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原型理论视角下《米德尔马契》中多萝西娅的形象分析

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原型理论视角下《米德尔马契》中多萝西娅的形象分析原型理论视角下《米德尔马契》中多萝西娅的形象分析 本科毕业设计(论文)说明书 An Archetypal Approach to the Image of Dorothea in Middlemarch 原型理论视角下《米德尔马契》中多萝西娅的形 象分析 学 院 外国语学院 专业班级 英语一班 学生姓名 学生学号 指导教师 提交日期 2015年5月15日 华南理工大学广州学院 学位论文原创性声明 本人郑重声明:所呈交的学位论文,是本人在导师的指导下,独立进行研究工作所取得的成果。除文中已...

原型理论视角下《米德尔马契》中多萝西娅的形象分析
原型理论视角下《米德尔马契》中多萝西娅的形象 分析 定性数据统计分析pdf销售业绩分析模板建筑结构震害分析销售进度分析表京东商城竞争战略分析 本科毕业设计(论文)说明 关于书的成语关于读书的排比句社区图书漂流公约怎么写关于读书的小报汉书pdf An Archetypal Approach to the Image of Dorothea in Middlemarch 原型理论视角下《米德尔马契》中多萝西娅的形 象分析 学 院 外国语学院 专业班级 英语一班 学生姓名 学生学号 指导 教师 教师简历教师简历教师简历教师简历教师简历 提交日期 2015年5月15日 华南理工大学广州学院 学位论文原创性声明 本人郑重声明:所呈交的学位论文,是本人在导师的指导下,独立进行研究工作所取得的成果。除文中已经注明引用的内容外,本论文不含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写过的作品成果。对本文的研究做出重要贡献的个人和集体,均已在文中以明确方式标明。本人完全意识到本声明的法律结果由本人承担。 学位论文作者签名: 日期: 年 月 日 学位论文版权使用授权书 本人完全了解华南理工大学广州学院关于收集、保存、使用学位论文的规定,即:按照有关 要求 对教师党员的评价套管和固井爆破片与爆破装置仓库管理基本要求三甲医院都需要复审吗 提交学位论文的印刷本和电子版本;华南理工大学广州学院图书馆有权保存学位论文的印刷本和电子版,并提供目录检索与阅览服务;可以采用复印、数字化或其它复制手段保存论文;在不以赢利为目的的前提下,可以公布论文的部分或全部内容。 学位论文作者签名: 日期: 年 月 日 指导教师签名: 日期: 年 月 日 作者联系电话: 电子邮箱: 摘要 乔治?艾略特是英国19世纪著名的女作家,她的《米德尔马契》被认为是维多利亚时期最杰出的小说之一。《米德尔马契》主要讲述了三种不同的婚姻。其中一种是多萝西娅的婚姻。多萝西娅一直想要改革社会的不平等现象,但都是以失败告终。为此,她想帮助年龄比自己大很多的丈夫卡索邦完成他的伟业。但是,当多萝西娅从威尔那里知道她丈夫的写作的实情时,感到自尊心受损的丈夫以遗产的继承限制多萝西娅。多萝西娅选择了追求平凡生活和追捧爱的婚姻,她最终打破了传统婚姻观念,改嫁威尔。小说对女性人物角色的描写是无可超越的。小说女主人公多萝西娅一直以来都是艾略特研究界普遍争论的焦点。 本文通过荣格的原型理论,分析出多萝西娅人格结构所体现出的小孩原型、反抗原型和重生原型。论文首先分析出多萝西娅早期生活中所表现的小孩原型和反抗原型导致其陷入人生和婚姻的困境,而卡索邦的死意味着多萝西亚的重生。从第一次婚姻的坟墓中解脱出来,重生原型下,多萝西亚逐渐成熟,渴望普通的婚姻和生活。 通过这三种原型,可以分析出多萝西娅作为一个普通女性在婚姻和生活上自我探求的成长的形象,也可以得知她的行为选择是合理的。 关键词:《米德尔马契》;多萝西娅;荣格原型; 形象 I Abstract thGeorge Eliot was one of the most outstanding English female writers in the 19 century. Her novel Middlemarch was one of the most accomplished and prominent novels of Victorian Era. Middlemarch mainly talks about three different kinds of marriages, with one being Dorothea?s. Dorothea wanted to reform the unfair phenomenon of society, but she always failed. Hence she wanted to help her husband who was much older than her to finish his great work. When her husband knew that Dorothea had known about the truth of his writing, he felt hurt in dignity. So he threatened Dorothea by saying he would will away all her fortune if she remarried Well. Longing for a common life and a marriage full of love, Dorothea broke the manacle of traditional ideas and married Will at last. Middlemarch has an unsurpassed portrait of female characters. Dorothea, the heroine in Middlemarch, has long been a controversial focus for literary study. This thesis intends to analyze the image of Dorothea through Jung?s archetype theory, including child archetype, rebel archetype and rebirth archetype. At first the thesis probes into the child archetype and rebel archetype in Dorothea?s early period of life, which throw her in the plight of marriage and life. The death of her first husband means her rebirth. With rebirth archetype, Dorothea, free from the tomb of marriage, was becoming mature and craving for normal marriage and life. Through the analysis of her three archetypes, we can see the process of Dorothea?s self-fulfillment and growing consciousness as a common girl in her marriages and life, and we can also get a better understanding about Dorothea?s marriage choice. Key words: Middlemarch; Dorothea;Jungian archetypes; image II Contents 摘要 ................................................................................................................................ I Abstract ........................................................................................................................II Introduction ..................................................................................................................1 art One The Child Archetype....................................................................................4 P 1.1 Childlike Attitudes towards Marriage ...............................................................4 1.2 The Wounded Child...........................................................................................5 Part Two Rebel Archetype ...........................................................................................8 2.1 Craving for Uniqueness.....................................................................................8 2.2 Craving for Reform and Equality......................................................................9 Part Three Rebirth Archetype ..................................................................................12 3.1 Rebirth of Dorothea.........................................................................................12 3.2 Awakening Desire for Love.............................................................................13 3.3 Awakening Desire for Complete Life..............................................................14 Conclusion...................................................................................................................15 Bibliography ...............................................................................................................17 Acknowledgments.......................................................................................................18 III Introduction Introduction George Eliot, whose real name was Maryan Ivans, was one of the most outstanding English female writers in the 19th century. When she was young, she has learned French and Italian. She was interested in astronomy, mathematics and so on, and she was a genius in her countryside. George Eliot has written seven novels from 1859 to 1876. Most critics divided her works into early stage and later stage: the works in early stage mainly talked thabout the life of countryside in the 19 century, and in the later stage, the works discussed the important history and political events. As to the literary devices in her works, the works in her early stage emphasized the description of characters, and in the later stage the analysis of the characters? psychology was emphasized. Middlemarch (1994) is a successful work, not only in its description of the characters, but also in the analysis of the characters? psychology. Middlemarch was symbolized a new epoch of novel. She believed that the imagination of psychological [1]research in Middlemarch was provides a real perfect realistic background. And because of George Eliot?s profound thinking and subtle observation of society, she was known as the [2]“Female Shakespeare”. She lived in the Victorian era when the movement of feminism sprang up. Most of her works mainly talked about the life of females. By studying about the background of females and analyzing the troubles, George Eliot always described every woman by using the accurate and unique sight, so people could understand the development and the choice of females. [3]For example, symbol is the figure of speech George Eliot commonly used in most of her works. And Eliot always used mythology in her novel, or set her own real life as the social background of the story. Middlemarch, one of the most accomplished and prominent novels of Victorian Era, is her work which is not only the representative work of symbolism but the representative of feminism. “In Middlemarch, there are one hundred and fifty “flat” or “round” character features. All of them are arranged into an integrated social relationship by the author, and compose an integrated [4]social connection”. For this reason, the image of protagonist in Middlemarch would become a research hotspot in the study on George Eliot?s feminism. As the greatest novel of George Eliot, Middlemarch tells about three different marriages, one of which is Dorothea?s. Dorothea was a beautiful lady in the Middlemarch, and she chose a marriage, which was lack of love, to get rid of her ignorance. So she was immersed in difficult position in her marriage and was disappointed at her marriage and life. When she realized that her dream could not come true with the help of her husband, she was determined to change her life 1 华南理工大学广州学院本科毕业设计(论文)说明书 which has been bounded by her husband. In the end, she realized what she really wanted. Thus she abandoned her reputation and social status, and decided to marry Will Lodislaw whom she loved. For many years, George Eliot and her works have attracted the attention of many critics. Middlemarch, especially, has got the favor of the researchers at home and abroad. For example, Virginia Woolf in her book A Room of One’s Own (1967) showed that Middlemarch was one of [5]the few British novels which were written for only mature people. F?R Levis in his research [6]presented that there was a profound “Tolstoyan” authenticity in her best work. In addition, in the her research The Novels of George Eliot: A Study in Form (1963), Barbara Hardy has discussed that the structure of Middlemarch was diffused which was out of the center [7] protagonist. And Patrick Swindenpointed out that in the primary and secondary construction of character, there was “no plan” in the surface of diffusion structure, but the structure was not [8]confusion. Besides the research of western scholars, the researches on George Eliot and her works also flourish in China. Numerous critics have approached this book from different perspectives such as marriage values, romanticism, feminism, etc. For instance, Wang Fenghua in her research presented that the formation of personality was affected by a number of factors, such as [9]environment and the natural power, the hereditary factor, the social customs, etc. She further pointed out that in the special society described in Middlemarch, the change of personality was decided by the social environment. Therefore, she believed that childishness and immaturity of [9]Dorothea?s marriage were caused by Dorothea?s living environment. And, by analyzing the reason of George Eliot?s female frustration, Dong Shuming pointed out that female wanted to get a real independent position in society, so they should not only break the fetter which was imposed [10]upon them, but also destroy all obstacles of social custom to show up themselves. What?s more, the females should also be treated equally as men in the fields of society. Hence, female can develop themselves in wide social activity. From the view of traditional marriage, Wang Fei showed that females should not reach for what was beyond their grasp, and they just live a common life, and follow the ethics codes which were set for them so that they could live a life [11]they wanted. From the perspective of harmonious “humanity”. Eliot wanted to indirectly to cut down authority of men,and tried to inspire them,so that females can indirectly realize their [12]individual value.. In conclusion, the above-mentioned studies, from a variety of approaches, have contributed much to the study of George Eliot and his works, especially Middlemarch. And their studies have laid a solid foundation for my research. But as far as I know, most of Chinese and Western critics 2 Introduction focused their researches on Middlemarch from the aspect of social environment, the different marriages of novels and the writing style, and few people set about analyzing female?s image from the perspective of psychology. Hence, there is still vast space left for further exploration. This thesis aims to analyze the heroine in Middlemarch with Jung?s archetype theory, and help us have a better understanding of this great novel. Besides the introduction and the conclusion, the thesis is composed of three parts. In the introduction, the thesis gives a brief introduction to the masterpiece and the writer?s writing features, reviews on the current research situation at home and abroad, expounds the theoretical significance and the practical values of the research, and outlines the structure of the paper. The first part illustrates how the child archetype influences the Dorothea? choice and life. This part is further divided into two subordinate parts. One is about how the child archetype affects the protagonist Dorothea? values toward marriage which constitutes her worship for the male authority and her admiration and devotion to the father image. This subordinate part elucidates the childish values resulting in Dorothea unhappy marriage with Casaubon. The other subordinate part mainly discusses the child archetype shown in her marriage with Casaubon which contains the features of a wounded child. This subordinate part shows the reason why Dorothea wants to marry an elderly husband. The second part shows Dorothea? images from the aspect of the rebel archetype. Dorothea shows her rebel archetype in her craving for uniqueness and craving freedom and equality. The third part treats the change of the protagonist? image after she suffered greatly from her first marriage, and her characteristics represented in the second marriage. That change makes Dorothea change from child archetype and rebel archetype to rebirth archetype, suggesting Dorothea?s growing consciousness and her self-fulfillment. She realizes her feminine emotion and desires for a complete family. In the conclusion, the thesis concludes the changeable images with Dorothea?s growing consciousness and her self-fulfillment. The development of Dorothea?s images was in accord with the images of females in the Victoria era. And for this thesis furnishes a new perspective for the researches on other female literature, and inspires the development of female literature. 3 华南理工大学广州学院本科毕业设计(论文)说明书 Part One The Child Archetype 1.1 Childlike Attitudes towards Marriage [13]“Psychic energy is the intensity of a psychic process, its Psychological value.” And Jung pointed out: The contents of the collective unconscious have never been in consciousness, and therefore have never been individually acquired, but owe their existence to heredity. Whereas the personal unconscious [13]consists of complexes, the content of the collective unconscious is made up essentially of archetypes. And the image in the Middlemarch has been shown this kind of archetype-- the child archetype. The story happened in Middlemarch which was countryside of a province fabricated by George Eliot. It mainly narrated three different marriages, one of which was Dorothea?s. In the novel, Dorothea only accepted a little education, and she regarded marriage as a “holy” thing ---- she adored Saint Teresa, and she hoped to be a successful woman like her. Dorothea made a choice according to her own will, so she experienced great changes in the personalities during her two marriages. From the beginning of this novel, we can know that Dorothea was an incomparable beauty and she used to be graceful and tasteful in manners. And she was also willing to fight for her dream ---- to change the inequality of society. Dorothea has accepted a little formal education; she was always tenacious, and arranged everything in her life based on her belief on the religion. So she always had her own idea about her marriage. As Gou Mengyuan indicated, “The first marriage of Dorothea was unhappy, it was obvious that this marriage was affected by her „Electra [14]complex?”. From the novel, we can know that, as to the marriage, Dorothea?s perspective was very cranky. In the marriage, Dorothea always complained that she was born untimely that she could not marry a husband who was of lofty character and who could help her achieve her own dream. In her mind, she thought that to have a husband who has an odd character was an honor for a woman. And according to Yuan Ying, she argues that Dorothea?s view on love and [15]marriages reflect the progress of ethical-perfection. Actually Dorothea was a victim of her surroundings, but she still looked forwards to her marriage. Dorothea considered “But an amiable handsome baronet, who said „Exactly? to her remarks even when she expressed uncertainty, --- how could he affect her as a lover? The really delightful marriage must be where your husband [16]was a sort of father, and could teach you even Hebrew, if you wished it”. For Dorothea, her 4 Part One The Child Archetype marriage was always connected to her aspiration. She hoped that she could have an opportunity to contribute to the society through her marriage. Dorothea?s uncle, Mr. Brooke, was enthusiastic about politics and always paid attention to the whole world. And because of this, Sir James and Mr. Casaubon expressed their opinions respectively. Whereas, Dorothea was only interested in Mr. Casaubon, she even had a hope to help finish his great work ---- Key to all Mythologies. Dorothea thought that Mr. Casaubon was an ambitious person she had never seen before. So, she made her choice to marry Mr. Casaubon, and believed that he could make her dream come true. “Into this soul-hunger as yet all her youthful passion was poured; the union which attracted her was one that would deliver her from her girlish subjection to her own ignorance, and given her the [16]freedom of voluntary submission to a guide who would take her along the grandest path”. As far as a woman is concerned, marriage is a happy thing, and it also means the beginning of a woman?s new life. Dorothea thought her marriage was a happy one, but in others? eyes it was not. No one understood Dorothea?s choice, and they disagreed with her. Even Sir James, the once pursuer of Dorothea, knew that her choice was unreasonable. “He had completely resigned her, since with the perversity of a Desdemona she had not affected a proposed match that was clearly [16]suitable and according to nature”. And Mrs. Caswallader, who ascribed Dorothea?s choice of Mr. Brooke, thought that he did not make the best choice for Dorothea. Mrs. Caswallader also criticized Mr. Casaubon and made sure that it was wrong for Dorothea to make such a choice. She did not think that Mr. Casaubon could achieve some great works in his life, nor could he become a great person in his study field. Mrs. Caswallader says “he is a great soul. -- A great [16]bladder for dried peas to rattle in”. Therefore, in order to realize her dream, Dorothea abandoned the significance of marriage regardless of other people?s opinions. Dorothea went blindly to pursue her dream. She decided to marry a husband who was much older than her father. Lack of formal education, Dorothea wanted to get rid of her ignorance by communicating with Mr. Casaubon and marrying him. And her choice indicated that her attitude towards marriage was innocent and artless. She naively considered the marriage to be a way to gain knowledge. No wonder she failed in the marriage. 1.2 The Wounded Child Dorothea was very optimistic about her marriage, and she was looking forward to her life in the marriage, because she has been convinced that her marriage was the most wonderful one in the world. After she engaged, Dorothea was so happy, “She had married the man of her choice, 5 华南理工大学广州学院本科毕业设计(论文)说明书 and with the advantage over most girls that she had contemplated her marriage chiefly as the [16]beginning of new duties”. However, unfortunately, she was so immersed in her happy marriage, with no regard to the slow changes brought about by the real life. Her life after marriage was lonely and sad, and she never knew why she became so sad and lonely. She did not understand why she was struggling in her heart either. “In the midst of her confused thought and passion, the mental act that was struggling forth into clearness was a self-accusing cry that her [16]feeling of desolation was the fault of her own spiritual poverty”. Dorothea always thought about the interests of Mr. Casaubon, and she hoped that she could help him to finish his great work: To have been driven to be more particular would that new real future which was replacing the imaginary drew its material form the endless minutia by which her view of Mr. Casaubon and her wifely relation, now that she was married to him, was gradually changing with the secret notion of a [16]watch-hand from what it had been in her maiden dream. In fact, Dorothea has been thinking for her husband Mr. Casaubon, and she was afraid that her ignorance would affect him. On the other hand, she hoped that Mr. Casaubon could care her even when he was working. When Dorothea began to realize the change of her marriage with Mr. Casaubon, she always made an excuse for this change, so she could make herself believe in Mr. Casaubon. But actually, Mr. Casaubon was good at disguising himself. During the vacation in Rome, he pretended to care about her in the journey of honey moon, and he also pretended to concentrate on his great work. He wanted to resolve Dorothea?s doubt. What?s more, he would like to satisfy his vanity with Dorothea? love. However, with time passing by, no matter how hard-working Mr. Casaubon was, Dorothea did not have any confidence in him any longer. In Rome, Dorothea was unhappy with her husband, and she was always in unknown loneliness in the honey moon. Although she had her own interests in travel, she was always absent-minded. It was these vacations that helped her know about her marriage, which was like a dream and was unable, went through trials and hardships of life. Now Dorothea could not stand the shame of verifying the fact; she let herself cry for the dream, and bear the loneliness; she abandoned all the hopes which have been entrusted to him, and his great work. As the novel pointed out, “But she was gradually ceasing to expect with her former delightful confidence that [16]she should see any wide opening where she followed him”. Before marriage, Dorothea has entrusted her ideal to her marriage, which left her some happy days, whereas her suffering during the honey moon made herself feel lonely and helpless, and she was doubtful about the choice of marriage. What?s more, the bolt of the real life made her 6 Part One The Child Archetype lose the trust in other people. Dorothea realized that her dream had been broken. She was just like a helpless and wounded girl who has been deceived, even though she used to be innocent and artless. Meanwhile, in her heart, Dorothea felt lonely and solitary. 7 华南理工大学广州学院本科毕业设计(论文)说明书 Part Two Rebel Archetype 2.1 Craving for Uniqueness When someone involved in conflict, he would hope to and try his best to change his life. Jung believed that the psychic conflicts, between ethic and sexual desire, individual and collection, nature and psychology were unavoidable. These conflicts can lead to personal depressed emotions, such as pain, worry, and fear. When the conflicts take place, if the individual is at a disadvantage who is disable to fight against the conflicts, complex functions as a mental self-defensive stress reaction in the defense mechanism to compensate the disequilibrium evoked by the psychic conflicts. (Compensation refers to balancing, adjusting, supplementing [13]process between conscious and unconscious, “an unconscious regulation of conscious activity”. Since Dorothea came back from honey moon, she was not as happy as people expected. She was always lost in thought, as if thinking about something, although actually, she did not think about anything. She was despondent, because she found that there were some problems in her marriage even during the honey moon. But, fortunately, even though her mind suffered the painful honey moon, she was drawn by Lowick Manor?s house. In Lowick Manor?s home, she had her moral support, and she could entrust her spirit care, even though her first expectation went up in smoke, and her targets were beaten by the true life one by one. She tried to entrust her attitudes towards marriage to Mr. Casaubon?s aunt ---- Mrs. Julia, so that she could accept her marriage with a new attitude. And she hoped that she could get the new attitude and make Mr. Casaubon change the mind. At first, Dorothea wanted to get rid of ignorance and go straight on the lofty highway. But, in fact, her dream did not come true. In fact, Mr. Casaubon and his work did not perfect. Mr. Casaubon was a short-sighted man who liked to flatter his vanity by editing his great work, Key to all Mythologies, Mr. Casaubon was expressing his vanity, but he was used to delaying finishing it by excuse of lack of some powerful arguments. On the contrary, for his marriage, Mr. Casaubon has reached hope in his desperation. “To sensibilities thus fenced in, Mr. Casaubon has thought of [16]annexing happiness with a lovely young bride”. Now, Mr. Casaubon decided to allow Dorothea to take part in her activity. Whereas, this decision did not come from his understanding. It was because Dorothea bade him over and over again. As the novel indicated, “But she had succeeded in making it a matter of course that she should take her place at an early hour in the 8 Part Two Rebel Archetype [16]library and have work either of reading aloud or copying assigned her”. On the one hand, Mr. Casaubon entrusted his achievement to his great work. On the other hand, Dorothea entrusted all her hope to the marriage. Dorothea adored Mr. Casaubon?s great work. She thought that Mr. Casaubon would teach her some knowledge during his editing of the great work, and at the same time she could help him finish some works with her ability. But she did not work for the great work at all as she expected. In fact, Dorothea wanted to finish the great work with her husband, so when Will Ladislaw suggested that Mr. Casaubon should hire a secretary to deal with some ordinary issues, Dorothea rejected it. Dorothea clearly realized that her expectation would be gone if Mr. Casaubon hired a secretary instead of her, and that she could not gain anything in her marriage. Also her marriage could not be meaningful and happy any more, which went against her expectation of marriage. In her marriage, Dorothea was always inactive. She longed to get something with the “help” of Mr. Casuabon, especially from her marriage. She hoped her marriage could be what she wanted. But she was not active in her expectation. She could justify for her own target, and she thought that Mr. Casaubon did not need a secretary to help him in the work. She was craving to be unique in Mr. Casaubon?s great work, and she would like to develop herself in his great work, even though she just did some simple copy work for him. Also, she was looking forwards to being the only person on whom Mr. Casaubon could depend. . 2.2 Craving for Reform and Equality Since the first time Dorothea met Will Lodislaw in Lowick Manor, the existence of Will made Dorothea?s marriage in danger. Mr. Casaubon was not friendly to Will at all, because he thought Will was a man who could do nothing, and he did not think Will could accomplish some things great in future, ether. While Mr. Casaubon?s health was getting worse, he did not concern about it. Since he came back from Rome, he found a crisis in his life, in other words, he did not any longer care whether his work would be stopped suddenly. Instead, he was worried about Dorothea?s destiny after his death. The emergence of Will became an annoyance for Mr. Casaubon, and it has brought unprecedented pain to him. “This suffering was the harder to bear because it seemed like a betrayal: the young creature who had worshiped him with perfect trust [16]has quickly turned into the critical wife”. As his health was getting worse, Mr. Casaubon started to feel doubtful about his marriage. Mr. Casaubon always doubted whether Dorothea would fall in love with Will one day. Therefore, Mr. Casaubon had to prepare something in 9 华南理工大学广州学院本科毕业设计(论文)说明书 advance to prevent Dorothea from marrying Will, in another words, he would do it by inheritance of property. Dorothea understood the relationship between Mr. Casaubon and Will. Even though she knew little about it, she realized that Mr. Casaubon?s illness was related to Will. The marriage got into hot water and the relationship between Dorothea and Mr. Casaubon became worse with the coming of Will. Dorothea tried her best to get Mr. Casaubon accept Will, whereas he rejected her. When Dorothea knew that Mr. Casaubon?s great work could not be finished, she was shocked because her dream would disappear. Nonetheless, with regard to her husband?s health, she decided to adjust her temperament, and she would get along with him, which could make Mr. Casaubon comfortable in his marriage. With the change of her husband, she wanted to change herself. As the novel has shown, “She was in the reaction of a rebellious anger stronger than any [16]she had felt since her marriage”. In the past, Dorothea would keep patient with Mr. Casaubon, but now, Dorothea could not bear it any longer. She was trying to defend against his attitude, and defend against oppression of real life, as if she has been tired of the life. Just as the novel has shown, “Poor Dorothea was hungering for, and the hunger has grown from the perpetual effort [16]demanded by her married life” . Actually, as far as Mr. Casaubon was concerned, Will Lodislaw was his only enemy. However, for Dorothea, Mr. Casaubon?s attitude towards Will Lodislaw was the origin of her sadness. Mr. Casaubon had no way to restrain Dorothea from leaving, and he could only restrain her from marring Will by the inheritance of property. Mr. Casaubon wanted to know whether Dorothea was willing to follow his option. Dorothea hesitated, and she did not directly answer, because she was afraid that her answer would hurt him. She did not esteem her husband any longer. Now, their relationship was getting worse, she was afraid that she would be fettered by his personality when she met with her husband again. “Then she had feared lest her effort at fellowship should be unwelcome; now she dreaded going to the spot where she foresaw that she must bind herself to a fellowship from which she shrank. Neither law nor the world?s opinion compelled her to this -- only her husband?s nature and her own [16]compassion, only the ideal nor not the real yoke of marriage”. From here, we can see that Dorothea was not satisfied with her first marriage. In this marriage, she only felt sad and lonely ----her husband wanted to control her mind and restrain her for marrying again. Confronting with her suffer, Dorothea was eager to change her present life and to be free. No one can believe that a husband would treat his wife in such way, and no one would think his behavior was sensible. What he has done for his wife was humiliating her reputation and personality. After Mr. Casaubon died, many people tried to keep his inheritance bottle up. And people could not imagine that Mr. Casaubon would restrain Dorothea from marrying Will by 10 Part Two Rebel Archetype inhering property. She had a sense of loss and she felt that everything had changed when she knew how her husband treated her. For the inheritance, Dorothea has done nothing, because she did not particularly value property. On the contrary, she felt that it was unfair for Mr. Casaubon to control her life. And for Dorothea, the kind of husband?s behavior was undoubtedly a kind of mordancy and insult. As Sir James who was one of character in the novel pointed out, “Not about [16]this action of Casaubon?s, he has most unfairly compromised Dorothea”. Confronted with what Mr. Casaubon did, Dorothea struggled, but she had no choice. She only struggled to rebel against the demand of Mr. Casaubon, and looked forwards to being equal in her marriage. However, what she struggled only brought the pain of the marriage. As to suspicion and jealousy of Mr. Casaubon, she hoped to change, she craved to be equal and she hoped to have the new life in her marriage. 11 华南理工大学广州学院本科毕业设计(论文)说明书 Part Three Rebirth Archetype 3.1 Rebirth of Dorothea For Dorothea's choice, people in Middlemarch was confused it. “Persona is that which in [13]reality one is not but which oneself as well as others think one is”. Dorothea has been trapped in the plight of marriage and endured the pain of life. She was shameful for Mr. Casaubon. She never expected that Mr. Casaubon would be suspicious for his marriage because of the relationship between her and Will. He would even impede Dorothea to make a choice about the rest of the life. On the contrary, with the legacy of Mr. Casaubon, Dorothea realized that her life has changed a lot indeed. She found that it was not necessary for her to pursue her expectation any more. She has learned that she must face the rest of her life in a new attitude. In other words, she should consider her life again in the future. Dorothea should not adhere to her foolish way without awakening in her marriage, and should not entrust her dream to others. The property used to retrain Dorothea from remarrying, was a symbol of the broken relationship between Dorothea and Mr. Casaubon. For Mr. Casaubon, it was also an imagination that Dorothea would stay for the legacy. Therefore, she did not care about the legacy. Dorothea looked back the life she had suffered and thought about what Mr. Casaubon had done for her. She could not do anything, but recall the past. She was not engulfed in grief. She tried her best to reconsider her life. She reflected on all the mistakes she made, and considered for her future. After Mr. Casaubon?s death, Dorothea decided to go back to Lowick Manors---- on the one hand she wanted to rectify it, on the other hand she wanted to know whether there were any attachments in Lowick Manors. Besides, Lowick Manor was the only place where she could stay, because there laid her spiritual support and there she could disperse her pain. However, for this decision, Mrs. Cadwallade reminded Dorothea that she should keep her head clear instead of running the risk. As far as Dorothea was concerned, she still held on to her decision, and she did not agree with Mrs. Cadwallade. As Dorothea said in the novel, “I still think that the greater part of the world is mistaken about many things. Surely one may be sane and yet think so, since the [16]greater part of the world has often had to come round from it opinion” . Having come back to Lowick Manors, Dorothea met with Will; and it was the first time to 12 Part Three Rebirth Archetype meet him after Mr. Casaubon?s death. Actually, that she could meet Will was another important reason for her to come back to Lowick Manors. Not only Mr. Casaubon, but Sir James looked down upon Will. However, Dorothea cared about nothing. Dorothea never tied them with dignity. In the life of Lowick Manors, she did not depend on herself to finish anything any longer. She decided to hire the Garths to manage Lowick Manors, and she contributed part of her properties to Mr. Lydgate to develop medicinal business. Compared with her past life, Dorothea seemed to lose her confidence. She did neither depend on anyone to contribute to society, nor think of herself as a great person in her life. Indeed, Mr. Casaubon influenced Dorothea deeply, and the effect was enough to change all her life. Dorothea thought that she could realize her dream with the help of Mr. Casaubon. On the contrary, Mr. Casaubon was just a liar who had given her the imagination, that Dorothea was impeded to recognize the reality. In a word, Mr. Casaubon was a hope for Dorothea to get rid of ignorance. However, Mr. Casaubon made her suffer the pain and insult in the marriage. After knowing the true, Dorothea wanted to change Mr. Casaubon?s attitude. Until Mr. Casaubon died, she finally understood her situation. She realized that she needed to get rid of his hackle, and she should not consider any other ways to make her dream come turn. Now Dorothea did not want to remarry, and she would like to face the rest of her life alone. 3.2 Awakening Desire for Love When Dorothea decided not to marry again, she tried her best to treat Will in a peaceful way. She even encouraged him to do something useful for himself ---- like studying law. She did not intend to make herself entrapped into the impossible marriage again. In fact, Dorothea did not want to treat Will like that. Since she has met him in the honey moon, Dorothea knew that Will had changed a lot. Because of Mr. Casaubon, they could not stay together. Dorothea and Will were not only friends. Dorothea could feel his love. When he set his mind on leaving from Middlemarch, he asked Dorothea not to forget himself. However, Will was hesitant ---- he loved her, but in order to protect Dorothea?s reputation, he had to leave Dorothea. Actually Will was not so welcomed by people around him. “It was really herself whom Will loved and was renouncing, that there was really no other love less permissible, more blameworthy, which honor was [16]hurrying him away from”. Nevertheless, Dorothea did not want him to leave, because she finally found what she truly desired for was love, a kind of true love, not any else. After she experienced the miserable marriage which she had with Mr. Casaubon, Dorothea has understood 13 华南理工大学广州学院本科毕业设计(论文)说明书 that marriage was not supported by expectation, and that it needed true love. Will decided to come back to Middlemarch again, because he could not forget Dorothea, and he wanted to live with her. At last, when Dorothea has understood the relationship of Will and Rosamond, she has made a decision that she wanted to marry Will, and hoped that they would never separate from each other. 3.3 Awakening Desire for Complete Life When the happiness really came, Dorothea would ignore other people?s views. She decided to marry Will, although no one else supported her. For this decision, Dorothea has sacrificed something she had. Dorothea could marry for love and live for love, so she did not feel regretful for the legacy she gave up. In order to marry Will, she has not thought about others? advice, neither did she care about their views. She never regretted abandoning her property, as well as her reputation. But she was happier than before. In this kind of life, she was satisfied and content. Living with her lover, she never rejected the responsibility for the life. She did not complain about the life she has chosen. Dorothea was willing to be a dutiful wife and loving mother, and she devoted herself whole- heartedly to living for Will. After her first miserable marriage, she desired for a common life. Dorothea has changed. She was no longer like an innocent girl who would sacrifice marriage for her illusion, and she would not naively entrust her dream to the care of others, and gave up her principle to submit to someone else, either. Now, Dorothea loved this common life. Having gone through the previous miserable marriage, Dorothea found that the true love and common life were what she truly needed. Just as the author pointed out, “Certainly those determining acts of her life were not ideally beautiful. They were the mixed result of a young and noble impulse struggling amidst the conditions of an imperfect social state, in which great [16]feelings will often take the aspect of error, and great faith the aspect of illusion”. Here we could see Dorothea had found what she exactly wanted in her life. After marrying Will, she knew that true love was the basis for a happy life. 14 Conclusion Conclusion Dorothea Brooke was one of the most typical characters in English literature. Middlemarch showed that Dorothea?s lofty realm of spirit could not exist anywhere. The thesis analyzes the images of Dorothea from the aspect of Jung?s theory of archetype. From the analysis above, we could know that Dorothea who was a beautiful girl in Middlemarch always wanted to marry a husband who was much older than her at the beginning of the novel, so that she could entrust her dream to him. She wanted to realize her dream to be learned with the help of her husband. In order to realize her dream, she even rejected Sir James? love, neglected other people?s advice, and chose to marry Mr. Casaubon. And she hoped that she could be the unique person to help her husband to finish his great work. When she truly experienced her marriage which was full of imagination, she found that her marriage was not happy. In her first marriage life, she was immersed in the plight; her mind was controlled by her husband, and she suffered his suspicious. Thus she wanted to change her husband?s attitude. Dorothea found that her marriage should be supported by true love and equality. So, she should change her life, and change Mr. Casaubon?s attitude towards her and the marriage. Thus, she began to change---she defended against Mr. Casaubon?s constraint. Under Mr. Casaubon?s impact, she also realized that she desired for true love and a common life. Therefore, after having accepted Will?s love, Dorothea decided to give up her reputation and property in order to live a common life with Will. In fact, Dorothea was ignorant to marry Mr. Casaubon. When she found that Mr. Casaubon could not help her get rid of ignorance, she was disappointed at her marriage. As far as a woman at that time was concerned, she was always in the lower position in the society. She had not her own voice, and she could not take part in the social activities, either. Also, feminism movement just sprouted out in the society. Masculism was still rooted in the whole countryside, and men played important roles in the social activities. Women must depend on men for a living, so women were obedient to men. While for Dorothea, a girl with little education, she needed to depend on someone to get rid of ignorance --- it was such fantasy behavior of her. Fortunately, Dorothea finally identified herself with illusion, and she has recognized again the reality. She gave up the legacy which belonged to her, and struggled for her love and common life. Indeed, Dorothea was a great woman who was willing to try her best to sacrifice for her love and common life. 15 华南理工大学广州学院本科毕业设计(论文)说明书 In the novel Middlemarch, Dorothea was an important character who was created by George Eliot. By depicting the character?s suffering and her choice of marriage, Eliot truly reflected the influence of feminism on women?s desire. George Eliot showed us a panoramic view of English society of Victorian era, when the feminist movement spouted out in the country. Women can be independent, and they need not be obedient to men for a living. Women have right and freedom to choose their marriages and to live without caring about others? opinion. Women could improve their lives through self-knowing. This thesis mainly analyzes Dorothea?s developing trace from the childlike and rebellious girl whit vague ideal to womanhood, explores Dorothea?s growing consciousness and her self-fulfillments, and shows that her ending is not a simple submission but a redefinition of herself. The change of Dorothea was a symbol of the development of English feminism, and she was behalf of the hope of development of feminism. Undeniably, Dorothea?s gracious spirit has on influenced a lot of people. With Dorothea?s growing process, her image development furnishes a new perspective for the researches on other female literature and inspires the development of feminism. 16 Bibliography Bibliography [1]Bloom,Harold( Bloom’s Classic Critical Views: George Eliot,M,( New York: Bloom’s Literary Criticism,2009( [2]Merryn Williams. Women in the English Nowvel, 1800-1900[M]. London: McMillan Press,1984. [3]李赋宁. 欧洲文学史[M]. 北京:商务印书馆,1999. [4]方岚. 从《米德尔马契》的人物形象解读二次对立的颠覆[J]. 《文史纵横新西部》第二期,2009:150-151. [5]Virginia Woolf. A Room of One’s Own[M]. London: Hogarth Press, 1967:114. [6]F?R利维斯. 伟大的传统[M]. 袁伟译. 北京:生活读书新知三联书店. 2002:72. [7] Barbara Hardy. The Novels of George Eliot: A Study in Form. London[M]:Althone Press,1963:96. [8]Patrick Swinden. ed. George Eliot: Middlemarch[M]. London: the McMillan Press, 1972:100 [9]王凤华. 性格与环境--《米德尔马契》主要人物形象分析[J]. 《安阳大学学报》第三期,2003:108-109. [10]董淑铭. 多萝西娅的悲剧--《米德尔马契》女主人公形象的解析[J]. 《重庆三峡学院学报》第二期, 2006:69-71. [11]王斐. 从《米德尔马契》看乔治?艾略特的婚姻观[J]. 《重庆科技学院学报》第五期,2006:60-62. [12]颜蓓蕾( 从女性哥特角度解读《米德尔马契》,J,( 《重庆科技学院学报》, 2012( 11) : 103 , 105( [13]Jung, Carl Gustav. trans. R.F C. Hull. 1980. The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious. Beijing:China Social Science Publishing House. [14]郭孟媛. 特立独行的婚姻[J].《中国电力教育》第十期,2007. [15]袁英. “《米德尔马契》:伦理关怀与道德寓言”. 外国文学研究,第一期,2012. [16]George Eliot. Middlemarch[M] . Kent: Wordsworth Edition Ltd., 1994. 17 Acknowledgments Acknowledgments First and foremost, I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to my supervisor Ms. Long, whose warm encouragement, insightful suggestions, invaluable guidance and expert criticism have made the accomplishment of this thesis possible. I am also greatly indebted to all the respectable teachers in the Foreign Language School, for their guidance and patience, because I obtain a lot of knowledge from them. They also provide me with illuminating comments and encouragements. Moreover, I want to express my sincere thanks to my family, for their unconditional support and help for the completion of this thesis. Because of their deep love, I can go to the university for my further study. 18
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