钢楼梯施工

钢楼梯施工 钢结构的运输和堆放 Transportation and Stacking of Steel Structure （1）装卸、和堆存，均不得损坏构件的防止变形。堆放应放置在垫木上。已变形分构件应予矫正，并重新检验。 (1)  Handling and stacking shall not damage the members to avoid deformation. They shall be piled up on bolsters. The deformed members shall be rectified and re-inspected. （2）钢结构运送到安装地点的顺序，应符合安装程序，并应成套供应。保存时，应考虑扩大拼装和安装程序要求。 (2)  The sequence of conveying steel structures to the installation site shall comply with the installation procedure and the steel structures shall be supplied in whole set. The storage shall consider expanded assembly and installation procedure requirements. 施工顺序 Sequence of Construction 按照施工组织设计由下而上进行，顺序安装时要特别注意错误的累计所造成的质量问题或事故，在安装过程中经常性核对尺寸避免累计误差，确保安装质量。 The construction shall be started from bottom to top according to the construction organization’s design. Installation in order needs to pay special attention to quality problems or accidents caused by the accumulation of errors. The dimensions shall be checked regularly in installation to avoid accumulative error so as to ensure installation quality. 1. 安装顺序：安装吊装第一段钢柱-→装设一层外墙排山-→拉设安全防护网-→吊装二层钢梁-→踏步板安装-→二层平台楼承板安装-→安装吊装第二段钢柱-→装设二层外墙排山-→拉设安全防护网-→吊装三层钢梁-→二层踏步板安装-→三层平台楼承板安装-→以此类推-→→刷防火漆-→扶手安装→验收。 1.  Installation sequence: erect the first section of steel column→ erect the external wall gable of the first floor→ put up safety fence → hoist the steel beam of the second floor → install treads → install the floor support plate of the second floor landing →erect the second section of steel column → erect the external wall gable of the second floor → put up safety fence → hoist the steel beam of the third floor → install treads of the second floor →install the floor support plate of the third floor landing → and so forth to roof installation→ apply fire-retardant paint →railings installation → acceptance. 2. 每一独立单元构件安装完后，应具有空间刚度和可靠稳定性。 2. Every independent unit member, after installed, shall have space rigidity and reliable stability. 安装和校正 Installation and Rectification （1）构件安装宜采用综合安装的 方法 快递客服问题件处理详细方法山木方法pdf计算方法pdf华与华方法下载八字理论方法下载 施工。 (1)  It is better to install members in a synthetic manner. （2）采用综合安装方法时，其结构必须能划分成若干独立体系活单元，每一体系（单元）的全部构件安装完后，均应具有足够的空间刚度和可靠的稳定性。 (2) Taking synthetic installation, their structure must be able to be divided into several independent systems (active units). Every system (unit) shall have adequate space rigidity and reliable stability when all their members are installed. （3）需要利用已安装的结构吊装其它构件和设备时，应征得设计单位的同意，同时应采取 措施 《全国民用建筑工程设计技术措施》规划•建筑•景观全国民用建筑工程设计技术措施》规划•建筑•景观软件质量保证措施下载工地伤害及预防措施下载关于贯彻落实的具体措施 防止损坏结构。 (3) If it is necessary to make use of the installed structures to hoist other members and equipment, permission shall be asked from the design unit and measures shall be taken to avoid damage to the structures at the same time. （4）确定几何位置的主要构件（柱、钢架等）应吊装在设计位置上，在松开吊钩前应初步校正并固牢。 (4) The primary members (column, steel frame, etc.) that determine geometric positions shall be fitted on the design position by hoisting, and rectified preliminarily and fixed before the hook is released.  吊装关键是钢柱的安装 Key to Hoisting: Erection of Steel Column 钢柱安装时，现将基础清理干净，调整基础标高，然后进行安装。柱子安装次序包括：基础放线、绑扎、吊装、校正、固定等。 For erection of steel columns, the foundation shall be first cleaned out, and the foundation elevation shall be adjusted. The erection sequence of columns is: foundation setting-out, binding, hoisting, rectifying, fixing, etc.  （1）放线 (1) Setting-out 安装前，用木工墨斗放好基础平面的纵、横轴向基础线作为柱底板安装定危险。 Before the erection, the vertical and horizontal axial foundation lines of the basic plane shall be set out by a carpenter's ink box to identify dangers for column base plate installation. （2）确定吊装机械 (2) Determination of Hoisting Machinery 根据现场实际条件选择钢管立柱吊装，吊装时，要将的柱子按位置、方向放到吊装（起重半径）位置。 According to the site condition, steel tube poles are selected for hoisting. The columns shall, when hoisted, be placed at the hoisting position (lifting radius) in accordance with position and direction. （3）柱子吊装 (3) Hoisting of Column 柱子起吊前，应从柱底向上500-1000mm处，划一水平线，以便安装固定前后作复查平面标高基础用。 Before the column is hoisted, a level line shall be drawn at 500-1,000mm above the column bottom to serve to review the plane elevation foundation before and after the columns are fixed. 柱子安装属于竖向垂直吊装，为使吊起的柱子保持下垂，便于就位，需根据柱子的种类和高度确定绑扎点，柱子按其高度比例，绑扎点设在柱子全长２／３的上方位置处。 As the column erection is vertical hoisting, it is necessary to base on column type and height to determine the binding points so as to let the hoisted columns pendulous to be easy to take their place. According to their height proportion, the binding point shall be set upward at 2/3 of the whole length. 防止柱边远锐利菱角，在吊装时损伤吊绳，应用事适宜规格的钢管割开一条缝，套在菱角吊绳处，用方形木条垫护。注意绑扎牢固，并易拆除。 The sling shall be prevented from damage by sharp edges and corners of the columns. For this purpose, a steel tube of suitable specification shall be slotted ahead to encase the edges and corners where the sling is tied on, which shall be padded with square battens. The binding shall be firm and easy to dismantle. 钢柱脚套入地脚螺栓上，刚柱就位后取去套筒。 The steel column base is encased in anchor bolts and the sleeve shall be removed after the steel column is in position. 为避免吊起的柱子自由摆动，应在柱底上部用麻绳绑好，作为牵制溜绳的调整方向。吊装前的准备工作就绪后，首先进行试吊，吊起一端高度为100-200mm时应停吊，检查索具牢固和吊车稳定板位于安装基础时，可指挥吊车缓慢下降，当柱底距离基础位置40-100mm时调整柱底整与下降两基准线达到准确位置，指挥吊车下降就位，并拧紧全部基础螺栓螺母，临时将柱子加固，达到安全方可摘除吊钩。 To avoid the hoisted column swinging freely, a hemp rope shall be tied on the bottom to adjust the direction. If the preparations before the hoisting are completed, a trial hoisting shall be made. One end of the column shall be lifted up to 100-200mm to check that the rigging is secure and the crane steadying plate is at the installation base. Then commands are given to drop the crane slowly. When the column bottom is 40-100mm distant from the foundation, the column bottom and the two datum line shall be adjusted to the correct position. Then commends shall be given to drop the crane in place, and all the bolts and nuts shall be screwed up. The column then shall be temporally reinforced to be safe before the hook is released.  按此做法吊装其余所有柱子。 The other columns shall be hoisted in the same way.  （4）柱子校正 (4) Rectification of Column 柱子的校正工作一般包括平面位置、标高及垂直这三个内容。 The rectification of column consists of three aspects: plane position, elevation and verticality. 钢柱的平面位置在吊装就位时，属一次对位，一般不需平面再校正。对于柱子的标高，有时低于安装标高，就位后，需用垫铁调整准确标高。钢柱校正工作，主要是校正垂直度和复查标高。 As the plane position of steel columns is primary alignment when it is hoisted to place, there is no need for re-calibration. As for the elevation of columns, sometimes the actual elevation of the column is lower than the installation elevation, so that it is necessary to use shims to adjust it to the correct elevation when the columns are in place. The rectification of steel columns is mainly to rectify the verticality and review the elevation. 柱子校正工作需用测量工具同时进行，常用的观测柱子垂直度的工具是经纬仪活线坠，本工程采用经纬仪校正法。 The rectification of columns shall be simultaneous with the use of measuring tools. The tool that is often used to observe the column’s verticality is theodolite plumb. This project adopts theodolite correction method. 经纬仪测量：校正柱子垂直度需用两台经纬仪观测。首先，将经纬仪放在柱子一侧，使纵中丝对准柱座的基线，然后固定水平度盘的各螺丝。测柱子的中心线，由下而上观测。若纵中心线对准，即是柱子垂直，不能则需调整柱子，直到对准经纬仪纵中丝为止。 Theodolite measurement: correction of column verticality needs two theodolites for observation. First, place the theodolites at one side of the column, with their vertical centerline aligned with the column base’s datum line; then fix the screws of horizontal circle. Measuring the column centerline shall observe from bottom to top. If the vertical centerline is aligned, the column is vertical; if not, the column needs to be adjusted till it aligns with the theodolite vertical centerline. 以同样方法测横线，使柱子另一面中心垂直于基础横轴。柱子准确定位后，即可对柱子进行固定工作。 The transverse line is measure in the say way. The center of the other side of the column is perpendicular to the horizontal axis of the base. When the column is correctly positioned, it can be fixed. 柱子校正应先校偏差大的，后校偏差小的。 The rectification shall be made first for the columns with large error, and then the ones with small errors. （5）钢柱的固定 (5) Fixing of Steel Column 钢柱吊装柱脚穿入基础螺栓就位后，柱子校正工作主要是对标高进行调整和垂直度进行校正，它的校正方法可选用缆风绳、千斤顶、正反螺纹撑杆、大型撬杠等工具，对钢柱施工加拉、顶、撑或撬的垂直力和侧向力，同时采用不等厚垫铁，在柱底与基础之间调整校正后有螺栓固定，并加双重螺母防松。 After the steel column base is penetrated into the foundation bolt, the column rectification is mainly to adjust the elevation and rectify the verticality. The rectification can employ steel cable, jack, plus and left-hand threaded bar, and large crowbar to apply vertical and lateral forces to steel column by pulling, jacking, supporting and prying. Meanwhile, the shims of unequal thickness may be used between the column base and foundation to make adjustment and correction before all bolts are fixed. In addition, double nuts shall be employed for locking. （6）校正柱子注意风力和温度影响下会阻碍柱子校正，又会使校正后的柱子自动产生偏斜。 (6) Column rectification needs to pay attention to wind and temperature effects, which will hinder the rectification and cause the rectified column to deflect automatically. 风力影响：风力对柱面产生压力，柱面的宽度越宽，柱子高度越高，受风力影响也就越大，影响柱子的侧向弯曲也就越甚。因此，柱子校正操作时，当柱子高度在８Ｍ以上，风力超过５级时不能进行。经校正达到垂直度的柱子应抓紧时间，进入下一步柱间侧向支撑的安装，以达到整体连接;增加其钢度，防止风力作用再变形。 Wind affect: wind will apply a pressure to the column surface. The wider the column surface and the higher the column, the greater the wind effect will be, and the lateral bending of the column will be more serious as well. Thus, when the height is over 8m and the wind force exceeds 5, column rectification shall be not made. As for the columns which have been adjusted to the specified verticality, the lateral supports shall be put up promptly to complete integral connection. The rigidity shall be enhanced to prevent deformation by wind force. 温度影响，温度的变化会引起柱子侧向弯曲，使柱子顶移位，由于受阳光照射的一面温度比照射的一面高，阳百的膨胀程度也就越大，使柱子向阴面弯曲；温度超高，使柱子阴阳面的温差就越大，影响柱子的弯曲程度也就越严重。因此在炎热季节校正柱子操作，应在早晨或阴天进行较好。对已校正达到垂直度的柱子，在温度影响下也会自动偏斜。因此，对校正完成的柱子避免再偏斜，在下一步安装支撑或吊车梁前，应作复测。检查柱子侧向弯曲程度的数值，是由柱底平面到柱顶的这一段距离内的水平位移来确定的，其水平位移的数值，可用经纬仪观测。 Temperature effect: temperature changes can cause lateral bending of columns, and thus shift the column top. As the temperature of the surface subject to the sunlight will be higher, the expansion of the sunny side will be great, and the column will bend towards the shady side; the higher the temperature and the greater the temperature difference of the sunny and shady sides, the bending of the column will be affected more greatly. Therefore, in hot season, column rectification shall be conducted in the mornings or cloudy days. The columns which have been adjusted to the specified verticality will automatically deflect under the impact of the temperature. Thus, before the supports or crane beam are set up to avoid re-deformation of rectified columns, the columns shall be re-checked. A check shall be given to the value of lateral bending, which is determined by the horizontal shift in the distance from the column bottom to the top. The value of the horizontal shift can be observed by a theodolite.  防腐蚀Corrosion Protection 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 面处理Surface Treatment 钢构制作、焊接完工后，务必除去飞溅物、焊渣以及电焊缺陷，尤其对火焰切割处需用角向砂轮机进行打磨，除去因切割高温、淬火产生的薄的坚硬层，同时去除切割所产生的毛刺边。（因切割边未进行打磨处理，这些部位抛丸后，几乎没有粗糙度）Remove welding splashing, slag, defects after completion of structural steel welding, especially, the parts by flame cutting should be grinded by grinding machine. Remove rigid layer and burrs due to high temperature and quench . 对构件上探伤、拍片所用的润湿剂以及在生产、运输过程中，被粘上的油、污染物进行清洗，以达到抛丸前所需的钢构表面清理 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 。Clean wetting agent for RT, grease, dirty to make steel surface meet standards For spraying sand, 60% of diameter 1.2-1.4 mm and 40% of diameter 1.0-1.2 mm can be used. To ensure anomalous surface, the roughness of sand should be 40-75μ so as to meet design standard of Sa2.5. 抛丸用磨料应采用钢丸直径1.2-1.4 mm之间，比例60%,棱角砂直径1.0-1.2 mm，比例40%。考虑损耗适当定期加棱角砂来保证经抛丸处理后钢材表面有一个不规则的表面，粗糙度在40-75μ之间，达到Sa2.5的设计标准。 钢构经抛丸处理后，可能会留有死角或不合格处，如发生务必采用手工喷砂进行事先处理。凡抛丸工件必须经检验人员认可达标后，在4小时时间内进行涂漆Manually spray sand to the un-sprayed or unaccepted parts. Paint the sprayed components within 4 hours after accepted by professional inspector. 中班、夜班抛丸处理的工件，未经认可或未在4小时内进行涂漆工作，次日必须重新抛丸处理For components sprayed during middle or night shift, re-spray those which are unaccepted or  have not been paint within 4 hours.。 经抛丸处理并验收合格后，务必用压缩空气、吹净钢砂颗粒以及经抛丸处理后所残留的尘埃。压缩空气必须保证干燥、无油、水。达到DELPHI的标准后待涂漆Blowing steel sand and dust by compressed air after spraying accepted. Compressed air should be dry, without water or oil. Perform painting as  DELPHI.。 Paint General Specification涂装施工总则 当气温低于5℃时或高于40℃时：（除特殊 规定 关于下班后关闭电源的规定党章中关于入党时间的规定公务员考核规定下载规定办法文件下载宁波关于闷顶的规定 除外）必须采取相应措施改善环境，达到相应环境Measures should be taken when the ambient temperature is lower than 5℃ or higher than 40℃, unless otherwise noted. 当底材温度低于露点温度3℃时，以及相对温度大于85%不得喷涂No painting when temperature of base-material is 3℃ lower than dew point, or relative moisture is higher than 85%. 当底材表面有雨水、冰或雾无的情况下不得喷涂No painting when water, ice or mist on surface of base-material。 喷涂时，喷枪与被涂工件的喷距控制在35-45cm之间，喷枪与喷涂面应垂直。When spraying paint, distance between spray gun and work-piece to be painted should be 35-45cm, and the gun should be vertical to the work-piece. 喷枪往复喷幅：应控制在1-1.2cm之间，否则易产生浪费和过度飞扬（漆雾颗粒）。To-and-fro range of spraying should be controlled within1-1.2cm, otherwise, paint will be wasted ( paint mist) 在调漆配比时：需多少配多少，减少浪费Mix the required paint to avoid waste. 如果在喷时，由于不慎引起流挂，堆积产生的龟裂的问题。需用小型冲砂设备进行返工（喷漆修补应采用有气喷涂设备进行）。Repair the craze due to paint flowing by small spray sand equipment (gas spraying equipment) 喷面漆时，喷漆泵必须用面漆溶剂进行清洗后才能喷涂。Clean the paint sprayer when performing surface painting. 保证枪咀的正常使用与更换，以获得最佳的喷涂效果与最合理的油漆用量控制。To achieve best painting effect and control paint rationally, nozzle of paint gun should be guaranteed to normal operation & change. 钢结构防腐防火涂料按标书中提供数量和部位考虑报价，但钢梯、疏散楼梯、室外爬梯、装卸平台、高强螺栓、地脚螺栓、预埋铁件未按标书要求进行，施工时以施工图纸和规范要求执行，按实调整价格。 Anti-corrosion and fire paint for steel structure are quoted per quantity and location provided in bidding documents, but steel ladder, excavation staircase, external ladder, loading/unloading deck, HTB, ancho bolt and embedded iron items are quoted otherwise, which will be executed per IFC drawings and specifications and the price will be adjusted according to site circumstances. 防腐系统Corrosion protection systems 系统范围Range of systems Steel construction, carbon steel, hot dip galvanizing System Steel construction, carbon steel, hot dip galvanizing and coating (DUPLEX) System 2 Objects, carbon steel, not insulated, operating temperatures up to 120 °C System 3 钢结构，碳素钢，热浸镀锌及涂层(二次)系统2物体，碳素钢，非绝缘，工作温度高达120°C,系统3 系统描述Description of Systems 系统一System 1    热镀锌            Hot dip galvanizing          Surface preparation 表面处理 Preparation of surface according to GB 8923 -latest version (Eqv. ISO 8501-1) 表面处理是根据最新版本的(Eqv. ISO 8501-1)GB8923进行的 面层Coating For the application of the coating ISO 1461 is applicable. However the thickness of galvanized coat shall be min. 100 μm, max. 300 μm. ISO 1461适用于面层的应用。然而，镀锌面层的厚度应最小为100 μm，最大为300 μm 修复Repair Preparation of surface according to GB 8923 -latest version (Eqv. ISO 8501-1) Preparation method Mechanical cleaning of impurities (slag residues, welding particles, old zinc coating, etc.) by hand-or power tools After preparation Washing with low grade chloride water, max. Chloride concentration 6 PPM Degree of purity St 3 Profile roughness Rz 30 to 50 μm 表面处理是根据最新版本的(Eqv. ISO 8501-1)GB8923进行的。处理办法为通过手动或电动工具机械清洗杂质（熔渣杂物，焊接颗粒，旧的锌面层等等）。处理之后，用低恶性度氯化钠水溶液冲洗。最高氯化钠浓度为6 PPM，纯度为St 3，粗糙度为Rz 30 到 50 μm。 After surface preparation a primer must be applied immediately to avoid formation of any rust. 表面处理之后，应立即应用处理剂以避免生成任何锈蚀。 Repair coat 修复面层 1-Component, zinc rich, moisture cured, polyurethane coating OR 1- 零部件，单液型浓锌，湿气固化，聚氨酯涂层或 2-Component, zinc rich, epoxy coating Minimum dry film layer thickness: 80 μm Application by brushing 2-零部件，单液型浓锌，环氧树脂涂层最小干膜层厚度为80μm，通过刷涂使用 The maximum acceptable size of a single repair area for galvanized zinc coating is 10 cm2. In case, the damaged area is bigger than 10 cm2 the whole unit is to replace and a new galvanizing is to execute. 一个镀锌面层修复区的最大可接受尺寸为10平米。万一破损区超过10平米，整个此区域将被替换，并且要重新镀锌。 系统二System 2 Hot dip galvanizing and coating (DUPLEX) Surface preparation 热浸镀锌及涂层（二次）表面处理 Preparation of surface according to GB 8923 -latest version (Eqv. ISO 8501-1) 表面处理是根据最新版本的(Eqv. ISO 8501-1)GB8923进行的 After blasting Washing with low-grade chloride water, max. Chloride concentration 6 PPM Degree of purity Evenly roughened surface with a dense profile roughness Profile roughness Rz 30 to 50 μm 路面爆破后，用低恶性度氯化钠水溶液冲洗。最大氯化钠浓度为6PPM, 纯度均衡，齿形粗糙面为Rz 30 至 50 μm The coating material must be applied to dry and clean surfaces only. After surface preparation a primer must be applied immediately to avoid formation of any rust. 涂层材料必须只能用在干燥洁净的路面。表面处理之后，应立即应用处理剂以避免生成任何锈蚀。 底涂Primer 1-Component, moisture cured, polyurethane coating OR 2-Component, polyamide cured, epoxy coating Minimum dry film layer thickness: 60 μm Application by brushing, (rolling) or spraying 1-零部件，湿气固化，聚氨酯涂层或 2-零部件，聚酰胺固化，环氧树脂涂层最小干膜层厚度为60μm，通过刷涂，（滚涂）或喷涂使用。 结合层Intermediate coat No intermediate coat necessary 结合层并非必要 面层Topcoat 2-Component, aliphatic, acrylic, polyurethane coating Minimum dry film thickness: 60 μm Application by brushing, rolling or spraying 2-零部件，脂肪酸，丙烯酸，环氧树脂涂层最小干膜层厚度为60μm，通过刷涂，滚涂或喷涂使用。 系统三System 3 Carbon steel / T < 120 °C / Without Insulation 碳素钢/T< 120 °C/非绝缘 表面处理Surface preparation Preparation of surface according to GB 8923 -latest version (Eqv. ISO 8501-1) Preparation method Abrasive blasting Degree of purity Sa 2? A dense, uniform, sharp angular anchor pattern Profile roughness Rz 30 to 50 μm The coating material must be applied to dry and clean surfaces only. After surface preparation a primer must be applied immediately to avoid formation of any rust. 表面处理是根据最新版本的(Eqv. ISO 8501-1)GB8923进行的。处理办法为喷砂法。纯度为Sa 2?。一个密实，均衡，有尖角的锚纹剖面粗糙度为Rz 30 至 50 μm。涂层材料必须只能用在干燥洁净的表面。表面处理之后，应立即应用处理剂以避免生成任何锈蚀。 底涂Primer 1- Component, zinc rich, moisture cured, polyurethane coating OR 1- 零部件，单液型浓锌，湿气固化，聚氨酯涂层或 2-Component, zinc rich, epoxy coating Minimum dry film layer thickness: 65 μm Application by brushing or spraying 2-零部件，单液型浓锌，环氧树脂涂层最小干膜层厚度为65μm，通过刷涂或喷涂使用 结合层Intermediate coat 1-Component, micaceous iron oxide pigmented, moisture cured, polyurethane coating OR 2-Component, micaceous iron oxide pigmented, polyamide cured, epoxy coating Minimum dry film layer thickness: 125 μm Application by brushing, (rolling) or spraying 1-零部件，云母氧化铁颜料，湿气固化，聚氨酯涂层 或 2-零部件，云母氧化铁颜料，聚酰胺固化，环氧树脂涂层最小干膜层厚度为125μm，通过刷涂，（滚涂）或喷涂使用 面涂Topcoat 2-Component, aliphatic, acrylic, polyurethane coating Minimum dry film thickness: 60 μm Application by brushing, rolling or spraying 2-零部件，脂肪质，丙烯酸，聚氨酯涂层最小干膜层厚度为60μm，通过刷涂，滚涂或喷涂使用