初中现在完成时解析练习

初中现在完成时解析练习 现在完成时 1.构成 助动词 have(has)+动词的过去分词 2.用法 (1)表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。常被just、already、yet 等 副词修饰。如: -Have you had lunch yet? -Yes, I have. I've just had it. 你(已经)吃午饭了吗, 我刚刚吃过。(现在我不饿了) (2)表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止，可能仍然在进行。 常带有for和since等表示一段时间的状语。 如:He has taught Chinese since 1981. 他自1981年就在这儿教语文。(可能还要继续教) I haven't seen her for four years. 我有四年没见到她了。 (3)表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验，一般译为汉语“过”，常带有twice, ever, never, three times等时间状语。 如: I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京二次。 3(结构 1)(陈述句结构:主语，have( has)(not)+过去分词，其它。 have not=haven’t; has not=hasn’t. 2)(一般疑问句结构:Have( Has )，主语，过去分词，其它, E.g. He has already finished his homework. He hasn’t finished his homework yet. Has he finished his homework yet? --Yes, he has./ No, he hasn’t./ No, not yet. 3)(特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词，have(has) +主语+过去分词，其它, E.g. Where has he been? 4. 现在完成时的时间状语 (1)现在完成时属于现在时范围，故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如:yesterday, last Sunday,in1990,three years ago等。但是，在强调动作产生的后果和影响时，可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。 a. 用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。 如:We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。 They haven't finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。 b. 用ever 和never。多用于否定或疑问句中，表示“曾经”或“从未“等。 如:-Have you ever been to the Great Wall? 你曾经去过长城吗, -I have never been to the Great Wall. 我从未去过长城。 c. 用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如just, before, up to now, the past few years等。 He has been there three times the last few days. 近几年他去过那里三次了。 d.用包括“现在”在内的时间状语，如:now, today, this morning (month ,year, term)等。 例如:-Have you met him today? -No, I haven't. 今天你见过他吗,不，我没有。 How many times have you been there this year? 今年你去过那里多少次, (2)现在完成时可以和带有since或for等表示“一段时间”的状语连用，表示动作或状态从某一时刻开 始，一直持续到现在。如:I haven't seen him for two years. 但是，像come, arrive, buy等非延续性 动词不能与表示“一段时间”的状语连用，必须改为“be(在)”等延续性动词来表述。现归纳总 结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换: 1 arrive?be here begin (start)?be on die ?be dead come back?be back leave?be away fall ill (sick, asleep)?be ill(sick, asleep) get up?be up go out ?be out finish?be over put on ?wear 或be on open ?be open join?be in或 be a member of„ close ?be closed go to school?be a student borrow ?keep buy?have catch(a cold)? have(a cold) get to know?know begin to study?study come to work?work等 如: He has been a soldier for three years.他参军三年了。 His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世二年了。 The film has been on for ten minutes.电影已开始十分钟了。 We have studied English for three years. 我们(开始)学英语已三年了。 (3)have gone to/have been to/have been in区别 have gone to意为“到某地去”，说话时该人不在现场，一般不用第一人称、第二人称代词作句子的主语。如:—Where is Jim,———吉姆在哪里, —He has gone to England(———他去英国了。(尚未回来) Mr. Wang isn't here(He has gone to Qingdao(王先生不在这里。他去青岛了。 have been to意为“曾经去过某地”，现在已不在那里了，后可接次数，如once，twice，three times等，表示“去过某地几次”，也可和 just，never，ever等连用。如: My father has been to Beijing twice(我父亲去过北京两次。 I have never been to the Great Wall(我从未去过长城。 have been in表示“在某地呆了多少时间”，常与时间段状语连用。如: I have been in Shanghai for three years(我到上海已有三年了。 He has been in London for half a month(他来伦敦已有半个月了。 5. 练习 一(写出下列动词的过去分词 1. is ________________2. visit_______________3. go _______________ 4. find_______________5. eat ______________6. break_______________ 7. do ________________8. want______________9. try_________________ 10. take 11. bring 12. buy 13. sell 14. give 15 drive 二(单选 1. You have _____ a tall young man. A grown B grown into C grown us D grown up 2. He has ____ the watch for a year. A buy B bought C have D had 3. Has your brother _____ the dog? A kept in B fed C fed on D kept on 4. I _____this book for two weeks; I have to return it now. A borrowed B have borrowed C kept D have kept 5. Have you ever _____to the Great Wall? It's very beautiful. A gone B been C went D go 6. Her brother _____the Party since 1978. A joined B has joined C has been in D was in 2 7. The Greens _____many places of interest since they came to China. A will visit B visited C have visited D visit 8. I'm sorry, I ____ your name. A had forgotten B forgot C have forgotten D forgotten 9. The bookshop _____ for eight years. A has been open B has been opened C has opened D has open 10. We have all the paper so we need to buy some. A used up B made of C filled with D hunted for 11. The flower I ____grown up. A planted has B planted have C has planted D have planted 三(填空 1. Have you ever ______(take) a train? 2. It _________(be ) more than three years since Jim ______(leave) here. 3. Have you _____(make)friends with your new classmates yet? 4. I _______(have) my lunch and I'm not hungry now. 5. Jim has never seen a panda, _____he? 6. We ______(be) good friends since we met at school. 7. We can't find him anywhere. Perhaps he______(go) home. 8. He _____(read) the book before. 9. Mr. Green _____(teach) us a lot about social studies since September. 10. I _____never____ (meet) her sister before. 四(用since和for填空 1) ______ two years 2) _______ two years ago 3) _______ last month 4) ______ 1999 5) _______ yesterday 6) _______ 4 o’clock 7) ______ 4 hours 8) _______ an hour ago 9) _______ we moved to Shanghai 10) _____ lunch time 11) ______ she left here 12. He has lived in Nanjing ___ the year before last. 13. I’ve known him ______ we were children. 14. Our teacher has studied Japanese ______ three years. 15. She has been away from the city ______ about ten years. 16. It’s about ten years __________ she left the city. 五(填空 1. She’s _____________ (live) here ever since she was ten. 2. Both of them ________________ (be) in Hong Kong for ten days. 3. Both of them ____________ (come) to Hong Kong ten days ago. 4. Half an hour __________ (pass) since the train __________ (leave). 5. Mary________(lose) her pen. ________ you _______(see) it here and there? 6. _________ you _____ (find) your watch yet? 7. ---Are you thirsty? ---No I _________just _________ (have) some orange. 8. We already _________ (return) the book. 9. ________ they _______ (build) a new school in the village? 10. I _____________(not finish) my homework . Can you help me? 11. My father _____ (read) the novel twice. 12. I _________ (buy) a book just now. 13. I _________ (lost) my watch yesterday. 14. My father ___________ (read) this book since yesterday. 六(翻译 3 1. 我以前从来没去过那个农场。 2. 他已经吃过午饭。 3. 你已经看过这部电影了吗, 4. 我哥哥还没回来。 这本字典我已买了三年了。 5. 6. 他离开中国三年了。 7. 自从他搬到济宁，他就住这儿了。 8. 自从1999年以来他们就认识。 9. 他们刚刚在火星上着陆了。 They __________ __________ ___________ ___________ Mars. 10. 我们在山上发现了很多其他动物。 We _________ __________ __________ _________ animals in the mountain. 11. 他们已经访问了那位科学家。 They______________ ______________ that ________________. 12. 他们已经把信息发送回地球了。 They__________ ___________messages ___________ __________the Earth. 七(阅读理解 No parking 禁止停车 Jasper White is one of those rare (罕见的) people who believes in ancient myths (古代神话). He has just bought a new house in the city, but ever since he moved in, he has had trouble with cars and their owners (拥有 者). When he returns home at night, he always finds that someone has parked a car outside his gate. Because of this, he has not been able to get his own car into his garage (车库) even once. Jasper has put up 'No Parking' signs outside his gate, but these have not had any effect (效果). Now he has put an ugly stone head over the gate. It is one of the ugliest faces I have ever seen. I asked him what it was and he told me that it was Medusa, the Gorgon (古希腊神话中的3位蛇发女怪这一, 凡见其貌者都会变成石头). Jasper hopes that she will turn cars and their owners to stone. But none of them has been turned to stone yet! 1. What does Jasper White believe in? 2. Where do car owners always park their cars? 3. What has he put up over his gate now? 4. Whose head is it? 5. What does he want Medusa, the Gorgon to do? Has she done so yet? 4