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答辩
浅析中小企业融资问题论文答辩
各位老师上午好,我是***~我的毕业论文题目是《浅析中小企业融资问题》。首先非常感谢我的论文指导老师***老师,我毕业论文的顺利完成离不开***的悉心指导,同时向现场的各位老师不辞辛苦参加我的论文答辩表示衷心的感谢。从课题选择到论文的顺利完成,一直都离不开老师、同学、朋友给我的热情帮助,在这里请接受我诚挚的谢意!下面我将这篇论文的相关内容向各位老师作
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,不足之处,请各位老师批评指正。
第一,我选择这个课题,有如下原因:
改革开放以来,我国中小企业蓬勃发展,逐渐成为市场经济的生力军,也是国内经济增长的主要动力之一。但同时,中小企业的发展也面临着许多企业自身难以克服的经济、
制度
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以及法律等方面的矛盾和问题,其中,中小企业融资难的问题日益突出。据社科院调查显示,中国中小企业对国内GDP的贡献约为60,,其纳税占全国的50,左右。然而占全国总数99,的中小企业,却在2008年金融危机时,由于不能得到融资导致资金链断裂而大量破产倒闭。显然,中小企业融资问题已成为一个亟待解决的严峻问题。
第二,研究这个课题,有如下意义和价值:
无论是发达国家还是发展中国家,中小企业都是社会稳定和经济发展的重要支柱。我国的中小企业是国民经济的重要组成部分,也是我国新一轮经济增长的主要力量。这不仅表现在中小企业在数量上具有不可超越的优势,还表现在解决劳动就业上起着重要作用。我国中小企业已超过4200多万户,占全国企业总数的99,以上,创造国内生产总值60,以上,占纳税收入的50,,每年提供的新增就业职位占85,和存量就业职位75,。但近年来,我国中小企业数量增长速度却明显减缓,每年倒闭的企业数已上升到10%左右,这里的主要原因,就是由中小企业融资难问题引起的。尽管国家在政策上给了许多支持,国家也采取了许多
措施
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,但是融资难仍然是阻碍我国中小企业发展的重要因素,制约了我国经济社会的发展。
破解中小企业融资困境,有利于缓解当前中小企业的融资困境,扩大就业渠道,促进国民经济走出低谷。鉴于中小企业在我过经济社会中的特殊地位,缓解中小企业融资难问题不仅仅是一个经济问题,还是一个重要的社会问题,解决好i of optical fiber intranet, extranet 24 data points, and set aside reserve. Logarithmic copper cable used for voice communications, vertical Trunk copper cable should meet 1 voice at least 1 set of twisted and must be reserved. 1, and 2# floor and the injury rehabilitation floor of cable from integrated medical floor, by rehabilitation center weak tube respectively introduction to monomer of first layer weak between, the monomer first layer weak between respectively as this monomer of equipment room, network switch do level joint Hou respectively wiring to buildings of Office regional, wiring along the layer shaft points line box Hou along slot laying in the layer ceiling, to end socket line wear plating zinc tube dark enough Yu wall Board within. 4) main distribution frame between devices (BD) located in the medical building information network center machine room, complete internal LAN connection and external broadband network connections, providing a variety of information services to the hospital. The device as a whole hospital network and external network core switch. 5) management on work areas, equipment, into the line between the wiring devices, cable and information outlet module identifies and records according to a certain pattern, such as, to facilitate communication complete the connection lines, line management of localization and translocation. 6) cable laying the vertical trunk cables along a cable tray in weak current shaft installation, horizontal trunk cable laying in the hallway ceiling along a cable tray, horizontal cables into the room, in the ceiling and put along the wall galvanized pipe underground to information outlets. Arrangement of information requirements are as follows: regional nursing unit: 1 unit: each bed
中小企业融资可以促进经济增长,扩大就业等,具有非常现实的意义。
第三,我论文的基本框架如下:
论文全文分为五个部分。
首先,是提出问题阶段,我用了两个部分来提出中小企业融资难的问题。
第一部分开头引言,我从中小企业在国民经济中的地位、作用来分析,同时举了2008年金融危机时,由于不能得到融资导致中小企业大量破产倒闭的例子,引出解决中小企业融资难问题对我国经济社会的重要性。
第二部分我国中小企业融资现状分析,这一部分从四个方面介绍了中小企业融资的现状,指出中小企业融资需求旺盛、银行借贷量少且担保机制不健全、非正规融资现象较为普遍、融资渠道比较狭窄。要想解决中小企业融资难的问题,就必须深刻分析中小企业融资的现状。
其次,是分析问题阶段,也就是本文的第三部分——中小企业融资难的原因分析。在这一部分中,我分别从中小企业自身、金融、政府三个方面来分析中小企业融资难的原因。
中小企业自身方面,主要有财务制度不健全,信用度低、经营管理水平低、中小企业自有资本不足、企业担保责任难落实四点原因;金融方面,主要有服务中小企业的金融机构少、直接融资门槛高,多层次的资本市场尚未形成、我国信用担保体系不完善、金融机构与中小企业存在着严重信息不对称的现象四点原因;政府方面,主要有国家政策对中小企业融资的支持不够、在我国缺乏相应的法律、法规保障体系两点原因。
最后,是解决问题阶段,也就是全文的重点和中心,第四部分和第五部分,这两部分占了全文较大的篇幅
第四部分解决中小企业融资困难的对策,这一部分主要从中小企业自身,金融体系,政府三个层面提出了解决问题的对策。
中小企业自身层面,我提出了建立科学的经营管理机制、建立健全企业财务制度、充分挖掘内部融资潜力、不断进行产业结构调整、强强联合、强化信用观念六点对策;金融体系层面,我提出了完善企业资信评级制度、建立和完善中小企业金融服务体系、开拓直接融资渠道并建立多层次的融资市场三点对策;政府层面,我提出了政府对中小企业的政策扶持、政府应为中小企业融资提供制度支i of optical fiber intranet, extranet 24 data points, and set aside reserve. Logarithmic copper cable used for voice communications, vertical Trunk copper cable should meet 1 voice at least 1 set of twisted and must be reserved. 1, and 2# floor and the injury rehabilitation floor of cable from integrated medical floor, by rehabilitation center weak tube respectively introduction to monomer of first layer weak between, the monomer first layer weak between respectively as this monomer of equipment room, network switch do level joint Hou respectively wiring to buildings of Office regional, wiring along the layer shaft points line box Hou along slot laying in the layer ceiling, to end socket line wear plating zinc tube dark enough Yu wall Board within. 4) main distribution frame between devices (BD) located in the medical building information network center machine room, complete internal LAN connection and external broadband network connections, providing a variety of information services to the hospital. The device as a whole hospital network and external network core switch. 5) management on work areas, equipment, into the line between the wiring devices, cable and information outlet module identifies and records according to a certain pattern, such as, to facilitate communication complete the connection lines, line management of localization and translocation. 6) cable laying the vertical trunk cables along a cable tray in weak current shaft installation, horizontal trunk cable laying in the hallway ceiling along a cable tray, horizontal cables into the room, in the ceiling and put along the wall galvanized pipe underground to information outlets. Arrangement of information requirements are as follows: regional nursing unit: 1 unit: each bed
持、制定和完善相关法律法规、建立我国统一的中小企业政府管理机构体系四点对策
第五部分结尾综述。这一部分系统
总结
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了前文,并指出,解决中小企业融资难的核心部分在于中小企业自身能力提升,基础部分则在于金融机制的改进配合相适应和政府积极且恰当的引导和支持。又提出,解决这一问题,不仅仅是资金量上的支持,更要从多个方面协调配合共同发挥作用。
第四,我的论文还存在很多缺点及不足:
虽然这篇论文经过了几番修改,也参考了很多学者写的文献,同时也注入了老师的指点。由于个人知识和收集资料能力有限,论文仍然存在着许多不足之处,比如收集的中小企业的数据实证不够,文字驾驭能力有所欠缺,提出问题、分析论点时不够全面等,这些方面都有待于改进,还望各位老师批评指正~
最后,我要再次感谢***在我的毕业论文写作过程中所给予的悉心帮助与指导;还要感谢辅导员和授课老师在这三年来对我的教育与培养,也要感谢同学一直以来对我的关心与支持。
以上就是我的答辩自述,希望各位老师给予评价和指正。谢谢大家~
i of optical fiber intranet, extranet 24 data points, and set aside reserve. Logarithmic copper cable used for voice communications, vertical Trunk copper cable should meet 1 voice at least 1 set of twisted and must be reserved. 1, and 2# floor and the injury rehabilitation floor of cable from integrated medical floor, by rehabilitation center weak tube respectively introduction to monomer of first layer weak between, the monomer first layer weak between respectively as this monomer of equipment room, network switch do level joint Hou respectively wiring to buildings of Office regional, wiring along the layer shaft points line box Hou along slot laying in the layer ceiling, to end socket line wear plating zinc tube dark enough Yu wall Board within. 4) main distribution frame between devices (BD) located in the medical building information network center machine room, complete internal LAN connection and external broadband network connections, providing a variety of information services to the hospital. The device as a whole hospital network and external network core switch. 5) management on work areas, equipment, into the line between the wiring devices, cable and information outlet module identifies and records according to a certain pattern, such as, to facilitate communication complete the connection lines, line management of localization and translocation. 6) cable laying the vertical trunk cables along a cable tray in weak current shaft installation, horizontal trunk cable laying in the hallway ceiling along a cable tray, horizontal cables into the room, in the ceiling and put along the wall galvanized pipe underground to information outlets. Arrangement of information requirements are as follows: regional nursing unit: 1 unit: each bed
中小企业(Small and Medium Enterprises)是与所处行业的大企业相比人员规模、资产规模与经营规模都比较小的经济单位。
我国融资难问题的具体表现:
(一)融资渠道少、规模小(二)融资秩序乱 其一,信用差,拖欠信贷资金甚至赖着不还,造成银行“惜贷”加剧了中小企业资金的困难。其二,民间借贷盛行,融资秩序混乱,甚至出现违法、违规现象。(三)市场歧视 (四)信息的严重不对称(五)银行借贷量少且担保机制不健全
国外中小企业融资经验
在美国,银行是中小企业外部融资的主要供应者,37%的中小企业得到商业银行的融资,其他主要的供应者有:金融公司、租赁公司和其他非金融机构。20世纪50年代,美国建立了中小企业资金援助制度。美国中小企业局在许可范围内可直接向中小企业贷款,贷款基金来自财政预算此外,美国中小企业管理局还特许和资助了由私人所有和经营的中小企业投资公司。该类公司专门向具有较高风险而难于从一般渠道得到投资支持的中小企业提供贷款和投资。
日本对中小企业的金融支持主要是通过专门设立为中小企业服务的五家金融机构来实现的,它们是:中小企业金融公库、商工组合中央金库、环境卫生金融公库、冲绳振兴开发金融公库。这些机构为中小企业提供较为优惠的信贷资金,并能使企业得到足够贷款。 法国对中小企业金融信贷支持主要是通过地方投资公司给予优惠信贷,贷款总额不能超过投资总额的70%。法国还允许中小企业通过发行股票的方式向私人公司借钱,但要由投资公司担保。
所谓资产抵押是指债务人或者第三人以不转移对法定财产的占有将该财产作为债权的担保债务人不履行债务时债权人有权依法以该财产折价或者以拍卖、变卖该财产的价款优先受偿。
民间借贷是指公民之间、公民与法人之间、公民与其它组织之间借贷。 中小板块即中小企业板,是指流通盘1亿以下的创业板块,是相对于主板市场而言的,有些企业的条件达不到主板市场的要求,所以只能在中小板市场上市。
产权交易市场是指供产权交易双方进行产权交易的场所。狭义的产权交易市场是指社会主义市场经济条件下,各类企业作为独立的产权主体从是以产权有偿转让为内容的交易场所 三板市场:即代办股份转让业务,是指经中国证券业协会批准,由具有代办非上市公司股份转让业务资格的证券公司采用电子交易方式,为非上市公司提供的特别转让服务,其服务对象为中小型高新技术企业。
柜台交易市场是在股票交易所以外的各种证券交易机构柜台上进行的股票交易市场(也就是没有集中场所的资产交易网络)所以也叫做柜台交易市场。简称OTC。 i of optical fiber intranet, extranet 24 data points, and set aside reserve. Logarithmic copper cable used for voice communications, vertical Trunk copper cable should meet 1 voice at least 1 set of twisted and must be reserved. 1, and 2# floor and the injury rehabilitation floor of cable from integrated medical floor, by rehabilitation center weak tube respectively introduction to monomer of first layer weak between, the monomer first layer weak between respectively as this monomer of equipment room, network switch do level joint Hou respectively wiring to buildings of Office regional, wiring along the layer shaft points line box Hou along slot laying in the layer ceiling, to end socket line wear plating zinc tube dark enough Yu wall Board within. 4) main distribution frame between devices (BD) located in the medical building information network center machine room, complete internal LAN connection and external broadband network connections, providing a variety of information services to the hospital. The device as a whole hospital network and external network core switch. 5) management on work areas, equipment, into the line between the wiring devices, cable and information outlet module identifies and records according to a certain pattern, such as, to facilitate communication complete the connection lines, line management of localization and translocation. 6) cable laying the vertical trunk cables along a cable tray in weak current shaft installation, horizontal trunk cable laying in the hallway ceiling along a cable tray, horizontal cables into the room, in the ceiling and put along the wall galvanized pipe underground to information outlets. Arrangement of information requirements are as follows: regional nursing unit: 1 unit: each bed
i of optical fiber intranet, extranet 24 data points, and set aside reserve. Logarithmic copper cable used for voice communications, vertical Trunk copper cable should meet 1 voice at least 1 set of twisted and must be reserved. 1, and 2# floor and the injury rehabilitation floor of cable from integrated medical floor, by rehabilitation center weak tube respectively introduction to monomer of first layer weak between, the monomer first layer weak between respectively as this monomer of equipment room, network switch do level joint Hou respectively wiring to buildings of Office regional, wiring along the layer shaft points line box Hou along slot laying in the layer ceiling, to end socket line wear plating zinc tube dark enough Yu wall Board within. 4) main distribution frame between devices (BD) located in the medical building information network center machine room, complete internal LAN connection and external broadband network connections, providing a variety of information services to the hospital. The device as a whole hospital network and external network core switch. 5) management on work areas, equipment, into the line between the wiring devices, cable and information outlet module identifies and records according to a certain pattern, such as, to facilitate communication complete the connection lines, line management of localization and translocation. 6) cable laying the vertical trunk cables along a cable tray in weak current shaft installation, horizontal trunk cable laying in the hallway ceiling along a cable tray, horizontal cables into the room, in the ceiling and put along the wall galvanized pipe underground to information outlets. Arrangement of information requirements are as follows: regional nursing unit: 1 unit: each bed