电路设计软件说明

电路设计软件说明 2007年12月27日 09:24:38 作者: Happy Zhong EDA工具层出不穷，目前进入我国并具有广泛影响的EDA软件有:EWB、PSPICE、OrCAD、PCAD、Protel、Viewlogic、Mentor、Graphics、Synopsys、LSIlogic、Cadence、MicroSim等等。这些工具都有较强的功能，一般可用于几个方面，例如很多软件都可以进行电路设计与仿真，同时以可以进行PCB自动布局布线，可输出多种网 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 文件与第三方软件接口。下面按主要功能或主要应用场合，分为电路设计与仿真工具、PCB设计软件、IC设计软件、PLD设计工具及其它EDA软件，进行简单介绍。 1、电子电路设计与仿真工具 电子电路设计与仿真工具包括SPICE/PSPICE;EWB;Matlab;SystemView;MMICAD等。下面简单介绍前三个软件。 (1)SPICE(Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis)是由美国加州大学推出的电路分析仿真软件，是20世纪80年代世界上应用最广的电路设计软件，1998年被定为美国国家 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 。1984年，美国MicroSim公司推出了基于SPICE的微机版PSPICE(Personal—SPICE)。现在用得较多的是PSPICE6.2，可以说在同类产品中，它是功能最为强大的模拟和数字电路混合仿真EDA软件，在国内普遍使用。最新推出了PSPICE9.1版本。它可以进行各种各样的电路仿真、激励建立、温度与噪声分析、模拟控制、波形输出、数据输出、并在同一窗口内同时显示模拟与数字的仿真结果。无论对哪种器件哪些电路进行仿真，都可以得到精确的仿真结果，并可以自行建立元器件及元器件库。 (2)EWB(Electronic Workbench)软件是Interactive ImageTechnologies Ltd 在20世纪90年代初推出的电路仿真软件。目前普遍使用的是EWB5.2，相对于其它EDA软件，它是较小巧的软件(只有16M)。但它对模数电路的混合仿真功能却十分强大，几乎100%地仿真出真实电路的结果，并且它在桌面上提供了万用表、示波器、信号发生器、扫频仪、逻辑分析仪、数字信号发生器、逻辑转换器和电压表、电流表等仪器仪表。它的界面直观，易学易用。它的很多功能模仿了SPICE的设计，但分析功能比PSPICE稍少一些。 (3)MATLAB产品族它们的一大特性是有众多的面向具体应用的工具箱和仿真块，包含了完整的函数集用来对图像信号处理、控制系统设计、神经网络等特殊应用进行分析和设计。它具有数据采集、报告生成和MATLAB语言编程产生独立C/C++代码等功能。MATLAB产品族具有下列功能:数据分析;数值和符号计算;工程与科学绘图;控制系统设计;数字图像信号处理;财务工程;建模、仿真、原型开发;应用开发;图形用户界面设计等。MATLAB产品族被广泛地应用于信号与图像处理、控制系统设计、通讯系统仿真等诸多领域。开放式的结构使MATLAB产品族很容易针对特定的需求进行扩充，从而在不断深化对问 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 的认识同时，提高自身的竞争力。 solicited opinions and suggestions Article 265, including: four problems to 171. Deepening special regulation, State line State modified, side check side modified, total solution highlight problem 19 a; to rectification spirit carried out party political life, in-depth carried out heart talk, serious carried out criticism and self-critical; put built chapter State business throughout activities always, full cleanup and established perfect a involved "four wind" aspects of system provides, new 12 items, amendment perfect 15 items, abolition 3 items. Through educational practices, "four winds" problem significantly curb, party members and cadres ' apparent change of consciousness and ability of serving the masses increased significantly. (C) to promote the sustained and healthy development of economy and society. Adhere to the "party-led township, prospering Township, eco-village, projects promoting Township and industrial Township, industry-rich Township, harmony Township, stabilization control" development strategy, take economic construction as the Center, strengthen leadership over the economic work in earnest, closely around the target determined earlier this year to deal with and try to resolve the various adverse factors, pay close attention to the work. Efforts to promoting the construction of major projects. To transportation, water conservancy, urban infrastructure construction, focusing on implementation of a number of industrial structure adjustment and optimization and upgrading of key projects for leading roles; Completed has XX village pass village Highway, and township location lights bright of, and XX meters "beautiful village", and township public rental and Xiang hospitals public rental, and 270 sets rural housing room 2、PCB设计软件 PCB(Printed—Circuit Board)设计软件种类很多，如Protel; OrCAD;Viewlogic; PowerPCB; Cadence PSD;MentorGraphices的Expedition PCB;Zuken CadStart; Winboard/Windraft/Ivex-SPICE;PCB Studio; TANGO等等。目前在我国用得最多应属Protel，下面仅对此软件作一介绍。 Protel是PROTEL公司在20世纪80年代末推出的CAD工具，是PCB设计者的首选软件。它较早在国内使用，普及率最高，有些高校的电路专业还专门开设Protel课程，几乎所在的电路公司都要用到它。早期的Protel主要作为印刷板自动布线工具使用，现在普遍使用的是Protel99SE，它是个完整的全方位电路设计系统，包含了电原理图绘制、模拟电路与数字电路混合信号仿真、多层印刷电路板设计(包含印刷电路板自动布局布线)，可编程逻辑器件设计、图表生成、电路表格生成、支持宏操作等功能，并具有Client/Server(客户服务器体系结构，同时还兼容一些其它设计软件的文件格式，如ORCAD、PSPICE、EXCEL等。使用多层印制线路板的自动布线，可实现高密度PCB的100%布通率。Protel软件功能强大、界面友好、使用方便，但它最具代表性的是电路设计和PCB设计。 3、IC设计软件 IC设计工具很多，其中按市场所占份额排行为Cadence、Mentor Graphics和Synopsys。这三家都是ASIC设计领域相当有名的软件供应商。其它公司的软件相对来说使用者较少。中国华大公司也提供ASIC设计软件(熊猫2000);另外近来出名的Avanti公司，是原来在Cadence的几个华人工程师创立的，他们的设计工具可以全面和Cadence公司的工具相抗衡，非常适用于深亚微米的IC设计。下出按用途对IC设计软件作一些介绍。 (1)设计输入工具这是任何一种EDA软件必须具备的基本功能。像Cadence的composer,viewlogic的viewdraw,硬件描述语言VHDL、Verilog HDL是主要设计语言，许多设计输入工具都支持HDL。另外像Active—HDL和其它的设计输入方法，包括原理和状态机输入方法，设计FPGA/CPLD的工具大都可作为IC设计的输入手段，如Xilinx、Altera等公司提供的开发工具，Modelsim FPGA等。 (2)设计仿真工作我们使用EDA工具的一个最大好处是可以验证设计是否正确，几乎每个公司的EDA 产品都有仿真工具。Verilog—XL、NC—verilog用于Verilog仿真，Leapfrog用于VHDL仿真，Analog Artist用于模拟电路仿真。Viewlogic的仿真器有:viewsim门级电路仿真器，speedwaveVHDL仿真器，VCS—verilog仿真器。MentorGraphics有其子公司Model Tech 出品的VHDL和Verilog双仿真器:Model Sim。Cadence、Synopsys用的是VSS(VHDL仿真器)。现在的趋势是各大EDA公司都逐渐用HDL仿真器作为电路验证的工具。 solicited opinions and suggestions Article 265, including: four problems to 171. Deepening special regulation, State line State modified, side check side modified, total solution highlight problem 19 a; to rectification spirit carried out party political life, in-depth carried out heart talk, serious carried out criticism and self-critical; put built chapter State business throughout activities always, full cleanup and established perfect a involved "four wind" aspects of system provides, new 12 items, amendment perfect 15 items, abolition 3 items. Through educational practices, "four winds" problem significantly curb, party members and cadres ' apparent change of consciousness and ability of serving the masses increased significantly. (C) to promote the sustained and healthy development of economy and society. Adhere to the "party-led township, prospering Township, eco-village, projects promoting Township and industrial Township, industry-rich Township, harmony Township, stabilization control" development strategy, take economic construction as the Center, strengthen leadership over the economic work in earnest, closely around the target determined earlier this year to deal with and try to resolve the various adverse factors, pay close attention to the work. Efforts to promoting the construction of major projects. To transportation, water conservancy, urban infrastructure construction, focusing on implementation of a number of industrial structure adjustment and optimization and upgrading of key projects for leading roles; Completed has XX village pass village Highway, and township location lights bright of, and XX meters "beautiful village", and township public rental and Xiang hospitals public rental, and 270 sets rural housing room (3)综合工具综合工具可以把HDL变成门级网表。这方面Synopsys工具占有较大的优势，它的Design Compile是作综合的工业标准，它还有另外一个产品叫Behavior Compiler，可以提供更高级的综合。另外最近美国又出了一家软件叫Ambit，说是比Synopsys的软件更有效，可以综合50万门的电路，速度更快。今年初Ambit被Cadence公司收购，为此Cadence放弃了它原来的综合软件Synergy。随着FPGA设计的规模越来越大，各EDA公司又开发了用于FPGA设计的综合软件，比较有名的有:Synopsys的FPGA Express,Cadence的Synplity，Mentor的Leonardo，这三家的FPGA综合软件占了市场的绝大部分。 (4)布局和布线在IC设计的布局布线工具中，Cadence软件是比较强的，它有很多产品，用于标准单元、门阵列已可实现交互布线。最有名的是Cadence spectra，它原来是用于PCB布线的，后来Cadence把它用来作IC的布线。其主要工具有:Cell3，Silicon Ensemble—标准单元布线器;Gate Ensemble—门阵列布线器;Design Planner—布局工具。其它各EDA软件开发公司也提供各自的布局布线工具。 (5)物理验证工具物理验证工具包括版图设计工具、版图验证工具、版图提取工具等等。这方面Cadence也是很强的，其Dracula、Virtuso、Vampire等物理工具有很多的使用者。 (6)模拟电路仿真器前面讲的仿真器主要是针对数字电路的，对于模拟电路的仿真工具，普遍使用SPICE，这是唯一的选择。只不过是选择不同公司的SPICE，像MiceoSim的PSPICE、Meta Soft的HSPICE等等。HSPICE现在被Avanti公司收购了。在众多的SPICE中，最好最准的当数HSPICE，作为IC设计，它的模型最多，仿真的精度也最高。 4、PLD设计工具 PLD(Programmable Logic Device)是一种由用户根据需要而自行构造逻辑功能的数字集成电路。目前主要有两大类型:CPLD(Complex PLD)和FPGA(Field Programmable Gate Array)。它们的基本设计方法是借助于EDA软件，用原理图、状态机、布尔表达式、硬件描述语言等方法，生成相应的目标文件，最后用编程器或下载电缆，由目标器件实现。生产PLD的厂家很多，但最有代表性的PLD厂家为Altera、Xilinx和Lattice 公司。 PLD的开发工具一般由器件生产厂家提供，但随着器件规模的不断增加，软件的复杂性也随之提高，目前由专门的软件公司与器件生产厂家合作，推出功能强大的设计软件。下面介绍主要器件生产厂家和开发工具。 (1)ALTERA 20世纪90年代以后发展很快。主要产品有:MAX3000/7000、FELX6K/10K、APEX20K、ACEX1K、Stratix等。其开发工具—MAX+PLUS II是较成功的PLD开发平台，最新又推出了Quartus II开发软件。Altera公司提供较多形式的设计输入手段，绑定第三方VHDL综合工具，如:综合软件FPGA Express、Leonard Spectrum，仿真软件ModelSim。 solicited opinions and suggestions Article 265, including: four problems to 171. Deepening special regulation, State line State modified, side check side modified, total solution highlight problem 19 a; to rectification spirit carried out party political life, in-depth carried out heart talk, serious carried out criticism and self-critical; put built chapter State business throughout activities always, full cleanup and established perfect a involved "four wind" aspects of system provides, new 12 items, amendment perfect 15 items, abolition 3 items. Through educational practices, "four winds" problem significantly curb, party members and cadres ' apparent change of consciousness and ability of serving the masses increased significantly. (C) to promote the sustained and healthy development of economy and society. Adhere to the "party-led township, prospering Township, eco-village, projects promoting Township and industrial Township, industry-rich Township, harmony Township, stabilization control" development strategy, take economic construction as the Center, strengthen leadership over the economic work in earnest, closely around the target determined earlier this year to deal with and try to resolve the various adverse factors, pay close attention to the work. Efforts to promoting the construction of major projects. To transportation, water conservancy, urban infrastructure construction, focusing on implementation of a number of industrial structure adjustment and optimization and upgrading of key projects for leading roles; Completed has XX village pass village Highway, and township location lights bright of, and XX meters "beautiful village", and township public rental and Xiang hospitals public rental, and 270 sets rural housing room (2)ILINX FPGA的发明者。产品种类较全，主要有;XC9500/4000、Coolrunner(XPLA3)、Spartan、Vertex等系列，其最大的Vertex—II Pro器件已达到800万门。开发软件为Foundation和ISE。通常来说，在欧洲用Xilinx的人多，在日本和亚太地区用ALTERA的人多，在美国则是平分秋色。全球PLD/FPGA产品60%以上是由Altera和Xilinx提供的。可以讲Altera和Xilinx共同决定了PLD技术的发展方向。 (3)Lattice—Vantis Lattice是ISP(In—System Programmability)技术的发明者，ISP技术极大地促进了PLD产品的发展，与ALTERA和XILINX相比，其开发工具比Altera和Xilinx略逊一筹。中小规模PLD比较有特色，大规模PLD的竞争力还不够强(Lattice没有基于查找表技术的大规模FPGA)，1999年推出可编程模拟器件，1999年收购Vantis(原AMD子公司)，成为第三大可编程逻辑器件供应商。2001年12月收购Agere公司(原Lucent微电子部)的FPGA部门。主要产品有ispLSI2000/5000/8000，MACH4/5。 (4)ACTEL 反熔丝(一次性烧写)PLD的领导得，由于反熔丝PLD抗辐射、耐高低温、功耗低、速度快，所以在军品和宇航级上有较大优势。ALTERA和XILINX则一般不涉足军品和宇航级市场。 (5)Quicklogic专业PLD/FPGA公司，以一次性反熔丝工艺为主，在中国地区销售量不大。 (6)Lucent 主要特点是有不少用于通讯领域的专用IP核，但PLD/FPGA不是Lucent的主要业务，在中国地区使用的人很少。 (7)ATMEL 中小规模PLD做得不错。ATMEL也做了一些与Altera和Xilinx兼容的片子，但在品质上与原厂家还是有一些差距，在高可靠性产品中使用较少，多用在低端产品上。 (8)Clear Logic 生产与一些著名PLD/FPGA大公司兼容的芯片，这种芯片可将用户的设计一次性固化，不可编程，批量生产时的成本较低。 (9)WSI 生产PSD(单片机可编程外围芯片)产品。这是一种特殊的PLD，如最新的PSD8xx、PSD9xx集成了PLD、EPROM、Flash，并支持ISP(在线编程)，集成度高，主要用于配合单片机工作。PLD(可编程逻辑器件)是一种可以完全替代74系列及GAL、PLA的新型电路，只要有数字电路基础，会使用计算机，就可以进行PLD的开发。PLD的在线编程能力和强大的开发软件，使工程师可以在几天，甚至几分钟内就可完成以往几周才能完成的工作并可将数百万门的复杂设计集成在一颗芯片内。PLD技术在发达国家已成为电子工程师必备的技术。 5、其它EDA软件 solicited opinions and suggestions Article 265, including: four problems to 171. Deepening special regulation, State line State modified, side check side modified, total solution highlight problem 19 a; to rectification spirit carried out party political life, in-depth carried out heart talk, serious carried out criticism and self-critical; put built chapter State business throughout activities always, full cleanup and established perfect a involved "four wind" aspects of system provides, new 12 items, amendment perfect 15 items, abolition 3 items. Through educational practices, "four winds" problem significantly curb, party members and cadres ' apparent change of consciousness and ability of serving the masses increased significantly. (C) to promote the sustained and healthy development of economy and society. Adhere to the "party-led township, prospering Township, eco-village, projects promoting Township and industrial Township, industry-rich Township, harmony Township, stabilization control" development strategy, take economic construction as the Center, strengthen leadership over the economic work in earnest, closely around the target determined earlier this year to deal with and try to resolve the various adverse factors, pay close attention to the work. Efforts to promoting the construction of major projects. To transportation, water conservancy, urban infrastructure construction, focusing on implementation of a number of industrial structure adjustment and optimization and upgrading of key projects for leading roles; Completed has XX village pass village Highway, and township location lights bright of, and XX meters "beautiful village", and township public rental and Xiang hospitals public rental, and 270 sets rural housing room (1)VHDL语言超高速集成电路硬件描述语言(VHSIC Hardware Deseription Languagt，简称VHDL)，是IEEE的一项 标准设计语言。它源于美国国防部提出的超高速集成电路(Very High Speed Integrated Circuit，简称VHSIC) 计划 项目进度计划表范例计划下载计划下载计划下载课程教学计划下载 ，是ASIC 设计和PLD设计的一种主要输入工具。 (2)Veriolg HDL 是Verilog公司推出的硬件描述语言，在ASIC设计方面与VHDL语言平分秋色。 (3)其它EDA软件如专门用于微波电路设计和电力载波工具、PCB制作和工艺流程控制等领域的工具，在此就不作介绍了。 solicited opinions and suggestions Article 265, including: four problems to 171. Deepening special regulation, State line State modified, side check side modified, total solution highlight problem 19 a; to rectification spirit carried out party political life, in-depth carried out heart talk, serious carried out criticism and self-critical; put built chapter State business throughout activities always, full cleanup and established perfect a involved "four wind" aspects of system provides, new 12 items, amendment perfect 15 items, abolition 3 items. Through educational practices, "four winds" problem significantly curb, party members and cadres ' apparent change of consciousness and ability of serving the masses increased significantly. (C) to promote the sustained and healthy development of economy and society. Adhere to the "party-led township, prospering Township, eco-village, projects promoting Township and industrial Township, industry-rich Township, harmony Township, stabilization control" development strategy, take economic construction as the Center, strengthen leadership over the economic work in earnest, closely around the target determined earlier this year to deal with and try to resolve the various adverse factors, pay close attention to the work. Efforts to promoting the construction of major projects. To transportation, water conservancy, urban infrastructure construction, focusing on implementation of a number of industrial structure adjustment and optimization and upgrading of key projects for leading roles; Completed has XX village pass village Highway, and township location lights bright of, and XX meters "beautiful village", and township public rental and Xiang hospitals public rental, and 270 sets rural housing room