小升初文言文阅读训练题

小升初文言文阅读训练题 2(请把“今子欺之，是教子欺也”这个句子翻译为现代汉语。 文言文课外阅读练习题 译文: 中考课外文言文阅读解题的四个步骤,供参考): _____________________________________________ 第一步:快速浏览题目 3(试概括这则寓言的寓意或简要说说它给你的启示。 课外文言文阅读试题有个特点:有的题目选项出示了文中某些关键字词的___________________________________________________ 意思:有的题目则提示了文言文的主要内容。浏览题目，有助于同学们初步了二(先公(指欧阳修)四岁而孤，家贫无资。太夫人以荻(与芦苇相似的解文言文的大致意思。所以，接到课外文言文阅读文段，首先应该快速浏览文 草本植物)画地，教以 书 关于书的成语关于读书的排比句社区图书漂流公约怎么写关于读书的小报汉书pdf 字。多诵古人篇章。使学为诗。及其稍长，而家无书段后的题目。 读，就闾里(街坊)士人家借而读之，或因而抄录。抄录未毕，已能诵其书，第二步:仔细分析标题 以至昼夜忘寝食，唯读书是务。自幼所作诗赋文字，下笔已如成人。 一般而言，课外文言文阅读文段都会给出标题。教师要指导学生留意并仔 细分析文段的标题。因为大部分标题本身就概括了文言文的主要内容。例如， 1、选出下列加点字解释有误的一项: 在一次测试中，考了一个“楚人学舟”的课外文言文阅读文段。这个主谓结构 A、以荻画地 以:用 B、教以书字书:写 的标题概括了文段的主要内容，我们看了标题就知道文段的主要内容了。总之， C、使学为诗 为:作为 D、及其稍长把 及:等到 仔细分析文段的标题，可使我们快速理解文言文的主要内容。 2、欧阳公“自幼所作诗赋文字，下笔已如成人”的最根本原因是: 第三步:结合注释速读全文 A、欧阳修聪明过人 B、太夫人教子有方 课外文言文阅读文段，对于一些难懂的文言字词一般都会给出注释。这些 C、闾里士人家慷慨借书 D、欧阳修刻苦攻读 注释有助于同学们准确理解文言文的主要内容。所以，教师应提醒学生千万别 3、将下列语句翻译成现代汉语。 忽略这些注释，而应结合注释速读全文。另外，需要注意的是教师要提醒学生， 在阅读全文的过程中，碰到“拦路虎”，千万别停下来苦苦思索，而应继续阅(1)多诵古人篇章。 读。总之，速读全文，不求完全读懂，能明白文章的大致意思就可以了。 (2)唯读书是务。 第四步:“对症下药”解答问题。 三(魏武将见匈奴使，自以行陋，不足雄远国，使崔季珪代，帝自捉刀立床头。 课外文言文阅读问题设计有三种类型，即词语解释题、句子翻译题和内容既毕，令间谍问曰:“魏王何如,”匈奴使答:“魏王雅望非常;然床头捉刀人，理解题。对于不同的题目则采用不同的解题方法: 此乃英雄也。”魏武闻之，追杀此使。《世说新语•容止》 (1)词语解释题:这类题目多数是考查文言实词中一词多义的现象，而 1(解释加点词的含义。 这些文言实词基本上都是同学们在课内文言文中学习过的。解题时，应先套用 (1)自以行陋，不足雄远国 我们学习过的文言实词的意思，再联系上下文检验，经检验意思通顺，则为正 确答案。 (2)既毕，令间谍问曰 (2)句子翻译题:翻译句子应该在直译的基础上意译。首先，在草稿上(3)魏王雅望非常 把关键的字词的意思解释出来(直译);然后，将句子的大致意思写出来(意(4)魏武闻之，追杀此使 译)。在翻译句子时需要注意以下几个问题:?年号、人名、地名、官名、物2(魏王为什么要“追杀此使”, 名、书名、国名等专有名词保留原样，不用翻译。例如:“庆历(年号)四年春， 滕子京(人名)谪守巴陵郡(地名)”。可把这个句子译为:庆历四年的春天， 3(用“人不可貌相，海水不可斗量”这一成语形容文中的魏王是否恰滕子京被贬了官，做了巴陵郡的太守?句子中没有实际意义的词语应删去。例 当,为什么,你认为魏王是个怎样的人, 如:“陈胜者，阳城人也”。“者……也”表判断，无义，应删去。可把这个句子 译为:陈胜是阳城人。 文言文中有些特殊句式(如主谓倒装、宾语前置、状语后置等倒装句)和四(郑人有欲买履者，先自度其足，而置之其坐。至之市，而忘操之。已现代汉语的语序不一样，翻译时要作适当的调整。例如:“甚矣，汝之不惠(主得履，乃曰:“吾忘持度。”反归取之。及反，市罢，遂不得履。人曰:“何不谓倒装)～”可把这个句子译为:你的不聪明也太严重了。?所翻译的句子若是 试之以足,”曰:“宁信度，无自信也。” 省略句，则要把省略了的成份增补出来。例如:“乃丹书帛曰„陈胜王?(省略主 1、解释粗体字 语)。”可把这个句子译为:他们(主语)就用朱砂在绸子上写上„陈胜王?三个 (1) 先自度其足 (2)吾忘持度 字。 (2) 宁信度 (3)内容理解题。解决这种类型的题目有三种方法:第一，引用原文句 子回答;第二，摘录原文关键的词语回答;第三，用自己的话组织文字回答。2、翻译下列句子。 三种方法，采用第一、二种方法回答准确率较高。 (1) 及反，市罢，遂不得履。 一(曾子之妻之市，其子随之而泣。其母曰:“女(同“汝”)还，顾反，为女(2) 何不试之以足, 杀彘(猪)。”妻适市反，曾子欲捕彘杀之。妻止之曰:“特与婴儿戏耳。”曾子 曰:“婴儿非与戏也。婴儿非有知也，待父母而学者也，听父母之教。今子欺 3、探究:文中“之”字共出现五次，它们的意思一样吗,任意选择三之，是教子欺也。母欺子，子而不信其母，非所以成教也。” 句，说说句中的“之”是什么意思，或有什么作用。(只允许回答三个) 1(下列各句中加点词意义的解释，不正确的一项是( ) 而置之其坐( ) 至之市( ) 而忘操之( ) A(曾子妻之市 之:往 B(顾反，为女杀彘 反:(同“返” C(妻适市反 适:往 D(特与婴儿戏耳 特:特别 反归取之( ) 何不试之以足( ) 1 4、《郑人买履》告诉我们什么道理, 八、北人生而不识菱(1)者，仕于南方，席上食菱，并壳入口。 或曰:“食菱须去壳。”其人自护所短，曰:“我非不知，并壳者，欲 五、蜀之鄙有二僧，其一贫，其一富。贫者语于富者曰:“吾欲之南海，以去热也。”问者曰:“北土亦有此物否,”答曰:“前山后山，何地何如,”富者曰:“子何恃而往,”曰:“吾一瓶一钵足矣。”富者曰:“吾数年不有,”夫菱生于水而曰土产，此坐(2)强不知以为知也。 [注释](1)菱:俗称菱角，水生植物，果实可以吃。 2坐:因为。 来欲买舟而下，犹未能也。子何恃而往,”越明年，贫者自南海还，以告富者。 富者有惭色。 1(理解文中加点词语，完成题目。 西蜀之去南海，不知几千里也，僧富者不能至而贫者至焉。人之立志，顾(1)仕于南方 仕: ( 2 ) 席上食菱 不如蜀鄙之僧哉, 食: 1、解释粗体词的含义。 (3)欲以去热也 以: (4)欲以去热也 去: ?蜀之鄙有二僧_________ ?吾欲之南海__________ 2(用现代汉语解释文中画线的句子。 ?顾不如蜀鄙之僧哉________ ?子何恃而往__________ 2、翻译划横线的语句。(2分) 夫菱生于水而曰土产，此坐强不知以为知也。 ____________________________________________ 3、作者分别举“贫者”“富者”的例子，采用的是一种________方法，3.阅读本文,说说你对北人”强不知以为知”的看法。 这样写，是为了说明人之为学，关键在 ____________ 。 九(华歆、王朗俱乘船避难，有一人欲依附，歆辄难之。朗曰:“幸尚宽， 六、王冕僧寺夜读 何为不可,”后贼追至，王欲舍所携人。歆曰:“本所以疑，正为此耳。既已 王冕者，诸暨人。七八岁时，父命牧牛陇上，窃入学舍，听诸生诵书;纳其自托，宁可以急相弃邪,”遂携拯如初。世以此定华、王之优劣。 听已，辄默记。暮归，忘其牛，父怒挞之。已而复如初。母曰:“儿痴如此，(解释加点词的含义。 1 曷不听其所为,”冕因去，依僧寺以居。夜潜出坐佛膝上，执策映长明灯读之，(1)有一人欲依附，歆辄难之 难: (2)幸尚宽，何为不可 幸: 琅琅达旦。佛像多土偶，狞恶可怖，冕小儿，恬若不知。 (3)本所以疑，正为此耳 为: (4)世以此定华、王之优劣 以: 1、结合文意，解释下列句中加点的词。 2(上文最后一句中的“此”指代的是 。 ?窃入学舍 ?辄默记 3(用现代汉语写出“宁可以急相弃邪,”一句的意思。 ?儿痴如此 ?恬若不见 _____________________________________________ ?父怒挞之 ?曷不听其所为, 4(从文段内容看，华歆、王朗谁优谁劣,理由是什么, 2、翻译 下列句子。 ? 王冕者，诸暨人。 十(与善人居，如入芝兰之室，久而不闻其香，即与之化矣。与不善人居，如 入鲍鱼之肆，久而不闻其臭，亦与之化矣。丹之所藏者赤，漆之所藏者黑，是 ? 夜潜出坐佛膝上，执策映长明灯读之 以君子必慎 其所处者焉。 1(解释加点词的含义。 (1) 与善人居，如入芝兰之室 居: 3、你从本文中感悟到了什么, (2) 如入鲍鱼之肆 肆: 七、 (季梁)往见王曰:“今者臣来，见人于大行?，方?北面而持其驾?2(文中的“鲍鱼之肆”比喻怎样的环境, ?，告臣曰:‘吾欲之楚。’臣曰:‘君之楚，将奚为?北面?’曰:‘吾马良’。 臣曰:‘马虽良，此非楚之路也。’ 曰:‘吾用多!’臣曰:‘用虽多，此非楚之3(根据文意，君子要“慎处”的原因，可用一个成语来概括，那就是: 路也。’曰:‘吾御者?善!’此数者愈善，而离楚愈远耳。” 近朱者赤， 注释:?大行(háng):大路。?方:正在。?持其驾:拿着缰绳，驾着他的车4(对这个成语所包含的观点你有什么看法?请简要回答。 子。?奚为:何为，做什么。?御者:车夫。 _______________________________________________ 1(翻译下列句子。 __________________________________________________ ?吾欲之楚。 ____________________ ?马虽良，此非楚之路也。 十一(草书大王 张丞相好书而不工。当时流辈?皆讥笑之。丞相自若也?。一日得句?， 2(?用一个成语概括本文内容，这个成语是 索笔疾书，满纸龙蛇飞动。使侄录之。当波险处?，侄罔然而止。执所书问曰: ?读了这则短文后，你受到什么启发? “此何字也,”丞相熟视久之，亦不自识。诟其侄曰?:“汝胡不早问?，致 答: 余忘之。” 2 注释:?流辈:人们。?自若:像自己原来的样子，不变常态。?得句，得十四( 文人相轻，自古而然。傅毅之于班固，伯仲之间耳，而固小之，到佳句。?波险处:书法中笔画怪诞的地方。?诟(gòu):责骂。?胡:为什与弟超书曰:“武仲以能属文，为兰台令史，下笔不能自休。”夫人善于自见，么。 而文非一体，鲜能备善，是以各以所长，相轻所短。里话曰:“家有弊帚，享1(解释下面句子中加点的词。 之千金。”斯不自见之患也。 注释:?傅毅、班固均为东汉文学家，史学家。?[超]班超。班固之弟，东汉(1)张丞相好草书而不工 ( ) (2)使侄录之 名将。?[自休](冗长松散)自己也止不住。?[自见]即见自，表现自己的长处。?[体]( ) 体裁?[里语]俗语，民间谚语。 (3)侄罔然而止 ( ) (4)执所书问曰 ( ) 1.解释下列句中的加点字。 2(翻译下列句子: (1)自古而然( ) (2)而固小之 (1) 此何字也, ( ) (3)鲜能备善( ) (4)斯不自见之患也 ________________________________________ (( ) 2) 丞相熟视久之，亦不自识。 2(翻译下列句子。 ________________________________________ 3(这则故事中该责怪的人是谁,为什么, (1)傅毅之于班固，伯仲之间耳，而固小之。 _______________________________________________ (2)家有弊帚，享之千金。 __________________________________________________ ____________________ 3(文中分析“文人相轻”的原因是什么, 十二(由俭入奢易，由奢入俭难。饮食衣服，若思得之艰难，不敢轻易费 用。酒肉一餐，可办粗饭几日;纱绢一匹，可办粗衣几件。不馋不寒足矣，何4(用一个成语概括上文的内容。这个成语应该是: 必图好吃好着,常将有日思无日，莫待无时思有时，则子子孙孙常享温饱矣。 1(翻译下列句子。 十五(赵人患鼠 由俭入奢易，由奢入俭难。 赵人患鼠，乞猫于中山?，中山人予之。猫善扑鼠及鸡。月余，鼠尽而鸡 亦尽。其子患之，告其父曰:“盍?去诸,”其父曰:“是非若所知也。吾之患 在鼠，不在乎于鸡。夫有鼠，则窃吾食，毁吾衣，穿吾垣墉?，坏伤吾器用。2(这则短文对你有什么启发,请谈谈你的感受。 吾将饥寒焉，不病于无鸡乎,无鸡者，弗食鸡则已耳，去饥寒犹远。若之何?十三、景公之时，雨雪三日而不霁。公被狐白之裘，坐堂侧陛。晏子入见，而去夫猫也, 注释:?中山:地名 ?盍:何不 ?垣墉:墙壁 ?若之何:为什么 立有间。公曰:“怪哉～雨雪三日而天不寒。”晏子对曰:“天不寒乎,”公笑。 1(解释下列加点字。 晏子曰:“婴闻古之贤君，饱而知人之饥，温而知人之寒，逸而知人之劳。今 君不知也。”公曰:“善。寡人闻命矣。”乃令出裘发粟以与饥寒者。 (1)吾之患在鼠 ( ) (2)告其父曰:“盍去诸,”注释:雨(yù)雪:下雪。雨，落，降，用如动词。陛:宫殿的台阶。闻命:( ) 听到辞命。闻，听;命，辞命。 (3)是非若所知也( ) (4)不病于无鸡乎, 1、 解释句中加点的词语。 ( ) (1)景公之时，雨雪三日而不霁。( )(2)公被狐白之裘，坐堂2(联系上下文，把下列句子翻译成现代汉语。 侧陛。 ( ) (1)吾将饥寒焉，不病于无鸡乎, (3)立有间 ( ) (4)寡人闻命矣。 ( ) 译: 2、 翻译句子: (2)若之何而去夫猫也, 译: (1)怪哉～雨雪三日而天不寒。 3.对上面这则寓言分析有误的一项是: ( ) (2)古之贤君，饱而知人之饥，温而知人之寒，逸而知人之劳。今君不A、这则寓言告诉人们，若想解决问题，必须首先考虑自己的主要目知也。 标是什么。只要达到了这个目标，其他方面即使有些损失，也应该在所不 惜。 3、 景公听了晏子的一番话，“乃令出裘发粟以与饥寒者”，这说明了他B、一个人如果在纷繁复杂的世界中，什么事都想做成，但又什么代是一个怎样的人,这个故事对我们今天的领导者有什么借鉴意义, 价都不想付出，到头来只能是一事无成。 C、这则寓言告诉我们:评价任何事物，应看他的主要方面是好是坏， 3 不能吹毛求疵。D、“有失才会有得”是本文的主旨。 2(翻译下列句子。 十六( 薛谭学讴于秦青，未穷青之技，自谓尽之，遂辞归。秦青弗止，(1)安有为人臣而戏其君乎, 饯行于郊衢，抚节悲歌，声振林木，响遏行云。薛谭乃谢求反，终身不敢言归。 1( 解释下列加点的词在文中的意思。 (2)老而好学，如炳烛之明，孰与昧行乎, ?薛谭学讴于秦青 ?未穷青之技，自谓尽之 ?饯行于郊衢 ?声振林木，响遏行云 3(文中师旷用了三个比喻，意在说明一个什么道理, 2(翻译: 薛谭乃谢求反，终身不敢言归。 答: 译文: 十九(匡衡勤学而无烛，邻居有烛而不逮，衡乃穿壁引其光，以书映光而读3(这个故事给你以怎样的启示, 之。邑人大姓文不识，家富多书，衡乃与其佣作而不求偿。主人怪问衡，衡曰: 答: “愿得主人书遍读之。”主人感叹，资给以书，遂成大学。 5(1(解释下列句中加点的词。 薛谭身上有无可取之处,如果有，是什么, ? 邻居有烛而不逮 ?衡乃与其佣作而不求 十七(范仲淹有志于天下 偿 范仲淹二岁而孤，家贫无依。少有大志，每以天下为己任，发愤苦读，或?资给以书 ?遂成大学 2( 翻译下面的句子。 夜昏怠，辄以水沃面;食不给，啖粥而读。‖既仕，每慷慨论天下事，奋不顾 身。乃至被谗受贬，由参知政事谪守邓州。‖仲淹刻苦自励，食不重肉，妻子?衡乃穿壁引其光，以书映光而读之 衣食仅自足而已。常自诵曰:“士当先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐也。” 译文: ?衡乃与其佣作而不求偿 1( 给下列句中加点的字释义。 范仲淹二岁而孤，家贫无依 孤: 译文: ? ?或夜昏怠，辄以水沃面 或: 沃: 3(出自这个故事的一个成语是 ，从字面上看，?食不给 给: 这个成语的意思是 ，现在?乃至被谗受贬 谗: 用这个成语形容 2(“每以天下为己任”的正确译句是( ) A( 每天把天下大事作为自己的 责任 安全质量包保责任状安全管理目标责任状8安全事故责任追究制幼儿园安全责任状占有损害赔偿请求权 。 4(你认为，应该在哪些方面向匡衡学习, B( 常常把治理国家大事作为自己应尽的责任。 C( 常常把天下大事作为自己应尽的任务。 二十( 弈秋，通国之善弈也。使弈秋诲二人弈，其一人专心D(每天把治理国家大事作为自己应尽的责任。 致志，惟弈秋之为听;一人虽听之，一心以为有鸿鹄将至，思援弓3(把下面的句子译成现代汉语。 缴而射之。虽与之俱学，弗若之矣。为是其智弗若与,吾曰:非然?或夜昏怠，辄以水沃面。 也。 4(这段文字的层次已在文中划出，请简要归纳层意。 1( 解释下列句中加点的词。 ?使弈秋诲二人弈 ?非然也 ? ?思援弓缴而射之 ?虽与之俱学，弗? ? 若之矣。 5(读了“先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐”这两句，你有什么感受, 2(下列各句与“弈秋，通国之善弈者也”句式不同的一项是( ) A(夫战，勇气也 B(此则岳阳楼之大观也 C(甚矣，汝之不惠 D(莲，花之君子者也 十八(师旷论学 3(翻译:?惟弈秋之为听 晋平公问于师旷曰:“吾年七十，欲学，恐已暮矣。”师旷曰: 译文: “何不炳烛乎,” ?为是其智弗若与, 平公曰:“安有为人臣而戏其君乎,” 译文: 师旷曰:“盲臣安敢戏其君,臣闻之:少而好学，如日出之阳; 4(本文通过学弈这件小事，作者意在说明一个什么道理, 壮而好学，如日中之光;老而好学，如炳烛之明，孰与昧行乎,” 答: 平公曰:“善哉～” 1(解释下列句中加点的词。 ?晋平公问于师旷曰 ?臣安敢戏其君 二一(李生论善学者 ?孰与昧行乎 ?何不炳烛乎 王生好学而不得法。其友李生问之曰:“或谓君不善学，信乎,” 4 答: 王生不说，曰:“凡师之所言，吾悉能志之，是不亦善学乎,”李生 说之曰:“孔子云‘学而不思则 ’，盖学贵善思，君但志之而二三(陈太丘与友期行，期日中，过中不至，太丘舍去，去后不思之，终必无所成，何以谓之善学也,”王生益愠，不应而还走。乃至。元方时年七岁，门外戏。客问元方:“尊君在不?”答日:“待居五日，李生故寻王生，告之曰:“君久不至，已去。”夫善学者不耻下问，择善而从之，友人便怒:“非人哉～与人期行，相委而去。”元冀闻道也。”言未尽而王生去，盖欲拒人于千里之外。学者之大忌，方日:“君与家君期日中。日中不至，则是无信;对子骂父，则是无莫逾自厌，盍改之乎,不然，迨年事蹉跎，虽欲改励，恐不及矣～”礼。”友人惭，下车引之，元方入门不顾。 1(解释加点词的含义。 王生惊觉，谢曰:“余不敏。” ?陈太丘与友期行 期: ?太丘舍去，去后乃至 今日始知君言之善。请铭之坐右，以昭炯戒。” 1( 给下列句中加点的字注音并释义。 乃: ?与人期行，相委而去 委: ?元方入门不顾 句 子 注 音 解 释 含 义 顾: ?吾悉能志之 2(翻译下列句子。 ?李生说之曰 ?非人哉～与人期行，相委而去。 ?不应而还 ?迨年事蹉跎 ?日中不至，则是无信;对子骂父，则是无礼。 ?王生不说 ?王生益愠 3(试揣摩下列句中人物的心理活动。 2(与“河曲智叟亡以应”中的“亡”用法不同的一项是( ) ?友人惭，下车引之。 A(王生不说 B(盍改之乎 C(吾悉能志之 D(才美不外见 2(在上文横线上填入一个字。 ?元方入门不顾。 3(翻译下面的句子。 ?夫善学者不耻下问，择善而从之，冀闻道也。 4(你从《陈太丘与友期》一文中得到了什么启示, 译句: ?学者之大忌，莫逾自厌，盍改之乎, 二四(小时了了 《世说新语》 译句: 孔文举年十岁，随父到洛。时李元礼有盛名，为司隶校尉。诣4(选出与“李生故寻王生”句中“故”的意思相同的一项( ) 门者皆俊才清称及中表亲戚乃通。文举至门，谓吏曰:“我是李府君A(公问其故 B(广故数言欲亡 C(故为之说 D(桓侯故使人问之 亲。”既通，前坐。元礼问曰:“君与仆有何亲,”对曰:“昔先君仲5(李生认为怎样才是“善学者”,(用原文回答) 尼与君先人伯阳有师资之尊，是仆与君奕世为通好也。”元礼及宾客 答: 莫不奇之。太中大夫陈韪后至，人以其语语之，韪曰:“小时了了，二二( 诫子书 大未必佳。”文举曰:“想君小时，必当了了。”韪大踧踖。 夫君子之行，静以修身，俭以养德，非澹泊无以明志，非宁(孔文举:东汉的孔融。 清称:有名誉。 中表:指的是亲戚。 伯静无以致远。夫学须静也，才须学也，非学无以广才，非志无以成阳:老子的号。 学。淫慢不能励精，险躁则不能治性。年与时驰，意与日去，遂成 奕世:世世代代。 了了:聪明 踧踖 :局促不安的样子。) 枯落，多不接世，悲守穷庐，将复何及～ 1(解释加点词的含义。 1(用现代汉语翻译下面的句子。 ?诣门者皆俊才清称及中表亲戚乃通 ?既通，前坐 ? 静以修身, 俭以养德。 ?元礼及宾客莫不奇之 ?人以其语语之 ?非澹泊无以明志，非宁静无以致远。 2(翻译系列句子。 ?非学无以广才，非志无以成学。 ?元礼及宾客莫不奇之。 ?悲守穷庐，将复何及～ ?小时了了，大未必佳 2( 本文作者就哪几个方面进行了论述,从这几个方面又是怎样展开 论述的, 3(文举曰:“想君小时，必当了了。”这里，孔融只是说了个前提，省略 了结论。请你把它补写出来。 答: 3( 作者诸葛亮写这封信的用意是什么, 4(从上文看，孔融是个怎样的人,你还知道有关他的其他故事吗,请 你写出一个。 答: 4( 文中有两句话常被人们用作“志当存高远”的座右铭，请写出这 二五(齐宣王使人吹竽，必三百人。南郭处士请为王吹竽，宣两句话。 5 ?但当涉猎，见往事耳 ?卿言多务，孰若孤 王说之，廪食以数百人。宣王死，湣王立，好一一听之，处士逃。 1(解释加点词的含义。 ?及鲁肃过寻阳，与蒙论?蒙乃始就学 (1)南郭处士请为王吹竽 为: 议 2)宣王说之，廪食以数百人 说: 2(文中有两个通假字，请找出并释义。 ( (?3)好一一听之，处士逃 好: 通 ，释义 。 ? 通 ，释2(请你用一个成语概括这个故事的大意: 义 。 3(南郭处士本不会吹竿，可他却为齐宣王吹竽多年，为什么会出现这3(解释下列句子中“以”的不同含义。 种现象? ?辞以军中多务 ?以丛草为林 ?温故而知新，可以为师矣 ?子以我为不信 4(南郭处士逃走后，你认为他会去做什么? 4( 根据下列句子，写出成语。 ?卿今者才略，非复吴下阿蒙～ 成语: ?士别三日即便刮目相待，大兄何见事之晚乎～ 成语: 二六(虎求百兽而食之，得狐，狐曰:“子无敢食我也。天帝使 5(翻译下列句子。 我长百兽;今子食我，是逆?天帝命也。子以我为不信?，吾为子 ?孤岂欲卿治经为博士邪～ 先行;子随我后，观百兽之见我而敢不走乎,”虎以为然，故遂与 之行。兽见之皆走。虎不知兽畏己而走也，以为畏狐也。 [注: ?逆:违抗 ?不信:不诚实，不可靠。 ?士别三日，即便刮目相待，大兄何见事之晚乎～ 1(解释加点词语 。 6(1)天帝使我长百兽 (2)子以我为不信，吾为子先 (本文通过记述孙权劝勉吕蒙努力致学的故事，说明了什么道理, 行答: (3)虎以为然，故遂与之行 (4)兽见之皆走 二八(虽有嘉肴，弗食不知其旨也;虽有至道，弗学不知其善2、翻译句子。 也。是故学然后知不足，教然后知困。知不足，然后能自反也;知?今子食我，是逆天帝命也。 困，然后自强也。故曰:教学相长也。 ?子随我后，观百兽之见我而敢不走乎～ 1( 给下列句中加点的字在( )中注音，在横线上释义。 ?弗食不知其旨( ) ?教学相长( ) 2?虎不知兽畏己而走也，以为畏狐也。 ( 翻译句子。 ?学然后知不足，教然后知困。 3(解释下列句子中加点词“之”的不同含义。 译文: 〈1〉观百兽之见我而敢不走乎 ( ) 〈2〉故遂与之?教学相长也。 行 ( ) 译文: 〈3〉其不善者而改之 ( ) 〈4〉曾子之妻之3(《教学相长》集中论述了 与 的关系问题，说明了 的道理。 市 ( ) 〈5〉学而时习之 ( ) 〈6〉见藐小之物必细察其纹理 4((用原文填空)本文在论述时先以“ ”作比继而引入“ ”，( ) 进而又以教与学两个方面加以说明，最后归结到“ ”4(从这则寓言可概括出的成语是 ，与这个故事意思这个结论。 相同或相近的成语或四字词语: ，它们都是用来比喻 二九(荀巨伯探友 一类人。 荀巨伯远看友人疾，值胡贼攻郡，友人语巨伯曰:“吾今死5(你是如何评价文中的这只狐狸的,请谈谈你的看法。 矣，子速去。”巨伯曰:“远来相视，子令吾去，败义以求生，岂 荀巨伯所行邪～”贼既至，谓巨伯曰:“大军至，一郡尽空。汝何二七(初，权谓吕蒙曰:“卿今当涂掌事。不可不学～”蒙辞以男子，而敢独止,”巨伯曰:“友人有疾，不忍委之，宁以我身代军中多务。权曰:“孤岂欲卿治经为博士邪～但当涉猎，见往事耳。友人命。”贼相谓曰:“我辈无义之人，而入有义之国。”遂班军而卿言多务，孰若孤,孤常读书，自以为大有所益。”蒙乃始就学。及还，一郡并获全。(刘义庆《世说新语?德行》) 注解:?值:适逢。 ?郡:此指城。 ?相视:看望你。 鲁肃过寻阳，与蒙论议，大惊曰:“卿今者才略，非复吴下阿蒙～” ?败义:毁坏道义。 ?一:整个 ?班军:调回出外打仗蒙曰:“士别三日，即便刮目相待，大兄何见事之晚乎～”肃遂拜蒙 的军队。 母，结友而别。 1(解释加点词的含义。 1、选出与“我辈无义之人”中的“之”字用法相同的一项( ) 6 A、吾欲之南海 B、水陆草木之花 1(解释加点词。 C、怅恨久之 D、属于作文以记之 (1)欲负而走，则钟大不可负 (2)遽掩其耳 2.、将下面的句子译成现代汉语。 (3)恶人闻之，可也 (4)恶人闻之，可也 (1)吾今死矣，子速去。 2(翻译句子。 (1)恐人闻之而夺己也，遽掩其耳。 (2)远来相视，子令吾去，败义以求生，岂荀巨伯所行邪～ (2)恶人闻之，可也;恶己自闻之，悖矣。 (3)友人有疾，不忍委之。 3(“恶己自闻之，悖矣。” 这位盗钟者到底“悖”在哪里, 3、你从本文中获得了哪些启发, 4(请你说说这则寓言的寓意。 三十(吴人孙山，滑稽才子也。赴举他郡，乡人托以子偕往。 5(成语 就出自这里。请你写出“掩”开头的两个成语。 乡人子失意，山缀榜末，先归。乡人问其子得失，山曰“解元尽处 (1) (2) 是孙山，贤郎更在孙山外。” (解元，就是我国科举制度所 规定 关于下班后关闭电源的规定党章中关于入党时间的规定公务员考核规定下载规定办法文件下载宁波关于闷顶的规定 的举人第一名。而孙山在诗里所谓的“解三三(宋人有耕者。田中有株，兔走触株，折颈而死。 因释其元”，乃是泛指一般考取的举人。) 耒而守株，冀复得兔。兔不可复得，而身为宋国笑。 1(翻译句子。 1(解释加点词的含义。 ((1)兔走触株，折颈而死 (1)乡人子失意，山缀榜末，先归。 2)因释其耒而守株 4)兔不可复得，而身 (3)冀复得兔 ((2)解元尽处是孙山，贤郎更在孙山外。 为宋国笑 2(翻译句子。 兔不可复得，而身为宋国笑。 译文: 2( 上文的大意可用成语 来概括，比 喻 。 3(用一个成语概括这则寓言的大意: 4(这个故事讽刺了哪一类人,它告诉了人们一个什么道理, 3(从上文看，孙山是个怎样的人, 三一(楚人有鬻盾与矛者，誉之曰:“吾盾之坚，物莫能陷之。”三四(宋人有悯其苗之不长而揠之者，芒芒然归，谓其人曰:“今又誉其矛曰:“吾矛之利，于物无不陷也。”或曰:“以子之矛陷子之日病矣～予助苗长矣。”其子趋而往视之，苗则槁矣。 天下之不助盾，何如,”其人勿能应也。夫不可陷之盾与无不陷之矛不可同世苗长者寡矣。以为无益而舍之者，不耘苗者也;助之长者，揠苗者而立。 也。非徒无益，而又害之。 注释:长――生长、发育的意思。揠――拔的意思。芒――疲乏。芒芒然，1(解释下列句子中的加点词的含义。 很疲倦的样子。 (1)楚人有鬻盾与矛者 (2)吾盾之坚，物莫谓――告诉。予――文言人称代词，我的意思。非徒――不仅只是。 1(解释加点词的含义。 能陷之。 (1)宋人有悯其苗之不长而揠之者 (3)夫不可陷之盾与无不陷之矛不可同世而立。 (2)今日病矣～予助苗长矣。 (3)其子趋而往视之，苗则槁矣 2(翻译句子。 (4)以为无益而舍之者，不耘苗者也 (1)吾矛之利，于物无不陷也。 三五(楚有祠者，赐其舍人卮酒。舍人相谓曰:“数人饮之不足，(2)以子之矛陷子之盾，何如, 一人饮之有余。请画地为蛇，先成者饮酒。”一人蛇先成，引酒且饮3(上文的内容可用成语 来概括。 之，乃左手持卮，右手画蛇曰:“我能为之足～”未成，一人之蛇成4(“其人勿能应也”。当时，这位楚人的神态会是怎样的呢,请你用一夺取卮曰:“蛇固无足，子安能为之足,”遂饮其酒。为蛇足者，终个成语或者俗语来回答。 亡其酒。 5(我们生活中自相矛盾的事例耶很多。请你举出两个来。 注释:祠——音词，祠堂，封建社会中祭祀祖宗或先贤、烈士的地方。这里(1) 是祭祀的意思。舍人——部属，在自己手下办事的人。卮——音之，古代饮酒用(2) 的器皿。固——固然，本来的意思。安——文言疑问词，怎么、怎样的意思。亡三二( 范氏之亡也，百姓有得钟者。欲负而走，则钟大不可负，——不存在，这里是失去、得不到的意思。 以椎毁之，钟况然有音。恐人闻之而夺己也，遽掩其耳。恶人闻之，1(解释下列加点词的含义。 可也;恶己自闻之，悖矣。 (1)一人蛇先成，引酒且饮之 (2)我能为之足 7 (3)蛇固无足 (4)为蛇足者，终亡其酒 三十八、杞人有忧天地崩坠，身亡所寄，废寝食者。又有忧彼 2(翻译文言句子。 之所忧者，因往晓之，曰:天，积气耳，亡处亡气。若屈伸呼吸， (1)数人饮之不足，一人饮之有余。 终日在天中行止，奈何忧崩坠乎,其人曰:天果积气，日月星宿， 不当坠邪,晓之者曰:日月星宿，亦积气中之有光耀者，只使坠， (2)蛇固无足，子安能为之足, 亦不能有所中伤。 其人曰:奈地坏何, 晓者曰:地积块耳，充塞 四虚，亡处亡块。若躇步跳蹈，终日在地上行止，奈何忧其坏,其 3(请你用一个成语来概括上文的大意: 人舍然大喜。晓之者亦舍然大喜。 (《列子》杞人忧天) 4(这个故事给你什么启发, 1(解释下列加点词的含义。 ( 1)忧天地崩坠，身亡所寄 (2)因往晓之 (3)若屈伸呼吸 (4)其人舍然大喜 2(翻译句子。 三十六、楚人有涉江者，其剑自舟中坠于水。遽契其舟，曰: (1)奈何忧崩坠乎, “是吾剑之所从坠。”舟止，从其所契者入水求之。舟已行矣，而 (2)地积块耳，充塞四虚，亡处亡块。 剑不行。求剑若此，不亦惑乎～ 注释:涉——跋涉，就是渡过江河的意思。遽——音句，急遽，立刻，表示时间很紧3(杞人忧天的故事，讽刺了生活中的哪一类人,这个成语的含义与迫。契——音气，动词，用刀子雕刻。惑——音或，迷惑，这里是对事物感到糊涂不理解哪一句俗语大致相同, 的意思。吕氏春秋——这是一部古书的名称，是秦国的宰相吕不韦的宾客们合编的。全书 的内容较杂，包括儒家、道家等各家学说，共分八览、六论、十二纪。 4(从探究的角度上看，你是如何评价这位 “忧天”的杞人的? ?解释加点词的含义。 (1)其剑自舟中坠于水 三十九、昔齐人有欲金者，清旦衣冠而之市，适鬻金者之所， (2)从其所契者入水求之 因攫其金而去，吏捕得之，问曰:人皆在焉，子攫人之金何,对曰: (3)舟已行矣，而剑不行 取金之时，不见人，徒见金。 1(解释加点词的含义。 2(翻译句子。 (1)是吾剑之所从坠。 (1)清旦衣冠而之市 (2)适鬻金者之所 (2)求剑若此，不亦惑乎～ (3)因攫其金而去 (4)不见人，徒见金 3(这个故事告诉我们一个什么道理? 2(翻译句子。 4( 现实生活中，也不乏类似于刻舟求剑这样的故事，请你举出两个 取金之时，不见人，徒见金。 事例来。 翻译: 3(用成语 来评价这位“攫金者”是比较恰当 三十七、园中有榆，其上有蝉。蝉方奋翼悲鸣，欲饮清露，不的。 知螳螂之在后，曲其颈，欲攫而食之也。螳螂方欲食蝉，而不知黄4( 现实生活中，类似于“攫金者”这样的人也是不少的。“攫金”雀在后，举其颈，欲啄而食之也。黄雀方欲食螳螂，不知童子挟弹的形式可能不同，但结果往往相同。你能举出两个典型的例子吗, 丸在榆下，迎而欲弹之。童子方欲弹黄雀，不知前有深坑，后有掘 株也。 1(解释加点词的含义。 四十、田登作郡，自讳其名，触者必怒，吏卒多被榜笞，于是 (1)蝉方奋翼悲鸣，欲饮清露 (2)曲其颈，欲攫而食举州皆谓灯为“火”。上元放灯，许人入州治游观，吏人遂书榜揭于之也 市曰:“本州依例放火三日。” (3)举其颈，欲啄而食之也 (4)童子方欲弹黄雀 (注解:田登，人名。 上元:元宵节 ) 2(翻译下列句子。 1(解释加点词: (1)螳螂方欲食蝉，而不知黄雀在后，举其颈，欲啄而食之也。 (1)田登作郡，自讳其名(2)于是举州皆谓灯为“火” 2(翻译下列句子。 (2)童子方欲弹黄雀，不知前有深坑，后有掘株也。 于是举州皆谓灯为“火”。 译文: 3(请你用一个成语概括上文的大意: 3(这个故事的大意可以用两句话来表达，即: 4(你从这个故事中获得了哪些启示, 4(你认为，田登是个怎样的人, 8 四十一、永之氓咸善游。一日，水暴甚，有五六氓，乘小船绝而骤得十金，犹为不足乎,”渔者黯然而退。他日，贾人浮吕梁而湘水。中济，船破，皆游，其一氓尽力而不能寻常。其侣曰:汝善下，舟薄于石又覆，而渔者在焉。人曰:“盍救诸,”渔者曰:“是游最也，今何后为,曰:吾腰千钱，重，是以后。曰:何不去之,(注解:贾人——商人 巨室——许金而不酬者也～”袖而观之，遂没。 大财主 ) 不应，摇其首。有顷，益怠。已济者立岸上，呼且号曰:汝愚之甚～ 1(解释下列加点词的含义。 蔽之甚～身且死，何以货为,又摇其首，遂溺死。 1(解释加点词: (1)有渔者以舟往救之 (2)一日之获几何 (1)永之氓咸善游 (2)乘小船绝湘水 (3)而骤得十金，犹为不足乎 (4)袖而观之 (3)吾腰千钱 (4)有顷，益怠 2(翻译句子。 2(翻译句子。 (1)向许百金而今予十金，无乃不可乎, (1)汝善游最也，今何后为, 译文: (2)曰:吾腰千钱，重，是以后。 译文: (2)若渔者也，一日之获几何? (3)汝愚之甚～蔽之甚～ 译文: (4)身且死，何以货为, 译文: (3)盍救诸, 3(这个故事讽刺了哪些人, (4)是许金而不酬者也～ 四十二( 管仲、隰朋?从于桓公而伐孤竹?，春往冬反，迷3(请你用四个字概括这个故事的大意: 惑失道。管仲曰:“老马之智可用也。”乃放老马而随之，遂得道。4(你从这个故事中悟出了哪些道理,请至少写出两条。 行山中无水，隰朋曰:“蚁冬居山之阳，夏居山之阴，蚁壤一寸而仞(1) 有水。”乃掘之，遂得水。以管仲之圣而隰朋之智，至其所不知，不(2) 难?师于老马、老蚁，今人不知以其愚心而师圣人之智，不亦过乎, 四四(范文正公守邠(bīn)州，暇日率僚属(下属的官吏)登注释:?管仲、隰(xǐ)朋:都是春秋时期辅佐齐桓公的大臣。?孤竹:商、周时期的一 楼置酒，未举觞，见缞绖(cuī dié 丧服)数人营理葬具者。公亟(j个小国家。?不难:不惜，不耻。 í急迫地)令询之，乃寓居士人(寄居在外的读书人)卒于邠，将 出殡近郊，赗(fènɡ)敛棺槨(下葬的物品)皆所未具。公怃然(失1(解释加点的“乃”字的含义。 意的样子)，即彻(通“撤”)宴席，厚赒(zhōu 救济)给之，使(1)乃掘之，遂得水。 (2)王师北定中原日，家祭无忘 毕其事。坐客感叹有泣下者。 告乃翁。 注释: ?缞绖(cuī dié ):丧服。?赗敛棺槨:下葬的物品。?怃然:失意的样子。(3)乃至被谗受贬 (4)然床头捉刀人，此乃英雄也。 ?彻:通“撤”。?赒:救济。 (5)太丘舍去，去后乃至 1(解释下列加点词的含义。 2、下列句子翻译错误的一项是( ) (1)暇日率僚属登楼置酒 (2)乃寓居士人卒于邠 A老马之智可用也。 译文:老马的智慧可以利用啊。 (3)赗敛棺槨皆所未具 (4)厚赒给之，使毕其 B蚁冬居山之阳，夏居山之阴。译文:蚂蚁冬天住在山的北面，夏事 天住在山的南面。 2(翻译下列句子。 C蚁壤一寸而仞有水。 译文:蚁壤高达一寸，下面一仞的地方(1)公怃然，即彻宴席，厚赒给之，使毕其事。 就有水。 D以管仲之圣而隰朋之智，至其所不知，不难师于老马、老蚁。 (2)坐客感叹有泣下者。 译文:凭管仲的圣明和隰朋的智慧，到他们有所不知的时候，并没 有因为向老马、老蚁学习而感到羞耻的。 3( 上文中，哪几句话最能体现范仲淹忧国忧民情怀,清你找出来， 3(翻译句子:今人不知以其愚心而师圣人之智，不亦过乎, 写在下面: 译文: 4(请你能用一个成语来概括上文的大意: 4(请对上文中范文正其人其事简要评价。 四十三、济阴之贾人，渡河而亡其舟，栖于浮苴上号焉。有渔四五(吕文穆公? ( 蒙正 ) 以宽厚为宰相，太宗尤所眷遇。有者以舟往救之。未至，贾人急号曰:我济上之巨室也，能救我，予一朝士，家藏古镜，自言能照二百里，欲因公弟献以求职。其弟伺尔百金? 渔者载而升诸陆，则予十金。渔者曰:“向许百金而今予十间从容言之，公笑曰:“吾面不过碟子大，安用照二百里,”其弟遂金，无乃不可乎, ”贾人勃然作色曰:“若渔者也，一日之获几何?不复敢言。闻者叹服，以为贤于李卫公?远矣。盖寡好而不为物累 9 者，昔贤之所难也。(注释:?吕文穆公:吕蒙正，宋太宗时任宰相。文穆是他的谥四八(客有过主人者，见其灶直突，傍有积薪。客谓主人:“更 号。?孝卫公:唐初功臣李靖，曾封为卫国公。) 为曲突，远徙其薪;不者，且有火患。”主人嘿然不应。俄而，家果1(选出与“其弟伺间从容言之”中的“之”字用法相同的一项:( ) 失火，邻里共救之，幸而得息。于是杀牛置酒，谢其邻人，灼烂者A、昔贤之所难也 B、今子欺之，是教子欺也 在上行，余各以功次坐，而不录言曲突者。或谓主人曰:“乡使听客C、其子患之，告其父曰 D、丞相熟视久之，亦不自识 之言，不弗牛酒，终亡火患。今论功而请宾，曲突徙薪亡恩泽，焦2(下列句子中加点词的意义与现代汉语不同的一项是:( ) 头烂额为上客耶,”主人乃寤而请之。 注释:(1)过:拜访。(2)堗(tū):烟囱。(3)嘿:同“默”。(4)居无何:过了不久。(5)上A、其弟伺间从容言之 B、闻者叹服 行(hāng):上坐。 C、魏王雅望非常 D、乡人子失意，山缀榜末， (6)突:烟囱 先归 3(翻译下面的句子: 1(指出下面两句中的通假字。 ?不者，且有火患 “ (1)其弟伺间从容言之。 ”通“ ” ?曲突徙薪亡恩泽 “ ”通“ ” (2)盖寡好而不为物累者，昔贤之所难也 ?主人嘿然不应 “ ”通“ ”?不弗牛酒，终无火患 “ ” 通“ ” 2(解释下列句子中加点词的含义。 4(在作者看来，倡廉拒贿应该做到哪两点, 答(1) (1)更为曲突，远徙其薪 (2)余各以功次坐 (2) (3)乡使听客之言 (4)主人乃寤而请之 3(将下列句子译成现代汉语。 四六、一日，上谓解缙曰:“卿知宫中夜来有喜乎,可作一诗。” (1)更为曲突，远徙其薪;不者，且有火患。 缙方吟曰:“君王昨夜降金龙。”上遽曰:“是女儿。”即应曰:“化 作嫦娥下九重。”上曰:“已死矣。” 又曰:“料是世间留不住。” (2)乡使听客之言，不弗牛酒，终亡火患。 上曰:“已投之水矣。”又曰:“翻 身跳入水晶宫。”上本欲诡言以困之。既得诗，深叹其敏。 【注释】?解缙:明朝人。?内苑:御花园。?上:指明成祖朱棣。?卿:你 4(“主人乃寤而请之。”主人悟出了什么道理,( ) 1(明成祖朱棣原来的意图是什么, A.应该首先感谢有先见之明的人。 B.不应忘记提醒过自己的人。 C.更要感激进忠言的人。 D.要接受不听忠告的教训，勇2(从上文看，解缙是个怎样的人, 于承认错误。 5(除了“焦头烂额”外，文中还有一个成语是: ，它的四七(王积薪棋术功成，自谓天下无敌。将游京师，宿于逆旅。含义同我们今天所说的一个俗语是相同的，那就是:______________ 既灭烛，闻主人媪隔壁呼其妇曰:“良宵难遣，可棋一局乎?”妇四九(上常从容与信言诸将能不，各有差。上问曰:“如我，能曰:“诺。”媪曰:“第几道下子矣。”妇曰:“第几道下子矣。”各将几何,”信曰:“陛下不过能将十万。”上曰:“"于君何如,”曰:言数十。媪曰:“尔败矣。”妇曰:“伏局。”积薪暗记，明日复其“臣多多而益善耳。”上笑曰:“多多益善，何为为我禽,”"信曰:势，意思皆所不及也。 “陛下不能将兵，而善将将，此乃信之所以为陛下禽也。” 【注释】?王积薪:围棋高手。?道:本文指围棋布子的位置，唐代围棋棋盘纵横各1(对加点词语的解释有误的一项是( ) 十九道线，双方均在横竖线交叉点布子。这里，婆媳分居两室，都是心中虚设一盘，A(如我，能将几何 带兵 B(多多而益善耳 更加 攻成过程全凭记忆。?伏局:认输。?复其势:复验那盘棋的局势。意思是按自己暗C(陛下不能将兵，而善将将 喜欢 D(之所以为陛下禽中记忆的，把那盘棋重新布子走一遍。 也 „„的原因 1(解释下列加点词在文中的意思。 2(上文中有两个通假字，请找出并解释。 ?宿于逆旅 ( ) ?良宵难遣( ) (1)“ ”通“ ”，含义: 2(“意思皆所不及也。”可见媪妇二人棋艺之高，你认为她们技艺高明具体(2)“ ”通“ ”，含义: 表现在何处? 3(把下列文言句子译成现代汉语。 (1)多多益善，何为为我禽, 译文: (2)此乃信之所以为陛下禽也。译文: 3(选文短小精粹，趣中寓理，从王积薪最初“自谓天下无敌”，到自叹棋艺不4(对文章意思理解不正确的一项是( ) 及媪妇，为我们揭示了一个怎样的道理? A(刘邦和韩信有一次谈论各位将领的才能，他们的看法有些不同。 B(韩信的内心深处，其实是认为自己的统兵才能要高过刘邦。 10 C(“上笑曰”中的“笑”，其实是冷笑，既表现了刘邦对韩信的回答14(对比，立志。 的不满，也是在嘲笑韩信虽有统兵之能，却也不得不臣服于自己。 六(1(偷偷地 就 入迷 神情平静 2(王冕是诸暨的人。 晚 D(韩信最后的自圆其说，一方面是无可奈何的承认自己确实在某些上，(他)偷偷地跑出来，坐到佛像的膝盖上，在长明灯光的映照下，拿着方面比不上刘邦，另一方面也显示了他随机应变的机智，避免了刘邦对自书苦读。 3(年轻时必须勤读苦练，长大后方能有所作为。 己的不满和猜忌。 王冕是诸暨县人。七八岁时，父亲叫他在田埂上放牛，他偷偷地跑进 学堂，去听学生念书。听完以后，总是默默地记住。傍晚回家，他把放牧五十、宋之丁氏，家无井而出溉汲，常一人居外。及其家穿井， 的牛都忘记了。王冕的父亲大怒，打了王冕一顿。过后，他仍是这样。他告人日:“吾穿井得一人。”有闻而传之者曰:“丁氏穿井得一人。” 的母亲说:“这孩子想读书这样入迷，何不由着他呢,”王冕由是离开家，国人道之闻之于宋君宋君令人问之于丁氏丁氏对曰得一 寄住在寺庙里。一到夜里，他就暗暗地走出来，坐在佛像的膝盖上，手里人之使非得一人于井中也 1(给上文中没有标点的句子加上标点符号。 拿着书就着佛像前长明灯的灯光诵读，书声琅琅一直读到天亮。佛像多是 2.解释加点的词: 泥塑的，一个个面目狰狞凶恶，令人害怕。王冕虽是小孩，却神色安然， 及其家穿井( ) 国人道之闻之于宋君( ) 好像没有看见似的。 3(翻译句子; 七(1?我想要去楚国 ?马虽好，但这不是去楚国的路。 (1)吾穿井得一人。 译文: 2、?南辕北辙或 背道而驰 (2)得一人之使非得一人于井中也。 译文: ?要想达到预期的目标，必须认清努力方向。如果行动与目标完全 4(宋君为什么要派人向丁家询问这件事呢, 相反，即使有许多优点和长处，也不一定能获得成功。 八(1.做官 吃 用来 去除 5(这个故事告诉了我们一个什么道理, 2.菱角是生长在水里的却说成是在土里生长的，这是因为他硬把不知 道的说成是知道的啊。3.(略) 15(给加点字解释 参考答案: 九(1(感到为难 幸好、幸亏 因为 凭借 2(能不能讲求信用(大意符合即可)3(难道能因为事情危急就丢下一(1( D(应为“只是”之意) 他吗, 2( 现在你欺骗他，这是教他学会欺骗啊。(错译“欺”、两个“子”字每 个扣0(5分;后一句的“是”字所表达的意思和判断句的特点未译出要扣4(我认为是华歆优王朗劣。理由是:华歆讲信用而且考虑问题很周到，1分。) 当初“难之”的原因就是考虑到接纳“欲依附”者后的问题，毕竟，他们自己3( 无论是教育子女还是做人，都必须讲个“信”字，要说到做到，不能也是避难者。而王朗表面上是见义勇为，救助他人，实际上，他却胆小怕事，说谎。(只要大意对即可) 一见事态危急就想把逃难者丢下，不讲信用。 二(1、C 2、D 3、多读古人的文章 只是致力于读书. 十(1(居:一起 店铺 三(1.他狡诈，怕自己形陋，叫人扮自己接待使者:他多疑，事毕后2(比喻污浊的环境，也比喻恶人聚集的地方。 派间谍听消息;他残酷，怕匈奴使对自己不利，派人追杀。 3(近墨者黑 4((言之成理即可) 2.曹操叫崔琰代替自己接见匈奴使臣，自己却持刀站立床头。接见完十一 1((1)喜欢 喜爱 (2)抄录 (3)迷惑不解的样子 (4)毕，叫人问匈奴使臣:“魏王何如,”回答说:“魏王雅望非常，然床头捉写 刀人，此乃英雄也。”(见于《世说新语•容止》)后来把代替别人做文章(代2(这是什么字啊, 丞相仔细地看了很久，连自己也不能识别。人做事)叫捉刀。 3((略) 3.不恰当。因为匈奴使就是从相貌上看出“此乃英雄也”的;而“人十二 1(由节俭进入奢侈(是)容易(的)，由奢侈进入节俭(却)困不可貌相”常用在外表上看不出，实际上却很有本领的场合。 难(了)。2(略) 4.能写出传神的眼神和气势，就是佳作。 十三1((1)下雪(2)通“披”，穿着 (3)一会儿(4)领教、受教 四(1.(1)dúo量(长短)(2)dù尺寸\尺码(3)dù尺寸\尺码 2((1)奇怪啊，下了三天雪可却不那么冷。 2(等到他返回后，集市已经散了，(他)最终也没有买到鞋。 (2)古代贤明的君王自己饱后会想到别人还饿着，自己穿暖后会 为什么不用脚去试试呢, 想到别人还冻着，自己安逸后会想到别人辛劳着。3((言之成理即可) 3(而置之其坐(脚的尺寸 ) 至之市( 到、往 )而忘操之(脚的尺十四1((1)这样 (2)轻视(3)少(4)害处2(傅毅和班固两人文才相当，寸)反归取之(脚的尺寸) 何不试之以足(鞋子) 不分高下，然而班固轻视傅毅。(2)家中有一把破扫帚，也会看它价值千 4(这则寓言讽刺了那些办事过于死板，只信教条，讲形式，不相信实金。3(夫人善于自见，而文非一体;鲜能备善，是以各以所长，相轻所短。际的人，告诉人们做事不能过分拘泥形式，要注重实际。 里语曰:“家有弊帚，享之千金。”斯不自见之患也。4、敝帚自珍 五(12(?边境。?到。?反而。?凭借 十五1.(1)忧虑、担忧(2)赶走 (3)这不是 (4) 危害 2((1)我就会饥 13(人们确立志向，难道还比不上四川边境上的和尚吗, 寒交迫，其危害不是比没有鸡更大吗, (2)为什么要把那猫赶走呢, 11 3(C 纪大了，贻误了岁月，即使想改过自勉，恐怕也来不及了～”王生听完他的 十六 1.?向 ?尽\完 ?大道 ?阻止 2(薛谭于是向秦青道话，感到震惊，醒悟过来，道歉说:“我真不聪明，今天才知道你说得对。歉，要求回来继续学习。 3((供参考)无论是学习知识还是学习技术，我把你的话当作座右铭，用来展示明显的警戒。”) 都应该精益求精，不能自满。百尺竿头，尚需更进一步，何况是技艺不精1 ?用恬静来修养自己的身心，用节俭来培养自己的品德。?不抛二二 的人呢,虚心方能让人进步，傲慢只能阻止自己前进的步伐。 4(开功名利禄就不能表明自己崇高的志向，不做到安静就不能高瞻远瞩。?薛 谭身上当然也有可取之处。他能够及时地知错改过，向老师道歉，并永远不学习无法扩展才能，没有志向就不能在学习上有所成就。?晚年守着破不说回去之类的话，这说明他认识到了知识是无穷无尽的道理。“过而能改，房子痛惜过去，还怎能来得及呢, 2 作者就学习和做人两个方面进行了论述;无论做人;还是学习，作者善莫大焉。” 十七1(?幼年丧父 ?有时 洗 ?供给 ?在背后说坏话 2(B 强调的是一个“静”字:修身须要静，学习须要静，获得成就也取决于静。3(有时候，在夜晚(读书读得)眼睛昏花，疲惫困倦，(他)就用冷水冲把失败归结为一个“躁”字，把“静”与“躁”加以对比，增强了论述效果。 3. 告诫儿子修身养性，生活节俭，以此来培养自己的品德。 4.非澹泊无心明头洗脸。 妻子和孩子的衣食仅自保养罢了。 4(?年少家贫而胸有 志，非宁静无心致远。 大志。?做官后因直言而遭谗降职。?刻苦自励而心忧天下。5((略) 十八1(?向?戏弄?昏暗?点燃 2((1)哪有做臣子的和君主开【译文】 君子的品德，靠静来修身，靠俭来养德，不抛开功名利禄就玩笑的呢, 不能表明自己崇高的志向，不做到安静就不能高瞻远瞩。学习必须安静焉，(2)晚年的时候喜欢学习，就象点蜡烛一样明亮，点上蜡烛和暗中走路才能来源于学习，不学习无法扩展才能，没有志向就不能在学习上有甩成哪个好呢, 就。享乐过度就不能挂历精神，暴躁就不能陶冶性情。年华和时光一同逝 3(一个人要有活到才老学到老的精神。 去了，意志和时间一同消失了，象枯枝败叶一样凋落，对社会没有任何贡 献，晚年守着破房子痛惜过去，还怎能来得及呢, 十九1(?到，此指照射过来?报酬?把?就 2(?匡衡就在墙壁上凿了一个洞，让邻居家的光亮照过来，拿着书映着二三1(约会 约定 才 丢弃 丢下 回头(看) 2(?不是人啊～灯光来读书。?匡衡就到他家去做雇工，又不要报酬。 跟人家约定好一同走的，却丢下朋友独自离开了。 ?(你)到了正午却 没到，就是不讲信用，对着儿子骂他的父亲，就是不讲礼貌。3(4((略) 3(凿壁借光，凿开墙壁，借邻居的灯光来读书，现在这个成语形容勤学 二四1(?拜访 ?走上前 ?感到奇怪 以„„为奇(认为„„奇怪)苦练。 ?告诉 4(?学习要主动——匡衡凿壁借光，主动创造条件来学习，其好学的精2(?李元礼和宾客没有不对他感到惊奇的。?小时候聪明伶俐，长大后 未必出色。 神值得学习。 3(难怪大后，如此不佳。4(机智聪慧，能言善辩。 孔融让梨 ?学习要刻苦——虽然家庭贫穷，可是，他不畏艰苦的环境，并且能(译文:孔融十岁时，跟随父亲到洛阳。当时李元礼很有名气，任司隶校 尉，登门拜见的都是些英俊有名的人或者是亲戚，他们才能通报进门。孔融来以“与其佣作而不求偿”的方式“得主人书遍读之”，也是值得我们学习的。 到门前，对守门人说:“我是李府君的亲戚。”通报之后，进了门，他就走上前二十1(?教诲，教导?这样?引，拉?及，比得上2(C 3(?只听去，坐了下来。李元礼问他说:“您和我是什么亲戚啊,”孔融回答说:“从前 我的祖先仲尼和您的祖先伯阳有师弟关系，所以，我和您是世代之好呀～”李弈秋的教导。?能说(难道)是他的聪明才智不如前一个人吗,4(.阐明 元礼和宾客没有不感到惊奇的。太中大夫陈韪后到，有人把孔融的话告诉了他。了学习必须专心致志，才能有所收获的道理。 陈韪说:“小时候聪明伶俐，长大后未必出色。”孔融(听了后就对他)说:“推 想你小时候一定是聪明伶俐的。”陈韪非常尴尬。) 二一1(?zhì;同“识”记 ?shuì;劝说 ?xuán;同“旋”，转身 ?cuō tuó 二五1((1)替 \ 给 (2)通“悦”，愉快 \ 高兴(3) 喜欢\喜爱 光阴消逝 2(滥竽充数 3(管理混乱， 职责 岗位职责下载项目部各岗位职责下载项目部各岗位职责下载建筑公司岗位职责下载社工督导职责.docx 不明;领导昏庸，优劣不辨。4((略) ?yuè 通“悦”，高兴，愉快 ?yùn 恼恨，怨恨 2(B 惘 3(?善于 二六1(?做首领?认为?对的?逃跑 2(?现在你吃掉我，是违背天学习的人不会把向地位比自己低的人请教当成耻辱，选择最好的人，跟随 帝的命令。?你跟随在我后面，观看各种野兽看见我有敢不逃跑的吗,?老虎他学习，是希望听到真理啊～ 不知道野兽是害怕自己而逃跑的，认为(它们)是害怕狐狸。 ?学习的人最大的忌讳，没有超过自己满足，你为什么不改正呢,4(D 3(?助词，无义 ?它，代狐狸 ?它，代缺点或错误 ?到 ?它，代5(?学贵善思 ?不耻不问，择善而从之 学过的知识 ?的4(狐假虎威 狗仗人势 倚仗别人威势来欺压(王生爱好学习而不得法。他的朋友李生问他说:“有人说你不善于学 人 5((从正反两面评价都可以) 习，是真的吗,”王生不高兴，说:“凡是老师所讲的，我都能记住它，这 老虎寻找各种野兽吃掉他们，抓到(一只)狐狸。狐狸说:“您不敢吃我～不也是善于学习吗,”李生劝他说:“孔子说过„学习，但是不思考，就会感 天帝派遣我来做各种野兽的首领，现在你吃掉我，是违背天帝的命令。你认为到迷惑?，学习贵在善于思考，你只是记住老师讲的知识，但不去思考，最 我的(话)不诚实，我在你前面行走，你跟随在我后面，观看各种野兽看见我终一定不会有什么成就，根据什么说你善于学习呢,”王生更恼恨，不理睬 有敢不逃跑的吗,”老虎认为(狐狸的话)是有道理的，所以就和它(一起)李生，转身就跑。过了五天，李生特地找到王生，告诉他说:“那些善于学 走。野兽看见它们都逃跑了。老虎不知道野兽是害怕自己而逃跑的，还认为(它习的人不把向地位比自己低的人请教当成耻辱，选择最好的人，跟随他， 们)是害怕狐狸。 希望听到真理啊～我的话还没说完，你就变了脸色离支，几乎要拒绝人千 二七1(?广泛阅读?谁，哪一个?就，于是?到，等到 2(?“邪”里之外，哪里是善于学习的人所应该具有的(态度)呢,如不改正，等年 12 通“耶”，吗 ?“耳”通“尔”，罢了3(?用 ?把 ?凭(凭借) ?认扬善 为 4(?吴下阿蒙 ?刮目相看(待) 2)放下 (3)希望 (4)被 三三1((1)逃跑，奔跑 ( 5(?我难道要您研究经典成为博士吗,?读书人离别三日，就应该重新别守株待兔4(既2(兔子是不可能再得到了，可是自身却被宋国人耻笑。3( ((供参考)时间就如海绵力的讽刺了懒汉思想，也批判了经验主义。这告诉我们，切不可把偶然的侥幸作眼相看。大哥为什么这么迟才改变看法呢,6 水，要挤总是会有的;读书不一定求精，广泛阅读对丰富一个人的见识总为做事的根据，如果抱着侥幸的心理，片面地凭着老经验去办事，一般是不会有好处的;读书能够改变人。 会成功的。 三四1(担忧 劳累 赶去 放弃 2((1)天下不想帮助秧苗【译文】 当初，孙权对吕蒙说:“您现在担任要职，不可以不学习～吕蒙以 生长的人是很少的。(2)(这样做)不只是毫无益处的，还会害了秧苗啊。军中事务繁多为借口推辞了。孙权说:“我难道要您研究经典成为博士吗,只3(拔苗助长 寓言从反面生动地说明了这样一个道理:遇事如果不从客 观实际出发，只能是好心办坏事。4((略) 要您广泛阅读，见识从前的事情罢了。您说事务繁多，哪里比得上我呢,我常 三五1((1)将要(2)替、给(3)本来(4)失去、得不到 常读书，自己觉得有很大的收获。”于是吕蒙开始学习。到了鲁肃经过寻阳， 2((1)几个人喝这杯酒不够，一个人喝这杯酒又有多。(2)蛇本来就跟吕蒙一道议论军事，非常惊讶地说:“您现在的才干谋略，不再是当年吴地 没有脚，你怎么能给它画上脚呢, 3(画蛇添足 4(为人处世，不能总是的阿蒙～”吕蒙说:“读书人离别三日，就应该重新别眼相看。大哥为什么这么 觉得自己比别人高明，十分了不起，于是不顾客观实际，主观武断，否则，迟才改变看法呢～”鲁肃于是拜见吕蒙 的母亲，与吕蒙结为朋友才辞别。 对人对事，总是有害的。多此一举，往往会让你失去很多，造成不必要的二八1(?味美?zhǎng 促进，提高2(?学然后才知道自己的欠缺， 损失。 教然后知自己理解不透。?教与学是互相促进，相互提高的。3(教 学 教 三六1(到 它，代剑 可是，但是2((1)这是我们的剑坠下学相长 4( 嘉肴，至道，教学相长 去的地方。(2)像这样去找剑，不是很糊涂的吗, 3(世界上的事物， 总是在不断地发展变化，人们想问题、办事情，都应当考虑到这种变化，【译文】即使有美味的熟食，不吃就不知道它的味美;即使有最好的道 适合于这种变化的需要。4、(略) 理，不学就不知道它的好处。因此，学然后才知道自己的欠缺，教然后知自己三七1(展开 夺取(这里有“捕捉”的意思) 抬(起)、伸长 正 理解不透。知道了自己欠缺，然后才能自己刻苦地钻研。所以说:教与学是互2((1)螳螂正想吃蝉，却不知道黄雀在它的后面，伸长脖子，正想相促进的。 啄食它呢。 二九1、B 2、(1)我现在要死了，你赶快离开。(2)(我)从老远的(2)小孩子正想(拉开弹弓)去弹黄雀，却不知道前有深坑后有截地方来看你，可你却让我离开，使我成为一个不讲道义而只顾求生的人，断的树桩。 这难道是我荀巨伯应该做的吗,(3) 朋友有病，(我)不忍心丢下他(独3(螳螂捕蝉，黄雀在后 4(?为人处世，应该有长远的打算，不能鼠自离开)。3、友情无价。人世间最宝贵的就是赤城的友爱，它比生命还值目寸光，只顾眼前的利益;?绞尽脑汁，挖空心思去侵害别人的人，也得人们珍惜。 往往被他人算计。 译文:荀巨伯远道去探望生病的朋友，正好遇上胡兵进攻郡城。朋友对荀三八1((1)通“无”，没有(2)告诉，使人明白 (3)你 (4)放巨伯说:“我现在就要死了～您还是离开吧。”荀巨伯说:“我远道来看你，你心的样子 2((1)为什么要担忧天会迸裂、地会塌陷呢, (2)大地是由却让我离开，让我舍弃正义来保全性命，这哪里是我荀巨伯做的事～” 胡兵土块和石块组成的，它们充满着四方，没有一处地方是没有土块和石块的。进城后，对荀巨伯说:“我们的大军一到，整个郡城的人都跑光了，你是什么3(讽刺的是生活中那种为一些不切实际的事情没根据更没必要忧愁的人。人，竟敢独自一个人留下来,”荀巨伯说:“朋友有病，不忍心抛弃他，我宁愿它与俗语“天下本无事，庸人自扰之”的含义大致相同。 4((略) 用自己的身家性命来代替朋友的性命。” 胡兵相互议论说:“我们这些不懂道三九1((1)穿好衣服，戴好帽子 (2)到， 去(3)离开 (4)只义的人，却侵入了重道义的郡城～”于是撤回大军。整个郡城都得以保全。 (是) 2((我)抢夺金子的时候，看不见(任何)人，只是看得见金子。 三十1((1)乡人的儿子因没有考上心情很不好，而孙山的名字写在3(利令智昏 见钱眼开 4(刘长清(江西省副省长) 举人榜上的最末处，他就先回家了。(2)举人榜上最末一个名字是我孙山，四十1(忌讳 全，整 2(于是整个州都把灯说成是“火”。3(只而你的令郎还落在我的后面呀。2(名落孙山，投考不中或选拔时未被录取 许州官放火，不许百姓点灯 4(专制、蛮横、独裁，不顾老百姓生活的胡3(幽默诙谐，滑稽风趣 作非为的昏官。 三一1((1)卖 (2)助词，无义 (3)同时存在2((1)我的矛很锋利， 故事北宋时，有个州的太守名田登，为人专制蛮横，因为他名“登”，锋利得没有一样东西不能被刺穿的呀。(2)用您的矛来刺您的盾，会怎所以不许州内的百姓在谈话时说到任何一个与“登”字同音的字。于是，只要么样,3(自相矛盾 4(瞠目结舌 目瞪口呆5((略) 是与“登”字同音的，都要其它字来代替。谁要是触犯了他这个忌讳，便要被 三二1((1)逃跑(2)马上，立即(3)害怕，担忧(4)钟声2((1)加上“侮辱地方长官”的罪名，重则判刑，轻则挨板子。不少吏卒因为说到与害怕人家听到来夺取自己(已经偷到手的钟)，就立即捂住自己的耳朵。(2)“登”同音的字，都遭到鞭打。一年一度的元宵佳节即将到来。依照以往的惯担忧人家听到，这是可以理解的，可是担忧自己听到(就捂住耳朵)，这就例，州城里都要放三天焰火，点三天花灯表示庆祝。州府衙门要提前贴出告示，大错特错了啊～3(捂住自己的耳朵，并不能捂住钟声，人家照旧可以听到让老百姓到时候前来观灯。可是这次，却让出告示的官员感到左有为难。(怎的，这只不过是自欺欺人罢了。4(寓意:做贼心虚的人，欺骗得了自己，么写呢?用上“灯”字，要触犯太守;不用“灯”字，意思又表达不明白。想欺骗不了别人。5(掩耳盗铃 掩过饰非 掩旗息鼓 掩人耳目 掩过(恶)了好久，写告示的小官员只能把“灯”字改成”火”字。这样，告示上就写成 13 了“本州照例放火三日”。告示贴出后，老百姓看了都惊吵喧闹起来。尤其是们一同来救火，幸好把火扑灭了。于是，(主人)杀牛置办酒席，答谢邻人一些外地来的客人，更是丈二和尚摸不着头脑，还真的以为官府要在城里放三们。被火烧伤的人安排在上席，其余的按照功劳依次排定座位，却不邀请天火呢!大家纷纷收拾行李，争着离开这是非之地。当地的老百姓，平时对于提“曲突”建议的客人。有人对主人说:“当初如果听了那位客人的话，也田登的专制蛮横无理已经是非常不满，这次看了官府贴出的这张告示，更是气不用破费摆设酒席，始终也不会有火患。现在评论功劳，邀请宾客，(为什愤万分，忿忿他说:“只许州官放火，不许百姓点灯，这是什么世道!” 田么)提‘曲突徙薪’建议的人没有受到答谢、恩惠，而被烧伤的人却成了登作郡，自讳其名，触者必怒，吏卒多被鞭笞，于是举州皆谓灯为火。值上无上客呢,”主人这才醒悟去邀请那位客人 效灯，许人人州治游观，吏人遂书榜揭于市日:“本州依例放火三日。” 四九1(C 2(“常”通“尝”;“禽”通“擒”3((1)(你说你是)越 释义:允许当官的放火胡作非为，不允许老百姓点灯照明。比喻反动统治多越好，那么，为什么你会被我捉住的呢,(2)这就是我韩信被你陛下捉者能够胡作非为，老百姓的正当言行却受到种种限制。 住的原因啊。4(D 四一1((1)都、全部(2)渡(横渡)(3)腰上挂着(4)更加 五十1(国人道之，闻之于宋君。宋君令人问之于丁氏，丁氏对曰:“得 2((1)你是最善于游泳的，今天怎么会落在最后面呀, (2)(那个一人之使，非得一人于井中也” 2(等到 议论 3((1)我打了一口井，人)回答说:“我的腰上挂着许多银子，太重了，因此落在后面了。”(3)多出了一个人的使用。(2)是多出了一个人的使用，而不是从井里得到了你真是太愚蠢了～太糊涂了～(4)自身都要被淹死了，还要那些银子做什一个人。4(宋君怀疑这种说法，认为不大可能是这样的。 5(以讹传讹，么用呢,3(讽刺那些要钱不要命(嗜财如命)的人。 道听途说的话是不足为信的。流言止于智者。 四二(1)于是、就 (2)你的 (3)竟然 (4)是 (5)才 2(B 3(现在的人却不知道用他们愚笨的心思去学习圣人的智慧，这不也是反问句改为陈述句的方法: 很过分的吗,(不也是一大过失吗,) 4(老马识途 1、将反问句中的肯定词改为否定词，或将否定词改为肯定词。 2、将反问句中的反问语气词(怎、怎么、难道等)去掉。 四三1((1)用(2)多少(3)还(是)(4)卷起袖子 、将句末的疑问助词(呢、吗等)去掉，问号改为句号。 3 2((1)刚才(你)许诺给(我)一百两银子的，可是，现在却只给我 练习题: 十两银子，这大概不可以吧～(2)你是一个渔夫，一天能得到多少(银子) 1、这幅画不是我们班蔡颖画的吗, 2、不好好学习，怎能取得好成呢,(3)为什么不去救他呢,(4)这就是那个许诺给银子又不愿偿付的绩呢, 人啊～3(许金不偿 4((略) 3、对少数同学不守纪律的现象，我们怎能不闻不问呢, 四四1(空闲时(休息日) 死 准备 完成2((1)范文正公听后十 4、那奔驰的列车不是我们祖国奋勇前进的象征吗, 分伤感，当即就撤消了酒宴，拿出钱救济给他，并让人为这位读书人办完了丧 事。(2)在座的宾客们感动叹息，以至于有流下眼泪的。(“坐”不能译成“坐着5、功课没做完，怎么能去看电影呢, 6、不劳动，连棵花也养不活，难道 这不是真理吗, 的”) 3(公怃然，即彻宴席，厚赒给之，使毕其事。4(与“先天下之忧而 忧，后天下之乐而乐”一致或相近的评价即可。 7、我们怎能因为学习任务重而不参加体育活动呢, 四五1(C 2(C 3((1)他的弟弟等待到机会后就神态自若地把这件事 8、没有革命先辈的流血牺牲，怎么会有我们今天的幸福生活呢, 告诉了他。 9、小玲取得的优异成绩不是她勤奋学习的结果吗, (2)喜欢一样东西却不被这件东西所牵累的人大概是很少的，这是过去 的贤人也很难做到的啊～ 4((1)严以律己，秉公处事;(2)胸怀坦荡，10、我们怎能被困难吓倒呢, 12、难道你们见过这样的总 理吗, 不为物累。 四六1(“本欲诡言以困之”，想难住他。2(反应敏捷，心智聪慧。 13、我的心绷紧紧的，这怎么能忍受呢, 14、这潮湿冰冷的地面怎么 能睡呢, 四七1(?旅店?排遣，消遣(意思对即可 ) 2(此题能答出隔墙下棋之意 即可。示例:婆媳隔墙下棋，手中无子，心中有棋，进退取舍，全凭记忆。 15、我们是学生，怎能不遵守学校的纪律呢, 3(符合文意、言之成理即可，鼓励有创见的表述。示例:天外有天，不可 16、那平静的“湖面”不是被它踩碎的吗, 孤芳自赏。(或艺海无涯，不可夜郎自大。) 17、小姑娘天真的心灵，不正像一个含苞欲放的花蕾吗, 四八1((1)不——否 (2)亡——无 (3)嘿——默 (4)弗——费 2((1) 改(更改)(2)按照 (3)通“向”，先前(4)才 3((1)把它改为弯18、这些树叶难道不是从这棵树上飘落下来的吗, 曲的烟囱，把那些柴草移到远处去;否则，将会有火灾发生。(2)先前 19、咱们不是早就分好了吗, 20、游览了长城，我怎能不受到教如果听从那位客人的话，那么，就不必破费这么多的酒肉了，也始终也育呢, 不会有火患。4(D 5(曲突徙薪 防患于未然 21、我们没有近道，和你们走的不是一条道吗, 译文:有一个过访主人的客人，看到(主人家)炉灶的烟囱是直的， 22、这个世界上怎么没有您最想要的东西呢, 23、人的身躯怎能从狗洞子旁边还堆积着柴草，便对主人说:“把烟囱改为拐弯的，使柴草远离(烟囱)。 里爬出来呢, 不然的话，将会发生火灾。”主人沉默不答应。不久，家里果然失火，邻居 14 (英文版 ) Two regulations promulgated for implementation is in the party in power for a long time and the rule of law conditions, the implementation of comprehensive strictly strategic plan, implementation in accordance with the rules and discipline to manage the party, strengthen inner-party supervision of major initiatives. The two regulations supporting each other, the < code > adhere to a positive advocate, focusing on morality is of Party members and Party leading cadres can see, enough to get a high standard; < rule > around the party discipline, disciplinary ruler requirements, listed as "negative list, focusing on vertical gauge, draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the" bottom line ". Here, the main from four square face two party rules of interpretation: the first part introduces two party Revised regulations the necessity and the revision process; the second part is the interpretation of the two fundamental principles of the revision of laws and regulations in the party; the third part introduces two party regulations modified the main changes and needs to grasp several key problems; the fourth part on how to grasp the implementation of the two regulations of the party. < code > and < Regulations > revised the necessity and revised history of the CPC Central Committee the amendment to the Chinese Communist Party members and leading cadres honest politics several guidelines > and < Chinese Communist Party discipline and Punishment Regulations > column 1 by 2015 to strengthen 15 party laws and regulations focus. Two party regulations revision work lasted a Years, pooling the wisdom of the whole party, ideological consensus, draw historical experience, respect for the wisdom of our predecessors, which reflects the unity of inheritance and innovation; follow the correct direction, grasp the limited goals, adhere to the party's leadership, to solve the masses of the people reflect a focus on the problem. The new revision of the < code > and < rule >, reflects the party's 18 and the eighth session of the third, the spirit of the fourth plenary session, reflecting the experience of studying and implementing the General Secretary Xi Jinping series of important speech, reflects the party's eighteen years comprehensive strictly practice. (a) revised two regulations of the party need of < the ICAC guidelines > in < in 1997 Leaders as members of the Communist Party of China clean politics certain criteria (Trial) > based on revised, the promulgation and implementation of January 2010, to strengthen the construction of the contingent of leading cadres play an important role. But with the party to manage the party strictly administering the deepening, has not been able to fully meet the actual needs. Content is too complicated, "eight prohibition, 52 are not allowed to" hard to remember, and also difficult to put into practice; the second is concisely positive advocated by the lack of prohibited provisions excessive, no autonomy requirements; the third is banned terms and discipline law, both with the party discipline, disciplinary regulations 16 repeat and Criminal law and other laws and regulations repeat; the fourth is to "clean" the theme is not prominent, not for the existing problems, and is narrow, only needle of county-level leading cadres above. < rule > is in 1997 < Chinese Communist Party disciplinary cases (Trial) > based on revision, in December 2003 the promulgation and implementation, to strengthen the construction of the party play very important role. Along with the development of the situation, which many provisions have been unable to fully meet the comprehensive strictly administering the practice needs. One is Ji law, more than half of the provisions and criminal law and other countries laws and regulations Repetition; two is the political discipline regulations is not prominent, not specific, for violation of the party constitution, damage the authority of Party Constitution of misconduct lack necessary and serious responsibility to pursue; third is the main discipline for the leading cadres, does not cover all Party members. Based on the above situation, need to < the criterion of a clean and honest administration > and < rule > the two is likely to be more relevant regulations first amendment. By revising, really put the authority of Party discipline, the seriousness in the party tree and call up the majority of Party members and cadres of the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness. (II) two party regulations revision process the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China attaches great importance to two regulations revision . Xi Jinping, general books recorded in the Fifth 17 Plenary Session of the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, on the revised regulations < > made clear instructions. According to the central deployment, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection from 2014 under six months begin study two regulations revision. The Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 4 review revised. Comrade Wang Qishan 14 times held a special meeting to study two regulations revision, amendment clarifies the direction, major issues of principle, path and target, respectively held a forum will listen to part of the province (area) secretary of the Party committee, Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission, part of the central ministries and state organs Department The first party committee is mainly responsible for people, views of experts and scholars and grassroots party organizations and Party members. Approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, on 7 September 2015, the general office of the Central Committee of the Party issued a notice to solicit the provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) Party, the central ministries and commissions, state ministries and commissions of the Party (party), the General Political Department of the military, every 3 people organization of Party of two regulations revision opinion. Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of extensive solicitation of opinions, careful study, attracting, formed a revised sent reviewers. In October 8 and October 12, Central Committee Political 18 Bureau Standing Committee and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee After consideration of the two regulations revised draft. On October 18, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China formally issued two regulations. Can say, two laws amendment concentrated the wisdom of the whole party, embodies the party. Second, < code > and < Regulations > revision of the basic principles of two party regulations revision work and implement the party's eighteen, ten eight plenary, the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping important instructions on the revised < low political criterion > and < Regulations >, highlighting the ruling party characteristics, serious discipline, the discipline quite in front of the law, based on the current, a long-term, advance as a whole, with Bu Xiuding independent < rule > and < rule >. Main principle is: first, adhere to the party constitution to follow. The constitution about discipline and self-discipline required specific, awaken the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness, maintaining the authority of the constitution. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that "no rules, no side round. Party constitution is the fundamental law, the party must follow the general rules. In early 2015 held the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee, Xi Jinping again pointed out that constitution is the party must follow the general rules, but also the general rules." the revision 19 of the < code > and < rule > is Method in adhere to the regulations established for the purpose of combining rule of virtue is to adhere to the party constitution as a fundamental to follow, the constitution authority set up, wake up the party constitution and party rules the sense of discipline, the party constitution about discipline and self-discipline specific requirements. 4 second is to adhere to in accordance with the regulations governing the party and the party. The Party of rule of virtue "de", mainly refers to the party's ideals and beliefs, excellent traditional style. The revised the < code > closely linked to the "self-discipline", insisting on the positive initiative, for all members, highlight the "vital few", emphasized self-discipline, focusing on the morality, and the majority of Party members and the ideological and moral standards. The revised < > Ji method separately, Ji, Ji Yan to Method, as a "negative list", emphasizing the heteronomy, focusing on vertical gauge. Is this one high and one low, a positive reaction, the strict party discipline and practice results transformation for the integration of the whole party to observe moral and discipline requirements, for the majority of Party members and cadres provides benchmarking and ruler. Third, insist on to. In view of the problems existing in the party at the present stage, the main problems of Party members and cadres in the aspect of self-discipline and abide by the discipline to make clearly defined, especially the party's eighteen years strict political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline and 20 to implement the central eight provisions of the spirit against the four winds and other requirements into Disciplinary provisions. Not one pace reachs the designated position, focusing on in line with reality, pragmatic and effective. After the revision of major changes, major changes in the < code > and < rule > modified and needs to grasp several key problems (a) < code > < code > adhere to according to regulations governing the party and party with morals in combination, for at the present stage, the leadership of the party members and cadres and Party members in existing main problems of self-discipline, put forward principles, requirements and specifications, showing Communists noble moral pursuit, reflected at all times and in all over the world ethics from high from low 5 common requirements. One is closely linked to the "self-discipline", removal and no direct relation to the provisions of . the second is adhere to a positive advocate, "eight prohibition" 52 are not allowed to "about the content of the" negative list moved into synchronization amendment < cases >. Three is for all the party members, will apply object from the leadership of the party members and cadres to expand to all Party members, fully embodies the comprehensive strictly required. The fourth is prominent key minority, seize the leadership of the party members and cadres is the key, and put forward higher requirements than the ordinary Party members. Five is to simplify, and strive to achieve concise, easy to understand, easy to remember. The revised < code > is the ruling Party since the first insists on 21 a positive advocate forAll Party members and the self-discipline norms, moral declaration issued to all members of the party and the National People's solemn commitment. > < criterion of a clean and honest administration consists of 4 parts, 18, more than 3600 words. After the revision of the < code >, a total of eight, 281 words, including lead, specification and Party member cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms, etc. Part 3 members low-cost clean and self-discipline, the main contents can be summarized as "four must" "eight code". Lead part, reiterated on ideal and faith, fundamental purpose, the fine traditions and work style, noble sentiments, such as "four must" the principle of requirements, strong tone of self-discipline, The higher request for 6 and supervised tenet, the foothold in permanent Bao the party's advanced nature and purity, to reflect the revised standards requirements. Members of self-discipline norms around the party members how to correctly treat and deal with the "public and private", "cheap and rot" thrifty and extravagance "bitter music", put forward the "four norms". Party leader cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms for the leadership of the party members and cadres of the "vital few", around the "clean politics", from civil servant of the color, the exercise of power, moral integrity, a good family tradition and other aspects of the leadership of the party members and cadres of the "four norms" < > < norm norm. "The Party member's self-discipline norms" and "party members and leading cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms," a 22 total of eight, collectively referred to as the "eight". "Four must" and "eight" of the content from the party constitution and Party's several generation of leaders, especially Xi Jinping, general secretary of the important discussion, refer to the "three discipline and eight points for attention" statements, and reference some embody the Chinese nation excellent traditional culture essence of epigrams. (2) the revised regulations, the main changes in the revised Regulations > to fully adapt to the strictly requirements, reflects the according to the regulations governing the law of recognition of deepening, the realization of the discipline construction and Jin Ju. < rule > is party a ruler, members of the basic line and follow. And the majority of Party members and cadres of Party organizations at all levels should adhere to the bottom line of thinking, fear discipline, hold the bottom line, as a preventive measure, to keep the party's advanced nature and purity. 1, respect for the constitution, refinement and discipline. Revised < rule > from comprehensive comb physical constitution began, the party constitution and other regulations of the Party of Party organizations and Party discipline requirements refinement, clearly defined in violation of the party constitution will be in accordance with regulations to give the corresponding disciplinary action. The original 10 categories of misconduct, integration specification for political discipline, discipline, honesty and discipline masses Ji Law and discipline and discipline and other six categories, the content of < rule > 23 real return to Party discipline, for the majority of Party members and listed a "negative list. 7 2, highlighting the political discipline and political rules. > < Regulations according to the stage of the discipline of outstanding performance, emphasizing political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline, in opposition to the party's leadership and the party's basic theory, basic line, basic program and basic experience, the basic requirement of behavior made prescribed punishment, increase the cliques, against the organization such as violation of the provisions, to ensure that the central government decrees and the Party of centralized and unified. 3, adhere to strict discipline in the law and discipline In front, Ji separated. Revised < Regulations > adhere to the problem oriented, do Ji separated. Any national law existing content, will not repeat the provisions, the total removal of 79 and criminal law, repeat the content of the public security management punishment law, and other laws and regulations. In the general reiterated that party organizations and Party members must conscientiously accept the party's discipline, die van comply with national laws and regulations; at the same time, to investigate violations of Party members and even criminal behavior of Party discipline and responsibility, > < Regulations distinguish five different conditions, with special provisions were made provisions, so as to realize the connection of Party discipline and state law. 4, reflect Wind building and anti-corruption struggle of the latest achievements. < rule > the party's eighteen years 24 implement the spirit of the central provisions of the eight, against the requirements of the "four winds" and transformation for disciplinary provisions, reflecting the style construction is always on the road, not a gust of wind. In the fight against corruption out of new problems, increase the trading rights, the use of authority relatives profit and other disciplinary terms. Prominent discipline of the masses, the new against the interests of the masses and ignore the demands of the masses and other disciplinary terms and make provisions of the disposition and the destruction of the party's close ties with the masses. Discipline to protect the party's purpose. 8 of these regulations, a total of three series, Chapter 15, 178, more than 24000 words, after the revision of the regulations a total of 3 series, Chapter 11, 133, 17000 words, divided into "general" and "special provisions" and "Supplementary Provisions" Part 3. Among them, add, delete, modify the provisions of the proportion of up to nearly 90%. 1, the general general is divided into five chapters. The first chapter to the regulations of the guiding ideology, principles and scope of application of the provisions, highlight the strengthening of the party constitution consciousness, maintenance the authority of Party Constitution, increase the party organizations and Party members must abide by the party constitution, Yan Centralized centralized, would examine at all levels of the amended provisions implementing and maintaining Party discipline, and consciously accept the party discipline, 25 exemplary compliance with national laws and regulations. The second chapter of discipline concept, disciplinary action types and effects of the regulations, will be a serious warning from the original a year for a year and a half; increase the Party Congress representative, by leaving the party above (including leave probation) punishment, the party organization should be terminated its representative qualification provisions. The third chapter of the disciplinary rules of use prescribed in the discipline rectifying process, non convergence, not close hand classified as severely or heavier punishment. "Discipline straighten "At least eighteen years of five years, these five years is to pay close attention to the provisions of the central eight implementation and anti -" four winds ". The fourth chapter on suspicion of illegal party disciplinary distinguish five different conditions, with special provisions were made provisions, to achieve effective convergence of Party and country 9 method. < rule > the provisions of Article 27, Party organizations in the disciplinary review found that party members have committed embezzlement, bribery, dereliction of duty dereliction of duty and other criminal law act is suspected of committing a crime shall give cancel party posts, probation or expelled from the party. The second is < Regulations > Article 28 the provisions of Party organizations in the disciplinary review But found that party members are stipulated in the criminal law, although not involved in a crime shall be investigated for Party discipline and responsibility should 26 be depending on the specific circumstances shall be given a warning until expelled punishment. This situation and a difference is that the former regulation behavior has been suspected of a crime, the feeling is quite strict, and the latter for the behavior not involving crime, only the objective performance of the provisions of the criminal code of behavior, but the plot is a crime to slightly. < Regulations > the 29 provisions, Party organizations in the discipline review found that party members and other illegal behavior, affect the party's image, the damage to the party, the state and the people's interests, we should depend on the situation Seriousness given disciplinary action. The loss of Party members, seriously damaging the party's image of behavior, should be given expelled from the party. At this article is party member is in violation of the criminal law outside the other illegal acts, such as violates the public security administration punishment law, customs law, financial laws and regulations behavior. The fourth is < cases > Article 32 stipulates, minor party members and the circumstances of the crime, the people's Procuratorate shall make a decision not to initiate a prosecution, or the people's court shall make a conviction and exempted from criminal punishment shall be given within the party is removed from his post, probation or expelled from the party. Party members and crime, sheets were fined in accordance with For acts; the principal Ordinance amended the provisions of the preceding paragraph. This is the new content, in order to achieve Ji method effective 27 convergence. Five is < > the thirty third article 10 of the provisions, the Party member due to an intentional crime is sentenced to criminal law (including probation) sheets or additional deprivation of political rights; due to negligence crime and was sentenced to three years or more (excluding three years) a penalty, shall give expelled punishment. Due to negligence crime is convicted and sentenced to three years (including three years) in prison or be sentenced to public surveillance, detention, shall in general be expelled from the party. For the individual may not be expelled from the party, should control Approval. This is followed and retained the original > < Regulations the provisions of punishment party authorization rules and report to a level party organizations. For is "party members with criminal acts, and by the criminal punishment, generally should be expelled from the party". The fifth chapter of probationary Party member of the discipline and discipline after missing members of the treatment and punishment decisions, such as the implementation of the provisions, clear the related party discipline and punishment decision made after, for duties, wages and other relevant alteration formalities for the longest time. 2, sub sub section will the original regulations of 10 categories of acts of violation of discipline integration revised into 6 categories, respectively, in violation of the punishments for acts of political discipline "in violation of discipline behavior of punishment" in violation of integrity of disciplinary action points "of violation punishments for acts 28 of mass discipline" "the violation of work discipline, punishment" in violation of discipline of life behavior punishment "6 chapters. 3, annex" Supplementary Provisions "clear authority making supplementary provisions of, cases of interpretative organ, as well as regulations implementation time and retroactivity etc.. 11 (3) learning understanding > < regulations needs to grasp several key problems The first problem -- about the violation of political discipline behavior > < new ordinance chapter 6 the political discipline column for the six disciplines, that is the main opposition to Party leadership and the opposition of the basic theory, basic line, basic program and basic experience, basic requirements of misconduct made provisions of the disposition, especially the eighteen since the CPC Central Committee put forward the Yan Mingzheng treatment of discipline and political rules requirements and practical achievements transformation for Discipline article, increase the false debate central policies, cliques, against the organization review, make no discipline of the principle of harmony terms. These are the party's eighteen years in comprehensive strictly Process combined with the practice of rich content. (1) false debate the central policies and undermine the Party of centralized and unified the problem is made in accordance with the provisions of the party constitution. Constitution in general programme requirements adhere to democratic centralism is one of the requirements of the construction of the party must adhere to the four cardinal. Application 29 of this principle is not only the party the basic organization principle and is also the mass line in party life, it requires that we must fully develop inner-party democracy, respect for the dominant position of Party members, safeguarding the Party member democratic rights, give full play to the enthusiasm and creativity of the party organizations at all levels and Party members, at the same time, also must implement the right concentration, ensure the party's mission < the chaos in unity and concerted action to ensure that the party's decision to get quickly and effectively implementing. The Party Central Committee formulated the major principles and policies, through different channels and ways, fully listen to the party organizations and Party members of the opinions and suggestions, but 12 is some people face to face not to say back blather "" will not say, after the meeting said, "" Taiwan does not say, and nonsense ", in fact, not only disrupt the people thought, some causing serious consequences, the damage to the Party of the centralized and unified, hinder the central policy implementation, but also a serious violation of the democratic system of principles. There is no doubt that shall, in accordance with the Regulations > 4 Specified in Article 6 to give the appropriate punishment. For did not cause serious consequences, to give criticism and education or the corresponding tissue processing. (2) about the destruction of the party's unity < New Regulations > the forty eighth to fifty second article, to damage Party's unity unified and violation of political discipline, punishment situation 30 made explicit provisions. Article 52 of the new "in the party get round group, gangs seek private gain, cliques, cultivate private forces or through the exchange of interests, for their own to create momentum and other activities to gain political capital, given a serious warning or withdraw from their party posts disposition; if the circumstances are serious, to give Leave a party to observation or expelled from the party. (3) on against the organization review of the provisions of the constitution, party loyalty honesty is party members must comply with the obligations. Members must obey the organization decision, shall not violate the organization decided encounters by asking questions to find organization, rely on the organization, shall not deceive the organization, against the organization. For example, after the investigation does not take the initiative to explain the situation, but to engage in offensive and defensive alliance, hiding the stolen money is against survey organization, is a violation of the behavior of political discipline. Article 24 of the original > < Regulations, although the provisions of the interference, hinder group review the behavior of the fabric can be severely or 13 Aggravated punishment, but did not put this kind of behavior alone as a discipline for qualitative amount of discipline. > < new regulations increase the Article 57, "anti organization review, one of the following acts, given a warning or serious warning; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, give 31 expelled from the party: (a) on supply or forged, destroyed, transfer, conceal evidence; (II) to prevent others expose, providing evidence Material; (III) harboring co personnel; (4) to the organization to provide false information, to hide the fact; (5) the him against the acts of the organization review. "< rule > add this clause to the Constitution requires more specific, the previous no punishment in accordance with the definite list and put forward clear punishment in accordance with. (4) about organizing or participating in superstitious activities as < Regulations > about engage in activities of feudal superstition obstruction of social management order" violations of Article 164 the provisions, but according to the original < rule > only in disrupting production, work, social life order The case to be disciplinary treatment, in other words, alone make the feudal superstition, organize or participate in the activities of feudal superstition of, does not constitute a violation. Which is not consistent with the requirements of our party's political party. > < new regulations in this change is, superstitious activities on the political discipline, increase the Article 58, is the organization of Party members, in superstitious activities included in violation of the negative list of political discipline deserves punishment, which and Party members should adhere to the correct political principle, political standpoint and viewpoint is consistent. 14 the second question about organization and discipline violation behavior of democratic centralism is our The party's fundamental 32 organizational system. < New Regulations > Chapter 7 "in violation of the behavior of organizational discipline punishment" mainly for violation of democratic centralism, contrary to the "four obey the discipline behavior for source classification rules. Increased not in accordance with the relevant provisions or requirements to the organization for instructions to report on major issues; do not report truthfully report about personal matters; falsify personal archives; hide before joining the party serious mistakes; leading cadres in violation of the relevant provisions of the organization, will participate in the spontaneous formation of the old Xiang, Alumni Association, comrades in arms; to obtain illegal country residence abroad or foreign nationality, illegal for private frontier Documents such as discipline terms. (1) on the report truthfully report personal matters in 2010 the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China office, office of the State Council introduced < provisions on issues related to the leading cadres to report personal >, is clear about the request, deputy division level and above leading cadres should truthfully report changes in my marriage and spouse, children, moved to the country (territory), practitioners, income, real estate, investment and other matters, for failing to report, do not report, concealed and unreported, according to the seriousness of the case, giving criticism and education, and to make a correction within a time limit, shall be ordered to make a check, the commandment Jiemian conversation, informed criticism or jobs, free Post 33 processing, constitute violations, in accordance with the relevant provisions shall be given a disciplinary sanction. But since the original < Regulations > and there is no corresponding specific terms, the violation of the regulations, do not report, as a false report about personal matters, there is no corresponding disciplinary action terms, in practice it is difficult to operate. In this regard, in order to solve is not reported, as a false report about personal matters 15 asked censure, the new < Regulations > add the Article 67 of violation of personal matters related to reporting requirements, report truthfully report the clear punishment basis, making this kind of violation behavior is no longer free drilling for Exhibition on matters of personal checks to verify and supervision of cadres, discipline review provides a powerful discipline guarantee. (2) about the illegal organization, to fellow, alumni, friends of the war will < regulations stipulated in Article 68 of >, leading cadres of the party in violation of relevant provisions of the organization, will participate in the spontaneous formation of fellow, Alumni Association, comrade in arms to give the punishment according to the seriousness of the case. Here special needs note is three points: this provision for only the leading cadres ", reflecting the high requirements of leading cadres; second violation in 2002, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, the central Organization Department and the The relevant provisions of the General Political Department jointly issued the < off in leading cadres not to participate in 34 the initiative to set up "the villagers would be" alumni "" comrades in arms organization notice >. That is to say, to the spontaneous formation of fellow, Alumni Association, comrades in arms will constitute the premise of discipline is a violation of the provisions of this. The notification specified, leading cadres are not allowed to participate in the spontaneous incorporation of fellow, alumni, between comrades association would like the organization and shall not bear the sorority Human and the organizer shall not hold the corresponding position in the sorority; shall not borrow machine woven "network" and engage in kiss sparsely, round and round the gangs, but not "align" "Jieyi Gold Orchid" behavior. The third is to emphasize here that shall be organized to participate in the initiative to set up the villager, Alumni Association, comrades in arms. The so-called 16 spontaneous was established mainly means without registration. Therefore, Party members include leading cadres in the normal range of fellow, alumni, comrades in the party is not a violation of the rules of Party discipline. The three problem about integrity violations discipline Lian Jie discipline has been eighteen years clean government and anti The focus of the work of corruption. This Ordinance to amend, honesty and discipline this biggest adjustment, the new content, most of which prescribed by the original < criterion of a clean and honest administration > 8 ban and 52 are not allowed into the basic this part. (1) the central eight provisions of the spirit and requirements into < New > in 35 the regulations of the party's eighteen years, central resolutely implement the provisions of the eight and pay close attention to the node and intensive briefing, on public funds, private bus, public funds tourism, gifts of public funds, the big parade and lavish weddings and festive, illegal payment allowances and subsidies, illegal construction of buildings such as the original masses reflects the relatively strong, "four winds" problem of the Resolute rectification. But original < Regulations > to eat and drink, super standard reception and no clear and specific expression, new < rule > will implement eight Central provisions of the spirit of the problem increased to "clean cheap self-discipline" chapter, clear to exceed the standard, beyond the scope of the reception or borrow machine eating and drinking etc. some in violation of the provisions of the spirit of the eight central relevant persons responsible for punishment, once the violation will be according to the < rule > severely punished, binding, enhanced significantly. One is to add Article 87, about to obtain illegal, hold, and the actual use of the sports card, golf ball cards and other consumer card. Illegal access to private clubs made the punishment provisions. The second is increase the Article 97, has made provisions of the disposition of illegal self pay or 17 spamming allowances, subsidies and bonuses. The third is added to the Article 99, on violation of super standard, beyond the scope of the reception or borrow machine eat and drink to make the provisions of punishment. The fourth is to increase the Article 101, on the management 36 of conference activities in violation of the provisions made sanctions regulations. The fifth is the increased Article 102, for violation of office space management provisions made the punishment provisions. Six is to split the original < rule > Article 78, formed article 98, Article 100 of public Models of tourism, violate the provisions on the administration of the use of discipline of the bus through the list of made a more detailed provisions, apply more operational. Seven is increased the article 96, in violation of the relevant provisions of the, to participate in public funds to pay for dinner, high consumption of entertainment, fitness activities and public funds to buy gift, send gifts to make the provisions of the disposition. On the violation of the central provisions of the spirit of the eight, in addition to > < new regulations into "violation of honesty and self-discipline" misconduct outside, is different with the original < Regulations >, revised < rule > clearly defined not only to disposition of the directly responsible persons, but also dispose of collar Guide responsibilities. (2) increased trading rights, use of authority or position influence as relatives and close to profit violation of the terms of the < New Regulations > absorption < clean politics several guidelines > the relevant provisions spirit, increase the "negative list, including trading rights, the functions and powers or duties of influence as relatives and staff around profit. Increase Article 81" mutual use of office or authority ring for each other and their spouses, children and their spouses and other relatives, 37 around 18 personnel and other specific relationship between the people to seek benefits engage in trading rights, given a warning or serious warning Sanctions; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, shall be expelled from the party. Increase Article 82 "connivance, acquiescence to the spouse, children and spouse etc. relatives and staff around the effect of Party members and cadres personal authority or position for personal gain, if the circumstances are relatively minor, given a warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, the given Expelled from the party. Party members and cadres of the spouses, children and their spouses does the actual work and get salary or although the actual work but to receive significantly beyond the same rank salary standard, Party members and cadres informed fails to correct, in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph. "(3) about the gifts, gifts misconduct from handling practices in recent years, engaged in official cadres received gifts, gifts problems more prominent. This has seriously affected the image of Party members and cadres, damaged the relations between the party and the masses, and is a hotbed of corruption, is really necessary for this kind of behavior to be disciplined. < rule > no on accepting gifts, gifts, Card consumption behavior to engage in simple "one 38 size fits all", but the difference between the different separately. One is in accordance with the provisions of Article 83, accepting may affect the impartial enforcement of the official gifts, gifts, consumer cards to depending on the seriousness of the case shall be given disciplinary sanctions. That is to say, for may affect the fair execution of business gifts, gifts, consumer cards are not allowed to accept. 19 is in accordance with the provisions of Article 83, accepting was significantly higher than normal ceremony is still exchanges of gifts, gifts, consumer card to disciplinary action. This is new regulations that daily life is purely reciprocity, accepting the same thing, boys , fellow friends gifts, gifts, shopping cards, although and fair execution of business has nothing to do, also want to as the case shall be dealt with, the situation is obviously beyond normal reciprocity ". The so-called" reciprocity ", one is emphasizes the reciprocal in protocol. In other words is you to me how, I to you how, not only does not go. The second is to significantly exceeded the normal local economy level, customs and habits, economic capacity of individual gifts, gift value. Specific sanctions to according to the processing of a variety of factors to consider, as appropriate. The third is the root according to the provisions of Article 84," to Engaged in public service personnel and their spouses and children, children's spouses and other relatives and other specific relationship presented Ming Xianchao normal reciprocity of gifts, gifts, consumer card, if the circumstances are 39 relatively serious, given a warning until probation. "In accordance with the above provisions, gift giving significantly beyond the normal reciprocity, giver constitute the discipline. (4) on illegal trading of stocks or of other regulations of securities investment < > Article 88 is engaged in punishment regulation of camp and activity in violation of the relevant provisions on. Among them, 3 will" buying and selling stocks or in other securities investment "column as one of disciplinary cases Out. First need to be clear, > < regulations did not change the provisions of the Ordinance. The ordinance of the provisions of the second paragraph of Article 77 provisions "who, in violation of the provisions of the sale of stocks" is one of the violation, and at the beginning of the first paragraph of this article "violation of 20 against the relevant provisions of the" textual representation of the repeat revision. In, just from the legislative technique removed the "personal" in violation of the provisions, content and not to change the original provisions. Need to clear is, "buy or sell a stock or of other securities investment" refers to violation of the relevant provisions refers to in April 2001, the Party Central Committee, the State Council promulgated the On the work of the party and government organs staff's personal investment in securities if dry provisions >. According to the provisions of Article 3, use of work time, office facilities, the sale of stocks and securities investment fund belongs to illegal behavior. The fourth question, about the violation of the masses of the disciplinary actions < 40 new regulations > would violate public discipline behavior of a single set of a class of restored "three rules of discipline and eight note" in the discipline of the masses of excellent traditional. < New Regulations > Chapter 9 "to violate the masses of disciplinary action", mainly the destruction of the party's close ties with the masses of misconduct made provisions on disciplinary; enrich and perfect the super standard, beyond the scope of Xiang Qun < All to raise fund and labor, in for involving the public affairs deliberately, chinakayao, in social security, policy support, disaster relief funds and materials and other matters assigned any kind and affectionate friends, obviously unfair acts against the interests of the masses of the disciplinary terms; increase the terms not in accordance with the provisions of the public party provided, government, factory and village (neighborhood) provided etc. violation of the people's right to know the behavior of the discipline. The fifth issue, on the violation of work discipline violation of work discipline added "negative list, including Party organizations carry out strictly Main responsibility for poor discipline terms. (1) the new party organization comprehensive strictly the main responsibility of the party does not fulfill the 21 or perform poor disciplinary terms < New Regulations > has a lead people to pay attention to the new terms, that is, in chapter ten "on the violation of work discipline behavior punishment" increase in the one hundred and fourteenth "party fail to perform 41 comprehensive strictly the main responsibility of the party or to perform comprehensive strictly the main responsibility for administering the ineffective, resulting in serious damage or serious adverse effects, to the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership and give a warning or serious warning. The situation is serious, giving removed from their party posts or on probation Punishment. "Here the changes. For the first time, the main responsibility write < rule >. (2) new shall report does not report or false reporting discipline shall increase the 117 bar" in the higher level units to check to inspect the work or report to the parent unit, work report of shall report the matters do not report or do not report, cause serious damage or serious adverse effects of, to the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership, to give warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are serious, giving removed from their party posts or placed on probation. "For example, during the tour visits to the region, the unit Members the obligation to the inspection teams to reflect the true situation, to conceal not reported or intentionally to the inspection teams to provide false information, causing serious damage or serious adverse effects of, the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership should be in accordance with the provisions of < rule > Article 117 to give the appropriate punishment. (3) the new not granted in accordance with the provisions of punishment, not according to the provisions of the implementation of disciplinary measures 22 violation 42 of the provisions of Article 115 "Party organizations have one of the following circumstances, the direct leadership responsibility. Probation: members were sentenced punished, in accordance with the provisions give disciplinary action or in violation of state law Rules of behavior should be given disciplinary punishment and dispose of; disciplinary punishment by decision or complaint review the decision made, not in accordance with the provisions of the implementation decisions on punishment of the party, position, rank, and the treatment of the matters; Party members subject to disciplinary action, not in accordance with the cadre management authority and organizational relationships of by dispose of Party members to carry out education and supervision of daily management. "What needs to be pointed out is," cliff "demoted with cars, housing, secretary problem, implementation is not a discipline and party posts and ranks treatment by the organization department is responsible for the implementation, with cars, housing by the logistics department is responsible for the implementation of, Ji Commission responsible oversight responsibilities. The six questions, about the acts violating the discipline of life "in violation of discipline of life behavior punishment", mainly to "four winds" problems and a serious violation of social morality, family virtue acts of misconduct made provisions on disciplinary, an increase of extravagant life, contrary to the social public order and good customs disciplinary terms. Worth mentioning is, > < Regulations in Article 150 43 about "adultery" "mistress (Cardiff) formulation in the new < rule > is removed, to expand the scope of Article 127 provisions" and others hair improper sexual relations, let face disciplinary action Wider more strict. Four, and earnestly do a good job in the < code > and < rule > implement system of life lies in execution. < code > and < Regulations > is 23 Party organizations at all levels of a strong constraint and all Party members follow. Learning and implementing the < code > and < rule > is party committees (party), commission for discipline, discipline inspection group), the majority of Party members and cadres of the common responsibility, must party caught together, the party one execution. () Party committees (party) and play and implement comprehensive strictly the main responsibility, pays special attention to the two party regulations learning cross penetration. One is to Adhere to the party constitution is fundamental to follow, and resolutely safeguard the authority of the Party Chapter. The second is to adhere to the problem oriented, to strictly political discipline and political rule moments in the first place. The third is to adhere to the discipline and rules quite in front must not allow the bottom line to break the discipline. The fourth is to seriously organize the study of propaganda and education, in the city party members to create a disciplined, about the rules of the strong atmosphere. (II) Commission for Discipline Inspection at all levels (Discipline Inspection Group) to an important basis for the revised two party regulations as, adhere to easily 44 blame, strengthen supervision and enforcement And early method in combining Ji, increase accountability efforts. One is to two regulations within the party important basis, adhere to the party constitution duties, with strict discipline to maintain the constitution authority. The second is to adhere to high standards and keep the bottom line, adhere to Ji Yan in law and discipline, the discipline and rules quite in front, grasping grasping small, easily blame, comprehensive use of supervision and discipline of "four kinds of form" in the discipline embodies the strict requirements and care for the discipline, tighten up, Yan. According to discipline in accordance with regulations to carry out disciplinary review. Increase the violations punishment, clues can initiate an investigation on the trial of cases According to the discipline on the provisions of the proportion of processing and control manager maintains discipline. To focus on investigating non convergence, don't accept hand serious disciplinary violations at the same time, pay more attention to the general review of discipline 24 behavior, and gradually increase the lighter punishment. Four is to illuminate two party regulations, combined with the local district of the Department of party conduct Lianzheng to relevant laws and regulations system clean, timely research proposes to establish, change, waste release opinion, avoid conflict, and the fasten system of cage, and gradually formed not rot, not rot, not want to rot system and working mechanism. (3) the leadership of the party members and cadres 45 should play an exemplary role. The rate of higher consciousness of the front of the Ordinance to lead practice self-discipline norms, leading to maintain discipline of seriousness and authority. One is the above rate, demonstration and guidance, take the lead in learning and mastering the < code > and < > the requirements and regulations, do the deep understanding, learning to use. The second is to play an exemplary role in abiding by discipline rate, take the lead in practicing self-discipline norms, firmly establish before the discipline are equal, the system has no privilege, discipline is no exception, and consciously do standards, require more strict measures more practical. Third is to consciously accept supervision, conscientiously participate in the democratic life and debriefing honesty responsibility, such as Real to the party organization to report personal matters, and to accept the supervision of the work and life of the normal, habits under the supervision of the exercise of power, to carry out the work. The fourth is to set an example for the strict enforcement of discipline. Leading cadres should take the lead in the maintenance of discipline of seriousness and authority, to dare to seriously, dare to struggle, dare to offend people, for misconduct not laissez faire, but do not indulge, not tolerate to ensure the party constitution of party compasses party put in place. (4) the majority of Party members and cadres to set high standards and hold the bottom line, consciously abide by the < code > and < rule >. One is to control the < standard > and < 25 cases >, tight Close connection 46 with their own thoughts, practical work and life, efforts to solve the problems, to enhance the study and implement of the effectiveness and pertinence. The second is to establish a high standard and hold the bottom line, consciously in the self-discipline pursuit of high standards, strictly in the party away from the red line discipline, discipline, about the rules and know fear, distrust, the formation of the honor system, comply with the system, safeguard system of good habits. Regulations and discipline regulations of < < New Revision of the Communist Party of China clean fingered self-discipline criterion > and < Chinese Communist Party Disciplinary Regulations > is the Party Central Committee in the new situation to promote the comprehensive strictly root of the lift, the regulations of the party construction of keeping pace with the times. We should study and implement the Standards > and < > as the primary political task, adhere to the party constitution duties, adhere to the discipline of, Ji Yan in law, the full implementation of supervision and discipline accountability responsibilities for coordination and promotion "four overall" strategic layout in XX District vivid practice to provide a strong guarantee. - Si Jian Wu, and effectively enhance the implementation of the implementation of the < code > < > The consciousness of General Secretary Xi pointed out that the party is in charge of the party, to manage the party; strictly, it can cure good party. Criterion > and < rule > keep pace 47 with the times is our party to form a new potential strictly rules, to deepen understanding of the ruling law, is a comprehensive strictly, and strengthen the supervision within the party important grasper. Criterion > closely linked to the theme of self-discipline, self-discipline intensity-modulated, focusing on morality, for the majority of Party members and cadres set to see, feel the high standard, show the Communists noble moral sentiment; District Ordinance < < rule > the constitution of discipline integration into a political discipline, organization and discipline, honesty and discipline, discipline of the masses, work discipline, discipline, emphasize discipline, focusing on established rules, to draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the bottom line. Party committees (party) to effectively strengthen the study and publicize the implementation of the < code > and < rule > the organization and leadership of criterion > and < > a full range, multi angle, deep publicity, the formation of study and publicize and implement the boom, in order to consolidate the development of good political environment to create a positive environment and atmosphere. The majority of Party members and cadres to strict requirements, the < rule > and < Ordinance cases > as a guide to action and behavior criterion, adhere to the moral standards and discipline of the bottom line, to maintain the discipline of worship and awe, learning, compliance, and maintain party discipline and rules of the model. The discipline inspection and supervision organs and cadres to the < code > and < > as the deepening of 48 the "three", and strengthen supervision and discipline of accountability is important to follow correctly grasp the use of supervision and discipline of "four types", promote the comprehensive strictly in new roots. Strict discipline, adhere to the discipline and rules quite in front of the enterprise in the implementation of expensive to implement to execute. The discipline inspection and supervision organs to implement the < code > and < Efforts to investigate cases > as an opportunity, adhere to the party should manage the party strictly, serious performance of their duties to promote two regulations implementation. Change discipline concept. From the simple "investigation of illegal" to a comprehensive "stare at violate discipline"; from the business case to prosecute the big cases and timely solve the signs of tilt to. From the orientation to the normal supervision; from the tube "minority" to resist the "most". Guide Party members and cadres to seriously implement the < code > and < rule >, consciously abide by the political, organizational, honest people, work, life six discipline. Urge the leadership cadres sent to play an exemplary role, take the lead in strictly enforced. Relaxation and rest Strong wind is Su Ji, closely linked to the "four winds" prone to multiple, the masses reflect the strong important nodes and, glued to the four winds "new form, new trends, seriously investigate and deal with violations of the central eight provisions of the spirit, to increase the bulletin exposure intensity, the formation of Chajiu" four winds "loudly, continue to release and discipline 49 must be strict signal. At the same time, extended supervision tentacles, through the development of the rural and fishery party conduct Lianzheng construction inspection, issued in a timely manner, Chajiu occurred in grassroots side of corruption and unhealthy, and earnestly safeguard the interests of the masses and social stability. The creativity and discipline. Grasp and make good use of the supervision and discipline of" four types ", to ensure the Promoting clues to lots of discipline and the law of the vacuum tube, strict together. Not only to the "less" and "very few" thorough investigation severely punished, but also the "most" to maintain zero tolerance trend through layers of conductive pressure, let the discipline about the rules for each party members and cadres consciously follow. At present, it is necessary to implement the "list" management, strictly follow the clues to the disposal of five standards, make the classification of disposal, dynamic cleanup. Zadok Party committees at all levels to implement the main responsibility, comprehensive use of disciplinary action and tissue processing and other means to effectively curb the commonplace, used to see do not blame the "small problem", not because of "practice" and "exception". Prominent Discipline characteristics, the problems of violation of discipline and rules into the focus of supervision and discipline and disciplinary review. At the same time, increase case double check the intensity, the serious problems of discipline violations or "four winds" ban but not absolutely, not only to be 50 held directly responsible, but also held leadership responsibility; not only to pursue studies the main responsibility of the Party committee, and to pursue Commission for Discipline Inspection and supervision responsibilities and promote accountability to become the new norm. The implementation of supervisory responsibility. Maintain < code > and < rule > the seriousness and authority of the discipline and rules and truly become the party's ruler. Discipline as supervision within the party the specialized agency, we must strengthen the responsibility to act, adhere to the Impartial discipline accountability, earnestly will be strict discipline, discipline must be punished, and severely punish the acts in violation of rules and regulations. 51