学后不能很快适应大学生活，无法融入到新的集体中，同学之间不会沟通，因为小小的矛盾不会解决，造成人际关系不和谐。 4.大学生身心发展不成熟 “据 2004 年 7 月 4 日《中国青年报》的一份调查结果显示, 14%的大学生 7出现抑郁症状, 17%的人出现焦虑症状, 12%的人存在敌对情绪。”学校教育和家庭教育是造成这种现象的重要因素。大学阶段的学生正处于生理、心理和思想发展变化时期，种种人生压力相对集中，很多学生心理上不同程度地存在着不良反应，其心理健康状况令人担忧。如果得不到及时的排解和解决，将会影响到他们的思想、学习、生活等方面。学生应不断地调整自己，健全人际心理，促进自我意识发展，使个人和环境保持和谐的关系，在多元化社会中保持心理的健康发展。 owned assets.(five) to strengthen the construction management personnel. Strengthen the management of education and training -e that the value of stateensur of economic activities, attract injection the social investment to the industry group, to achieve leveraging the development,regulations, strict inspection and argumentation, legal consultation, examination and approval procedures, strict regulation win principle, in the framework of national policies and -ustries and regional resources, mutual trust, mutual benefit, seeking winources. To further broaden their horizons, effective integration of resources within the group, the city resources, other indf resof alienation and characteristics, the pursuit of stability and development of the market.(four) to promote the integration o he brand, the implementation of key breakthroughs, to enhance the competitive strength, walking business road the competitione of ttrength. Concentrated manpower, careful planning, packaging and publicity of a number of unique, market influence and coveragtablish brand awareness, awareness of the use of brand, brand value, brand acquisition performance, enhance the competitive se the brand. To estheir own conditions to develop the correct road, the maximum to avoid investment risk, gain profit.(three) vigorously promot8terprise and industry group mission to promote leapfrog development.l development, financial investment policy, financial policy and tax policy, and actively seek policy, projects and funds, enstriaabout social support the development of cultural undertakings in the country and the XX policy, especially the policy of indu e core competitiveness, adapt to the need of market competition.(six) seriously study the policy for policy. Serious researchre optimization and upgrading ability, enhancquality professional management team, hard work, and promote the entire workforce knowledge structure, age structure, structu-quality management management personnel, and strive to build a high-roduction of highhe intprove management and operation of the market. At the same time, according to the need of industrial development, vigorously tense of crisis to adapt to market competition, the sense of urgency, improve the ability to respond to market competition, imof cadres and workers of the existing business, firmly establish the concept of the market, enhance the s 牡丹江师范学院学士学位论文 四、改进大学生自主管理现状的对策 通过分析大学生自主管理的现状和原因，在参考、借鉴国内外高校学生管理工作经验的基础上，本文认为可以从以下四个方面入手提高大学生自主管理能力。 (一)转变管理理念，完善管理机制，给予学生更大的自主权 转变管理观念，就要树立以学生为中心的理念，学校各项工作的开展都要征 6得学生意见，得到他们的支持，充分考虑学生群体的建议。从整个社会的角度看，要转变教育观念和成才观念，给予大学生正确的引导;从学校的角度看，在课程设置、教学培养方面做出适当的调整，给大学生更多的空间。学校规章制度是管理者管理学生的主要依据，只有完善的规章制度才能使管理更加严密，做到有法可依。让学生参与进来，学生和管理者共同制定有关的规章制度，这样的制度更符合学生的实际和需要，更能让学生自主的执行。 (二)做好学生的思想政治教育工作 有的大学生思想不成熟，责任意识淡薄，也就不可能在自主管理过程中取得良好效果。所以遵循学生的身心发展规律，为他们提供合适的教育，才能保证心理问题的减少，从而加强了学生的思想政治品德，进而又可以实施科学的思想政治教育活动。让学生具有主人翁的意识，认识到自己是新时代的主人，肩负着建设祖国的使命。老师在这一过程中要起到引导作用，充分利用社会环境、校园环境的有利条件努力做好学生的思想政治教育工作。 (三)转变家庭教育模式，有意识培养大学生自主管理能力 在当前家长包办一切的现状下，要改变大学生自主管理现状，就需要家庭和社会的共同参与。家庭教育在教育合力中占有重要地位，对学校教育和社会教育起重要的作用，教育家福禄贝尔说:“国民的生命，与其说掌握在当权者手中，不 7如说握在母亲手中”。所以重视家庭教育显得尤为重要，家长要转变自己的教育观 9 念，注重培养大学生的独立意识，在一些挫折与困难面前，要敢于放手让学生独自面对与解决。破除包办一切的旧思想，树立新观念。家长要下放自己的权力，给予孩子足够的空间自由发挥。学会与孩子沟通，共同解决问题。 (四)加强自我教育 积极承担责任 研究自主管理能力提高的过程中，要关注大学生自身，激发他们参与的积极性。 1.提高学习主动性，完善知识结构 江泽民曾指出:“学习应该是全面的广泛的，既要认真学习掌握与做好本职工作紧密相关的知识，又要努力学习理论知识、文化知识、科学知识、社会知识、 8历史知识等等，特别要善于学习各种新知识以求知识的常新。”大学生的自主管理不管是涉及的广度和深度，都要求以充实的知识和理论作为铺垫和基础。大学生是社会中知识和力量的主体，他们有知识，充满朝气，用大量的知识财富来丰富自己的头脑，充实和完善自己的知识结构。当自主管理的内化过程出现障碍时，熟练地运用多学科的理论来能动地思考、选择、判断，有助于实现自主管理的理想境界，从而实现大学生的自主管理，所以学生要努力完善自己的知识结构 2.学会自我调试，增强自信心 进入大学后，大学生应该转变以往的观念，利用一切机会锻炼自己，提高自主管理的主动性;还要积极的参加学校、院系、社团组织的各项活动，培养自己的自主管理能力，增强信心;自我调试能力差的学生是不可能做好自主管理的，因此大学生要提高自我调试能力;大学生在遇到挫折和阻碍时，不能逃避要勇于自己面对，不能单纯的依靠家长与学校。现在的大学生大多是90后，对新鲜事物充满好奇心，接受新事物的能力也比较强，学生应该发挥自己的优势，不断地尝试、不断地探索，在探索与尝试中增强自己的自信心。 e that the value of stateensur of economic activities, attract injection the social investment to the industry group, to achieve leveraging the development,regulations, strict inspection and argumentation, legal consultation, examination and approval procedures, strict regulation win principle, in the framework of national policies and -ustries and regional resources, mutual trust, mutual benefit, seeking winources. To further broaden their horizons, effective integration of resources within the group, the city resources, other indf resof alienation and characteristics, the pursuit of stability and development of the market.(four) to promote the integration o he brand, the implementation of key breakthroughs, to enhance the competitive strength, walking business road the competitione of ttrength. Concentrated manpower, careful planning, packaging and publicity of a number of unique, market influence and coveragtablish brand awareness, awareness of the use of brand, brand value, brand acquisition performance, enhance the competitive se the brand. To estheir own conditions to develop the correct road, the maximum to avoid investment risk, gain profit.(three) vigorously promot10terprise and industry group mission to promote leapfrog development.l development, financial investment policy, financial policy and tax policy, and actively seek policy, projects and funds, enstriaabout social support the development of cultural undertakings in the country and the XX policy, especially the policy of indu e core competitiveness, adapt to the need of market competition.(six) seriously study the policy for policy. Serious researchre optimization and upgrading ability, enhancquality professional management team, hard work, and promote the entire workforce knowledge structure, age structure, structu-quality management management personnel, and strive to build a high-roduction of highhe intprove management and operation of the market. At the same time, according to the need of industrial development, vigorously tense of crisis to adapt to market competition, the sense of urgency, improve the ability to respond to market competition, imof cadres and workers of the existing business, firmly establish the concept of the market, enhance the sowned assets.(five) to strengthen the construction management personnel. Strengthen the management of education and training - 牡丹江师范学院学士学位论文 3.增强参与意识，强化独立意识 大学生普遍持有事不关己、高高挂起的态度，其实学校许多管理工作都涉及学生的切身利益并且围绕学生开展的，因此大学生必须转变以往的观念，既要把自己当作管理的对象，又要把自己当作管理的主体，积极主动地参与到学校管理工作来。随着我国高等教育向大众化和产业化的转型，学生的“主人翁意识”逐渐增强。学生社团是学生自治组织，是大学中的“第二课堂”，也是学生参与学校 6管理的间接形式。大学生要积极参与社团活动，进一步培养参与意识增强主人翁意识。 11 结束语 班级自主管理以学生的主体性发挥为基础，以教师的引导为依托，强化学生 的高度参与。大学生自主管理是大学生管理工作的重要组成部分，是大学生提高道德素质的重要途径。文章中指出了大学生自主管理的现状及成因:既有传统教育理念的，也有家庭教育上的;既涉及日常生活，也涉及学习方法;既包括身体，也包括心理;还有经济支出方面。从文章中大学生自主管理的价值来看，有利于大学生增强责任意识与主人翁意识;有利于建设和谐的班级文化;有利于培养和谐的人际关系。通过大学生自主管理班级可以培养出新一代负责任的公民，使学生赋有使命感，对我国发展起着重要作用，这就需要学校转变管理理念;家庭转变教育方式;学生要加强自我教育、增强责任意识。 of economic activities, attract injection the social investment to the industry group, to achieve leveraging the development,regulations, strict inspection and argumentation, legal consultation, examination and approval procedures, strict regulation win principle, in the framework of national policies and -ustries and regional resources, mutual trust, mutual benefit, seeking winources. To further broaden their horizons, effective integration of resources within the group, the city resources, other indf resof alienation and characteristics, the pursuit of stability and development of the market.(four) to promote the integration o he brand, the implementation of key breakthroughs, to enhance the competitive strength, walking business road the competitione of ttrength. Concentrated manpower, careful planning, packaging and publicity of a number of unique, market influence and coveragtablish brand awareness, awareness of the use of brand, brand value, brand acquisition performance, enhance the competitive se the brand. To estheir own conditions to develop the correct road, the maximum to avoid investment risk, gain profit.(three) vigorously promot12terprise and industry group mission to promote leapfrog development.l development, financial investment policy, financial policy and tax policy, and actively seek policy, projects and funds, enstriaabout social support the development of cultural undertakings in the country and the XX policy, especially the policy of indu e core competitiveness, adapt to the need of market competition.(six) seriously study the policy for policy. Serious researchre optimization and upgrading ability, enhancquality professional management team, hard work, and promote the entire workforce knowledge structure, age structure, structu-quality management management personnel, and strive to build a high-roduction of highhe intprove management and operation of the market. At the same time, according to the need of industrial development, vigorously tense of crisis to adapt to market competition, the sense of urgency, improve the ability to respond to market competition, imof cadres and workers of the existing business, firmly establish the concept of the market, enhance the sowned assets.(five) to strengthen the construction management personnel. Strengthen the management of education and training -e that the value of stateensur 牡丹江师范学院学士学位论文 参考文献: ,1,袁林鹏，涂用凯，关于新时期高校和谐班级构建的理论探讨[J]，湖北大学行 政与公共管理学院，2010(2); ,2,蒋新桂，以人为本建设和谐班级[J]，新疆奎屯一中，2008(12); ,3,胡景明，大学生自主管理研究[D]，吉林大学，2006; ,4,中小学教育教学工作手册丛书编委会编，《小学班主任工作手册》[J]，安徽教 育出版社，2006(1); ,5,韩药芳，我国大学生自我管理能力培养研究——以重庆市为个案[D]，重庆:西 南大学，2011(1); ,6,李美华，当代大学生自主管理研究[D]，曲阜师范大学 2012; ,7,罗竞红，当代大学生缺乏自我管理能力的影响因素及对策[J]，成都大学报， 2008(4):112; ,8,江泽民同志在纪念中国共产主义青年团成立八十周年大会上的讲话[R]，2002 .5.5。 13 牡丹江师范学院学士学位论文 致谢 在本篇论文完成的同时， 在 我的论文才能如此顺利的完成。并且得到了其他老师的肯定。在本篇论文的完成过程中， 师对我提出了很多建设性的指导意见，细心地和我讲解论文中出现的问题，给予专业上的指导，信心上的鼓励。我能顺利完成本篇论文和老师的认真指导和辛苦的批改是分不开的，在此我由衷论文代写的 示感谢。 同时我也要感谢学校和学校的领导给我们创造的良好的学习环境，让我们能够在良好的氛围中完成论文。感谢同学和家人在这期间的大力支持。 牡丹江师范学院学士学位论文 独创性声明 本人郑重声明: 所呈交的学士学位论文，是本人在导师的指导下，独立进行研究工作所取得的成果。除文中已经注明引用的内容外，本论文不含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写过的研究成果。对本文的研究做出重要贡献的个人和集体，均已在文中以明确方式标明。本人完全意识到本声明的法律结果由本人承担。 学位论文作者签名: 签字日期: 年 月 日