英语音标及对应此音的字母或字母组合

英语音标及对应此音的字母或字母组合 英语国际音标表(48个)元音20个 包括单元音 12个 [i:] [i] [æ] [e] [?:] [?] [?:] [?] [u:] [u] [ɑ:] [Λ] 双元音8个:[ai] [ei] [?i] [i?] [e?] [u?] [?u] [au] 辅音共28个 包括爆破音6个:[p]、/b/、[t]、[d]、[k]、[g] 磨擦音10个:[f]、[v]、[θ]、[ð] 、[s]、[z]、[r]、[ 1.元音: 1) [i:] 字母组合:ee ea e ie three tree green sheep meet beef see seek eat tea meat leave lead teacher team mean speak clean please he she me piece receive ceiling 2) 发音字母 [i] i y e sit picture it is list six mix fix fit pig big build miss myth many twenty happy dictionary defect decide delicious 3) [æ] 发音字母 a bag hand and ant happy hat map mad bad black back glad flag shall man 4) [e] 字母组合 ea e a head bread pleasure elephant electric remember sell shell lesson better bed desk hotel yes many any 5) [ε:] 字母组合ir ur ear er or girl shirt skirt thirty thirteen third bird turn burn murder nurse turtle Thursday burger learn earn earth heard term her nerd serve work worm work world 6) [ε] 字母组合 er or ou ar o a e u teacher leader remember player speaker farmer powder doctor actor mayor author tractor delicious gracious plesurea familiar collar dollar together tomorrow today shallow lesson Washington control polite around account ago elephant manta banana Canada Japan china men listen famulus Saturday 7) [a:] 字母组合 ar a car farm card arm garden fast class last glass plant aunt calm 8) [Λ] 发音字母 u o ou oo up supper lunch fun gun hunt cup bus come 9) [o:] 字母组合 al or au our ar small wall talk t all hall ball call walk short more lord horse for forty sport door floor store author caught autumn four mourn court bought warm quarrel quarter 1 10 [?] 发音字母 o a hot lost lot fox box mop hop loss collar not want wash watch 11) [u:] 字母组合 oo o u food moon room gloom broom doom goose tooth shoe do two true truth blue full prude 12) [u] 字母组合 oo ou u o look good foot book wood should could put full bull pull push woman wolf 13) [ei] 发音字母 a ay ea ai ey name cake late gate plane April play say may way great break rain paint plain they grey 14) [ai] 发音字母 i y bike fine find die nine light night high my try fly eye 15) [au] 字母组合 ou ow house out flour ground account count sound loud around mouse flower down now cow how town 16) [εu] 发音字母 o ow oa home cold go no phone host ghost know low below grow blow show flow boat coat goal 17) [oi] 字母组合oy oi boy toy joy oil soil voice choice 18) [iε] 字母组合 eer ear beer deer ear near here fierce idea 19) [e?] 字母组合ear air ere pear bear chair air fair there where care 20) 字母组合[au] our ower hour tour flower shower The summary of new concept English copy one: 音标与字母组合 e-----be me we he she ea---------eat neat beat ee------see deed feel free ie --------piece belief grief I ------it sit bit fit e----------begin belong delay desire /iz/ ----horses races prices /id/-------waited needed carried parted /ist/----forest honest longest e------get yet wet check a--------any many ea-----dead ready sweat weather a -------cap map fat hat u--------cup up fun gun o--------come some one does ou-------tough rough touch 2 ir------sir shirt bird third or------word worth worst ur------fur curl church ear----early heard earnest er------certain person service a-------ago again among above er------fever teacher winter worker or------doctor actor our-----labour neighbour ay------pay day way road street a--------shade made take ai-------pain gain main tail o-------go so no oh ow------show low known own bowl oa-----coat boat soap a cake of o--------hope phone note ol------told sold fold cold ie-----lie die tie y--------why try fly type igh---high fight sight light might I ---------ride life ripe wide while ow----how cow call vow wow now town ou---------out doubt mouth south round oy----boy toy joy royal oi---------choice noise join coin oil ear----ear tear dear hear near ea--------real really realize idea ere------sphere sincere er--------serious mysterious superior eer-------sheer deer beer air------air pair repair affair fair ear-------bear tear wear are------spare care share declare oor------poor moor our--------tour ure ------pure sure mature endure ur---------fury jury furious rural 3 语音基础知识 ?音素:即每一个独立的国际音标。(*见表1) study学习[‘s-t-?-d-i](含5个音素) ; country国家[‘k-?-n-tr-i](含5个音素) car小汽车[k-a:](含2个音素) ; dictionary字典[‘d-i-k-?-?-n-?-r-i](含含9个音素) 国际音标中共有20个元音音素和28个辅音音素。 ? 音标:即每一个单词的完整的注音记录。 study学习[‘st?-di] ; country国家[‘k?n-tri] (((( car小汽车[ka:] ; dictionary字典[‘dik-??-n?-ri] (((((( 4 每一个音标分为几段(音节段)，如上。每一个音节段只含有一个元音音素和一个或一个以上的辅音音素构成。 如何划分音节段: (1) 有多少个元音音素，就有多少个音节段 stu?dy学习[‘st?-di](2个音节段) ; coun?try国家[‘k?n-tri](2个音((((节段) car小汽车[ka:] (1个音节段) ; dic?tio?na?ry字典[‘dik-??-n?-ri](((((((4个音节段) (2) 两个元音音素之间若只有一个辅音音素，那这个辅音归属为后一个音节段 stu?dy学习[‘st?-- d i] ; ti?ger老虎[‘t ai-- g ?] Chi?na中国[‘t? ai-- n ?] ; ru?ler尺 [‘r u:-- l ?] 即简单点就是: 元音---(辅音+元音) (3) 两个元音音素之间若有两个辅音音素，则这两个辅音分属前后的音节段(即 前后各一个) coun?try国家 [‘k?n--tri] ; good?ness善良[‘g u d-- n i s] ; dic?tio?na?ry字典[‘d i k-- ??--n?--ri] e I y 既简单点就是: (元音+辅音)---(辅音+元音) 注意:诸如这些---ee,oo,ch,sh,wh,tch,wr,rh,qu,tion,gr,…等等都视作一个音素单位，如上的country等。 ? 音节(段):每个单词的音标都分有几段音节段(至少一个)，如上各例。 含有几个元音音素，就有几个音节(段)。 study学习[‘st-?di](2个音节段) ; country国家[‘k?n-tri(]2个音节段) (((( car小汽车[ka:] (1个音节段) ; dictionary字典[‘dik-??-n?-ri](((((((4个音节段) *当每一段音节(段)末尾是“辅音+[ l][ m]或[n]”时，就构成了—成音节，也算一个((( 音节(段) trouble麻烦[‘tr ?---bl] season季节[‘s i:--- z n] table桌子[‘t ei--- b l] (((含有一个音节的单词(单音节词);含有两个音节的单词(双音节词);含有三个或三个以上音节的单词(多音节词) study学习[‘s t ?---di] 双音节词; car小汽车[k a:] 单音节词 ; country国家[‘ k ?n---tri] 双音节词 ;trouble麻烦[‘tr ?--- b l] 双音节词; season季节[‘s i:--- z n] 双音节词 ; table桌子[‘t ei--- b l] 双音节词; dictionary字典[‘d i k-- ? ?-- n ?-- r i] 多音节词(4个音节);TV电视(机)[‘t i:--‘v i:] 双音节词; 5 magazine杂志[,m æ -- g ?---‘ z i: n] 多音节词(3个音节); ? 重音: 当双音节或多音节时，有些音节段中的元音要重读(即发音响亮清楚)，必须 在该音节段的左上角或左下角标上重音符号{即:(强)重音符号[‘ ]-左上角; 和 次重 音符号[ ，]-左下角} China中国[‘t?ai--n?] 第一音节段中的[ai]重读 Chinese中国的[t?ai—‘ni: z]第二音节段中的[i:]重读 information信息[,in--f?--‘mei--??n]第一音节段中的[i]次重读 ;第三音节段中的[ei ](强)重读 重音规则:(一般情况) 1. 单音节词 本身元音就重读，所以不必标重音符号。如farm[fa: m]表示[a:]重读 2. 双音节词 ? 大多数双音节词，重音在第一个音节段上 season季节[‘si:- zn] zero零[‘zi?-r?u] trouble麻烦[‘tr?-bl] country国家[‘k?n-tri] father父亲[‘fa:- ð?] window窗[‘win-d?u] ? 但某些以a-, re-, be-, ab-, ac-, ad-, af-, al-, an-,…等开头的词，重音在第二个音 节段上 about关于[?-‘baut] again又，再[?-‘gen] begin开始[bi-‘gin] already已经[?: l-‘re-di] return回，归[ri-‘t?: n] repair修理[ri-‘pε?] 3. 多音节词 ? 一般重音在倒数第三个音节段上(多为短音) family家庭[‘fæ-mi-li] 重音在到时第三个音节段上[f æ] difficult困难[‘di-fi-k?lt] 重音在到时第三个音节段上[d i] political政治[p?-‘li-ti-k?l] 重音在到时第三个音节段上[li] economy经济[i- ‘k?-n?-mi]重音在倒数第三个音节段上[k?] ?当含有5个音节(段)或以上,就有次重音. 次重音在强重音向左第二个音节(段)上。 即: ，音节段1 音节段2 ‘音节段3 音节段4 音节段5 ?次重音 ? ?强? ? 重音 ag?ri?cul?tur?al农业的 [,æg---ri---‘k?l---t??---rl] 即: [,?--?-‘?----?---?] *根据发音时声音的轻弱来排序(由强到弱)，为: 强重音,次重音,非重音,辅音 ? 开音节和闭音节 首先我们来了解如何划分单词字母组合(具体方法和如何划分音节段一致，参见上面) 就以上这些单词，进行划分一下字母组合: stu?dy 学习 ; coun?try 国家 ; car 小汽车 ; dic?tio?na?ry 字典; ti?ger虎 ; good?ness善良 ;trou?ble 麻烦;sea?son 季节 ; ta?ble 6 桌子 ; ma?ga?zine 杂志 ;Chi?na中国 ; Chi?nese中国的 ;a?bout 关于 ;a?gain 又 ; be?gin 开始; al?rea?dy已经 ;re?turn 回归; re?pair 修理 ;fa?mi?ly 家庭; dif?fi?cult 困难; e?co?no?my经济 ; ag?ri?cul?tur?al农业; 一般根据单词字母组合，就可以基本知道如何元音和辅音是如何发音的(规则情况下) 开音节:分为绝对开音节和相对开音节 1) 如果每一段字母组合结尾是“辅音字母+元音字母”，那就叫绝对开音节 be ; me ; she ; Chi?na ; my ; no ; go ; stu?dent ; 2) 如果字母组合段结尾“元音字母+辅音字母(r除外)+e”，那就叫相对开音节 如果是闭音节，就发闭音节音，如of?fice中的o就发闭音节音; 如果元音字母是非重读，那就发非重读音。具体详见下game; Pete; use ; name ; nine ; like ; lake ; nose ; time 如果辅音字母是r时，则变成了re音节了，后面将讲到。 开音节一般发字母本身音。 3) 如果字母组合段结尾是“元音字母+辅音字母(r除外)”，那就叫做闭音节 man ; red ; pen; big; not; sun; son ; gun ; up ;be?gin ;sum?mer 如果辅音字母是r时，则变成了r音节了，后面将讲到。 闭音节一般发短音，基本发和字母外形相符的音。 2007广东高考真题 I was on my way to the Taiyetos Mountains. The sun was setting when my car 1___________(break) down near a remote and poor village. Cursing my misfortune, I was wondering where I was going to spend the night when I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to 2__________should have the honor of receiving me 3_________a guest in their house. Finally, I accepted the offer of an old woman who lived alone in a little house. While she was getting me 4_________(settle) into a tiny but clean room, the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to 35__________small town some 20 kilometers away 6__________there was a garage. I had noticed three hens running free in my hostess's courtyard and that night one of them ended up in a dish on my table. 7__________villagers brought me goat's cheese and honey. We drank together and talked 8_________ (merry) till far into the night. When the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in the village, I wanted to reward the old woman 9__________the trouble I had caused 10_________. Once there lived a rich man 31 wanted to do something for the people of his town. 32 first he wanted to find out whether they deserved his help. In the centre of the main road into the town, he placed 33 very large stone. Then he 34 (hide ) behind a tree and waited. Soon an old man came along with his cow. “Who put this stone in the centre of the road?” said the old man, but he did not try to remove the 7 stone. Instead, with some difficulty he passed around the stone and continued on his way. 35 man came along and did the same thing; then another came ,and another. All of them complained about the stone but not tried to remove 36 . Late in the afternoon a young man came along. He saw the stone, 37 (say) to himself: “The night 38 (be) very dark. Some neighbors will come along later in the dark and will fall against the stone.” Then he began to move the stone. He pushed and pulled with all his 39 (strong) to move it. How great was his surprise at last! 40 the stone, he found a bag of money. 一(2014大纲卷) 注意:原行没有错的不要改。 All of us need friendship. The understanding 76.______________ between two friends mean both of them have similar 77.______________ ideas and trusting each other. Otherwise, it is 78.______________ impossible for him to help each other and to make 79.______________ their friendship to last long. As an old saying goes, 80.______________ “A friend in need is a friend indeed.” So really friendship 81.______________ should able to stand all sorts of tests. And it is 82.______________ wise to have as many good friends that we can. 83.______________ The more friends we have, the more we can learn for 84.______________ one another, but the more pleasure we can share together. 85.______________ 高考英语复习连词 连词分为并列连词和从属连词两大类。并列连词是连接主语与主语，谓语与谓语，句子与句 子，分词与分词的词，它要求前后两部分有相同的形式和语法作用;而从属连词一般连接主句与 从句，从句形式有名词性从句，定语从句和状语从句等。 ,一，并列连词, 并列连词可用来连接词与词，词组与词组，分句与分句。常用的并列连词有:and(和)，as well as(既„又)，both … and(不但„而且)，not only … but also(不但„而且)，not … but(不是„ 而是)，neither … nor(既不„也不)，either … or(不是„就是)，or(或者)，but (但是)，yet (然而)，for(因为)，so(所以)，while(而)，when(这时)等。如:Both my brother and my sister are teachers./ His room is bright but mine is gloomy(暗沉沉的)./ He can not only repair radios but also fix them./ It is a glorious(光荣的)yet difficult task./ Strike while iron is hot. ,二，从属连词 从属连词是指在复合句中引导从句的连结词。常见的从属连词有: 8 引导时间状语从句的:after, before, when, as, while, since, until, till, as soon as 引导原因状语从句的:because, since, as 引导让步状语从句的:although, though, no matter(无论), even if (though) 引导条件状语从句的:if, unless, once, so (as) long as 引导结果状语从句的:so … that …, such … that … 引导目的状语从句的:so that …, in order that … 引导比较状语从句的:as … as …, not so (as) … as …, … than … 引导方式状语从句的:as if … 引导主语，宾语或表语从句的连词主要有:that, whether, if三个。其中that 和whether间或 还可以引起同位从句和状语从句。 高考新题型—语言结构系列训练(八) 连词填空 A 并列连词 1 Follow the doctor’s advice, ______ your cough will be worse. 2 Walk straight along the main road, _______ then you will reach the Grand Theater. 3 You like sports, _______ I would rather read. 4 I was about to jump into the river ________ the guide stopped me. 5 She may fail in the exam, _________ she cried. 6 He is a League member, _______ he is always ready to help others. 7 He not only speaks good English _______ writes well in English. 8 Either you are sorry _______ get out! 9 Neither we ________ our teacher knows the answer to this question. 10 Both Peter ______ Tom are from South Africa. 11 Look! He is more _______ less drunk. 12 We are working hard to make our country more ______ more powerful. 13 Mr. Wang is walking up ______ down the classroom with a book in his hand. 14 Whether at school ______ at home, she is always cheerful. 15 They will stay here for a week _________ so. 16 This sentence may be correct grammatically(语法上), _______ a native speaker never says it that way. 17 I finally succeeded not by luck _______ through hard work. 18 John _____ his wife has been invited to that party to be held the coming weekend. 19 I hope you don’t mind my asking, _______ where did you buy those shoes? 20 Excuse me, _______ do you happen to know the time? 并列连词参考答案:1 or 2 and 3 while 4 when 5 for 6 so 7 but also 8 or 9 nor 10 and 11 or 12 and 13 and 14 or 15 or 16 but 17 but 18 as well as 19 but 20 but 9