罗马万神庙（Pantheon of Rome）

罗马万神庙（Pantheon of Rome） 罗马万神庙(Pantheon of Rome) Located in the north of the circular Plaza in Italy, capital of Rome (Pantheon), the site is one of the oldest buildings in Rome and a representative of the architecture of ancient Rome. Construction and renovation to commemorate the early life of Augustus (Octavius) defeated Anthony and Cleopatra (Cleopatra), by the emperor Augustus's son-in-law, Octavius, deputy governor of Rome has three Marcus Vipsa Nius Agrippa in 27 BC chair, built a temple in the city of Rome, dedicated to "all gods" therefore, called "the pantheon". It was burned in AD 80. Later, the emperor A De (117~138 years old) who preferred architectural design to rebuild it (120~124 years). At the beginning of the third Century, and by Lucius Setimus, plug veiros two emperor Caracalla and reconstruction. In 655 AD by the Byzantine emperor Constant J S (Constans) from. After the conversion of Catholicism to Rome, the Parthenon was once closed. In 609, Pope and Bo Faccio IV will be changed it into "Santa Maria ad martyres". In modern times, it became a celebrity in Italy hall, national shrine. Construction features, Wan Temple uses a dome covered centralized form, the reconstruction of the Pantheon is a single space, centralized representation of the building of the building, it is also the highest representative of Rome dome technology. The temple is flat and round, with a dome diameter of 43.3 meters and a top height of 43.3 meters. In accordance with the concept of the time, the dome represents the sky. In the center of the dome is a hole 8.9 meters in diameter, which may indicate a connection between the world of God and the human world. From the hole in soft diffused light, illuminate the inside of the open, there is a kind of religious serenity breath. The outside of the dome was covered with a gilded copper tile. (in eighth Century, Pope Gregory III (Gregory III) covered with lead tile) the dome of the material of concrete, brick, concrete with pumice as aggregate. It was probably a few bricks and pieces of concrete that were built along the surface of the sphere before pouring concrete. These coupons work by placing concrete blocks in place, preventing concrete from sliding before condensation and avoiding cracks in concrete shrinkage. In order to reduce the weight of the dome, the more up and thinner, the lower part of the thickness of 5.9 meters, 1.5 meters above. And make five circles of deep concave inside the dome, each ring 28. The wall is 6.2 meters thick and concrete. Each pouring 1 meters or so, on the 1 blocks of bricks. Inside the wall there are 8 big coupons along the circumference, of which 7 are niches and one is the gate. Niches and gates also lighten the burden of the foundation. The foundation is 4.5 meters deep and the bottom is 7.3 meters thick. The base and wall concrete is made of tuff and limestone. The Pantheon porch is tall and strong, Fuyan luxuriant, typical of Rome architectural style. It is 33 meters wide, rectangular front colonnade colonnade, 34 meters wide, 15.5 meters deep; the Corinth style pillars 16, three row, 8 row, 4 row each root, root. The column is 14.18 meters tall and has a diameter of 1.43 meters. It is made of a whole piece of Egyptian gray granite. It is a white marble plinth and stigma. Flowers and eaves statue, door leaf, tile, porch ceiling beams and plates are made of copper, wrapped in gold foil. Diameter 43. The world record of the 4 meter temple, the great dome, was not broken until 1960 by the dome of the new stadium 100 meters in diameter built in Rome. The outer wall is divided into 3 layers, the lower layer is decorated with white marble, and the upper two layers are plaster, and the third layer may be decorated with thin columns. The lower two is the wall, and the third layer covers the lower part of the dome, so the dome is not fully represented. This is probably in order to: first, to reduce the impact of side thrust dome; second, to raise the wall, size is relatively well proportioned; third, at that time there was no art experience full dome, there is no such aesthetic habits. The temple itself is rectangular in appearance, round in shape, and a Domed hall with 8 huge arched pillars supporting the interior. The ancient world's largest dome 43.3 meters in diameter, the middle of a lighting round eyes 8.92 meters in diameter, becoming the only light into the building. Hall diameter and height are 43.3 meters, surrounded by walls of 6.2 meters thick, outside to build huge brick, but no window, no column. It is said that the Pantheon is the first interior decoration is better than the external shape of buildings in Rome, but some of the original bronze and marble carving lost in foreign plunder or move to Rome after the construction of the building, the magnificent Redstone has lost outside the old style take wings to itself. Now only two fans at the entrance to the temple for the original bronze doors still exist, the door is 7 meters high, wide and thick, was the world's largest bronze door. The shrine honors Hall of worship shrine Catholic saints, hall is the altar. Right to Mary Fribourg vision first portrait of the. Second the altar on the Annunciation, the name of the painter Merlot cable masterpiece, its about two stone angel statue, carved by Benigni. Third the altar for mural spalling, wucongkaozheng. Behind the altar is the founding emperor Emanuel's tomb in Italy. A statue of Rossi carved with virgin childhood Na Sunasia fourth altar. Fifth the altar called love mary". In the middle of the altar, and "cross the altar" and "holy stone" of the altar, here is the famous painter Rafael tomb, simple and plain, engraved with the Archbishop of his friend, the Bo he wrote the inscription. There are two small niches on both sides of the tomb, and Rafael and his fiancee, Maria Bibina, have not been saved. The statue is on the altar, King Umberto and queen Marr Gary Daling tomb, designed by sacconi. Here are nice and the altar altar in Saint Joseph, the latter for a statue of St. Joseph, was painted by Rossi in 1550. In the left wall and Jesus Christmas and the "three kings" to the murals and reliefs in St. Joseph and fled to Egypt. Although the Pantheon is dedicated to all gods, it has also dedicated the bronze statues of the two greatest heroes of ancient Rome, Caesar and Augustus (Octavius). The emperors also held some political public activities in the temple. Edit this paragraph, Paris Pantheon Paris temple was dedicated to the patron saint of Paris. Neiweiaifu holy church, later used as the national important cemetery, renamed the pantheon. Also known as the pantheon. One of its important achievements is its unprecedented light structure. The walls are thin and the pillars thin. The dome is made of clay and has a diameter of 20 meters, There is a round hole in the center, and you can see the powder painting on the second floor. The ceiling at the top of the pavilion is 83 meters high. There are six 19 metre high poles Pantheon West colonnade, wearing flowers on top, not only below the base layer, eleven steps. It uses the composition of the facade of the ancient Rome temple. Its shape is simple and its geometry is clear. It seeks to combine the lightness of Gothic architecture with the grandeur and grandeur of Greek architecture, which is obviously an enlightenment. The pantheon in Paris is a typical works of neo classical style of the French Revolution, the pursuit of architectural form, simple and complete separate, emphasizing the details of the form of a simple, logical structure, and the reduction of purely decorative elements, influence permeated with Greek style.