云南省曲靖一中2009届高考冲刺卷英语(四)

云南省曲靖一中2009届高考冲刺卷 英语 关于好奇心的名言警句英语高中英语词汇下载高中英语词汇 下载英语衡水体下载小学英语关于形容词和副词的题 (四) www.tesoon.com 天星教育网，因你而精彩～版权所有，侵权必究～ 云南省2009年曲靖一中高考冲刺卷 英语(四) 本试卷分第I卷(选择题)和第?卷(非选择题)两部分，共150分，考试时间120分钟( 第I卷(选择题共115分) 第一部分:听力(30分略) 第二部分:英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分) 第一节:语法和词汇知识(共15小题，每小题1分(满分15分) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填人空白处的最佳选项( 21(I am very glad to hear news about progress of your book( A(a B(the C(an D(x 22(His son， he had been devoted，was living abroad( A(to whom B(with whom C(of whom D(on whom 23(I had not been reading for half an hour I heard steps outside( A(while B(as C(when D(since 24(—Can you come on Saturday or Sunday, —I?m afraid day is possible( A(none B(either C(some D(neither 25(We don't care if a hunting dog smells ，but we really don?t want him to smell A(well;well B(bad;bad C(well;badly D(badly;bad 26(Since I came to China I’ve known that about seven people ten speak Chinese( A(of B(to C(in D(about 27(The police found that the bank and a lot of money ( A(has broken into;has been stolen B(had broken into;had been stolen C(has been broken into;stolen D(had been broken into;stolen 28(一We haven?t heard from Jack for a long time( 一What do you suppose to him, A(was happening B(to happen C(has happened D(have happened 29(一My father is seriously ill and has been to the hospital( 本卷第1页(共21页) www.tesoon.com 天星教育网，因你而精彩～版权所有，侵权必究～ — A(Really, B(I?m sorry to hear that( C(That?s nothing serious( D(So do I( 30(一Will somebody go and get Dr(Smith, ( 一He?s already been A(asked for B(sent for C(looked for D(called for 31(I didn?t manage to work out the problem the teacher had explained how( A(until B(unless C(when D(before 32(一Would you do me a favor and give me a ride, — ( A(It?s my pleasure B(Take it easy C(With pleasure D(Never mind 33( more attention，the work could have been better done( A(Provided B(Caused C(Given D(Put 34(一We shall have to wait three months before we can get married( 一Oh， ( A(the wait could not be longer B(the wait can not be long C(the wait could not be long D(the wait could not be longest 35(Can you give us any about how we can improve our English, A(information B(suggestion C(indication D(expression 第二节:完形填空(共20小题，每小题1(5分(满分30分) 阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从36—55各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中，选出最佳选项( On a cold November afternoon，my mother and 1 were walking home from a 36 (We were dressed 37 (1 was feeling a little 38 as 1 was carrying our shopping，and decided to throw away something(So I started to walk towards a 39 when I noticed a poor man walking out of the restaurant in front of us(He 40 over to another nearby dustbin and started looking through it( I suddenly felt very guilty because 1 was about to throw away a new drink just because it was 41 (1 walked up to him and handed the 42 and some snacks,小吃,over to him(The 本卷第2页(共21页) www.tesoon.com 天星教育网，因你而精彩～版权所有，侵权必究～ man looked up 43 and took what I gave him( A huge smile 44 across his face and this 45 me to feel indescribable satisfaction(I felt I couldn?t be happier 46 myself(But then he said:“Wow，this is my son?s lucky day!” With that，he thanked me happily and started off on his bike，I 47 heard him whistling a song as he rode away( I got a warm 48 inside(I now understand 49 is meant by the saying “giving is getting”( Although it only 50 a little action and a few words，I gained and learned more in those two minutes than I did in the rest of the month(Everyone in the world needs 51 ，everyone can 52 help and everyone will be helped by 53 kindness( The image of that man?s happiness caused by my small gift appears in my mind every 54 I have the chance to do something nice( This is the 55 of charity,慈善行为,( 36(A(store B(school C(hospital D(factory 37(A(poorly B(coldly C(warmly D(expensively 38(A(glad B(interested C(bored D(tired 39(A(street B(dustbin C(toilet D(corner 40(A(walked B(looked C(thought D(took 41(A(cheap B(heavy C(tasteless D(full 42(A(money B(toys C(drink D(clothes 43(A(in silence B(in surprise C(in interest D(in a hurry 44(A(spread B(came C(went D(ran 45(A(forced B(helped C(made D(caused 46(A(with B(to C(at D(for 47(A(still B(never C(even D(ever 48(A(opinion B(mind C(idea D(feeling 49(A(which B(what C(that D(it 50(A(cost B(took C(spent D(asked 51(A(1ove B(money C(help D(drink 本卷第3页(共21页) www.tesoon.com 天星教育网，因你而精彩～版权所有，侵权必究～ 52(A(give B(send C(offer D(have 53(A(showing B(expressing C(1ending D(saying 54(A(moment B(day C(minute D(time 55(A(aim B(meaning C(strength D(power 第三部分:阅读理解(共20小题，每小题2分，满分40分) A When we talk about intelligence，we do not mean the ability to get a good score on a certain kind of test，or even the ability to do well in school(These are at best only indicators of something larger，deeper，and far more important(By intelligence we mean a style of life，a way of behaving in various situations(The true test of intelligence is not how much we know to do，but how we behave when we don?t know what to do( The intelligent person，young or old，meeting a new situation or problem，opens himself up to it(He tries to take in with mind and senses everything he can about it(He thinks about it， instead of about himself or what it might cause to happen to him(He grapples,努力克服,with it boldly，imaginatively，resourcefully,善于应变地,，and if not confidently，at least hopefully; if he fails to master it，he looks without fear or shame at his mistakes and learns what he can from them(This is intelligence(Clearly its roots lie in a certain feeling about life，and one?s self with respect to life(Just as clearly，unintelligence is not what most psychologists seem to suppose，the same thing as intelligence，only less of it(It is an entirely different set of attitudes( Years of watching and comparing bright children with the not-bright，or less bright，have shown that they are very different kinds of people(The bright child is curious about life and reality，eager to get in touch with it，embrace,捉住机会,it，unite himself with it(There is no wall，no barrier，between himself and life(On the other hand，the dull child is far less curious， far less interested in what goes on and what is real，more inclined,倾向于,to live in a world of fantasy(The bright child likes to experiment，to try things out(He lives by the maxim,格言, that there is more than one way to skin a cat(If he can?t do something one way，he?ll try another(The dull child is usually afraid to try at a11(It takes a great deal of urging to get him to try even once;if that try fails，he is through( Nobody starts off stupid(Hardly an adult in a thousand，or ten thousand，could in any three years of his life learn as much(Grow as much in his understanding of the world around him，as 本卷第4页(共21页) www.tesoon.com 天星教育网，因你而精彩～版权所有，侵权必究～ every infant,婴儿,learns and grows in his first three years(But what happens，as we grow older，to this extraordinary capacity for learning and intellectual growth,What happens is that it is destroyed，and more than by any other one thing，it is destroyed by the process that we misname education—a process that goes on in most homes and schools( 56(Which of the following is TRUE about an unintelligent child, A(He,She rarely daydreams( B(He,She takes the initiative(主动权)( C(He,She gives up easily( D(He,She isn?t afraid of failing( 57(The writer believes that “unintelligence” is ( A(similar to intelligence B(1ess than intelligence C(the common believes of most psychologists D(a particular way of looking at the world 58(Why does the writer say that education is misnamed, A(Because it takes place more in homes than in schools( B(Because it discourages intellectual growth( C(Because it helps dull children with their problems( D(Because it helps children understand the world around them( 59(“There is more than one way to skin a cat”(Which of the following maxim has a similar meaning to this one, A(If at first you don?t succeed，try，try，and try again( B(All work and no play make Johnny a dull boy( C(Make new friends and keep the old;one is silver and the other is gold( D(Make hay while the sun shines( 60(“It is an entirely different set of attitudes(”“It” in this sentence refers to ( A(intelligence B(behavior C(1ife D unintelligence B 本卷第5页(共21页) www.tesoon.com 天星教育网，因你而精彩～版权所有，侵权必究～ Good evening，ladies and gentlemen and welcome to this of the Box Bill Tennis Club(It?s good to see so many of you here this evening(I'm sure you?re all enjoyed the fine food，and that you are ready to hear our guest speaker( Ladies and gentlemen，we?re pleased to welcome our most famous club champion，Billy Rogers，to our meeting( Billy needs no introduction because he is one of the most well-known tennis players in our country(However，I must mention a few things about him(Billy has won the US Open three times，and Wimbledon twice(He has won more tennis tournaments,锦标赛,than any player from this country(He has been ranked number one in the world in both singles and doubles(He has played in the Davis Cup and the Hopman Cup for his country(His Wimbledon victory two years ago has been called one of the bravest in the modern time(Had he not been injured，he would undoubtedly have won a third Wimbledon Championship(Billy is regarded by many as perhaps the finest player ever in international tennis( But of course Billy is much more than a tennis champion( He is like an ambassador for the sport and for his country(He has done great work to help children around the world，and his generosity to children?s charity funds is well known( And of course，Billy is the most successful graduate of our club(He won the club championships when he was twelve—yes，at only twelve(And Billy has not forgotten where it all started(That?s why he accepted our invitation to speak to us tonight(We?re proud to have played a small part in Billy?s success( Won?t you please give a big hand to our own Billy Rogers, 61(Why did Billy Rogers not win the third Wimbledon, A(Because he had no chance to take part in it( B(Because he was too old to beat his opposite( C(Because he got himself hurt( D(Because he was too busy to well prepare it( 62(How many kinds of famous tournaments did Billy Rogers takes part in according to the text, A(Two( B(Four( C(Three( D(Six( 63(Which of the following can?t be inferred from the text, A(Billy Rogers likes children very much( 本卷第6页(共21页) www.tesoon.com 天星教育网，因你而精彩～版权所有，侵权必究～ B(Billy Rogers played tennis in America( C(Billy Rogers is the most important guest of the party( D(Billy Rogers began to play tennis in college( 64(The tone of this text can best be described as ( scientific B(admiring C(cold D(confident A( C Used by over half a million learners，English Practice is one of the world?s most popular online English learning products(English Practice offers over 40，000 interactive 1essons for all levels of students who want to study and improve their English(Our structured content will help you improve your speaking，vocabulary，grammar，and your listening and written comprehension(And because English Practice is online，you can study at a pace and at a time that is convenient for you( How to Study When you start with English Practice we will give you a test to evaluate your language level(We will then recommend that you start as either a beginning intermediate or advanced learner(At each level you can take classes in General English，Work Skills，or Community to improve the skills you need(When you have completed enough lessons，we will give you another test and move you up to the next level( General English This is where you will find lessons to improve your grammar，listening comprehension，and vocabulary(There are new lessons weekly so you will always find new 1essons to this area you can also take lessons to prepare for TOEFL and IELTS( Work Skills This is where you can take lessons to teach you the specific skills you will need if you have to speak English at work，or do business in English(There are lessons on general business skills as well as courses to on specific industries( Community In the Community section you find English Practice’s popular chat room，where you can practice with fellow students from around the world，and ask English teachers questions about English Community also has fun games like Bingo，Hangman，and Karaoke(As well as links to 本卷第7页(共21页) www.tesoon.com 天星教育网，因你而精彩～版权所有，侵权必究～ online English studying resources( 65(Compared with the courses in class，English practice has the advantage that ( A(you can improve your English quickly through it B(it will offer you the method of how to study English well C(you can plan your time for English study according to your practical situation D(you can teach yourself English at any time 66(If you want to study English breezily(轻松地)，you should get into the section( A(General English B(Work Skills C(Community D(How to study 67(If you are a student and want to add to your basic knowledge of English，you?d better ( A(take the test offered by English Practice B(take the General English C(take the classes in Work Skills D(the classes in Community 68(People can most probably read this article( A(on the Internet B(in an instruction book C(in a magazine D(in a newspaper D If you want to be a Success，study at the University of Waikato is right for you(The university is internationally recognized for its excellence and achievements(It will help you develop advanced research skills(As a university student you can get first-class research facilities (设施)with trained teachers to help，support and advise you in your study(We pride ourselves on our high standards，our research success and our international recognition(For further information:inf @ waikato(ac(nz( Degree We offer a wide choice of bachelor?s degrees,学士学位,for international students，which includes:Arts，Communication Studies，Social Sciences，etc(Bachelor of Music and Bachelor of Education are only for New Zealand citizens(For further information:deg @ waikato(ac(nz( 本卷第8页(共21页) www.tesoon.com 天星教育网，因你而精彩～版权所有，侵权必究～ Tuition Fees(学费) Tuition fees are different from department to department，generally from $ 5，000 to $ 6，000 a year(For further information:tui @ waikato(ac(nz( Accommodation(住宿) which will cost about $ 100 a month with other You can have a room in a 4-bedroom flat， regular living costs of about $ 150 a month for one person(For further information:acc @ waikato(ac(nz( Health The Student Health Service provides excellent medical services for students(The Medical Centre is open five days a week，including student holidays with four doctors and nurses to meet your medical needs(For further information:heal @ waikato(ac(nz( Sports The Centre is a great place to have sports activities(Trained exercise teachers can help you work out a training plan and keep you active(The sports hall has volleyball，basketball and indoor football courts and a swimming pool as well(There are also a large number of sports clubs at Waikato(For further information:sports @ waikato(ac(nz( 69(If you want to get more information about arts，you can write to ( A(sports @ waikato(ac(nz B(heal @ waikato(ac(nz C(deg @ waikato(ac(nz D(inf @ waikato(ac(nz 70(You have to pay at least a year if you study at the University of Waikato( A($5，250 B($8，000 C($9，000 D($11，000 71(According to the text，what will you do if you are ill during Christmas holidays, A(Go to a hospital nearby( B(Buy some medicine in a drug store( C(See a doctor at the school medical centre( D(Try to get help from your classmates( E Parents should stop blaming themselves because there?s not a lot they can do about it(I mean the teenager,十几岁的孩子,problem(Whatever you do or however you choose to deal with it， 本卷第9页(共21页) www.tesoon.com 天星教育网，因你而精彩～版权所有，侵权必究～ at certain a wonderful，reasonable and helpful child will turn into a terrible animal( I?ve seen friends deal with it in all kinds of different ways(One strict mother insisted that her son，right from a child，should stand up whenever anyone entered the room，open doors and shake hands like a gentleman(I saw him last week when I called round(Sprawling,懒散地躺,himself on the sofa in full length，he made no attempt to turn off the loud TV he was watching as 1 walked in，and his greeting was no more than a quick glance at me(His mother was ashamed，„„I don?t know what to do with him these days，”she said(“He?s forgotten all the manners we taught him(” He hasn?t forgotten them，He?s just decided that he?s not going to use them(She confessed ,坦白,that she would like to come up behind him and throw him down from the sofa onto the floor( Another good friend of mine let her two daughters climb all over the furniture，reach across the table，stare at me and say，“I don?t like your dress;it?s ugly(”One of the daughters has recently been driven out of school(The other has left home( “Where did we go wrong,”her parents are now very sad(Probably nowhere much(At least， no more than the rest of that unfortunate race，parents( 72(This text is most probably written by ( A(a specialist in teenager studies B(a headmaster of a middle school C(a parent with teenage children D(a doctor for mental health problems 73(The underlined word “it” in the second paragraph refers to ( A(the change from good to bad that?s seen in a child B(the way that parents often blame themselves C(the opinion that a child has of his parents D(the advice that parents want their children to follow 74(The boy on the sofa would most probably be described as ( A(1azy B(quiet C(unusual D(rude 75(From the second example we can infer that the parents of the two daughters ( A(pay no attention to them B(are too busy to look after them C(have come to hate them D(feel helpless to do much about them 第?卷(非选择题共35分) 本卷第10页(共21页) www.tesoon.com 天星教育网，因你而精彩～版权所有，侵权必究～ 第一节:短文改错(每空1分，满分10分) 请按下列情况改错: 该行多一个词:把多余的词用斜线(,)划掉，在该行右边横线上写出并划掉( 该行缺一个词:在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，在该行右边横线上写出该加的词( , 该行错一个词:在错词下画一横线，在该行右边横线上写出该改的词( 该行若无错误:在该行右边横线上画一个勾( Yesterday I have received your long letter of November 76( th28 . I was looking forward that letter and want to thank 77( you for it(But not only should I thank you for you letter， 78( I feel you are a most wonderful parents in the world(If 79( I look around me，I see some student hardly ever hear 80( from their parents(But when I think about you，my heart 81( fill with warmth(So 1 want to thank you for all your 82( loving support. I can only send you a short letter today 83( and promise 1 will write more，late this week(At this 84( moment we were very busy preparing the term exam( 85( 第二节:书面 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 达(满分25分) 假定你是李华，是上海育才中学的高三学生，国际友谊俱乐部根据你的要求，把美国朋友贝蒂介绍给你成为笔友(现由你写封120字左右的信给贝蒂，信的内容包括: 1(表示互相通信的愿望( 2(简单介绍一下自己，包括你的爱好，如:喜欢打乒乓球、游泳等( 3(希望对方介绍一下美国人的生活，比如美国人的家庭生活，他们在想什么，他们喜欢听什么音乐，他们喜欢读什么书等( 4(期待对方回信。 本卷第11页(共21页) www.tesoon.com 天星教育网，因你而精彩～版权所有，侵权必究～ 参 考 答 案 21(B 22(A 23(C 24(D 25(D 26(C 27(D 28(C 29(B 30(B 31(A 32(C 33(C 34(A 35(B 36(A 37(C 38(D 39(B 40(A 41(B 42(C 43(B 44(A 45(D 46(A 47(C 48(D 49(B 50(B 51(C 52(A 53(A 54(D 55(D 56(C 57(D 58(B 59(A 60(D 61(C 62(B 63(D 64(B 65(C 66(C 67(B 68(A 69(C 70(B 71(C 72(A 73(A 74(D 75(D 76(去掉have 77(forward后加t0 78(you 1etter改为your letter 79(a改为the, 80(student改为students 81(But改为so 82(fill改为fills 83(? 84(1ate改为later 85(were改为are Possible version: Dear Betty， You were introduced me by international I?m happy to write to you for the first time( Friendship C1ub because I wanted to have a pen friend in your country(I hope we?ll be good friends to a long time and write to each other often. My name is Li Hua，a student of Senior 3 of Yucai Middle School in Shanghai(I shall be eighteen years old in December this year(And when is your birthday,I 1ike collecting stamps，playing Ping-Pong，swimming and so on( I?m very interested in American 1ire;How Americans live at home，how they think，what kind of music they 1isten to，what books they like to read,etc( I'm expecting to hear from you soon( Yours truly， Lihua 本卷第12页(共21页) www.tesoon.com 天星教育网，因你而精彩～版权所有，侵权必究～ 下面是经典古文名句赏析～～不需要的朋友， 可以下载后编辑删除～～谢谢 经典古文名篇(一);1.陋室铭刘禹锡(唐)字梦得《刘梦得文集》;山不在高，有仙则名;2(马说韩愈(唐)字退之《昌黎先生集》;世有伯乐，然后有千里马;马之千里者，一食(shí)或尽粟一石(dàn);策之不以其道，食(sì)之不能尽其材(才)，鸣之;3(师说韩愈(唐);古之学者必有师;嗟乎～师道之不传也久矣～欲人之无惑也难矣～古之圣;圣人无常师;李氏子蟠，年十七 经典古文名篇(一) 本卷第13页(共21页) www.tesoon.com 天星教育网，因你而精彩～版权所有，侵权必究～ 1. 陋室铭 刘禹锡(唐)字梦得 《刘梦得文集》 山不在高，有仙则名。水不在深，有龙则灵。斯是陋室，惟吾德馨。苔痕上阶绿，草色入帘青。谈笑有鸿儒，往来无白丁。可以调素琴，阅金经。无丝竹之乱耳，无案牍之劳形。南阳诸葛庐，西蜀子云亭。孔子云:何陋之有, 2(马说 韩愈(唐) 字退之《昌黎先生集》 世有伯乐，然后有千里马。千里马常有，而伯乐不常有。故虽有名马，只辱于奴隶人之手，骈死于槽枥之间，不以千里称也。 马之千里者，一食(shí)或尽粟一石(dàn)。食(sì)马者不知千里而食(sì)也。是马也，虽有千里之能，食(shí)不饱，力不足，才美不外见(现)，且欲与常马等不可得，安求其能千里也, 策之不以其道，食(sì)之不能尽其材(才)，鸣之而不能通其意，执策而临之，曰:“天下无马～”呜呼～其真无马邪(ye),其真不知马也。 3(师说 韩愈(唐) 古之学者必有师。师者，所以传道受(授)业解惑也。人非生而知之者，孰能无惑,惑而不从师，其为惑也，终不解矣。生乎吾前，其闻道也固先乎吾，吾从而师之;生乎吾后，其闻道也亦先乎吾，吾从而师之。吾师道也，夫庸知其年之先后生于吾乎,是故无贵无贱，无长无少，道之所存，师之所存也。 嗟乎～师道之不传也久矣～欲人之无惑也难矣～古之圣人，其出人也远矣，犹且从师而问焉;今之众人，其下圣人也亦远矣，而耻学于师。是故圣益圣，愚 本卷第14页(共21页) www.tesoon.com 天星教育网，因你而精彩～版权所有，侵权必究～ 益愚。圣人之所以为圣，愚人之所以为愚，其皆出于此乎,爱其子，择师而教之;于其身也，则耻师焉，惑矣。彼童子之师，授之书而习其句读(d?u)者，非吾所谓传其道解其惑者也。句读之不知，惑之不解，或师焉，或不(fǒu)焉，小学而大遗，吾未见其明也。巫医乐师百工之人，不耻相师。士大夫之族，曰师曰弟子云者，则群聚而笑之。问之，则曰:“彼与彼年相若也，道相似也，位卑则足羞，官盛则近谀。”呜呼～师道之不复，可知矣。巫医乐师百工之人，君子不齿，今其智乃反不能及，其可怪也欤～ 圣人无常师。孔子师郯(tán)子、苌(cháng)弘、师襄、老聃(dàn)。郯子之徒，其贤不及孔子。孔子曰:三人行，则必有我师。是故弟子不必不如师，师不必贤于弟子，闻道有先后，术业有专攻，如是而已。 李氏子蟠，年十七，好古文，六艺经传皆通习之，不拘于时，学于余。余嘉其能行古道，作《师说》以贻之。 4.爱莲说 周敦颐(北宋) 字茂叔《周元公集》 水陆草木之花，可爱者甚藩(fán)。晋陶渊明独爱菊。自李唐来，世人甚爱牡丹。予独爱莲之出淤泥而不染，濯清涟而不妖，中通外直，不蔓不枝，香远益清，亭亭净植，可远观而不可亵玩焉。 予谓菊，花之隐逸者也;牡丹，花之富贵者也;莲，花之君子者也。噫～菊之爱，陶后鲜有闻。莲之爱，同予者何人,牡丹之爱，宜乎众矣～ 5.得道多助，失道寡助 《孟子?公孙丑》(战国)名轲 字子舆 天时不如地利，地利不如人和。 三里之城，七里之郭，环而攻之而不胜。夫还而攻之，必有得天时者矣，然而不胜者，是天时不如地利也。 城非不高也，池非不深也，兵革非不坚利也，米粟非不多也，委而去之，是地利不如人和也。 本卷第15页(共21页) www.tesoon.com 天星教育网，因你而精彩～版权所有，侵权必究～ 故曰，域民不以封疆之界，固国不以山溪之险，威天下不以兵革之利。得道者多助，失道者寡助。寡助之至，亲戚畔(叛)之。多助之至，天下顺之。以天下之所顺，攻亲戚之所畔，故君子有不战，战必胜矣。 6(生于忧患，死于安乐 《孟子?告子》 舜发于畎亩之中，傅说(yua)举于版筑之间，胶鬲举于鱼盐之中，管夷吾举于士，孙叔敖举于海，百里奚举于市。 故天将降大任于是人也，必先苦其心志，劳其筋骨，饿其体肤，空乏其身，行拂乱其所为，所以动心忍性，曾(增)益其所不能。 人恒过，然后能改;困于心，衡于虑，而后作;征于色，发于声，而后喻。入则无法家拂(bì)士，出则无敌国外患者，国恒亡。然后知生于忧患，而死于安乐也。 7(鱼我所欲也 《孟子》 鱼，我所欲也，熊掌，亦我所欲也，二者不可得兼，舍鱼而取熊掌者也。生，亦我所欲也，义，亦我所欲也，二者不可得兼，舍生而取义者也。生亦我所欲，所欲有甚于生者，故不为苟得也。死亦我所恶，所恶有甚于死者，故患有所不避也。如使人之所欲莫甚于生，则凡可以得生者何不用也,使人之所恶莫甚于死者，则凡可以避患者何不为也,由是则生而有不用也;由是则可以避患而有不为也。是故所欲有甚于生者，所恶有甚于死者。非独贤者有是心也，人皆有之，贤者能勿丧耳。 一箪食，一豆羹，得之则生，弗得则死。呼尔而与之，行道之人弗受;蹴尔而与之，乞人不屑也。 万钟则不辨礼义而受之，万钟于我何加焉～为宫室之美，妻妾之奉，所识穷乏者得我欤,向为身死而不受，今为宫室之美为之;向为身死而不受，今为妻妾之奉为之;向为身死而不受，今为所识穷乏者得我而为之:是亦不可以已乎,此之谓失其本心。 8(劝学 《荀子》(战国)名况 本卷第16页(共21页) www.tesoon.com 天星教育网，因你而精彩～版权所有，侵权必究～ 君子曰:学不可以已。青，取之于蓝，而青于蓝;冰，水为之，而寒于水。木直中(zh?ng)绳，以为轮，其曲中规。虽有(又)槁(gào)暴(pù)，不复挺者，使之然也。故木受绳则直，金就砺则利，君子博学而日参(cān)省乎己，则知明而行无过矣。 吾尝终日而思矣，不如须臾之所学也;吾尝跂(qí)而望矣，不如登高之博见也。登高而招，臂非加长也，而见者远;顺风而呼，声非加疾也，而闻者彰。假舆马者，非利足也，而致千里;假舟楫者，非能水也，而绝江河。君子生(性)非异也，善假于物也。 积土成山，风雨兴焉;积水成渊，蛟龙生焉;积善成德，而神明自得，圣心备焉。故不积跬步，无以至千里;不积小流，无以成江海。骐骥一跃，不能十步;驽马十驾，功在不舍。锲而舍之，朽木不折;锲而不舍，金石可镂。蚓无爪牙之利，筋骨之强，上食埃土，不饮黄泉，用心一也。蟹六跪而二螯，非蛇鳝之穴无可寄托者，用心躁也。 9(问说 刘开(清)字明东、方来 号孟涂 君子学必好问。问与学，相辅而行者也，非学无以致疑，非问无以广识。好学而不勤问，非真能好学者也。理明矣，而或不达于事，识其大矣，而或不知其细，舍问，其奚决焉, 贤于己者，问焉以破其疑，所谓就有道而正也。不如己者，问焉以求一得，所谓以能问于不能，以多问于寡也。等于己者，问焉以资切磋，所谓交相问难(nàn)，审问而明辨之也。《书》不云乎,“好问则裕。”孟子论“求放心”，而并称曰“学问之道”，学即继以问也。子思言“尊德性”，而归于“道问学”，问且先于学也。 古之人虚中乐善，不择事而问焉，不择人而问焉，取其有益于身而已。是故狂夫之言，圣人择之，刍荛(ráo)之微，先民询之，舜以天子而询于匹夫，以大知而察及迩言，非苟为谦，诚取善之弘也。三代而下，有学而无问，朋友之交，至于劝善规过足矣，其以义理相咨访，孜孜焉唯进修是急，未之多见也，况流俗乎, 是己而非人，俗之同病。学有未达，强(qiǎng)以为知，理有未安，妄以臆度(duo)， 本卷第17页(共21页) www.tesoon.com 天星教育网，因你而精彩～版权所有，侵权必究～ 如是，则终身几无可问之事。贤于己者，忌之而不愿问焉，不如己者，轻之而不屑问焉，等于己者，狎之而不甘问焉，如是，则天下几无可问之人。人不足服矣，事无可疑矣，此唯师心自用耳。夫自用，其小者也;自知其陋而谨护其失，宁使学终不进，不欲虚以下人，此为害于心术者大，而蹈之者常十之。 不然，则所问非所学焉:询天下之异文鄙事以快言论;甚且心之所已明者，问之人以试其能，事之至难解者，问之人以穷其短。而非是者，虽有切于身心性命之事，可以收取善之益，求一屈己焉而不可得也。嗟乎～学之所以不能几(jī)于古者，非此之由乎, 且夫不好问者，由心不能虚也;心之不虚，由好学之不诚也。亦非不潜心专力之敌，其学非古人之学，其好亦非古人之好也，不能问宜也。 智者千虑，必有一失。圣人所不知，未必不为愚人之所知也;愚人之所能，未必非圣人之不能也。理无专在，而学无止境也，然则问可少耶,《周礼》，外朝以询万民，国之政事尚问及庶人，是故贵可以问贱，贤可以问不肖，而老可以问幼，唯道之所成而已矣。孔文子不耻下问，夫子贤之。古人以问为美德，而并不见其有可耻也，后之君子反争以问为耻，然则古人所深耻者，后世且行之而不以为耻者多矣，悲夫～ 10. 前赤壁赋 苏轼(北宋) 字子瞻 号东坡居士 壬戌之秋，七月既望，苏子与客泛舟游于赤壁之下。清风徐来，水波不兴。举酒属客，诵明月之诗，歌窈窕之章。少焉，月出于东山之上，徘徊于斗牛之间。白露横江，水光接天。纵一苇之所如，凌万顷之茫然。浩浩乎如冯虚御风，而不知其所止;飘飘乎如遗世独立，羽化而登仙。 于是饮酒乐甚，扣舷而歌之。歌曰:“桂棹兮兰桨，击空明兮溯流光;渺渺兮予怀，望美人兮天一方。”客有吹洞箫者，倚歌而和之。其声呜呜然，如怨，如慕，如泣，如诉，余音袅袅，不绝如缕。舞幽壑之潜蛟，泣孤舟之嫠妇。 苏子愀然，正襟危坐而问客曰:“何为其然也,”客曰:“„月明星稀，乌鹊南飞?，此非曹孟德之诗乎,西望夏口，东望武昌，山川相缪，郁乎苍苍，此非曹孟德之困于周郎者乎,方其破荆州，下江陵，顺流而东也，舳舻千里，旌旗蔽空，酾酒临江，横槊赋诗，固一世之雄也，而今安在哉,况吾与子渔樵于江渚之上， 本卷第18页(共21页) www.tesoon.com 天星教育网，因你而精彩～版权所有，侵权必究～ 侣鱼虾而友麋鹿，驾一叶之扁舟，举匏樽以相属。寄蜉蝣于天地，渺沧海之一粟。哀吾生之须臾，羡长江之无穷。挟飞仙以遨游，抱明月而长终。知不可乎骤得，托遗响于悲风。” 苏子曰:“客亦知夫水与月乎,逝者如斯，而未尝往也;盈虚者如彼，而卒莫消长也。盖将自其变者而观之，则天地曾不能以一瞬;自其不变者而观之，则物与我皆无尽也，而又何羡乎,且夫天地之间，物各有主。苟非吾之所有，虽一毫而莫取。唯江上之清风，与山间之明月，耳得之而为声，目遇之而成色，取之无禁，用之不竭，是造物者之无尽藏也，而吾与子之所共适。” 客喜而笑，洗盏更酌。肴核既尽，杯盘狼藉。相与枕藉乎舟中，不知东方之既白。 11(后赤壁赋 苏轼 是岁十月之望，步自雪堂，将归于临皋。二客从予，过黄泥之坂。霜露既降，木叶尽脱。人影在地，仰见明月。顾而乐之，行歌相答。已而叹曰:“有客无酒，有酒无肴，月白风清，如此良夜何,”客曰:“今者薄暮，举网得鱼，巨口细鳞，状如松江之鲈。顾安所得酒乎,”归而谋诸妇。妇曰:“我有斗酒，藏之久矣，以待子不时之需。” 于是携酒与鱼，复游于赤壁之下。江流有声，断岸千尺，山高月小，水落石出。曾日月之几何，而江山不可复识矣～予乃摄衣而上，履巉岩，披蒙茸，踞虎豹，登虬龙，攀栖鹘之危巢，俯冯夷之幽宫，盖二客不能从焉。划然长啸，草木震动，山鸣谷应，风起云涌。予亦悄然而悲，肃然而恐，凛乎其不可留也。反而登舟，放乎中流，听其所止而休焉。时夜将半，四顾寂寥。适有孤鹤，横江东来，翅如车轮，玄裳缟衣，戛然长鸣，掠予舟而西也。 须臾客去，予亦就睡。梦一道士，羽衣蹁跹，过临皋之下，揖予而言曰:“赤壁之游乐乎,”问其姓名，俯而不答。“呜呼噫嘻～我知之矣。畴昔之夜，飞鸣而过我者，非子也耶,”道士顾笑，予亦惊寤。开户视之，不见其处。 12(卖炭翁 白居易(唐) 字乐天 号香山居士《白氏长庆集》 本卷第19页(共21页) www.tesoon.com 天星教育网，因你而精彩～版权所有，侵权必究～ 卖炭翁，伐薪烧炭南山中。满面尘灰烟火色，两鬓苍苍十指黑。卖炭得钱何所营,身上衣裳口中食。可怜身上衣正单，心忧炭贱愿天寒。夜来城外一尺雪，晓驾炭车碾冰辙。牛困人饥日以高，市南门外泥中歇。 翩翩两骑(jì)来是谁,黄衣使者白衫儿。手把文书口称敕，回车叱牛牵向北。一车炭，千余斤，宫使驱将(jiāng)惜不得。半匹红绡一丈绫，系(jì)向牛头充炭直(值)。 13(木兰诗 《乐府诗集》 北朝民歌 唧唧复唧唧，木兰当户织。不闻机杼声，惟闻女叹息。 问女何所思，问女何所忆。女亦无所思，女亦无所忆。昨夜见军帖(tiě)，可汗大点兵，军书十二卷，卷卷有爷名。阿爷无大儿，木兰无长兄，愿为市鞍马，从此替爷征。 东市买骏马，西市买鞍鞯(jiān)，南市买辔头，北市买长鞭。旦辞爷娘去，暮宿黄河边，不闻爷娘唤女声，但闻黄河流水鸣溅溅(jiàn)。旦辞黄河去，暮至黑山头，不闻爷娘唤女声，但闻燕山胡骑鸣啾啾。 万里赴戎机，关山度若飞。朔气传金柝，寒光照铁衣。将军百战死，壮士十年归。 归来见天子，天子坐明堂。策勋十二转，赏赐百千强。可汗问所欲，木兰不用尚书郎;愿驰千里足，送儿还故乡。 爷娘闻女来，出郭相扶将(jiāng);阿姊闻妹来，当户理红妆;小弟闻姊来，磨刀霍霍向猪羊。开我东阁门，坐我西阁床，脱我战时袍，着我旧时裳，当窗理云鬓，对镜帖(贴)花黄。出门看火(伙)伴，火伴皆惊忙:同行十二年，不知木兰是女郎。 雄兔脚扑朔，雌兔眼迷离;双兔傍(bàng)地走，安能辨我是雄雌, 14.石钟山记 苏轼 本卷第20页(共21页) www.tesoon.com 天星教育网，因你而精彩～版权所有，侵权必究～ 《水经》云:“彭蠡之口有石钟山焉。”骊元以为下临深潭，微风鼓浪，水石相搏，声如洪钟。是说也，人常疑之。今以钟磬置水中，虽大风浪不能鸣也，而况石乎～至唐李渤始访其遗踪，得双石于潭上，扣而聆之，南声函胡，北音清越，枹(fú)止响腾，余韵徐歇。自以为得之矣。然是说也，余尤疑之。石之铿然有声者，所在皆是也，而此独以钟名，何哉, 元丰七年六月丁丑，余自齐安舟行适临汝，而长子迈将赴饶之德兴尉，送之至湖口，因得观所谓钟者。侍僧使小童扶斧，于乱石间择其一二扣之，硿硿(kōng)焉，余固笑而不信也。至莫(暮)夜月明，独与迈乘小舟，至绝壁下。大石侧立千尺，如猛兽奇鬼，森然欲搏人;而山上栖鹘(hú)，闻人声亦惊起，磔磔(zh?)云霄间;又有若老人咳且笑于山谷中者，或曰此鹳(guàn)鹤也。余方心动欲还，而大声发于水上，噌(zēng)吰(h?ng)如钟鼓不绝。舟人大恐。徐而察之，则山下皆石穴罅，不知其浅深，微波入焉，涵淡澎湃而此为此也。舟回至两山间，将入港口，有大石当中流，可坐百人，空中而多窍，与风水相吞吐，有窾(kuǎn)坎镗(tāng)鞳(tà)之声，与向之噌吰相应，如乐作焉。因笑谓迈曰:“汝识之乎,噌吰者，周景王之无射也，窾坎镗鞳者，魏庄子之歌钟也。古之人不余欺也～” 事不目见耳闻，而臆断其有无，可乎,骊元之所见闻，殆于余同，而言之不详;士大夫终不肯以小舟夜泊绝壁之下，故莫能知～而渔工水师虽知而不能言。此世所以不传也。而陋者乃以斧斤考击而求之，自以为得其实。余是以记之，盖叹骊元之简，而笑李渤之陋也。 15(五人墓碑记 张溥(明) 字天如 《七录斋集》 五人者，盖当蓼(liǎo)洲周公之被逮(dài)，激于义而死焉者也。至于今，郡之贤士大夫请于当道，即除魏阉废祠之址以葬之;且立石于其墓之门，以旌(jīng)其所为。呜呼，亦盛矣哉～ 夫五人之死，去今之墓而葬焉，其为时止十有一月耳。夫十有一月之中，凡富贵之子，慷慨得志之徒，其疾病而死，死而湮没不足道者，亦已众矣;况草野之无闻者欤,独五人之皦皦(jiǎo)，何也, 本卷第21页(共21页)