血沉（ESR）

血沉（ESR） 血沉(ESR) Definition: erythrocyte sedimentation rate is the common rate of erythrocyte sedimentation rate. It is placed vertically in the blood immersed tube, and the red blood cell sinks due to the larger density. The rate of sedimentation of red blood cells, usually called the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, is usually the distance from which the red blood cells sink at the end of the first hour. Judgment index: the speed of ESR and plasma viscosity, especially the aggregation force between red blood cells. The accumulation of red blood cells is large, erythrocyte sedimentation rate is fast, otherwise it is slow. Therefore, ESR ESR is commonly used as an indicator of aggregation between erythrocytes. It can reflect certain diseases inside the body. ESR reference value: male: 0--15mm/h female: 0--20mm/h Pathology: ESR can be seen in some physiological conditions: Women menstrual period, pregnancy, the elderly, especially those aged 60 years or older, due to increased fibrinogen, resulting in faster esr. In the pathological situation can be seen in a variety of inflammation (acute and chronic inflammation, such as tuberculosis, connective tissue disease, rheumatic fever, etc.). Tissue damage and necrosis can also be increased in the short term. Malignant tumors, especially those with high malignancy and rapid growth, are more pronounced. A variety of high blood globulin can be seen ESR increased, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple myeloma, giant globulin, cirrhosis, chronic nephritis and so on. In anemia, hypercholesterolemia can also occur ESR faster. Therefore, ESR increased rapidly, the etiology is complex, without specificity. For the vast majority of acute or chronic infection, malignant tumor and tissue degeneration or necrosis disease (such as myocardial infarction, collagen disease etc.) are the changes of plasma globulin and fibrinogen, or abnormal protein into the blood, resulting in accelerated sedimentation. In addition, anemia and three months after menstruation and pregnancy can also accelerate esr. Therefore, ESR is a nonspecific test that cannot be used alone to diagnose any disease. ESR can be seen in polycythemia vera. ESR is mainly used in clinic 1, to observe the changes of tuberculosis and rheumatic fever and the curative effect, and to accelerate the ESR, which indicates the recurrence and activity of the disease. When the condition is improved or resting, the ESR is gradually restored. It is also used as a reference in diagnosis. 2, the differential diagnosis of certain diseases, such as myocardial infarction and angina pectoris, gastric cancer and gastric ulcer, pelvic cancer mass lump, and no complications of ovarian cyst, etc.. Are the former, ESR significantly increased, the latter normal or slightly higher. 3. Many patients with myeloma have abnormal amounts of abnormal globulin in the blood plasma. The ESR rate is very remarkable, and ESR can be used as an important diagnostic index. To determine whether or not the normal ESR results according to gender, the reference range (Westergren method is 0 ~ 15mm/1 hours) male, the female is 0 ~ 20mm/1 hours. ESR can be accelerated by physiological factors, such as women during menstruation and pregnancy can reach about 40 millimeters, children and people over 50 years old, ESR can be slightly faster than the reference range, at this time may be unrelated to the disease. Rate of rapid speed of development of malignant tumor with prompt value: surgical tumor resection, chemotherapy, radiotherapy or effective treatment, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate may slow tumor recurrence or metastasis; occurs, ESR can also speed up. Benign tumor generally does not accelerate or slow down the phenomenon of esr, It is therefore possible to assist in preliminary judgment of the nature of the tumor by this project. The rate of ESR can also help to observe the changes in the condition. As rheumatism, tuberculosis rate degree and the severity of the. During the active stage, ESR increased; when the condition improved, the ESR rate slowed down; the non - stationary stage ESR recovered to the reference range. Therefore, the measurement of ESR can generally predict the development of disease and observe the therapeutic effect. For example, the blood sedimentation rate of lupus erythematosus patients from stable to accelerated, indicating that the disease into the active period, long-term stability in the reference range, indicating that the condition has been controlled. ESR is often associated with the following diseases: 1, inflammatory diseases, such as acute bacterial inflammation, will appear in 2~3 hours of accelerated ESR phenomenon; 2, all kinds of acute systemic or local infection, such as active tuberculosis, nephritis, myocarditis, pneumonia, purulent encephalitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, etc.; 3, a variety of collagen diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, arteritis and so on; 4, tissue damage and necrosis, such as a wide range of tissue necrosis or injury, major surgery damage, myocardial infarction, pulmonary infarction, fractures, severe trauma and burns and other diseases can also accelerate esr; 5, suffering from severe anemia, blood disease, chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, multiple myeloma, hyperthyroidism, heavy metal poisoning, malignant lymphoma, macroglobulinemia, chronic nephritis and other diseases, also can significantly accelerate the trend of esr. Factors affecting ESR ESR is the rate of cell sedimentation, which is the rate at which the red cell stops at an hourly rate. Normal people's erythrocyte sedimentation rate about 12 millimeters per hour, in general, the rate of ESR between normal people is not significantly different, but children's ESR is slower, and adult men and pregnant women ESR slightly faster. But when suffering from certain diseases, ESR can change markedly. Any change in blood immunoglobulin, fibrinogen, cholesterol, glycerin, three fat, or certain diseases can lead to changes in esr. Such as tuberculosis, rheumatoid arthritis, malignant tumors, acute and chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and various infections, etc., will make ESR faster. But in addition, there are many factors that affect the change of ESR, so the clinical diagnosis of a disease can not only depend on esr. Accurate diagnosis should be made in combination with a complete medical examination such as medical history and illness.